CN117223603A - Breeding method of saline-alkali resistant tomatoes - Google Patents
Breeding method of saline-alkali resistant tomatoes Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for breeding saline-alkali tolerant tomatoes, belonging to the technical field of tomato breeding; the breeding method comprises the steps of breeding male parent, breeding female parent, cross breeding, target seed treatment, matrix preparation, sowing, culturing, transplanting and management; the target seeds are treated, the target seeds are placed in treatment fluid for soaking, the soaking temperature is 17-19 ℃, and the seeds are wrapped in a constant temperature box for germination acceleration after being fished out; the treatment fluid is prepared by mixing deionized water, arabic gum, gibberellin and brassinolide, uniformly stirring, standing at 0.3-0.5 ℃ for 26-30min, adding soybean lecithin and betaine after standing, uniformly stirring, standing at-14-10 ℃ for 19-23min again, and naturally recovering to room temperature after standing; the tomato bred and planted by the method has high survival rate of seedlings, high yield and good taste and quality.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of tomato breeding, and particularly relates to a method for breeding saline-alkali tolerant tomatoes.
Background
Tomato is an annual or perennial herb plant of the genus tomato of the family Solanaceae, is widely cultivated in the original south america and the north and south China, has rich nutrition, is rich in vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, carotene, calcium, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, iron, zinc, copper and other elements, also contains protein, sugar, organic acid and cellulose, and is one of the main cultivated vegetables in China.
The saline-alkali soil in China is widely distributed and has more varieties, and is divided into a coastal saline area, a Huang-Huai-Hai plain saline area, a desert and desert grassland saline area and a grassland saline area, wherein the saline-alkali soil has higher pH value and salt content, low organic matter content and poor nutrient supply condition, and causes physiological drought and nutrient deficiency, so that the growth and development of crops are inhibited due to salt damage, thereby negatively affecting the growth of the crops.
The saline-alkali resistant tomato variety bred by the prior art has the problems of low yield, poor taste and nutritive value and the like, so the method for breeding the saline-alkali resistant tomato is provided, the yield is improved, and the taste and nutritive value are ensured at the same time, so the technical problem to be solved in the prior art is urgently.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems in the prior art, the invention provides a method for breeding saline-alkali resistant tomatoes, which improves the yield and ensures the taste and the nutritional value.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
1. breeding of male parent
(1) Father seed treatment
Placing the tomato seeds of the Lifen 108 into deionized water, adding chitosan oligosaccharide, sodium alginate, sodium bicarbonate, glutamic acid and borax, mixing, controlling the stirring rotation speed to be 170-180rpm, controlling the stirring time to be 23-27min, soaking for 2.2-2.6h after stirring is finished, taking out the seeds at 28-32 ℃, carrying out pulse electric field treatment with the pulse frequency of 23-25Hz and the pulse electric field intensity of 2.2-2.6kV cm, and obtaining the treated male parent seeds after the pulse treatment is finished;
the mass ratio of the beautiful powder 108 tomato seeds to deionized water, chitosan oligosaccharide, sodium alginate, sodium bicarbonate, glutamic acid and borax is 10-14:110-130:2.0-2.2:1.6-1.8:0.7-0.9:0.2-0.4:0.4-0.6;
(2) Father selfing
The treated male parent seeds are used as original resources, the seeds with strong saline-alkali resistance, strong plant growth, good fruit shape and high yield are used as breeding targets, a continuous selfing mode is adopted, 4-generation single plant selection is carried out, 4-generation plant lines are obtained, and the high-generation selfing line male parent is obtained.
2. Female parent breeding
(1) Maternal seed treatment
Placing Betty F1 tomato seeds at 4.0-4.4 ℃ for 48-52min, then placing the tomato seeds in deionized water, firstly soaking the tomato seeds at 47-49 ℃ for 0.9-1.1h, then adding seed soaking agents, then cooling the tomato seeds to 30-34 ℃ at a rate of 0.1-0.3 ℃, soaking the tomato seeds at 30-34 ℃ for 1.3-1.5h, and obtaining treated female parent seeds after soaking;
the mass ratio of the Betty F1 tomato seeds to the deionized water to the seed soaking agent is 9-11:100-130:2.1-2.5;
the seed soaking agent is prepared by mixing xanthan gum, vitamin C, dextran, polyethylene glycol and castor oil, ball milling in a ball mill at 2.4-2.6 deg.c and at 104-116 rpm;
the mass ratio of the xanthan gum to the vitamin C to the glucan to the polyethylene glycol to the castor oil is 2.6-3.0:0.4-0.8:0.8-1.0:2.2-2.6:0.9-1.1.
(2) Female parent selfing
The treated female parent seeds are used as original resources, the continuous selfing mode is adopted by taking strong continuous fruit setting capability, good taste and high nutritive value as breeding targets, and the mixed seed reserving is carried out by 5-generation single plant selection, so that the high-generation selfing line female parent is obtained.
3. Crossbreeding
And (3) crossbreeding the male parent and the female parent to obtain target seeds.
4. Target seed treatment
Soaking target seeds in the treatment solution for 1.4-1.8h at 17-19 ℃, taking out, wrapping with gauze, and germinating in an incubator at 27-31 ℃ until the seeds are exposed to white to obtain treated target seeds;
the mass ratio of the target seeds to the treatment fluid is 1:8.4-8.8;
the preparation method of the treatment liquid comprises the steps of mixing deionized water with Arabic gum, gibberellin and brassinolide, uniformly stirring, standing at 0.3-0.5 ℃ for 26-30min, adding soybean lecithin and betaine after standing, uniformly stirring, standing again at-14-10 ℃ for 19-23min, and naturally recovering to room temperature after standing to obtain the treatment liquid;
the mass ratio of deionized water, arabic gum, gibberellin, brassinolide, soybean lecithin and betaine is 126-134:2.5-2.7:0.03-0.05:0.05-0.07:2.2-2.4:1.8-2.2.
5. Preparation of the matrix
Mixing turf, humic acid, modified kaolinite powder and straw, and uniformly stirring to obtain a matrix;
the mass ratio of the turf, the rotten leaves, the modified kaolinite powder and the straw is 9-11:13-15:10-14:3.0-3.2;
the preparation method of the modified kaolinite powder comprises the steps of placing the kaolinite powder in a muffle furnace for calcination for 1.3-1.5h, wherein the calcination temperature is 237-243 ℃, placing the kaolinite powder in a high-temperature and high-pressure environment for 38-42min after the calcination is finished, the temperature is 133-137 ℃, the pressure is 3.3-3.5MPa, immediately releasing pressure after the high-temperature and high-pressure treatment is finished, adding deionized water, polyvinylpyrrolidone, pentaerythritol and gallic acid after the temperature is reduced to room temperature, placing the kaolinite powder in a low-temperature and low-pressure environment for continuous standing for 50-54min, the temperature is 2.0-2.2 ℃, the pressure is 0.9-1.1MPa, releasing pressure after the low-temperature and high-pressure treatment is finished, recovering the pressure to room temperature, and drying to obtain the modified kaolinite powder;
the particle size of the kaolinite powder is 115-125nm;
the mass ratio of the kaolinite powder, the deionized water, the polyvinylpyrrolidone, the pentaerythritol and the gallic acid is 10-14:75-94:1.8-2.2:2.2-2.6:1.6-2.0.
6. Sowing, culturing, transplanting and managing
Sowing the treated target seeds in seedling raising trays, wherein the sowing depth is 1.3-1.5cm, 1 seed per hole, keeping the daytime temperature at 25-27 ℃ and the nighttime temperature at 17-19 ℃, growing seedlings until the tomato seedlings age for 15 days, transplanting, spreading 0.3-0.5kg matrix in the soil of the root of each tomato seedling before transplanting, keeping the plant spacing at 51-53cm and the row spacing at 58-62cm, spraying 207-213g of growth solution per tomato seedling after transplanting, and performing reasonable field management and water and fertilizer management until harvesting;
the growth solution consists of deionized water, potassium sulfate, compound sodium nitrophenolate, citric acid and glycerin, wherein the mass ratio of the deionized water to the potassium sulfate to the compound sodium nitrophenolate to the citric acid to the glycerin is 34-40:0.3-0.5:0.01-0.03:1.1-1.3:1.7-1.9.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. according to the invention, the seeds are treated by adopting a specific method, so that the components are uniformly mixed, damage to the tomato seeds is avoided, the growth performance of target seeds is improved, a specific matrix is adopted when the tomato seeds are transplanted to the saline-alkali soil, and the self-regulation capability and the adaptability in the saline-alkali soil are improved by treating the tomato seeds with the growth solution, so that the tomato seedlings are high in survival rate, good in growth performance, high in yield, good in taste and quality;
2. the tomato bred and planted by the method has the survival rate of 99.1-99.7% after 12 days of transplanting;
3. the tomato bred and planted by the method has the yield of 7176-7289 kg/mu;
4. tomato bred and planted by the method has the vitamin C content of 57.2-59.4mg/100g, the soluble sugar content of 8.5-9.2% and the lycopene content of 194.3-195.8 mug/g.
Detailed Description
For a clearer understanding of the technical features, objects and effects of the present invention, specific embodiments of the present invention will be described.
Example 1 Breeding method of saline-alkali tolerant tomato
1. Breeding of male parent
(1) Father seed treatment
Placing the tomato seeds of the beautiful powder 108 into deionized water, then adding chitosan oligosaccharide, sodium alginate, sodium bicarbonate, glutamic acid and borax, mixing, controlling the stirring rotation speed to 175rpm, stirring for 25min, soaking for 2.4h after stirring, wherein the soaking temperature is 30 ℃, fishing out the seeds, performing pulse electric field treatment with the pulse frequency of 24Hz and the pulse electric field intensity of 2.4kV cm, and obtaining the treated male parent seeds after the pulse treatment;
the mass ratio of the beautiful powder 108 tomato seeds to deionized water, chitosan oligosaccharide, sodium alginate, sodium bicarbonate, glutamic acid and borax is 12:116:2.1:1.7:0.8:0.3:0.5;
(2) Father selfing
The treated male parent seeds are used as original resources, the seeds with strong saline-alkali resistance, strong plant growth, good fruit shape and high yield are used as breeding targets, a continuous selfing mode is adopted, 4-generation single plant selection is carried out, 4-generation plant lines are obtained, and the high-generation selfing line male parent is obtained.
2. Female parent breeding
(1) Maternal seed treatment
Placing Betty F1 tomato seeds at 4.2 ℃ for standing for 50min, then placing the tomato seeds in deionized water, firstly soaking the tomato seeds at 48 ℃ for 1.0h, then adding a seed soaking agent, then cooling the tomato seeds to 32 ℃ at a rate of 0.2 ℃, soaking the tomato seeds at 32 ℃ for 1.4h, and obtaining treated female parent seeds after soaking;
the mass ratio of the Betty F1 tomato seeds, deionized water and seed soaking agent is 10:120:2.3;
the seed soaking agent is prepared by mixing xanthan gum, vitamin C, dextran, polyethylene glycol and castor oil, then placing in a ball mill for ball milling treatment, wherein the ball milling temperature is 2.5 ℃, the ball milling rotating speed is 110rpm, and the seed soaking agent is prepared after ball milling is finished;
the mass ratio of the xanthan gum to the vitamin C to the glucan to the polyethylene glycol to the castor oil is 2.8:0.6:0.9:2.4:1.0.
(2) Female parent selfing
The treated female parent seeds are used as original resources, the continuous selfing mode is adopted by taking strong continuous fruit setting capability, good taste and high nutritive value as breeding targets, and the mixed seed reserving is carried out by 5-generation single plant selection, so that the high-generation selfing line female parent is obtained.
3. Crossbreeding
And (3) crossbreeding the male parent and the female parent to obtain target seeds.
4. Target seed treatment
Soaking target seeds in the treatment liquid for 1.6h at the soaking temperature of 18 ℃, fishing out, wrapping with gauze, and placing in a constant temperature box for germination acceleration at the temperature of 29 ℃ until the seeds are exposed to white, so as to obtain the treated target seeds;
the mass ratio of the target seeds to the treatment fluid is 1:8.6;
the preparation method of the treatment liquid comprises the steps of mixing deionized water with Arabic gum, gibberellin and brassinolide, uniformly stirring, standing at 0.4 ℃ for 28min, adding soybean lecithin and betaine after standing, uniformly stirring, standing at-12 ℃ for 21min again, and naturally recovering to room temperature after standing to obtain the treatment liquid;
the mass ratio of deionized water, arabic gum, gibberellin, brassinolide, soybean lecithin and betaine is 130:2.6:0.04:0.06:2.3:2.0.
5. Preparation of the matrix
Mixing turf, humic acid, modified kaolinite powder and straw, and uniformly stirring to obtain a matrix;
the mass ratio of the turf, the rotten leaves, the modified kaolinite powder and the straw is 10:14:12:3.1;
the preparation method of the modified kaolinite powder comprises the steps of placing the kaolinite powder in a muffle furnace for calcination for 1.4h, placing the kaolinite powder in a high-temperature and high-pressure environment for 40min after the calcination is finished, wherein the temperature is 135 ℃, the pressure is 3.4MPa, immediately releasing pressure after the high-temperature and high-pressure treatment is finished, reducing the temperature to room temperature, adding deionized water, polyvinylpyrrolidone, pentaerythritol and gallic acid, placing the kaolinite powder in a low-temperature and low-pressure environment for continuously standing for 52min, the temperature is 2.1 ℃, the pressure is 1.0MPa, releasing pressure after the high-temperature and high-pressure treatment is finished, recovering the temperature to room temperature, and drying to obtain the modified kaolinite powder;
the particle size of the kaolinite powder is 120nm;
the mass ratio of the kaolinite powder, the deionized water, the polyvinylpyrrolidone, the pentaerythritol and the gallic acid is 12:81:2.0:2.4:1.8.
6. Sowing, culturing, transplanting and managing
Sowing the treated target seeds in seedling raising trays, wherein the sowing depth is 1.4cm, each hole contains 1 seed, the daytime temperature is kept at 26 ℃, the night temperature is kept at 18 ℃, seedlings grow out, the seedling age of the tomatoes is 15 days, transplanting is carried out, 0.4kg of matrix is spread in the soil at the root of each tomato seedling before transplanting, the plant spacing is kept at 52cm during transplanting, the row spacing is kept at 60cm, 210g of growth solution is sprayed on each tomato seedling after transplanting, and reasonable field management and water and fertilizer management are carried out until harvesting are carried out;
the growth solution consists of deionized water, potassium sulfate, compound sodium nitrophenolate, citric acid and glycerin, wherein the mass ratio of the deionized water to the potassium sulfate to the compound sodium nitrophenolate to the citric acid to the glycerin is 37:0.4:0.02:1.2:1.8.
Example 2 Breeding method of saline-alkali tolerant tomato
1. Breeding of male parent
(1) Father seed treatment
Placing the tomato seeds of the beautiful powder 108 into deionized water, then adding chitosan oligosaccharide, sodium alginate, sodium bicarbonate, glutamic acid and borax, mixing, controlling the stirring rotation speed to 170rpm, stirring for 23min, soaking for 2.2h after stirring, wherein the soaking temperature is 28 ℃, fishing out the seeds, performing pulse electric field treatment with the pulse frequency of 23Hz and the pulse electric field intensity of 2.2kV cm, and obtaining the treated male parent seeds after the pulse treatment;
the mass ratio of the beautiful powder 108 tomato seeds to deionized water, chitosan oligosaccharide, sodium alginate, sodium bicarbonate, glutamic acid and borax is 10:110:2.0:1.6:0.7:0.2:0.4;
(2) Father selfing
The treated male parent seeds are used as original resources, the seeds with strong saline-alkali resistance, strong plant growth, good fruit shape and high yield are used as breeding targets, a continuous selfing mode is adopted, 4-generation single plant selection is carried out, 4-generation plant lines are obtained, and the high-generation selfing line male parent is obtained.
2. Female parent breeding
(1) Maternal seed treatment
Placing Betty F1 tomato seeds at 4.0 ℃ for standing for 48min, then placing the tomato seeds in deionized water, firstly soaking the tomato seeds at 47 ℃ for 0.9h, then adding a seed soaking agent, then cooling the tomato seeds to 30 ℃ at a rate of 0.1 ℃ and soaking the tomato seeds at 30 ℃ for 1.3h, and obtaining treated female parent seeds after soaking;
the mass ratio of the Betty F1 tomato seeds to the deionized water to the seed soaking agent is 9:100:2.1;
the seed soaking agent is prepared by mixing xanthan gum, vitamin C, dextran, polyethylene glycol and castor oil, then placing in a ball mill for ball milling treatment, wherein the ball milling temperature is 2.4 ℃, the ball milling rotating speed is 104rpm, and the seed soaking agent is prepared after ball milling is finished;
the mass ratio of the xanthan gum to the vitamin C to the glucan to the polyethylene glycol to the castor oil is 2.6:0.4:0.8:2.2:0.9.
(2) Female parent selfing
The treated female parent seeds are used as original resources, the continuous selfing mode is adopted by taking strong continuous fruit setting capability, good taste and high nutritive value as breeding targets, and the mixed seed reserving is carried out by 5-generation single plant selection, so that the high-generation selfing line female parent is obtained.
3. Crossbreeding
And (3) crossbreeding the male parent and the female parent to obtain target seeds.
4. Target seed treatment
Soaking target seeds in the treatment liquid for 1.4 hours at the soaking temperature of 17 ℃, fishing out, wrapping with gauze, and placing in a constant temperature box for germination acceleration at the temperature of 27 ℃ until the seeds are exposed to white, so as to obtain the treated target seeds;
the mass ratio of the target seeds to the treatment fluid is 1:8.4;
the preparation method of the treatment liquid comprises the steps of mixing deionized water with Arabic gum, gibberellin and brassinolide, uniformly stirring, standing at 0.3 ℃ for 30min, adding soybean lecithin and betaine after standing, uniformly stirring, standing at-14 ℃ for 19min again, and naturally recovering to room temperature after standing to obtain the treatment liquid;
the mass ratio of deionized water, arabic gum, gibberellin, brassinolide, soybean lecithin and betaine is 126:2.5:0.03:0.05:2.2:1.8.
5. Preparation of the matrix
Mixing turf, humic acid, modified kaolinite powder and straw, and uniformly stirring to obtain a matrix;
the mass ratio of the turf, the rotten leaves, the modified kaolinite powder and the straw is 9:13:10:3.0;
the preparation method of the modified kaolinite powder comprises the steps of placing the kaolinite powder in a muffle furnace for calcination for 1.3h, placing the kaolinite powder in a high-temperature and high-pressure environment for 38min after the calcination is finished, keeping the temperature at 133 ℃ and the pressure at 3.3MPa, immediately decompressing after the high-temperature and high-pressure treatment is finished, reducing the temperature to the room temperature, adding deionized water, polyvinylpyrrolidone, pentaerythritol and gallic acid, placing the mixture in a low-temperature and low-pressure environment for continuous standing for 50min, keeping the temperature at 2.0 ℃ and the pressure at 0.9MPa, decompressing after the high-temperature and high-pressure treatment is finished, recovering the mixture to the room temperature, and drying the mixture to obtain the modified kaolinite powder;
the particle size of the kaolinite powder is 115nm;
the mass ratio of the kaolinite powder, the deionized water, the polyvinylpyrrolidone, the pentaerythritol and the gallic acid is 10:75:1.8:2.2:1.6.
6. Sowing, culturing, transplanting and managing
Sowing the treated target seeds in seedling raising trays, wherein the sowing depth is 1.3cm, each hole contains 1 seed, the daytime temperature is kept at 25 ℃, the night temperature is kept at 17 ℃, seedlings grow out, the seedling age of the tomatoes is 15 days, transplanting is carried out, 0.3kg of matrix is spread in the soil at the root of each tomato seedling before transplanting, the plant spacing is kept at 51cm during transplanting, the row spacing is kept at 58cm, 207g of growth solution is sprayed on each tomato seedling after transplanting, and then reasonable field management and water and fertilizer management are carried out until harvesting are carried out;
the growth solution consists of deionized water, potassium sulfate, compound sodium nitrophenolate, citric acid and glycerin, wherein the mass ratio of the deionized water to the potassium sulfate to the compound sodium nitrophenolate to the citric acid to the glycerin is 34:0.3:0.01:1.1:1.7.
Example 3 Breeding method of saline-alkali tolerant tomato
1. Breeding of male parent
(1) Father seed treatment
Placing the tomato seeds of the beautiful powder 108 into deionized water, then adding chitosan oligosaccharide, sodium alginate, sodium bicarbonate, glutamic acid and borax, mixing, controlling the stirring rotation speed to be 180rpm, stirring for 27min, soaking for 2.6h after stirring, wherein the soaking temperature is 32 ℃, fishing out the seeds, performing pulse electric field treatment with the pulse frequency of 25Hz and the pulse electric field intensity of 2.6kV cm, and obtaining the treated male parent seeds after the pulse treatment;
the mass ratio of the beautiful powder 108 tomato seeds to deionized water, chitosan oligosaccharide, sodium alginate, sodium bicarbonate, glutamic acid and borax is 14:130:2.2:1.8:0.9:0.4:0.6;
(2) Father selfing
The treated male parent seeds are used as original resources, the seeds with strong saline-alkali resistance, strong plant growth, good fruit shape and high yield are used as breeding targets, a continuous selfing mode is adopted, 4-generation single plant selection is carried out, 4-generation plant lines are obtained, and the high-generation selfing line male parent is obtained.
2. Female parent breeding
(1) Maternal seed treatment
Placing Betty F1 tomato seeds at 4.4 ℃ for standing for 52min, then placing the tomato seeds in deionized water, firstly soaking the tomato seeds at 49 ℃ for 1.1h, then adding a seed soaking agent, then cooling the tomato seeds to 34 ℃ at a rate of 0.3 ℃, soaking the tomato seeds at 34 ℃ for 1.5h, and obtaining treated female parent seeds after soaking;
the mass ratio of the Betty F1 tomato seeds to deionized water to the seed soaking agent is 11:130:2.5;
the seed soaking agent is prepared by mixing xanthan gum, vitamin C, dextran, polyethylene glycol and castor oil, then placing in a ball mill for ball milling treatment, wherein the ball milling temperature is 2.6 ℃, the ball milling rotating speed is 116rpm, and the seed soaking agent is prepared after ball milling is finished;
the mass ratio of the xanthan gum to the vitamin C to the glucan to the polyethylene glycol to the castor oil is 3.0:0.8:1.0:2.6:1.1.
(2) Female parent selfing
The treated female parent seeds are used as original resources, the continuous selfing mode is adopted by taking strong continuous fruit setting capability, good taste and high nutritive value as breeding targets, and the mixed seed reserving is carried out by 5-generation single plant selection, so that the high-generation selfing line female parent is obtained.
3. Crossbreeding
And (3) crossbreeding the male parent and the female parent to obtain target seeds.
4. Target seed treatment
Soaking target seeds in the treatment liquid for 1.8h at the soaking temperature of 19 ℃, fishing out, wrapping with gauze, and placing in a constant temperature box for germination acceleration at the temperature of 31 ℃ until the seeds are exposed to white, so as to obtain treated target seeds;
the mass ratio of the target seeds to the treatment fluid is 1:8.8;
the preparation method of the treatment liquid comprises the steps of mixing deionized water with Arabic gum, gibberellin and brassinolide, uniformly stirring, standing at 0.5 ℃ for 26min, adding soybean lecithin and betaine after standing, uniformly stirring, standing at-10 ℃ for 23min again, and naturally recovering to room temperature after standing to obtain the treatment liquid;
the mass ratio of deionized water to acacia, gibberellin to brassinolide to soybean lecithin to betaine is 134:2.7:0.05:0.07:2.4:2.2.
5. Preparation of the matrix
Mixing turf, humic acid, modified kaolinite powder and straw, and uniformly stirring to obtain a matrix;
the mass ratio of the turf, the rotten leaves, the modified kaolinite powder and the straw is 11:15:14:3.2;
the preparation method of the modified kaolinite powder comprises the steps of placing the kaolinite powder in a muffle furnace for calcination for 1.5h, placing the kaolinite powder in a high-temperature and high-pressure environment for standing for 42min after the calcination is finished, wherein the temperature is 137 ℃, the pressure is 3.5MPa, immediately releasing pressure after the high-temperature and high-pressure treatment is finished, reducing the temperature to room temperature, adding deionized water, polyvinylpyrrolidone, pentaerythritol and gallic acid, placing the kaolinite powder in a low-temperature and low-pressure environment for continuously standing for 54min, the temperature is 2.2 ℃, the pressure is 1.1MPa, releasing pressure after the high-temperature and high-pressure treatment is finished, recovering the temperature to room temperature, and drying to obtain the modified kaolinite powder;
the particle size of the kaolinite powder is 125nm;
the mass ratio of the kaolinite powder, the deionized water, the polyvinylpyrrolidone, the pentaerythritol and the gallic acid is 14:94:2.2:2.6:2.0.
6. Sowing, culturing, transplanting and managing
Sowing the treated target seeds in seedling raising trays, wherein the sowing depth is 1.5cm, each hole contains 1 seed, the daytime temperature is kept at 27 ℃, the night temperature is kept at 19 ℃, seedlings grow out, the seedling age of the tomatoes is 15 days, transplanting is carried out, 0.5kg of matrix is spread in the soil at the root of each tomato seedling before transplanting, the plant spacing is kept at 53cm during transplanting, the row spacing is kept at 62cm, 213g of growth solution is sprayed on each tomato seedling after transplanting, and then reasonable field management and water and fertilizer management are carried out until harvesting are carried out;
the growth solution consists of deionized water, potassium sulfate, compound sodium nitrophenolate, citric acid and glycerin, wherein the mass ratio of the deionized water to the potassium sulfate to the compound sodium nitrophenolate to the citric acid to the glycerin is 40:0.5:0.03:1.3:1.9.
Comparative example 1
The procedure was as in example 1, except that the treatment of the male parent seed and the female parent seed was omitted and the rest of the operations were the same.
Comparative example 2
The modification was performed on the basis of example 1, except that the treatment of the target seeds was omitted, the modified kaolinite powder was replaced with kaolinite powder without any treatment in the preparation of the seedling substrate, and the rest of the operations were the same.
Test examples
A 10 mu saline-alkali soil is selected in the Weifang city of Shandong province, the average is divided into 5 parts, tomatoes are bred and planted in the saline-alkali soil according to the methods of examples 1-3 and comparative examples 1-2, and after the tomatoes are received, the statistical results are as follows:
1. counting the survival rate of tomatoes 12 days after transplanting
2. After tomato harvest, the yields were as follows:
3. 20 tomatoes are respectively taken out from 5 saline-alkali lands, the vitamin C content, the soluble sugar content and the lycopene content of the tomatoes are respectively detected, and the average value is calculated, so that the following results are obtained:
the proportions described in the invention are mass proportions, and the percentages are mass percentages unless otherwise specified.
Finally, it should be noted that: the foregoing description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, but although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications may be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or that equivalents may be substituted for part of the technical features thereof; any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A method for breeding saline-alkali tolerant tomatoes is characterized by comprising the steps of breeding male parent, breeding female parent, crossbreeding, target seed treatment, matrix preparation, sowing, culturing, transplanting and management;
the breeding of the male parent comprises the steps of male parent seed treatment and male parent selfing;
the female parent breeding comprises female parent seed treatment and female parent selfing;
the male parent seed treatment step comprises the steps of placing 108 tomato seeds of beautiful powder in deionized water, adding chitosan oligosaccharide, sodium alginate, sodium bicarbonate, glutamic acid and borax, mixing, controlling the stirring rotation speed to be 170-180rpm, stirring for 23-27min, soaking for 2.2-2.6h after stirring, taking out the seeds at 28-32 ℃, carrying out pulse electric field treatment with the pulse frequency of 23-25Hz and the pulse electric field intensity of 2.2-2.6kV cm, and obtaining the treated male parent seeds after the pulse treatment is finished;
the female parent seed treatment step comprises the steps of placing Betty F1 tomato seeds at 4.0-4.4 ℃ for 48-52min, then placing the tomato seeds in deionized water, firstly soaking the tomato seeds at 47-49 ℃ for 0.9-1.1h, then adding seed soaking agent, then cooling the tomato seeds to 30-34 ℃ at a rate of 0.1-0.3 ℃ and soaking the tomato seeds at 30-34 ℃ for 1.3-1.5h, and obtaining the treated female parent seeds after the soaking is finished;
the seed soaking agent is prepared by mixing xanthan gum, vitamin C, dextran, polyethylene glycol and castor oil, ball milling in a ball mill at 2.4-2.6 deg.c and at 104-116 rpm;
the target seed treatment step comprises the steps of soaking target seeds in treatment liquid for 1.4-1.8h at the soaking temperature of 17-19 ℃, taking out, wrapping with gauze, and placing in a constant temperature box for germination acceleration at the temperature of 27-31 ℃ until the seeds are exposed to white, so as to obtain treated target seeds;
the preparation method of the treatment liquid comprises the steps of mixing deionized water with Arabic gum, gibberellin and brassinolide, uniformly stirring, standing at 0.3-0.5 ℃ for 26-30min, adding soybean lecithin and betaine after standing, uniformly stirring, standing again at-14-10 ℃ for 19-23min, and naturally recovering to room temperature after standing to obtain the treatment liquid;
the preparation method comprises the steps of mixing turf, humic acid, modified kaolinite powder and straw, and uniformly stirring to obtain a matrix;
the preparation method of the modified kaolinite powder comprises the steps of placing the kaolinite powder in a muffle furnace for calcination for 1.3-1.5h, wherein the calcination temperature is 237-243 ℃, placing the kaolinite powder in a high-temperature and high-pressure environment for 38-42min after the calcination is finished, the temperature is 133-137 ℃, the pressure is 3.3-3.5MPa, immediately releasing pressure after the high-temperature and high-pressure treatment is finished, adding deionized water, polyvinylpyrrolidone, pentaerythritol and gallic acid after the temperature is reduced to room temperature, placing the kaolinite powder in a low-temperature and low-pressure environment for continuous standing for 50-54min, the temperature is 2.0-2.2 ℃, the pressure is 0.9-1.1MPa, releasing pressure after the low-temperature and high-pressure treatment is finished, recovering the pressure to room temperature, and drying to obtain the modified kaolinite powder;
the steps of sowing, culturing, transplanting and managing are that the treated target seeds are sown in seedling raising trays, the sowing depth is 1.3-1.5cm, 1 seed is planted in each hole, the daytime temperature is kept at 25-27 ℃, the night temperature is kept at 17-19 ℃, seedlings grow out, the seedlings are transplanted after 15 days of tomato seedling age, 0.3-0.5kg of matrix is spread in the soil at the root of each tomato seedling before transplanting, the plant spacing is kept at 51-53cm during transplanting, the row spacing is kept at 58-62cm, 207-213g of growth liquid is sprayed to each tomato seedling after transplanting, and then reasonable field management and water fertilizer management are carried out until harvesting are carried out;
the growth solution consists of deionized water, potassium sulfate, compound sodium nitrophenolate, citric acid and glycerin, wherein the mass ratio of the deionized water to the potassium sulfate to the compound sodium nitrophenolate to the citric acid to the glycerin is 34-40:0.3-0.5:0.01-0.03:1.1-1.3:1.7-1.9.
2. The method for breeding saline-alkali tolerant tomatoes as claimed in claim 1, wherein,
in the step of treating the male parent seeds, the mass ratio of the beautiful powder 108 tomato seeds to deionized water, chitosan oligosaccharide, sodium alginate, sodium bicarbonate, glutamic acid and borax is 10-14:110-130:2.0-2.2:1.6-1.8:0.7-0.9:0.2-0.4:0.4-0.6.
3. The method for breeding saline-alkali tolerant tomatoes as claimed in claim 1, wherein,
in the maternal seed treatment step, the mass ratio of the Betty F1 tomato seeds, deionized water and seed soaking agent is 9-11:100-130:2.1-2.5.
4. The method for breeding saline-alkali tolerant tomatoes as claimed in claim 1, wherein,
in the preparation method of the seed soaking agent, the mass ratio of the xanthan gum to the vitamin C to the dextran to the polyethylene glycol to the castor oil is 2.6-3.0:0.4-0.8:0.8-1.0:2.2-2.6:0.9-1.1.
5. The method for breeding saline-alkali tolerant tomatoes as claimed in claim 1, wherein,
in the target seed treatment step, the mass ratio of the target seeds to the treatment fluid is 1:8.4-8.8.
6. The method for breeding saline-alkali tolerant tomatoes as claimed in claim 1, wherein,
in the preparation method of the treatment fluid, the mass ratio of deionized water to Arabic gum to gibberellin to brassinolide to soybean lecithin to betaine is 126-134:2.5-2.7:0.03-0.05:0.05-0.07:2.2-2.4:1.8-2.2.
7. The method for breeding saline-alkali tolerant tomatoes as claimed in claim 1, wherein,
in the step of preparing the substrate, the mass ratio of the turf, the rotten leaves and the modified kaolinite powder to the straw is 9-11:13-15:10-14:3.0-3.2.
8. The method for breeding saline-alkali tolerant tomatoes as claimed in claim 1, wherein,
in the preparation method of the kaolinite powder, the grain diameter of the kaolinite powder is 115-125nm;
the mass ratio of the kaolinite powder, the deionized water, the polyvinylpyrrolidone, the pentaerythritol and the gallic acid is 10-14:75-94:1.8-2.2:2.2-2.6:1.6-2.0.
9. The method for breeding saline-alkali tolerant tomatoes as claimed in claim 1, wherein,
the male parent selfing step is to take the treated male parent seeds as original resources, take strong saline-alkali tolerance, strong plant growth, good fruit type and high yield as breeding targets, adopt a continuous selfing mode, obtain 4-generation plant lines through 4-generation single plant selection, and obtain high-generation selfing line male parents;
the female parent selfing step is to take the treated female parent seeds as original resources, take continuous fruit setting capacity as a breeding target, have good taste and high nutritive value, adopt a continuous selfing mode, and carry out mixed seed reserving through 5-generation single plant selection to obtain the high-generation selfing female parent.
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