CN117143013A - 一种2-氯烟酸的合成方法 - Google Patents
一种2-氯烟酸的合成方法 Download PDFInfo
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- IBRSSZOHCGUTHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chloropyridine-3-carboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CN=C1Cl IBRSSZOHCGUTHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 238000001308 synthesis method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- KHPAGGHFIDLUMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chloropyridine-3-carbaldehyde Chemical compound ClC1=NC=CC=C1C=O KHPAGGHFIDLUMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000012320 chlorinating reagent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- DNTYEVWEOFZXFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-oxo-1h-pyridine-3-carbaldehyde Chemical compound O=CC1=CC=CNC1=O DNTYEVWEOFZXFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000005660 chlorination reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- -1 2-chloronicotinyl aldehyde Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- AUONHKJOIZSQGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxophosphane Chemical compound P=O AUONHKJOIZSQGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- UKVIEHSSVKSQBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane;palladium Chemical compound C.[Pd] UKVIEHSSVKSQBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 31
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 29
- UCPYLLCMEDAXFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphosgene Chemical compound ClC(Cl)(Cl)OC(=O)OC(Cl)(Cl)Cl UCPYLLCMEDAXFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 16
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- FIQMHBFVRAXMOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylphosphane oxide Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 FIQMHBFVRAXMOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
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- UBOXGVDOUJQMTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2-trichloroethane Chemical compound ClCC(Cl)Cl UBOXGVDOUJQMTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- SCYULBFZEHDVBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-Dichloroethane Chemical compound CC(Cl)Cl SCYULBFZEHDVBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
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- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- HCUYBXPSSCRKRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphosgene Chemical group ClC(=O)OC(Cl)(Cl)Cl HCUYBXPSSCRKRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- ZSSWXNPRLJLCDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-diethylphosphorylethane Chemical compound CCP(=O)(CC)CC ZSSWXNPRLJLCDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- TVQZAMVBTVNYLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pranoprofen Chemical compound C1=CC=C2CC3=CC(C(C(O)=O)C)=CC=C3OC2=N1 TVQZAMVBTVNYLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- WYEMLYFITZORAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N boscalid Chemical compound C1=CC(Cl)=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1NC(=O)C1=CC=CN=C1Cl WYEMLYFITZORAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- RONZAEMNMFQXRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N mirtazapine Chemical compound C1C2=CC=CN=C2N2CCN(C)CC2C2=CC=CC=C21 RONZAEMNMFQXRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D213/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D213/60—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D213/78—Carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms, with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals
- C07D213/79—Acids; Esters
- C07D213/80—Acids; Esters in position 3
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D213/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D213/60—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D213/61—Halogen atoms or nitro radicals
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D213/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D213/60—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D213/78—Carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms, with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals
- C07D213/79—Acids; Esters
- C07D213/803—Processes of preparation
- C07D213/807—Processes of preparation by oxidation of pyridines or condensed pyridines
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种2‑氯烟酸的合成方法,包括:在氧膦催化剂的催化作用下,将2‑羟基烟醛与氯化剂进行氯化反应生成2‑氯烟醛;在钯碳催化剂的催化作用下,将2‑氯烟醛与碱混合后通入空气进行氧化反应生成2‑氯烟酸。本发明合成方法步骤简洁,安全简便,能降低成本,环保效益高,提高反应的收率,产物单一,更加适应产业化生产。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种2-氯烟酸的合成方法,属于有机中间体合成技术领域。
背景技术
2-氯烟酸作为医药和农药中间体,主要用于农药和医药的合成;在农药方面主要用于合成啶酰菌胺、烟嘧磺隆、吡氟酰草胺;在医药方面,主要用于合成奈韦拉平、米氮平、普拉洛芬、尼氟灭酸、烟甲灭酸等。在应用方面,农药领域对于2-氯烟酸需求较高,2-氯烟酸在医药领域需求相对较少,年消费量约为0.1万吨。再细分来看,目前2-氯烟酸在农药领域应用需求最高的是烟嘧磺隆,主要用于玉米除草,在医药领域需求最高的是奈韦拉平,是一种抗HIV药物。
关于2-氯烟酸的制备方法,文献中已有很多报道。其中最为常见方法是:3-氰基吡啶先进行氧化为3-氰基吡啶氮氧化物,再与三氯氧磷和三乙胺进行氯化反应,最后水解得到产品。该方法由于使用三氯氧磷在后续会产生大量的含磷废水,生产难以合格排放,对成本的要求高,不利于工业化生产,并且在氯化过程会生成异构体6-氯3-氰基吡啶导致后处理较为复杂。
发明内容
本发明的主要目的是:克服现有技术存在的问题,提供一种2-氯烟酸的合成方法,步骤简洁,安全简便,采用无磷试剂具有环保效益,溶剂和催化剂可循环套用,利于降低生产成本。
本发明解决其技术问题的技术方案如下:
一种2-氯烟酸的合成方法,包括以下步骤:
第一步、在催化剂的催化作用下,将2-羟基烟醛与氯化剂进行氯化反应生成2-氯烟醛;催化剂为氧膦催化剂;其中,催化剂:2-羟基烟醛的当量比为0.05-0.2:1;氯化剂:2-羟基烟醛的当量比为0.5-5:1。
第二步、在催化剂的催化作用下,将2-氯烟醛与碱混合后通入空气进行氧化反应生成2-氯烟酸;催化剂为钯碳催化剂;其中,催化剂:2-氯烟醛的重量比为0.01-0.05:1;碱:2-氯烟醛的当量比为1.0-5.0:1。
该方法中,氯化反应使用无磷氯化剂,减少后续废水处理压力,显著降低了生产成本;两步反应采用的催化剂均为常用试剂,并且可循环套用。
本发明进一步完善的技术方案如下:
优选地,第一步的具体过程为:
在反应器中,加入溶剂和2-羟基烟醛,搅拌下加入催化剂,升温,滴加氯化剂,滴完升温搅拌反应,反应完毕后回收溶剂,将剩余物经蒸馏得到2-氯烟醛。
更优选地,先升温并保持在40℃~80℃,再滴加氯化剂;搅拌反应时,反应温度为60℃~100℃,反应时间为2~10小时。
更优选地,蒸馏的具体方式为在真空度200-300Pa且气相温度106℃~110℃下进行减压蒸馏。
更优选地,溶剂:2-羟基烟醛的重量比为2-10:1;溶剂为氯仿、二氯甲烷、二氯乙烷、1,1,2-三氯乙烷中的一种或至少两种的混合物。
更优选地,氧膦催化剂为三苯基氧膦、三甲基氧膦、三乙基氧膦中的一种或至少两种的混合物;氯化剂为双光气、三光气之一或其混合物。
更优选地,氧膦催化剂为三苯基氧膦;当氯化剂为三光气时,先取适量溶剂与三光气混合得到三光气溶液,再滴加入反应器中。
采用以上优选方案,可进一步优化第一步的具体细节技术特征。
优选地,第二步的具体过程为:
将2-氯烟醛投入反应器中,加入水,搅拌下加入催化剂和碱,升温后通入空气进行反应;反应结束后降至室温,过滤后将滤液在搅拌下滴加盐酸,当pH为1~2时停止滴加,搅拌后,抽滤、水洗、干燥,得到2-氯烟酸。
更优选地,反应时的反应温度为40℃~90℃,反应时间为6~18小时。
更优选地,钯碳催化剂为Pd-Te/C、Pd-Sb/C、Pd-Sn/C、Pd-Bi/C中的一种或至少两种的混合物;碱为氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、碳酸钠、碳酸钾中的一种或至少两种的混合物。
更优选地,水:2-氯烟醛的重量比为4-6:1;停止滴加盐酸后的搅拌时间为至少0.5小时。
本发明以2-羟基烟醛为原料,先与氯化剂进行氯化反应生成2-氯烟醛,再通过氧化反应得到2-氯烟酸;总收率可达85%以上,产品纯度可达99.9%以上;氯化反应使用无磷氯化剂,减少后续废水处理压力,显著降低了生产成本;氧化反应采用碱环境下使用催化剂进行空气氧化;整体工艺均采用常用试剂和溶剂,且溶剂和催化剂可循环套用,从而进一步降低生产成本。
本发明合成方法步骤简洁,安全简便,能降低成本,环保效益高,提高反应的收率,产物单一,更加适应产业化生产。
附图说明
图1为本发明的第一步反应原理图。
图2为本发明的第二步反应原理图。
图3为本发明实施例1中2-氯烟醛的质谱图。
图4为本发明实施例1中产品的HPLC图。
图5为本发明实施例1中产品的质谱图。
具体实施方式
本发明具体实施的2-氯烟酸的合成方法,包括以下步骤:
第一步、如图1所示,在催化剂的催化作用下,将2-羟基烟醛与氯化剂进行氯化反应生成2-氯烟醛;催化剂为氧膦催化剂。
具体而言,第一步的具体过程为:
在反应器中,加入溶剂和2-羟基烟醛,搅拌下加入催化剂,升温,滴加氯化剂,滴完升温搅拌反应,反应完毕后回收溶剂,将剩余物经蒸馏得到2-氯烟醛。
其中,先升温并保持在40℃~80℃,再滴加氯化剂;搅拌反应时,反应温度为60℃~100℃,反应时间为2~10小时。
溶剂:2-羟基烟醛的重量比为2-10:1。溶剂为氯仿、二氯甲烷、二氯乙烷、1,1,2-三氯乙烷中的一种或至少两种的混合物。
催化剂:2-羟基烟醛的当量比为0.05-0.2:1。氧膦催化剂为三苯基氧膦、三甲基氧膦、三乙基氧膦中的一种或至少两种的混合物,优选为三苯基氧膦。
氯化剂:2-羟基烟醛的当量比为0.5-5:1。氯化剂为双光气、三光气之一或其混合物。当氯化剂为三光气时,先取适量溶剂与三光气混合得到三光气溶液,再滴加入反应器中。
此外,蒸馏的具体方式为在真空度200-300Pa且气相温度106℃~110℃下进行减压蒸馏。
第二步、如图2所示,在催化剂的催化作用下,将2-氯烟醛与碱混合后通入空气进行氧化反应生成2-氯烟酸;催化剂为钯碳催化剂。
具体而言,第二步的具体过程为:
将2-氯烟醛投入反应器中,加入水,搅拌下加入催化剂和碱,升温后通入空气进行反应;反应结束后降至室温,过滤后将滤液在搅拌下滴加盐酸,当pH为1~2时停止滴加,搅拌后,抽滤、水洗、干燥,得到2-氯烟酸。
其中,反应温度为40℃~90℃,反应时间为6~18小时。
催化剂:2-氯烟醛的重量比为0.01-0.05:1。钯碳催化剂为Pd-Te/C、Pd-Sb/C、Pd-Sn/C、Pd-Bi/C中的一种或至少两种的混合物。
碱:2-氯烟醛的当量比为1.0-5.0:1。碱为氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、碳酸钠、碳酸钾中的一种或至少两种的混合物。
此外,加入的水:2-氯烟醛的重量比为4-6:1。停止滴加盐酸后的搅拌时间为至少0.5小时。
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步详细描述。但是本发明不限于所给出的例子。
实施例1
本实施例为制备2-氯烟酸的一个具体实施示例。
本实施例基本过程为上述本发明具体实施技术方案。
本实施例的一些具体细节如下:
在四口瓶中投入氯仿:250g、2-羟基烟醛:50g(0.406mol),搅拌下加入三苯基氧膦:11g(0.040mol),升温至50℃左右开始滴加双光气:80g(0.404mol),滴加完毕,升温至60℃,保温反应8小时。反应结束后回收氯仿,将残留物进行减压蒸馏得到2-氯烟醛:54.8g(真空度200-300Pa下气相温度106℃-110℃)。2-氯烟醛的质谱图如图3所示,该质谱图显示主要分子离子峰142.5(M+1),实际分子量为141.5,与2-氯烟醛(分子式C6H4ClNO)的分子量141.56基本一致。
将上述2-氯烟醛:54.8g(0.387mol)投入四口瓶中,加入水:300g,催化剂Pd-Te/C:1.5g,碳酸钾:65g(0.471mol),搅拌下升温至70℃,然后通入空气保温反应12小时,反应结束后降至室温,过滤,滤液转至四口瓶中,滴加盐酸至pH:1-2,过滤,水洗,烘干,所得产品纯度为99.97%,含有2-氯烟酸55.4g,总收率为86.6%(理论重量64g)。产品的HPLC图如图4所示,其中,主峰保留时间为6.097min,按峰面积归一化法计算,产品纯度为99.97%;产品的质谱图如图5所示,该质谱图显示主要分子离子峰158.5(M+1),实际分子量为157.5,与2-氯烟酸(分子式C6H4ClNO2)的分子量157.55基本一致。
实施例2
本实施例为制备2-氯烟酸的一个具体实施示例。
本实施例基本过程为上述本发明具体实施技术方案。
本实施例的一些具体细节如下:
在四口瓶中投入二氯乙烷:150g、2-羟基烟醛:50g(0.406mol),搅拌下加入三苯基氧膦:9.5g(0.034mol),配制三光气溶液:三光气65g(0.219mol)和二氯乙烷65g,升温至50℃左右开始滴加三光气溶液,滴加完毕,升温至80℃,保温反应4小时。反应结束后回收二氯乙烷,将残留物进行减压蒸馏得到2-氯烟醛:55.5g(真空度200-300Pa下气相温度106℃-110℃)。
将上述2-氯烟醛:55.5g(0.392mol)投入四口瓶中,加入水:300g,催化剂Pd-Sn/C:1.0g,氢氧化钠:30g(0.75mol),搅拌下升温至60℃,然后通入空气保温反应15小时,反应结束后降至室温,过滤,滤液转至四口瓶中,滴加盐酸至pH:1-2,过滤,水洗,烘干,所得产品纯度为99.96%,含有2-氯烟酸55.0g,总收率为85.9%(理论重量64g)。
实施例3
本实施例为制备2-氯烟酸的一个具体实施示例。
本实施例基本过程为上述本发明具体实施技术方案。
本实施例的一些具体细节如下:
在四口瓶中投入氯仿:150g、2-羟基烟醛:50g(0.406mol),搅拌下加入三苯基氧膦:13.1g(0.047mol),配制三光气溶液:三光气70g(0.236mol)和氯仿70g,升温至50℃左右开始滴加三光气溶液,滴加完毕,升温至60℃,保温反应8小时。反应结束后回收氯仿,将残留物进行减压蒸馏得到2-氯烟醛:55.1g(真空度200-300Pa下气相温度106℃-110℃)。
将上述2-氯烟醛:55.1g(0.389mol)投入四口瓶中,加入水:300g,催化剂Pd-Te/C:2.0g,氢氧化钠:40g(1.0mol),搅拌下升温至60℃,然后通入空气保温反应12小时,反应结束后降至室温,过滤,滤液转至四口瓶中,滴加盐酸至pH:1-2,过滤,水洗,烘干,所得产品纯度为99.98%,含有2-氯烟酸54.5g,总收率为85.2%(理论重量64g)。
实施例4
本实施例为制备2-氯烟酸的一个具体实施示例。
本实施例基本过程为上述本发明具体实施技术方案。
本实施例的一些具体细节如下:
在四口瓶中投入1,1,2-三氯乙烷:150g、2-羟基烟醛:50g(0.406mol),搅拌下加入三苯基氧膦:11g(0.040mol),配制三光气溶液:三光气80g(0.270mol)和1,1,2-三氯乙烷100g,升温至50℃左右开始滴加三光气溶液,滴加完毕,升温至95℃,保温反应2小时。反应结束后回收1,1,2-三氯乙烷,将残留物进行减压蒸馏得到2-氯烟醛:55.8g(真空度200-300Pa下气相温度106℃-110℃)。
将上述2-氯烟醛:55.8g(0.394mol)投入四口瓶中,加入水:300g,催化剂Pd-Te/C:2.5g,碳酸钾:100g(0.724mol),搅拌下升温至80℃,然后通入空气保温反应8小时,反应结束后降至室温,过滤,滤液转至四口瓶中,滴加盐酸至pH:1-2,过滤,水洗,烘干,所得产品纯度为99.98%,含有2-氯烟酸55.9g,总收率为87.3%(理论重量64g)。
综合以上各实施例可知,本发明方法的总收率达85%以上,产品纯度达99.9%以上。其中,氯化反应使用无磷氯化剂,减少后续废水处理压力,显著降低了生产成本;氧化反应采用碱环境下使用催化剂进行空气氧化;两步反应均采用常用试剂和溶剂,且溶剂和催化剂可循环套用,从而进一步降低生产成本。
除上述实施例外,本发明还可以有其他实施方式。凡采用等同替换或等效变换形成的技术方案,均落在本发明要求的保护范围。
Claims (11)
1.一种2-氯烟酸的合成方法,其特征是,包括以下步骤:
第一步、在催化剂的催化作用下,将2-羟基烟醛与氯化剂进行氯化反应生成2-氯烟醛;所述催化剂为氧膦催化剂;其中,所述催化剂:2-羟基烟醛的当量比为0.05-0.2:1;所述氯化剂:2-羟基烟醛的当量比为0.5-5:1;
第二步、在催化剂的催化作用下,将2-氯烟醛与碱混合后通入空气进行氧化反应生成2-氯烟酸;所述催化剂为钯碳催化剂;其中,所述催化剂:2-氯烟醛的重量比为0.01-0.05:1;所述碱:2-氯烟醛的当量比为1.0-5.0:1。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种2-氯烟酸的合成方法,其特征是,所述第一步的具体过程为:
在反应器中,加入溶剂和2-羟基烟醛,搅拌下加入催化剂,升温,滴加氯化剂,滴完升温搅拌反应,反应完毕后回收溶剂,将剩余物经蒸馏得到2-氯烟醛。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种2-氯烟酸的合成方法,其特征是,先升温并保持在40℃~80℃,再滴加氯化剂;搅拌反应时,反应温度为60℃~100℃,反应时间为2~10小时。
4.根据权利要求2所述的一种2-氯烟酸的合成方法,其特征是,所述蒸馏的具体方式为在真空度200-300Pa且气相温度106℃~110℃下进行减压蒸馏。
5.根据权利要求2至4任一项所述的一种2-氯烟酸的合成方法,其特征是,所述溶剂:2-羟基烟醛的重量比为2-10:1;所述溶剂为氯仿、二氯甲烷、二氯乙烷、1,1,2-三氯乙烷中的一种或至少两种的混合物。
6.根据权利要求1至4任一项所述的一种2-氯烟酸的合成方法,其特征是,所述氧膦催化剂为三苯基氧膦、三甲基氧膦、三乙基氧膦中的一种或至少两种的混合物;所述氯化剂为双光气、三光气之一或其混合物。
7.根据权利要求6所述的一种2-氯烟酸的合成方法,其特征是,所述氧膦催化剂为三苯基氧膦;当氯化剂为三光气时,先取适量溶剂与三光气混合得到三光气溶液,再滴加入反应器中。
8.根据权利要求2所述的一种2-氯烟酸的合成方法,其特征是,第二步的具体过程为:
将2-氯烟醛投入反应器中,加入水,搅拌下加入催化剂和碱,升温后通入空气进行反应;反应结束后降至室温,过滤后将滤液在搅拌下滴加盐酸,当pH为1~2时停止滴加,搅拌后,抽滤、水洗、干燥,得到2-氯烟酸。
9.根据权利要求8所述的一种2-氯烟酸的合成方法,其特征是,反应时的反应温度为40℃~90℃,反应时间为6~18小时。
10.根据权利要求8或9所述的一种2-氯烟酸的合成方法,其特征是,所述钯碳催化剂为Pd-Te/C、Pd-Sb/C、Pd-Sn/C、Pd-Bi/C中的一种或至少两种的混合物;所述碱为氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、碳酸钠、碳酸钾中的一种或至少两种的混合物。
11.根据权利要求8或9所述的一种2-氯烟酸的合成方法,其特征是,所述水:2-氯烟醛的重量比为4-6:1;停止滴加盐酸后的搅拌时间为至少0.5小时。
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