CN117204286A - Rice variety screening method suitable for rice re-oiling mode - Google Patents
Rice variety screening method suitable for rice re-oiling mode Download PDFInfo
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- CN117204286A CN117204286A CN202311207639.2A CN202311207639A CN117204286A CN 117204286 A CN117204286 A CN 117204286A CN 202311207639 A CN202311207639 A CN 202311207639A CN 117204286 A CN117204286 A CN 117204286A
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- 241000209094 Oryza Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 147
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 147
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 147
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229920000856 Amylose Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229930002875 chlorophyll Natural products 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 235000019804 chlorophyll Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- ATNHDLDRLWWWCB-AENOIHSZSA-M chlorophyll a Chemical compound C1([C@@H](C(=O)OC)C(=O)C2=C3C)=C2N2C3=CC(C(CC)=C3C)=[N+]4C3=CC3=C(C=C)C(C)=C5N3[Mg-2]42[N+]2=C1[C@@H](CCC(=O)OC\C=C(/C)CCC[C@H](C)CCC[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)[C@H](C)C2=C5 ATNHDLDRLWWWCB-AENOIHSZSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 10
- 235000013312 flour Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000001172 regenerating effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 210000005069 ears Anatomy 0.000 description 6
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 3
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009897 systematic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009418 agronomic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000029553 photosynthesis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010672 photosynthesis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000243 photosynthetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001850 reproductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention discloses a rice variety screening method suitable for a rice re-oiling mode, which comprises the following steps: step 1, selecting late-maturing early rice or early-maturing late rice as a screening variety type; step 2, screening varieties with high regeneration capacity and potential according to the chlorophyll content of the functional leaves in the yellow ripe stage and indexes of the aging degree of the lower stems; and 3, screening chalkiness, transparency and whole polished rice rate of the long-grain type first-season rice, screening amylose content of the round-grain type first-season rice, and determining rice varieties suitable for a rice re-oiling mode by combining first-season rice stock source coordination, yield and fruiting rate. The invention can systematically strengthen screening of late maturing early rice or early maturing late rice, not only strengthen screening of long-grain hybrid rice, but also pay attention to strengthening screening of conventional early rice with heavy spike of round grain type, not only fully widen application prospect of round grain early rice of rice flour processing type, but also realize high yield attack of first-season rice and regenerative rice due to close planting of the varieties.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agriculture, in particular to a rice variety screening method suitable for a rice re-oiling mode.
Background
The rice re-oiling mode has good planting economic benefit, but the mode has strict requirements on rice and rape varieties, so that the selection of proper rice varieties to adapt to the mode is particularly important. At present, related screening methods are innovated by Hunan farmer, he Tang Qiyuan and the like for screening out proper varieties in order to adapt to the mode. Numerous farmers also spontaneously try to make various varieties, such as farmers like the Changde city, the shou county and the like try to apply the rice re-oiling mode with the Ling Shuangyou 268, and good planting benefits are obtained.
However, the rice variety screening method of the rice re-oiling mode of the prior art has the following disadvantages:
1. the vast farmers do not have systematic nature or have certain contingency and randomness in the variety trial carried out by spontaneous or agricultural stations, so that a systematic and scientific screening method is necessary to be established to screen out good varieties for the vast farmers.
2. The existing national area test and combination test method can only adopt a method of manual harvesting and yield measurement, has low working efficiency and high cost, and has relatively large rice loss due to manual operation and poor accuracy of test results.
3. Tang Qiyuan, etc., do not screen the problem of stock source coordination of the first-season rice, they consider that the pile height of the first-season rice is 30 cm, neglecting the coordination of the growth process of the axillary bud germination of the ratoon rice, which is one of the main factors affecting the high yield of ratoon rice.
4. The traditional area test method only identifies rice quality of rice, and has a narrow application range.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a rice variety screening method suitable for a rice re-oiling mode.
In order to achieve the aim of the invention, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
provides a rice variety screening method suitable for a rice re-oiling mode, which comprises the following steps:
step 1, selecting variety types: selecting late-maturing early rice or early-maturing late rice as a screening variety type;
step 2, examining the coordination of the first season rice pool source: screening varieties with high regeneration capacity and potential according to the chlorophyll content of the functional leaves in the yellow ripe stage and the indexes of the aging degree of the lower stems;
step 3, screening varieties: screening chalkiness, transparency and whole polished rice rate of long-grain first-season rice, screening amylose content of round-grain first-season rice, and determining rice varieties suitable for a rice re-oiling mode by combining first-season rice stock source coordination, yield and fruiting rate.
Further, the row spacing of transplanting plants in the field cells of the screening test is set to 13.3 x 23.3 cm, and the ridge spacing is set to 53.3 cm.
Further, a harvester is used for harvesting, the harvester is used for harvesting from left to right in sequence, and straight line harvesting is not turned in the ridge spacing.
Further, a protection row is provided in the longitudinal direction of the paddy field near the forefront of the tractor-ploughing path.
Further, the height of the rice harvesting pile is 8-12 cm.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
1. the invention can systematically strengthen screening of late maturing early rice or early maturing late rice, not only strengthen screening of long-grain hybrid rice, but also pay attention to strengthening screening of conventional early rice with heavy spike of round grain type, not only fully widen application prospect of round grain early rice of rice flour processing type, but also realize high yield attack of first-season rice and regenerative rice due to close planting of the varieties. Particularly, the variety with the amylose content of more than 25 percent has wide application prospect.
2. Compared with manual harvesting, the mechanical operation of the first-season rice and the regenerated rice is realized, and the screening efficiency and accuracy can be improved.
3. The chlorophyll index and root aging index of the functional leaf can be used to complement the yield and the fruiting rate to realize the purpose of screening varieties. Compared with the high pile (30 cm), the low pile (8 cm to 12 cm) of the first-season rice can better reflect the regeneration characteristics of varieties and the coordination consistency of the growth process of the regenerated rice, and the assessment index is the regeneration index of regenerated ears of the 1 st and 2 nd nodes.
4. The method can screen the varieties with high photosynthetic efficiency and daily yield from the varieties of the high-quality early rice and the varieties with insensitive high temperature and stable rice quality from the varieties of the high-quality late rice. Meanwhile, the rice flour can be screened without considering indexes of chalkiness, transparency and whole polished rice rate, and only the variety which is suitable for rice flour processing and has the amylose content of 25% is considered, so that the thought is widened.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention is provided to facilitate understanding of the present invention by those skilled in the art, but it should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the scope of the embodiments, and all the inventions which make use of the inventive concept are protected by the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined and defined in the appended claims to those skilled in the art.
Test examples
In the test example, take the North He lake area as an example, a rice variety screening method suitable for a rice re-oiling mode is provided, and the method comprises the following steps:
step 1, selecting variety types: and selecting late-maturing early rice or early-maturing late rice as a screening variety type. Because the reasonable arrangement of the growth period and the stubble is adopted, the sowing is carried out for 4 months and 20 days, the transplanting is carried out for 5 months and 20 days, the harvesting, cutting and regeneration are carried out for 7 months at the bottom, the head of the rice can be safely aligned for 9 months and 20 days, and the rice can be matured in 10 middle ten days. The control varieties were Ling Liangyou 268 (hybrid rice control) and Zhongzao 39 (conventional rice control). If the breeding period is too long, the maturity of the variety in 8 months and 5 days is less than 85%, and the rice which cannot be cut must be eliminated. Therefore, the range of variety screening is reduced, the fertility process among varieties is basically consistent, and the method is favorable for screening proper varieties in a targeted manner.
Step 2, designing a harvesting method: aiming at an improved narrow-track harvester (the width of the tracks is 28 cm, the distance between the narrow tracks is 96-98 cm (because the tracks have certain deformation), the cutting table of the harvester is 210-220 cm, and the distance between the left margin of the tracks on the right side of the harvester and the right margin of the cutting table is 48 cm), reasonable field layout, test plot planting density and harvesting method are designed, so that the mechanized operation of screening of the varieties of the rice is realized, and the difficult problem of the existing manual harvesting is changed.
(1) The field layout is as follows: rectangular paddy fields are selected, the area is preferably 3.5-5 mu, the paddy fields should be convenient to drain and irrigate, and the growth process of the paddy rice planting in the surrounding fields should be consistent, namely, the field sunning, irrigation and drainage can be carried out simultaneously, and mutual interference is avoided. The preferred aspect ratio of paddy fields is 7:4, keeping the length of each test district consistent with the length direction of the rice field, arranging a protection row 4 meters long near the forefront of the tractor-ploughing path in the length direction of the rice field, wherein the main purpose is to facilitate the turning of the harvester, and other field management and arrangement (including the protection row, the up-down interval of the district and the like) of the screening test are basically the same as the test method of the national region of the rice. The purpose of this design is to minimize the impact of surrounding field and harvester harvesting on the test cell.
(2) The test plot transplanting density is designed as follows: 2 grains of seedling in each hole of hybrid rice and 4 grains of seedling in each hole of conventional rice. The row spacing is 4 inches (13.3 cm), each ridge is 8 rows, and the ridge width is 93.3 cm (less than the spacing between the tracks is 98 cm). Plant spacing 7 inches (23.3 cm). The line drawing device draws grids according to the dimensions of 4 inches and 7 inches, and then transplants the grids. The screening cells of each variety are 13.3 square meters (0.02 mu), 93.3 cm wide and 14.2.5 m long, and each cell has 61 plant spacing 62 rows. The spacing between cells (ridge spacing) is 53.3 cm (48 cm greater than the distance between the right track and the right margin of the header), i.e., 4 inch spacing. The design can reach agronomic and agricultural machinery matched with purpose, and the width of district is less than the interval between the harvester track, is less than the width of harvester header, and the interval (ridge interval) between the district is greater than the distance on harvester right track and header right marginal, therefore two tracks of harvester can walk smoothly in the ridge interval, realizes harvesting the purpose of district corn smoothly, has just so solved the difficult problem of manual harvesting corn, and is efficient, and the degree of accuracy of test is also high.
(3) The harvesting method comprises the following steps: according to the characteristics of the crawler belt on the right side of the harvester and the distance of 48 cm on the right side margin of the header, the harvesting method is different from the method for harvesting the district by the conventional harvester. Harvesting all the protection lines by using a harvester, returning the harvester to the position of the protection lines 4 meters in front of the field in the tillage direction of the harvester, and harvesting the district. The sequence of harvesting cells should be harvested from the leftmost test cell of the field to the right ridge by ridge. On a certain ridge, a plurality of test cells are arranged, so that after one cell is harvested in one straight run, the test cells are harvested again, and the test cells only advance on the same ridge and do not turn or turn around. When one ridge is harvested, the harvester backs up to the front 4 m protection row, and then turns to a district for harvesting the next ridge until the harvesting is completed. Therefore, the harvesting can be performed completely, independently, objectively and accurately for harvesting and measuring the yield of each cell.
As a preferable mode, the invention unifies the header Ji Dao harvesting pile height of 8-12 cm and unifies the low axillary bud germination index and the regeneration index of 1.9, which are the technical parameters for screening the high-yield regenerative rice varieties.
(1) The height of the harvesting rice piles of the harvester is 8-12 cm, and each rice pile ensures that most of the 1 st, 2 nd and 3 rd stems are reserved but no 3 rd stem is reserved. Through a large number of practices, the rice harvested before 7 months is ensured to leave 8-12 cm in stake, the regenerated spikelet of the 3 rd stem node is avoided, and the top end advantage is generated to inhibit the germination of the 1 st stem node axillary bud, so that the defect of extremely large difference of the reproduction progress of the regenerated spikelet is avoided. The reproduction scion growth process of the 1 st and the 2 nd stem node is basically consistent, the vegetative growth period and the reproductive period are prolonged as much as possible, and the scions can be safely aligned before 9 months and 20 days, so that the purposes of consistent maturity, increased scion grain number and high yield of the rice are realized.
(2) 10 points are investigated for each district 10 days after harvesting, and the 1 st and 2 nd axillary bud germination conditions are counted for each rice stake in each point, and the axillary bud emergence is based on the exposure. The variety with the low axillary bud germination index (axillary bud emergence number/effective ear in first season) more than 1.9 has the high yield potential of the ratoon rice. After the rice is aligned with the ears, 10 holes are counted continuously, and the number of the ears is counted to be more than 50 as the effective ears of the rice. The variety with regeneration index (the ratio of the effective ears of the ratoon rice to the effective ears of the first-season rice) of more than 1.9 has the high yield potential of ratoon rice.
Step 3, strengthening investigation of source coordination of the first season rice pool: the functional leaves are light green in yellow ripeness period of the first-season rice, and less yellow brown is present, which indicates that the leaves can still normally photosynthesis and the organic matters are sufficiently supplied; the middle and lower stalks are green or light green, which indicates that the root system and the stalks can normally absorb and transport water and nutrients. The functional leaves and the lower stalks are green, are markers for coordinating rice stock sources, and indicate that the variety has good regeneration potential. Therefore, the embodiment designs and screens the chlorophyll content (measured by a hand-held chlorophyll meter) of the functional leaves (1 sword leaf, 2 leaves and 3 leaves) with index 1-yellow ripe period; index 2- -degree of senescence (green, light green, yellowish white, dark brown) of the lower stalks (15 cm lower).
Step 4, variety screening: the rice problem is one of the main problems of the rice regeneration, and the previous thought has been limited to the low chalkiness and high whole polished rice rate. Through deep communication with vast rice enterprises, the invention provides 2 directions, and the problem of quality of the regenerated rice is solved well, so that 2 ideas are achieved.
The method has the advantages that the determination of the amylose content of the round early rice is enhanced, and varieties with the amylose content of more than 25% are suitable for rice flour processing, are popular in rice flour factories, and have good application prospects.
Secondly, the measurement of chalkiness, transparency and whole polished rice rate of long grain type late maturing early rice or early maturing late rice varieties is enhanced. If the chalkiness of the rice variety grouted at the high temperature of 7 months is within 5%, the transparency is 1 grade and the whole polished rice rate is above 60%, the rice variety has insensitive to temperature in the grouting period and stable rice quality, is suitable for being used as commercial food, and has good application prospect. Through 2 directions and ideas, the application range of the rice of the regenerative rice is widened, and the problem of difficult selling of the rice in the first season is solved.
The invention can systematically strengthen screening of late maturing early rice or early maturing late rice, not only strengthen screening of long-grain hybrid rice, but also pay attention to strengthening screening of conventional early rice with heavy spike of round grain type, not only fully widen application prospect of round grain early rice of rice flour processing type, but also realize high yield attack of first-season rice and regenerative rice due to close planting of the varieties. Particularly, the variety with the amylose content of more than 25 percent has wide application prospect.
It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. The present embodiments are, therefore, to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein.
Furthermore, it should be understood that although the present disclosure describes embodiments, not every embodiment is provided with a separate embodiment, and that this description is provided for clarity only, and that the disclosure is not limited to the embodiments described in detail below, and that the embodiments described in the examples may be combined as appropriate to form other embodiments that will be apparent to those skilled in the art.
Claims (5)
1. The rice variety screening method suitable for the rice re-oiling mode is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step 1, selecting variety types: selecting late-maturing early rice or early-maturing late rice as a screening variety type;
step 2, examining the coordination of the first season rice pool source: screening varieties with high regeneration capacity and potential according to the chlorophyll content of the functional leaves in the yellow ripe stage and the indexes of the aging degree of the lower stems;
step 3, screening varieties: screening chalkiness, transparency and whole polished rice rate of long-grain first-season rice, screening amylose content of round-grain first-season rice, and determining rice varieties suitable for a rice re-oiling mode by combining first-season rice stock source coordination, yield and fruiting rate.
2. The method for selecting rice varieties suitable for the rice re-oiling mode according to claim 1, wherein the row spacing for transplanting in the field plot of the selection test is set to 13.3 x 23.3 cm and the ridge spacing is set to 53.3 cm.
3. The method for selecting rice varieties suitable for a rice re-oiling mode according to claim 1, wherein harvesting is performed by a harvester, the harvester harvesting is performed sequentially from left to right, and straight harvesting is not turned in the ridge interval.
4. A rice variety screening method suitable for a rice re-oiling mode according to claim 3, wherein a protection row is provided in a direction of a length of the rice field near a forefront of the machine-cultivated road.
5. The method for selecting rice varieties suitable for the rice re-oiling mode according to claim 4, wherein the height of the rice harvesting spud is 8-12 cm.
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| CN106034877A (en) * | 2016-05-31 | 2016-10-26 | 江西省红壤研究所 | Grain-rapeseed double-harvesting planting method for red-soil rice field |
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