CN117144264B - 轻水反应堆燃料组件用铁素体耐热合金、制造方法与应用 - Google Patents
轻水反应堆燃料组件用铁素体耐热合金、制造方法与应用 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN117144264B CN117144264B CN202311423936.0A CN202311423936A CN117144264B CN 117144264 B CN117144264 B CN 117144264B CN 202311423936 A CN202311423936 A CN 202311423936A CN 117144264 B CN117144264 B CN 117144264B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- alloy
- fuel assembly
- water reactor
- light water
- reactor fuel
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 104
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 104
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 239000003758 nuclear fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005097 cold rolling Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005098 hot rolling Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001192 hot extrusion Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 abstract description 23
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 abstract description 16
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 16
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910001093 Zr alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 210000001787 dendrite Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004992 fission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- -1 oxygen anions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012736 aqueous medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002285 radioactive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002915 spent fuel radioactive waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003856 thermoforming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004584 weight gain Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019786 weight gain Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C3/00—Reactor fuel elements and their assemblies; Selection of substances for use as reactor fuel elements
- G21C3/02—Fuel elements
- G21C3/04—Constructional details
- G21C3/06—Casings; Jackets
- G21C3/07—Casings; Jackets characterised by their material, e.g. alloys
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/26—Methods of annealing
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/0205—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips of ferrous alloys
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/0221—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the working steps
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/0221—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the working steps
- C21D8/0226—Hot rolling
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/0221—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the working steps
- C21D8/0236—Cold rolling
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/0247—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the heat treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/06—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of rods or wires
- C21D8/065—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of rods or wires of ferrous alloys
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/10—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of tubular bodies
- C21D8/105—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of tubular bodies of ferrous alloys
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/002—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/005—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing rare earths, i.e. Sc, Y, Lanthanides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/008—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing tin
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/22—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with molybdenum or tungsten
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/28—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with titanium or zirconium
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C3/00—Reactor fuel elements and their assemblies; Selection of substances for use as reactor fuel elements
- G21C3/02—Fuel elements
- G21C3/04—Constructional details
- G21C3/06—Casings; Jackets
- G21C3/10—End closures ; Means for tight mounting therefor
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C3/00—Reactor fuel elements and their assemblies; Selection of substances for use as reactor fuel elements
- G21C3/30—Assemblies of a number of fuel elements in the form of a rigid unit
- G21C3/32—Bundles of parallel pin-, rod-, or tube-shaped fuel elements
- G21C3/34—Spacer grids
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C7/00—Control of nuclear reaction
- G21C7/06—Control of nuclear reaction by application of neutron-absorbing material, i.e. material with absorption cross-section very much in excess of reflection cross-section
- G21C7/08—Control of nuclear reaction by application of neutron-absorbing material, i.e. material with absorption cross-section very much in excess of reflection cross-section by displacement of solid control elements, e.g. control rods
- G21C7/12—Means for moving control elements to desired position
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/005—Ferrite
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)
Abstract
一种轻水反应堆燃料组件用铁素体耐热合金,按质量比计,其成分包括:9.0%‑11.5%的Cr,5.0%‑6.0%的Al,1.2%‑2.0%的Mo,0.10%‑0.50%的Sn,0.0005%‑0.03%的Be,0.03%‑0.35%的Y+Zr,其中Zr控制在0.008%‑0.05%,余量为Fe和不可避免的杂质,杂质中的C+N含量不超过0.001%。该耐热合金具有良好的抗高温氧化性能,在反应堆发生冷却剂丧失事故时能够保持燃料组件结构完整,提高反应堆安全性。本发明还提供一种轻水反应堆燃料组件用铁素体耐热合金的制造方法以及一种轻水反应堆燃料组件用铁素体耐热合金的应用。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于核电领域,具体涉及一种轻水反应堆燃料组件用铁素体耐热合金、制造方法与应用。
背景技术
水冷核电厂现有的燃料元件包壳采用锆合金,锆合金的中子俘获截面低,具有良好的耐高温高压水腐蚀性能、良好的综合力学性能和较高的导热性能。然而,在反应堆发生冷却剂丧失事故(Loss of Coolant Accident,LOCA)异常升温时,锆合金与水介质发生激烈反应,会导致燃料元件包壳破裂。因此,寻找更加安全的包壳材料,是水冷核电厂燃料组件开发的重要课题。
国际核工业界提出了耐事故燃料(Accident Tolerant Fuel,ATF)的概念,并将FeCrAl合金作为ATF燃料元件的候选包壳材料。研究已表明,如果将水冷核电厂现役核燃料元件的包壳材料由锆合金更换为FeCrAl合金,为了确保包壳的中子经济性,燃料元件包壳的壁厚就要由0.57mm减薄至0.30mm ,相应的,包壳材料的强度增加80%以上才能够确保包壳的承载能力。
在LOCA过程中,FeCrAl合金包壳因高温水蒸气的氧化而要减薄,合金包壳的承载能力要相应降低。因此,增强FeCrAl合金包壳的抗高温氧化性能,对于提高ATF燃料元件安全性十分重要。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于,提供一种轻水反应堆燃料组件用铁素体耐热合金,该耐热合金对LOCA具有良好的承受能力并具有良好的抗中子辐照能力。本发明还提供一种轻水反应堆燃料组件用耐热合金制造方法与应用。
根据本发明一个方面的实施例,提供一种轻水反应堆燃料组件用铁素体耐热合金,按质量比计,其成分包括:9.0%-11.5%的Cr,5.0%-6.0%的Al,1.2%-2.0%的Mo,0.10%-0.50%的Sn,0.0005%-0.03%的Be,0.03%-0.35%的Y+Zr,其中Zr控制在0.008%-0.05%,余量为Fe和不可避免的杂质,其中杂质中的C+N含量不超过0.001%。
在该耐热合金中,Cr是基本的合金元素,以固溶形式存在于合金基体中,确保了合金的强度和耐腐蚀/氧化性能。合金元素Mo主要是强化合金,并改善了合金的耐腐蚀/氧化性能。合金元素Al以固溶形式存在于合金的铁素体基体中,在高温条件下发生选择性氧化而在合金表面形成一层致密的Al2O3层,确保合金的高温抗氧化性,进而降低冷却剂丧失事故发生时包壳破裂的风险。添加合金元素Be和Sn,主要目的是增强合金的抗高温氧化性能。在900℃—1400℃的高温下,Be和Sn均全部固溶在合金的铁素体基体中,当Al生成Al2O3时Be生成氧化物并掺杂Al2O3,Be氧化物与Al2O3一起形成合金表面的氧化膜,Sn则以阳离子形式存在于Al2O3中。Be氧化物比Al2O3更为致密,从而增强了合金的抗高温氧化性能。Al2O3中的Sn阳离子起“钉扎”作用,降低了氧阴离子的迁移率,从而降低了合金的高温氧化速率。由于Be、Sn增强了合金的抗高温氧化性能,因此,可适当降低合金中的Cr含量,以缓解合金的中子辐照脆化趋势。同时,Be、Sn均强化铁素体基体,并有细化基体晶粒的作用,因此,可适当降低合金中的Mo含量,以降低乏燃料的放射性。
Y的电负性低于Zr,Y的活性元素效应要强于Zr;Zr离子的半径小于Y离子,导致掺杂Zr的Al2O3的致密性要优于掺杂Y的致密性。因此,作为活性元素Y、Zr宜复合添加在合金中,其主要目的是增强表面氧化层的高温粘附性,其中Zr的含量范围控制在0.008—0.05wt%。在900℃—1400℃的高温下,合金元素Y、Zr主要固溶在铁素体基体中,而少部分Y、Zr则分别以Fe17Y2沉淀相粒子、Zr(Fe,Cr)2沉淀相粒子的形式析出,这些细小的沉淀相粒子有利于提高合金组织的高温稳定性。C、N均属奥氏体形成元素,因此,将C和N作为杂质元素进行严格控制,以避免合金基体在高温下由铁素体转变为奥氏体。
如前所述,高温下固溶在合金基体中的Be、Sn原子转变为阳离子态,或以氧化物形式掺杂Al2O3,或以阳离子形式固溶在Al2O3中,其结果是降低了表面氧化膜中氧阴离子的迁移率,从而改善了合金的抗高温氧化性能。从Be、Sn改善合金高温氧化性能的角度,Sn当量经验公式为[Sn]eq=[Sn]+15[Be],0.1wt%<[Sn]eq<0.5wt%,[Sn]是Sn含量,[Be]是Be含量,其中,[Sn]:0.1% - 0.5%,[Be]: 0.0005% - 0.03%。
进一步地,在部分实施例中,耐热合金基体组织为铁素体等轴晶。铁素体组织在高温下能够保持较好的力学性能,等轴晶组织则能够避免薄壁结构出现各向异性。
进一步地,在部分实施例中,所述轻水反应堆燃料组件用耐热合金的室温屈服强度为380MPa-630MPa,抗拉强度为550MPa-870MPa,断裂延伸率为20%-38%。
根据本发明另一个方面的实施例,提供一种轻水反应堆燃料组件用耐热合金制造方法,该方法包括以下步骤:按照前述任一实施例中所述的轻水反应堆燃料组件用耐热合金成分配比进行熔炼并浇铸,得到合金铸锭;对所述合金铸锭在1150℃-1250℃热锻,得到锻材;对所述锻材进行热成型加工,并在900℃-1100℃下退火,得到成品合金。
进一步地,在部分实施例中,所述热成型加工包括1000℃-1100℃下的热轧加工或1050℃-1150℃下的热挤压加工。
进一步地,在部分实施例中,所述锻材在退火前还包括冷轧加工。冷轧加工能够使合金基体中的晶粒充分变形,从而在退火阶段形成均匀的等轴晶结构。
进一步地,所述成品合金为管材、棒材或板材。
根据本发明又一个方面的实施例,提供一种轻水反应堆燃料组件用耐热合金的应用,采用前述任一实施例中所述的轻水反应堆燃料组件用耐热合金,经过前述任一实施例中的轻水反应堆燃料组件用耐热合金制造方法,制造为轻水反应堆燃料组件的包壳、导向管或格架。
附图说明
图1为一实施例中轻水反应堆燃料元件结构示意图;
图2为一实施例与一对比例1200℃氧化性能对比示意图。
附图标记的含义:1-端塞,2-包壳,3-压紧弹簧,4-UO2燃料芯块。
上述附图的目的在于对本发明作出详细说明,以便本领域技术人员能够理解本发明的技术构思,而非旨在限制本发明。为了表达简洁,上述附图仅示意性地画出了与本发明技术特征有关的结构,并未严格按照实际比例画出完整结构与全部细节。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体实施例结合附图对本发明作出进一步的详细说明。
本文中提及“实施例”意味着,结合实施例描述的特定特征、结构或特性可以包含在本文的至少一个实施例中。在说明书的各个位置出现的该短语并不一定指代同一实施例,也并非限定为互斥的独立或备选的实施例。本领域技术人员应当能够理解,在不发生结构冲突的前提下本文中的实施例可以与其他实施例相结合。
本文的描述中,“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”、“横向”、“纵向”、“高度”、“长度”、“宽度”等指示方位或位置关系的术语目的在于准确描述实施例和简化描述,而非限定所涉及的零件或结构必须具有特定的方位、以特定方位安装或操作,不能理解为对本文中实施例的限制。本文的描述中,“多个”的含义是至少两个。
水冷核反应堆用燃料元件采用棒状结构,其结构如图1所示。目前,燃料元件的包壳2采用锆合金制造,多枚饼状的UO2燃料芯块4堆垛在包壳2内部,两端由端塞1封闭,在包壳2内设置有压紧弹簧3将UO2燃料芯块4压紧。UO2燃料芯块4在包壳2内发生裂变反应并放热,包壳2容纳UO2燃料芯块4,提供结构支撑并将其与反应堆中的冷却水隔离开。在反应堆正常运行过程中,冷却水不断带走包壳2的热量,燃料棒的产热与散热处于平衡状态。而一旦反应堆发生冷却剂丧失事故,燃料棒的产热与散热平衡被打破,温度不断上升。当燃料棒温度超过锆合金耐受限度,锆合金将开始与水发生激烈反应,进而导致包壳2结构破损,其中的放射性裂变产物泄漏导致事故。因此,为了提高燃料棒的安全性,需要设计耐受温度更高、强度更好、耐腐蚀性更好的材料用于燃料组件的制造。
为了解决上述问题,本发明的一个实施例提供一种轻水反应堆燃料组件用耐热合金。该耐热合金通过以下方法制造:
首先,通过熔炼获得合金铸锭。按质量比计,原料成分包括:11.0%的Cr,6.0%的Al,2.0%的Mo,0.45%的Sn,0.002%的Be,0.10%的Y,0.01%的Zr,余量为Fe和不可避免的杂质,杂质中的C+N含量不超过0.001%。利用真空感应炉对原料进行熔炼,随后浇铸得到合金铸锭。
接下来,对合金铸锭在1200℃下进行热锻,打碎铸锭内部的枝晶,消除气孔等内部缺陷,得到合金锻件。将合金锻件在1100℃下进行热轧,得到热轧板材,对热轧板材进行冷轧加工得到冷轧板,在1000℃下完全退火得到成品合金板。该合金板经切割和加工后制成轻水反应堆燃料组件的格架及条带。
在一个对比例中,一超低碳耐热合金对比例的成分为:11.0%的Cr,6.0%的Al,2.0%的Mo,0.10%的Y,0.01%的Zr,余量为Fe和不可避免的杂质,其中杂质中的C+N含量不超过0.001%。采用与前述实施例相同的加工工艺对对比例合金进行加工,得到成品合金板。
分别对前述实施例与对比例中的成品合金板在1200℃下进行氧化试验,其结果如图2所示,其中A曲线代表对比例成品合金板,B曲线代表实施例成品合金板。可见实施例所提供的合金板的高温抗氧化性能显著优于对比例,在1200℃下氧化4h,对比例合金板氧化增重约3.2μg/mm2,实施例合金板氧化增重约1.7μg/mm2。
本发明的另一个实施例提供一种轻水反应堆燃料组件用耐热合金。该耐热合金通过以下方法制造:
首先,通过熔炼获得合金铸锭。按质量比计,原料成分包括:10.0%的Cr,5.0%的Al,1.5%的Mo,0.15%的Sn,0.02%的Be,0.25%的Y,0.05%的Zr,余量为Fe和不可避免的杂质,其中杂质中的C+N含量不超过0.001%。利用真空感应炉对原料进行熔炼,随后浇铸得到合金铸锭。
接下来,对合金铸锭在1150℃下进行热锻,打碎铸锭内部的枝晶,消除气孔等内部缺陷,得到合金锻件。将合金锻件进行热挤压得到管坯,并在1050℃下对管坯进行热轧,得到热轧管材,对热轧管材进行冷轧加工得到壁厚0.3mm的冷轧管,在900℃下完全退火得到成品合金管。该成品合金管经切割后制造轻水反应堆燃料组件的燃料元件包壳2以及控制棒导向管。
本发明的又一个实施例提供一种轻水反应堆燃料组件用耐热合金。该耐热合金通过以下方法制造:
首先,通过熔炼获得合金铸锭。按质量比计,原料成分包括:10.0%的Cr,5.5%的Al,1.2%的Mo,0.30%的Sn,0.01%的Be,0.20%的Y,0.01%的Zr,余量为Fe和不可避免的杂质,其中杂质中的C+N含量不超过0.001%。利用真空感应炉对原料进行熔炼,随后浇铸得到合金铸锭。
接下来,对合金铸锭在1250℃下进行热锻,打碎铸锭内部的枝晶,消除气孔等内部缺陷,得到合金锻件。将合金锻件切割,并在1150℃下进行热轧,得到热轧棒材,对热轧棒材进行冷轧加工得到冷轧棒材,在1100℃下完全退火得到成品耐热合金棒材。该成品耐热合金棒材经切割后制造轻水反应堆燃料组件的燃料元件的端塞1。
上述实施例的目的在于结合附图对本发明作出进一步的详细说明,以便本领域技术人员能够理解本发明的技术构思。在本发明权利要求的范围内,对所涉及的成分及方法步骤进行优化或等效替换,以及在不发生原理冲突的前提下对不同实施例中的实施方式进行结合,均落入本发明的保护范围。
Claims (6)
1.一种轻水反应堆燃料组件用耐热合金,其特征在于,
其成分按质量百分比计包括:9.0%-11.5%的Cr,5.0%-6.0%的Al,1.2%-2.0%的Mo,0.10%-0.50%的Sn,0.0005%-0.03%的Be,0.03%-0.35%的Y+Zr,其中Zr控制在0.008%-0.05%,余量为Fe和不可避免的杂质,其中杂质中的C+N含量不超过0.001%;
其中Sn和Be满足:0.1wt% < [Sn]eq < 0.5wt%,[Sn]eq=[Sn]+15[Be],其中[Sn]是Sn含量,[Be]是Be含量,[Sn]eq为Sn当量;
其中,所述轻水反应堆燃料组件用耐热合金的基体为单一的铁素体组织;
所述轻水反应堆燃料组件用耐热合金的室温屈服强度为380MPa-630MPa,抗拉强度为550MPa-870MPa,断裂延伸率为20%-38%。
2.一种轻水反应堆燃料组件用耐热合金制造方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
按照如权利要求1所述的轻水反应堆燃料组件用耐热合金成分配比进行熔炼并浇铸,得到合金铸锭;
对所述合金铸锭在1150℃-1250℃热锻,得到锻材;
对所述锻材进行热成型加工,并在900℃-1100℃下退火,得到成品合金。
3.根据权利要求2所述的轻水反应堆燃料组件用耐热合金制造方法,其特征在于,所述热成型加工包括1000℃-1100℃下的热轧加工或1050℃-1150℃下的热挤压加工。
4.根据权利要求2或3所述的轻水反应堆燃料组件用耐热合金制造方法,其特征在于,所述锻材在退火前还包括冷轧加工。
5.根据权利要求2或3所述的轻水反应堆燃料组件用耐热合金制造方法,其特征在于,所述成品合金为管材、棒材或板材。
6.一种轻水反应堆燃料组件用耐热合金的应用,其特征在于,采用如权利要求1所述的轻水反应堆燃料组件用耐热合金,经过如权利要求2至5中任一所述的轻水反应堆燃料组件用耐热合金制造方法,制造为轻水反应堆燃料组件的包壳、端塞、导向管或格架。
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN202311423936.0A CN117144264B (zh) | 2023-10-31 | 2023-10-31 | 轻水反应堆燃料组件用铁素体耐热合金、制造方法与应用 |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN202311423936.0A CN117144264B (zh) | 2023-10-31 | 2023-10-31 | 轻水反应堆燃料组件用铁素体耐热合金、制造方法与应用 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN117144264A CN117144264A (zh) | 2023-12-01 |
CN117144264B true CN117144264B (zh) | 2024-02-02 |
Family
ID=88912424
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN202311423936.0A Active CN117144264B (zh) | 2023-10-31 | 2023-10-31 | 轻水反应堆燃料组件用铁素体耐热合金、制造方法与应用 |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
CN (1) | CN117144264B (zh) |
Citations (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN1802447A (zh) * | 2003-05-20 | 2006-07-12 | 山特维克知识产权股份有限公司 | 用于裂解炉的辐射管 |
CN106282784A (zh) * | 2016-10-25 | 2017-01-04 | 上海大学 | 具有低中子吸收的超高铝抗辐照耐热铁素体不锈钢合金材料及其制备方法 |
JP2019026913A (ja) * | 2017-08-02 | 2019-02-21 | 新日鐵住金ステンレス株式会社 | フェライト系ステンレス鋼板 |
CN109652628A (zh) * | 2019-02-20 | 2019-04-19 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | 一种核燃料包壳用FeCrAl合金及其制备和晶粒尺寸控制方法 |
CN110918649A (zh) * | 2019-10-16 | 2020-03-27 | 宁夏北鼎新材料产业技术有限公司 | 一种轻水反应堆包壳用FeCrAl合金管材料及其轧制方法 |
CN114457289A (zh) * | 2022-01-27 | 2022-05-10 | 上海大学 | 一种核能用含锡耐热铁素体不锈钢合金材料及其制备方法 |
CN115161564A (zh) * | 2022-07-12 | 2022-10-11 | 中国核动力研究设计院 | 一种FeCrAl不锈钢包壳管及其制备方法 |
CN115896645A (zh) * | 2022-11-22 | 2023-04-04 | 上海核工程研究设计院股份有限公司 | 一种核能用含铍铁素体不锈钢及其制备方法 |
-
2023
- 2023-10-31 CN CN202311423936.0A patent/CN117144264B/zh active Active
Patent Citations (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN1802447A (zh) * | 2003-05-20 | 2006-07-12 | 山特维克知识产权股份有限公司 | 用于裂解炉的辐射管 |
CN106282784A (zh) * | 2016-10-25 | 2017-01-04 | 上海大学 | 具有低中子吸收的超高铝抗辐照耐热铁素体不锈钢合金材料及其制备方法 |
JP2019026913A (ja) * | 2017-08-02 | 2019-02-21 | 新日鐵住金ステンレス株式会社 | フェライト系ステンレス鋼板 |
CN109652628A (zh) * | 2019-02-20 | 2019-04-19 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | 一种核燃料包壳用FeCrAl合金及其制备和晶粒尺寸控制方法 |
CN110918649A (zh) * | 2019-10-16 | 2020-03-27 | 宁夏北鼎新材料产业技术有限公司 | 一种轻水反应堆包壳用FeCrAl合金管材料及其轧制方法 |
CN114457289A (zh) * | 2022-01-27 | 2022-05-10 | 上海大学 | 一种核能用含锡耐热铁素体不锈钢合金材料及其制备方法 |
CN115161564A (zh) * | 2022-07-12 | 2022-10-11 | 中国核动力研究设计院 | 一种FeCrAl不锈钢包壳管及其制备方法 |
CN115896645A (zh) * | 2022-11-22 | 2023-04-04 | 上海核工程研究设计院股份有限公司 | 一种核能用含铍铁素体不锈钢及其制备方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN117144264A (zh) | 2023-12-01 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US7364631B2 (en) | Zirconium-based alloy having a high resistance to corrosion and to hydriding by water and steam and process for the thermomechanical transformation of the alloy | |
CN115896645B (zh) | 一种核能用含铍铁素体不锈钢及其制备方法 | |
CN110195191B (zh) | 核反应堆燃料元件包壳材料用Fe-Cr-Al合金及其制备方法 | |
CN110760760B (zh) | 一种核反应堆结构材料用FeCrAl基合金的制备方法 | |
KR101604105B1 (ko) | 우수한 내식성 및 크리프 저항성을 갖는 지르코늄 합금과 그 제조방법 | |
CN114807741B (zh) | 一种基于碳化物析出提高奥氏体不锈钢性能的方法 | |
CN103650659B (zh) | 一种核反应堆用锆基合金板材的制备方法 | |
CN110863152A (zh) | 一种核反应堆耐事故燃料元件包壳用FeCrAl基ODS合金的制备方法 | |
CN113249616A (zh) | 燃料组件用锆合金及其制备方法、燃料组件的包壳管 | |
CN103194650A (zh) | 一种Zr-1Nb合金的制备方法 | |
CN115652164A (zh) | 一种耐高温中子屏蔽用抗氢致开裂钇基合金材料、其制备方法及其应用 | |
JP6535752B2 (ja) | 多段熱間圧延を適用した核燃料用ジルコニウム部品の製造方法 | |
CN117144264B (zh) | 轻水反应堆燃料组件用铁素体耐热合金、制造方法与应用 | |
KR20090092489A (ko) | 우수한 수소취화 저항성을 갖는 지르코늄 합금 조성물 및이의 제조방법 | |
EP2943597B1 (en) | Treatment process for a zirconium alloy | |
CN113201665A (zh) | 燃料组件包壳用锆合金及其制作方法、燃料组件的包壳管 | |
JP3692006B2 (ja) | 高耐食性ジルコニウム合金、原子炉炉心用構造材およびその製造方法 | |
KR20050090456A (ko) | 평판 제품 제조용 지르코늄 합금으로 제조된 반가공 제품의제조방법 및 이의 용도 | |
JP3389018B2 (ja) | 耐水素吸収性のすぐれたジルコニウム合金 | |
CN115612924B (zh) | 一种铅铋堆用铁素体/马氏体耐热钢及其制备方法 | |
CN116790940B (zh) | 一种核屏蔽用镍基合金及其制造方法 | |
CN115612926B (zh) | 一种铅铋堆用铁素体/马氏体耐热钢及其制备方法 | |
CN110835716B (zh) | 一种核反应堆堆芯用FeCrAl基ODS合金的制备方法 | |
JP2600057B2 (ja) | 高耐食原子燃料用被覆管、スペーサ及びチャンネルボックスとその燃料集合体並びにその製造法 | |
JPS6239222B2 (zh) |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PB01 | Publication | ||
PB01 | Publication | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
GR01 | Patent grant | ||
GR01 | Patent grant |