CN117178823A - Dioscorea opposita nitrogenous fertilizer decrement proportioning fertilization cultivation method - Google Patents
Dioscorea opposita nitrogenous fertilizer decrement proportioning fertilization cultivation method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a Chinese yam nitrogenous fertilizer decrement proportioning fertilization cultivation method, which comprises the following steps: selecting a land block which is not planted with the Chinese yam for many years and has high topography as a cultivation land; deeply loosening soil on the cultivation land to obtain a Chinese yam planting ditch, wherein the deep loosening depth is 100-120 cm; soil preparation is carried out before sowing, base fertilizer application is carried out, and the application standard of the organic fertilizer is as follows: 250-300 kg of clay soil per mu, 350-400 kg of loam soil per mu and 400-450 kg of sandy soil per mu; the application standard of nitrogen in the nitrogen fertilizer is as follows: 6-8 kg of clay soil per mu, 5-7 kg of loam soil per mu and 3-5 kg of sandy soil per mu; selecting seed plants which are continuously used for not more than 3 years, soaking the seeds with seed dressing agent before sowing, sowing after drying in shade, and paving drip irrigation tapes after sowing is completed; the additional fertilizer is carried out by adopting a drip irrigation water-fertilizer integrated technology in the growing period, the rhizome extending period and the rhizome expanding period of the Chinese yam, the high-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer is applied in the growing period of the stems and the leaves, and the high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer is applied in the rhizome extending period and the expanding period.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of yam cultivation, and particularly relates to a fertilizer decrement proportioning fertilization cultivation method for Chinese yam.
Background
The statements herein merely provide background information related to the present disclosure and may not necessarily constitute prior art.
The Chinese yam belongs to a large number of medicinal materials, has higher use frequency in the traditional Chinese medicine prescription and has dual purposes of medicine and food. The Chinese yam has unique value in the aspects of medicine and food and health care, so the cultivation management, especially the fertilization management, of the Chinese yam should be different from the fertilization mode of crops which only aims at yield, and the Chinese yam must be considered in terms of both yield and efficacy according to the safety and efficacy guidelines. In the current production, in order to pursue higher yield, the grower often enlarges the fertilizer, especially the large-scale application of nitrogenous fertilizer, and has a great influence on the quality of the Chinese yam, and meanwhile, the disease resistance of plants is weakened, the plant diseases and insect pests are aggravated, the pesticide residue risk is increased, and the sustainable development of the Chinese yam industry is not facilitated.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a Chinese yam nitrogenous fertilizer decrement proportioning fertilization cultivation method.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a Chinese yam nitrogenous fertilizer decrement proportioning fertilization cultivation method comprises the following steps:
selecting a land block which is not planted with the Chinese yam for many years and has high topography as a cultivation land;
soil preparation is carried out before sowing, base fertilizer application is carried out, and the application standard of commercial organic fertilizer is as follows: 250-300 kg of clay soil per mu, 350-400 kg of loam soil per mu and 400-450 kg of sandy soil per mu; the application standard of nitrogen in the nitrogen fertilizer is as follows: 6-8 kg of clay soil per mu, 5-7 kg of loam soil per mu and 3-5 kg of sandy soil per mu;
deeply loosening soil on the cultivation land to obtain a Chinese yam planting ditch, wherein the deep loosening depth is 100-120 cm;
selecting seed plants which are continuously used for not more than 3 years, soaking the seeds with seed dressing agent before sowing, sowing after drying in shade, and paving drip irrigation tapes after sowing is completed;
the additional fertilizer is carried out by adopting a drip irrigation water-fertilizer integrated technology in the growing period, the rhizome extending period and the rhizome expanding period of the Chinese yam, the high-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer is applied in the growing period of the stems and the leaves, and the high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer is applied in the rhizome extending period and the expanding period.
The planting is carried out for 1-3 years, the yield is reduced by about 15% and the quality is reduced due to the planting for more than 3 years.
The biological organic fertilizer is a fertilizer which is formed by compounding microorganism with specific functions and organic materials which mainly take animal and plant residues as sources and are subjected to innocent treatment and decomposition. The bio-organic fertilizer has the functions of activating soil, reducing the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests in the soil and the like, is suitable for the fertilization requirement of Chinese yam of rhizome crops, and meets the NY 884 regulation.
In the aspect of chemical fertilizer, the base fertilizer is selected from simple chemical fertilizers or compound fertilizers which are suitable for the main soil attribute characteristics of the Chinese yam planting area, such as soil texture types, acid and alkali and the like, and meet the growth and development requirements of Chinese yam. The selected compound fertilizer should meet the specification of GB/T15063. The additional fertilizer mainly adopts a water and fertilizer integrated drip irrigation fertilization technology, so that a water-soluble fertilizer meeting the technical requirement of drip irrigation is selected, and the water-soluble fertilizer meets the specification of NY/T1107.
The research result of the growth and development rule of the Chinese yam shows that the growth of the main vines is slow at the bottom of 5 months, the growth is fastest in the middle of 6 months, the growth stops in the late 7 months, and the leaves turn yellow in the late 9 months. Underground rootstocks form in the last ten days of 5 months, enter the rapid growth period in the last ten days of 6 months, and gradually slow down after the last ten days of 7 months. The Chinese yam in the middle 5 to 6 months mainly grows on the overground stems and leaves and is used for growing the stem and leaf of the Chinese yam; the period from the last ten days of 6 months to the last ten days of 7 months is the rapid growth stage of underground rootstocks, and is the rhizome extension period; the period from the last 8 months to the last 8 months is the gradual expanding period of underground rhizomes. Therefore, in order to facilitate description and define the main characteristics of each growth period, the main growth period of the Chinese yam is divided into three periods of stem and leaf growth period, rhizome extension period and rhizome expansion period.
The additional fertilizer is applied by drip irrigation water and fertilizer integrated technology so as to improve the utilization efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer.
The nitrogen fertilizer application reduction is the technical measure integration provided on the aspects of comprehensively researching the inherent relations of soil texture, basic nutrient supply characteristics, agronomic efficiency, yield reaction and the like. The principle of nitrogen fertilizer application reduction is that on the premise of guaranteeing the yield level of Chinese yam, stable improvement of land fertility and ecological safety, organic fertilizer and fertilizer application and drip irrigation water and fertilizer integrated technical measures are comprehensively applied on the basis of soil testing formula fertilization according to the fertilizer requirement rule and soil characteristics of Chinese yam, and the nutrient ratio is optimized, so that unreasonable application of nitrogen fertilizer is reduced, the effect of improving the nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate is achieved, and the reduction and high-efficiency utilization of the nitrogen fertilizer are realized.
The method has the advantages of simple and convenient fertilization, accurate fertilizer supply, easy absorption of the Chinese yam, improvement of the utilization rate of the nitrogen fertilizer and the like, can remarkably increase the yield and the quality, promotes the rapid development of the Chinese yam in the directions of fertilizer saving, high efficiency, high yield and high quality, and promotes the good and rapid development of the Chinese yam.
In some embodiments, the cultivation land is 8 years without yam planted.
The Chinese yam can not be planted in continuous cropping, and if the Chinese yam is planted in 8 years after planting, the damage of continuous cropping can occur: serious disease occurrence, slow rhizome expansion, serious bifurcation, 30-80 percent reduction of commodity and yield.
In some embodiments, the chemical fertilizer comprises the following composition: nitrogen fertilizer 3-8 kg, P 2 O 5 1.8-4.7 kg, K 2 O is 3.6-9.4 kg. The chemical fertilizer can be composed of single fertilizer or compound fertilizer with similar proportion.
In some embodiments, the seed dressing seed soaking method comprises: seed planting is carried out by adopting a metalaxyl-ipconazole microemulsion solution for seed soaking for 15-30 min.
The method comprises the following steps: the seed soaking method of the seed dressing agent comprises the following steps: every 200kg of seed plants adopts 120-180 ml of 4.23% metalaxyl-ipconazole microemulsion, 50kg of water is added for seed soaking, and the seed soaking time is 15-30 min.
In some embodiments, the row spacing is 55-70 cm, the plant spacing is 10-14 cm, and the planting density per mu is 1-1.2 ten thousand plants.
In some embodiments, the drip tape is a labyrinth or patch type drip tape.
In some embodiments, the shelf-up is started when the yam strain is 30cm in height, and the overhead cultivation is adopted.
Preferably, the height of the bridge is 2-2.5 m. The high frame is favorable for ventilation and reducing field humidity, and disease occurrence is reduced, and through years of experiments, the unexpected discovery can reduce nitrogen fertilizer application and the yield is not reduced.
In some embodiments, each seed is 40-50 g in weight.
In some embodiments, the amount of nitrogen fertilizer applied during the stem and leaf growth period, the rhizome extension period, and the rhizome expansion period of the dioscorea opposita is 2.5-3.5:3-5:1.5-2.5.
Preferably, the high-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by mass: 3 to 7 parts of nitrogenous fertilizer, P 2 O 5 1 to 3 parts of K 2 O1-3 parts. Is beneficial to the growth of stems and leaves of the Chinese yam in the early growth stage, and forms a high-yield plant type as soon as possible.
Preferably, the high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer applied in the rhizome extension period comprises the following components in parts by mass: 4-9 parts of nitrogenous fertilizer, P 2 O 5 3 to 7 parts of K 2 O is 8-14 parts;
the high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer applied in the rhizome expanding period comprises the following components in parts by mass: 2-5 parts of nitrogenous fertilizer, P 2 O 5 2 to 5 parts of K 2 O is 7-12 parts.
The potash fertilizer is favorable for transportation and accumulation of photosynthetic products, promotes the formation of yield and quality, and simultaneously, needs balanced dressing of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients because the biomass formed is larger and larger.
In some embodiments, the stem and leaf growth period is 2-3 times for dressing the mucilaginous and loamy soil and 3-4 times for dressing the sandy soil;
the rhizome is extended, the additional fertilization times of the mucilage and loam soil are 3-4 times, and the additional fertilization times of sandy soil are 4-5 times;
in the rhizome expanding period, the additional fertilization times of the clay soil are 2-3 times, and the additional fertilization times of the loam soil and the sandy soil are 3-4 times.
The beneficial effects achieved by one or more embodiments of the present invention described above are as follows:
the invention provides a method for cultivating Chinese yam by nitrogen fertilizer quantitative proportioning fertilization, which is characterized in that under the condition of reducing the nitrogen fertilizer consumption, the nitrogen fertilizer is reasonably proportioned and applied according to different soil textures and the growth period, so that the nitrogen fertilizer consumption is saved, the yield of the obtained Chinese yam is not reduced, the quality is better than that of the conventional method, the operation is simple, the effect is obvious, and the economic benefit and the environmental benefit are huge.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the following detailed description is illustrative and is intended to provide further explanation of the invention. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.
The invention is further illustrated below with reference to examples.
In order to clearly determine the application effect of the organic fertilizer for reducing the fertilizer, project groups develop the influence of the organic fertilizer for reducing the chemical nitrogenous fertilizer on the yield and quality of Chinese yam in Qingyang and Wu ascend in the Coke making city of Henan province in 2021 to 2022.
Example 1
In Qinyang city and Wu ascend county in the region of the focal crop, no Chinese yam is planted in the clay soil land with higher topography in 8 years before the selection. All organic fertilizer and part of fertilizer are applied on the base, the application amount of the commercial organic fertilizer is 300kg per mu, the pure nitrogen of the fertilizer is 7kg per mu, and the phosphate fertilizer (P 2 O 5 ) 4kg, potash fertilizer (K) 2 O) 8kg, and uniformly broadcasting.
Subsoiling soil is selected by a subsoiling machine, and the Chinese yam planting furrows are subsoiled by equal row spacing of 55cm, and the subsoiling depth is 100 cm.
The first year of planting of the zero-seed breeding is selected, and the weight of a single planting branch is about 42 g. Before sowing, 150 ml of 4.23% metalaxyl-ipconazole microemulsion is added with 50kg of water to soak seeds, 200kg of seeds are soaked and planted for 30 minutes, and the seeds are dried in shade to be sown.
When in sowing, the seeds are planted in the sowing ditch according to the plant spacing of 12 cm, and the fine soil with the density of about 8cm is covered, and the planting density is 1 ten thousand plants per mu. A labyrinth drip irrigation belt is selected, and the drip irrigation belt is paved on each row of planting furrows in time after the Chinese yam is sowed.
The Chinese yam starts to be put up after the seedling emergence, the vines are about 30cm in height, and bamboo poles with the height of 2.5m are adopted for herringbone frame cultivation.
The water-soluble fertilizer is applied in the growth period, the rhizome extension period and the rhizome expansion period of the Chinese yam, and the nitrogen fertilizer application amount ratio in the three periods is 3:4:2.
the growth period of the stems and leaves is mainly high nitrogen type water-soluble fertilizer, 3kg of pure nitrogen and 3kg of phosphate fertilizer (P) 2 O 5 ) 1kg, potash fertilizer (K) 2 O) 1kg, 2 times of dressing, each time interval 10 days; the rhizome extension period and the expansion period are mainly high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer, 4kg of pure nitrogen and 4kg of phosphate fertilizer (P) 2 O 5 ) 3kg, potash fertilizer (K) 2 O) 8kg, dressing 3 times each time for 10 days; dressing 2kg of pure nitrogen and phosphate fertilizer (P) in the rhizome expanding period 2 O 5 ) 2kg, potash fertilizer (K) 2 O) 7kg, 2 additional applications each at 10 day intervals.
Comparative example 1
In Qinyang city and Wu ascend county in the region of the focal crop, no Chinese yam is planted in the clay soil land with higher topography in 8 years before the selection. The base fertilizer is applied with 9kg of pure nitrogen and 9kg of phosphate fertilizer (P 2 O 5 ) 4kg, potash fertilizer (K) 2 O) 8kg, and uniformly broadcasting.
Subsoiling soil is selected by a subsoiling machine, and the Chinese yam planting furrows are subsoiled by equal row spacing of 55cm, and the subsoiling depth is 100 cm.
The first year of planting of the zero-seed breeding is selected, and the weight of a single planting branch is about 45 g. Before sowing, 150 ml of 4.23% metalaxyl-ipconazole microemulsion is added with 50kg of water to soak seeds, 200kg of seeds are soaked and planted for 30 minutes, and the seeds are dried in shade to be sown.
When in sowing, the seeds are planted in the sowing ditch according to the plant spacing of 12 cm, and the fine soil with the density of about 8cm is covered, and the planting density is 1 ten thousand plants per mu. A labyrinth drip irrigation belt is selected, and the drip irrigation belt is paved on each row of planting furrows in time after the Chinese yam is sowed.
The Chinese yam starts to be put up after the seedling emergence, the vines are about 30cm in height, and bamboo poles with the height of 2.5m are adopted for herringbone frame cultivation.
The water-soluble fertilizer is applied in the growth period, the rhizome extension period and the rhizome expansion period of the Chinese yam, and the nitrogen fertilizer application amount ratio in the three periods is 3:4:2.
the growth period of the stems and leaves is mainly high nitrogen type water-soluble fertilizer, 4kg of pure nitrogen and phosphate fertilizer (P) 2 O 5 ) 1kg, potash fertilizer (K) 2 O) 1kg, 2 times of dressing, each time interval 10 days; the rhizome extension period and the expansion period are mainly high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer, and 5kg of pure nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer (P) 2 O 5 ) 3kg, potash fertilizer (K) 2 O) 8kg, dressing 3 times each time for 10 days; dressing 2kg of pure nitrogen and phosphate fertilizer (P) in the rhizome expanding period 2 O 5 ) 2kg, potash fertilizer (K) 2 O) 7kg, 2 additional applications each at 10 day intervals.
As a result, the average acre yield of the Chinese yam in example 1 is 1706.4kg, the average acre yield of the comparative example is 1538.7kg, and the average yield of the comparative example is increased by 10.9%.
The average content of dioscin in the Chinese yam planted in the example 1 is 0.0217% (% is mass percent) which is improved by 12.6% compared with the comparative example 1;
the average content of allantoin of the rhizoma Dioscoreae planted in example 1 was 0.0624%, 9.86% higher than that of comparative example 1.
Example 1 has an average pure nitrogen amount of 16kg per mu, and comparative example has an average nitrogen amount of 20kg per mu, and the nitrogen fertilizer application reduction amount is reduced by 20%.
In order to clearly define the application effects of topdressing operations in different periods, project groups develop the influence of the topdressing amounts of nitrogen fertilizers and the proportion of phosphorus-potassium fertilizers in different periods on the yield of Chinese yam in the two places of the city of Coke making in Henan province and the city of Wu ascend in 2021 to 2022.
Example 2
In the regions of the focal crop, the soil plots with higher topography are selected from the Wu county and the Wu ascend county, and the Chinese yam is not planted in the previous 8 years. The base fertilizer is applied with all organic fertilizer and part of fertilizer, 400kg of commercial organic fertilizer is applied per mu, 6kg of pure nitrogen and phosphate fertilizer (P 2 O 5 ) 3.5kg, potash fertilizer (K) 2 O) 7kg, and uniformly broadcasting.
Subsoiling soil is selected by a subsoiling machine, the Chinese yam planting furrows are subsoiled by 60cm according to equal row spacing, and the subsoiling depth is 110 cm.
The first year of planting of the zero-seed breeding is selected, and the weight of a single planting branch is about 45 g. Before sowing, 150 ml of 4.23% metalaxyl-ipconazole microemulsion is added with 50kg of water to soak seeds, 200kg of seeds are soaked and planted for 30 minutes, and the seeds are dried in shade to be sown.
When in sowing, the seeds are planted in the sowing ditch according to the plant spacing of 10 cm, and the fine soil with the density of about 8cm is covered, and the planting density is 1.1 ten thousand plants per mu.
A labyrinth drip irrigation belt is selected, and the drip irrigation belt is paved on each row of planting furrows in time after the Chinese yam is sowed.
The Chinese yam starts to be put up after the seedling emergence, the vines are about 30cm in height, and bamboo poles with the height of 2.5m are adopted for herringbone frame cultivation.
The water-soluble fertilizer is applied in the growth period, the rhizome extension period and the rhizome expansion period of the Chinese yam, and the nitrogen fertilizer application amount ratio in the three periods is 3:4:2.
the growth period of the stems and leaves is mainly high nitrogen type water-soluble fertilizer, 6kg of pure nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer (P) 2 O 5 ) 3kg, potash fertilizer (K) 2 O) 3kg, 2 dressing steps, each time interval 10 days; the rhizome extension period and the expansion period are mainly high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer, 8kg of pure nitrogen and 8kg of phosphate fertilizer (P) 2 O 5 ) 6kg, potash fertilizer (K) 2 O) 12kg, carrying out dressing for 4 times at intervals of 8 days; dressing 4kg of pure nitrogen and phosphate fertilizer (P) in the rhizome expanding period 2 O 5 ) 4kg, potash fertilizer (K) 2 O) 10kg, 2 additional applications each at 10 day intervals.
Comparative example 2
In the regions of the focal crop, the soil plots with higher topography are selected from the Wu county and the Wu ascend county, and the Chinese yam is not planted in the previous 8 years. The base fertilizer is applied with all organic fertilizer and part of fertilizer, 400kg of commercial organic fertilizer is applied per mu, 6kg of pure nitrogen and phosphate fertilizer (P 2 O 5 ) 3.5kg, potash fertilizer (K) 2 O) 7kg, and uniformly broadcasting.
Subsoiling soil is selected by a subsoiling machine, the Chinese yam planting furrows are subsoiled by 60cm according to equal row spacing, and the subsoiling depth is 110 cm.
The first year of planting of the zero-seed breeding is selected, and the weight of a single planting branch is about 45 g. Before sowing, 150 ml of 4.23% metalaxyl-ipconazole microemulsion is added with 50kg of water to soak seeds, 200kg of seeds are soaked and planted for 30 minutes, and the seeds are dried in shade to be sown.
When in sowing, the seeds are planted in the sowing ditch according to the plant spacing of 10 cm, and the fine soil with the density of about 8cm is covered, and the planting density is 1.1 ten thousand plants per mu.
A labyrinth drip irrigation belt is selected, and the drip irrigation belt is paved on each row of planting furrows in time after the Chinese yam is sowed.
The Chinese yam starts to be put up after the seedling emergence, the vines are about 30cm in height, and bamboo poles with the height of 2.5m are adopted for herringbone frame cultivation.
The water-soluble fertilizer is applied in the growth period, the rhizome extension period and the rhizome expansion period of the Chinese yam, and the nitrogen fertilizer application amount ratio in the three periods is 1:1:1.
dressing 8kg of pure nitrogen and phosphate fertilizer (P) in the growth period of stems and leaves 2 O 5 ) 8kg, potash fertilizer (K) 2 O) 8kg, 2 times of dressing, each time interval 10 days; 8kg of pure nitrogen and 8kg of phosphate fertilizer (P) are applied in the rhizome extension period 2 O 5 ) 8kg, potash fertilizer (K) 2 O) 8kg, carrying out dressing for 4 times at intervals of 8 days; 8kg of pure nitrogen and 8kg of phosphate fertilizer (P) are applied in the rhizome expanding period 2 O 5 ) 8kg, potash fertilizer (K) 2 O) 8kg, 2 additional applications each at 10 day intervals.
From the results, the average acre yield of the Chinese yam of example 2 is 1827.5kg, the average acre yield of comparative example 2 is 1670.5kg, and the average yield of example 2 is increased by 19.4% compared with that of comparative example 2.
The average content of dioscin in the Chinese yam planted in example 2 is 0.0304%, which is 7.2% higher than that in comparative example 2.
The average content of allantoin in the Chinese yam planted in example 2 is 0.0733%, which is improved by 10% compared with comparative example 2.
Example 2 had an average nitrogen application per mu of 24kg, comparative example 2 had an average nitrogen application per mu of 30kg, and the nitrogen fertilizer application reduction was 20%.
Example 2 the average application amount of the phosphorus-potassium fertilizer per mu is 48.5kg, the average application amount of the phosphorus-potassium fertilizer per mu of comparative example 2 is 58.5kg, and the application amount of the phosphorus-potassium fertilizer per mu is reduced by 10 kg.
In order to determine the application effect of the Chinese yam on the base dressing application modes with different proportions, the project group develops the influence of different base dressing ratios of the nitrogen fertilizer on the yield and quality of the Chinese yam in two places of the city, the county and the Wu ascend of the Coke of Henan province in 2021 to 2022.
Example 3
In the region of the focal crop, the sandy soil plots with higher topography are not planted in the 8 years of the previous crop selection in the county of the temperature and the county of the Wu ascend. All organic fertilizer and part of fertilizer are applied on the base, the application amount of the commercial organic fertilizer is 450kg per mu, the pure nitrogen of the fertilizer is 5kg per mu, and the phosphate fertilizer (P 2 O 5 ) 3kg, potash fertilizer (K) 2 O) 6kg, and uniformly broadcasting.
Subsoiling soil is selected by a subsoiling machine, and the Chinese yam planting furrows are subsoiled by equal row spacing of 70cm, and the subsoiling depth is 120 cm.
The first year of planting of the zero-seed breeding is selected, and the weight of a single planting branch is about 50g. Before sowing, 150 ml of 4.23% metalaxyl-ipconazole microemulsion is added with 40kg of water for seed soaking, 300kg of seed soaking is planted for 30 minutes, and the seed sowing can be carried out after drying in the shade.
When in sowing, the seeds are planted in the sowing ditch according to the plant spacing of 10 cm, and the fine soil with the density of about 8cm is covered, and the planting density of 0.95 ten thousand plants per mu is planted.
And a labyrinth drip irrigation belt is selected, and after the Chinese yam is sown, the drip irrigation belt is paved on each row of planting furrows in time.
After the Chinese yam seedlings emerge, the vines are erected about 30cm in height, and the bamboo poles with the height of 2.5m are adopted for herringbone erection cultivation.
The water-soluble fertilizer is applied in the growth period, the rhizome extension period and the rhizome expansion period of the Chinese yam, and the nitrogen fertilizer application amount ratio in the three periods is 3:4:2.
the growth period of the stems and leaves is mainly high nitrogen type water-soluble fertilizer, 6kg of pure nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer (P) 2 O 5 ) 2.5kg, potash fertilizer (K) 2 O) 2.5kg, dressing 3 times each time for 10 days; the rhizome extension period and the expansion period are mainly high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer, 9kg of pure nitrogen and 9kg of phosphate fertilizer (P) 2 O 5 ) 6kg, potash fertilizer (K) 2 O) 15kg, carrying out dressing for 4 times at intervals of 8 days; dressing 5kg of pure nitrogen and phosphate fertilizer (P) in the rhizome expanding period 2 O 5 ) 5kg, potash fertilizer (K) 2 O) 15kg, applying in 3 times at intervalsFor 10 days.
Comparative example 3
In the region of the focal crop, the sandy soil plots with higher topography are not planted in the 8 years of the previous crop selection in the county of the temperature and the county of the Wu ascend. All organic fertilizer and part of fertilizer are applied on the base, the application amount of the commercial organic fertilizer is 450kg per mu, the pure nitrogen of the fertilizer is 9kg per mu, and the phosphate fertilizer (P 2 O 5 ) 5.5kg, potash fertilizer (K) 2 O) 11kg, and uniformly broadcasting.
Subsoiling soil is selected by a subsoiling machine, and the Chinese yam planting furrows are subsoiled by equal row spacing of 70cm, and the subsoiling depth is 120 cm.
The first year of planting of the zero-seed breeding is selected, and the weight of a single planting branch is about 50g. Before sowing, 150 ml of 4.23% metalaxyl-ipconazole microemulsion is added with 40kg of water for seed soaking, 300kg of seed soaking is planted for 30 minutes, and the seed sowing can be carried out after drying in the shade.
When in sowing, the seeds are planted in the sowing ditch according to the plant spacing of 10 cm, and the fine soil with the density of about 8cm is covered, and the planting density of 0.95 ten thousand plants per mu is planted.
And a labyrinth drip irrigation belt is selected, and after the Chinese yam is sown, the drip irrigation belt is paved on each row of planting furrows in time.
After the Chinese yam seedlings emerge, the vines are erected about 30cm in height, and the bamboo poles with the height of 2.5m are adopted for herringbone erection cultivation.
The water-soluble fertilizer is applied in the growth period, the rhizome extension period and the rhizome expansion period of the Chinese yam, and the nitrogen fertilizer application amount ratio in the three periods is 3:4:2.
the growth period of the stems and leaves is mainly high nitrogen type water-soluble fertilizer, 6kg of pure nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer (P) 2 O 5 ) 2.5kg, potash fertilizer (K) 2 O) 2.5kg, dressing 3 times each time for 10 days; the rhizome extension period and the expansion period are mainly high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer, 9kg of pure nitrogen and 9kg of phosphate fertilizer (P) 2 O 5 ) 6kg, potash fertilizer (K) 2 O) 15kg, carrying out dressing for 4 times at intervals of 8 days; 6kg of pure nitrogen and 6kg of phosphate fertilizer (P) are applied in the rhizome expanding period 2 O 5 ) 6kg, potash fertilizer (K) 2 O) 18kg, 3 additional applications each at 10 day intervals.
From the results, the average acreage yield of example 3 is 1680.3kg, the average acreage yield of comparative example 3 is 1540kg, and the average yield of example 3 is 9.1% higher than that of comparative example 3.
The average content of dioscin in the Chinese yam planted in example 3 is 0.0283%, which is 8.3% higher than that in comparative example 3.
The average content of allantoin in the Chinese yam planted in example 3 is 0.0837%, which is improved by 12.4% compared with comparative example 3.
The average nitrogen amount applied per mu of example 3 is 25kg, the average nitrogen amount applied per mu of comparative example 3 is 30kg, and the nitrogen fertilizer application reduction amount is reduced by 16.7%.
The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, but various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A Chinese yam nitrogenous fertilizer decrement proportioning fertilization cultivation method is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
selecting a land block which is not planted with the Chinese yam for many years and has high topography as a cultivation land;
soil preparation is carried out before sowing, base fertilizer application is carried out, and the application standard of commercial organic fertilizer is as follows: 250-300 kg of clay soil per mu, 350-400 kg of loam soil per mu and 400-450 kg of sandy soil per mu; the application standard of nitrogen in the nitrogen fertilizer is as follows: 6-8 kg of clay soil per mu, 5-7 kg of loam soil per mu and 3-5 kg of sandy soil per mu;
deeply loosening soil on the cultivation land to obtain a Chinese yam planting ditch, wherein the deep loosening depth is 100-120 cm;
selecting seed plants which are continuously used for not more than 3 years, soaking the seeds with seed dressing agent before sowing, sowing after drying in shade, and paving drip irrigation tapes after sowing is completed;
the additional fertilizer is carried out by adopting a drip irrigation water-fertilizer integrated technology in the growing period, the rhizome extending period and the rhizome expanding period of the Chinese yam, the high-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer is applied in the growing period of the stems and the leaves, and the high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer is applied in the rhizome extending period and the expanding period.
2. The method for cultivating Chinese yam by nitrogenous fertilizer decrement proportioning fertilization according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the cultivation land is 8 years in which Chinese yam is not planted.
3. The method for cultivating Chinese yam by nitrogenous fertilizer decrement proportioning fertilization according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the base fertilizer, the chemical fertilizer comprises the following components: nitrogen fertilizer 3-8 kg, P 2 O 5 1.8-4.7 kg, K 2 O is 3.6-9.4 kg.
4. The method for cultivating Chinese yam by nitrogenous fertilizer decrement proportioning fertilization according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the seed soaking method of the seed dressing agent comprises the following steps: seed planting is carried out by adopting a metalaxyl-ipconazole microemulsion solution for seed soaking for 15-30 min.
5. The method for cultivating Chinese yam by nitrogenous fertilizer decrement proportioning fertilization according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the drip irrigation belt is a labyrinth type or patch type drip irrigation belt.
6. The method for cultivating Chinese yam by nitrogenous fertilizer decrement proportioning fertilization according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: when the height of the Chinese yam plant is 30cm, the Chinese yam plant starts to be put up and is cultivated by adopting an overhead cultivation mode; the height of the frame is 2-2.5 m.
7. The method for cultivating Chinese yam by nitrogenous fertilizer decrement proportioning fertilization according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the weight of each seed is 40-50 g.
8. The method for cultivating Chinese yam by nitrogenous fertilizer decrement proportioning fertilization according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the nitrogen fertilizer application amount in the growth period, rhizome extension period and rhizome expansion period of the Chinese yam is 2.5-3.5:3-5:1.5-2.5.
9. The method for cultivating Chinese yam by nitrogenous fertilizer decrement proportioning fertilization according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the high-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by mass: 3 to 7 parts of nitrogenous fertilizer, P 2 O 5 1 to 3 parts of K 2 1-3 parts of O;
preferably, the high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer applied in the rhizome extension period comprises the following components in parts by mass: 4-9 parts of nitrogenous fertilizer, P 2 O 5 3 to 7 parts of K 2 O is 8-14 parts;
the high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer applied in the rhizome expanding period comprises the following components in parts by mass: 2-5 parts of nitrogenous fertilizer, P 2 O 5 2 to 5 parts of K 2 O is 7-12 parts.
10. The method for cultivating Chinese yam by nitrogenous fertilizer decrement proportioning fertilization according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the time of additional fertilization of the mucilage and loam soil in the growth period of the stems and leaves is 2-3 times, and the time of additional fertilization of sandy soil is 3-4 times;
the rhizome is extended, the additional fertilization times of the mucilage and loam soil are 3-4 times, and the additional fertilization times of sandy soil are 4-5 times;
in the rhizome expanding period, the additional fertilization times of the clay soil are 2-3 times, and the additional fertilization times of the loam soil and the sandy soil are 3-4 times.
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