CN117139631A - 一种难熔金属的粘结剂喷射3d打印成形方法 - Google Patents
一种难熔金属的粘结剂喷射3d打印成形方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 title abstract description 6
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- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000858 La alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- OWUGOENUEKACGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Fe].[Ni].[W] Chemical compound [Fe].[Ni].[W] OWUGOENUEKACGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- CBPOHXPWQZEPHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Mo].[La] Chemical compound [Mo].[La] CBPOHXPWQZEPHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- WUUZKBJEUBFVMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper molybdenum Chemical compound [Cu].[Mo] WUUZKBJEUBFVMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- SBYXRAKIOMOBFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper tungsten Chemical compound [Cu].[W] SBYXRAKIOMOBFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000280 densification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009689 gas atomisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009702 powder compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004663 powder metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009692 water atomization Methods 0.000 description 1
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- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/10—Metallic powder containing lubricating or binding agents; Metallic powder containing organic material
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- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/10—Formation of a green body
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- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y70/00—Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
- B33Y70/10—Composites of different types of material, e.g. mixtures of ceramics and polymers or mixtures of metals and biomaterials
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Abstract
本发明涉及难熔金属的增材制造技术领域,一种难熔金属的粘结剂喷射3D打印成形方法,包括以下步骤,S1、选用难熔金属粉末作为原材料,S2、进行高能球磨处理,S3、与PVA水溶液进行混合,采用离心盘雾化法或喷雾法制备成均匀液滴并干燥,S4、进行过筛处理,S5、进行粘结剂喷射3D打印,S6、打印完成后进行烘干固化,之后将零部件周围的粉末清理干净,得到打印生坯,S7、将打印生坯进行烧结,得到烧结坯。本发明采用难熔金属的细粒径粉末进行3D打印,原材料简单易得且成本低,采用粘结剂喷射3D打印工艺效率高,产品尺寸精度高,减少机加工量,提高粉末利用率,大幅降低成本。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及难熔金属的增材制造技术领域,具体地说是一种难熔金属的粘结剂喷射3D打印成形方法。
背景技术
目前针对难熔金属钨、钼及其合金,主要采用传统的粉末压制成型工艺进行制备,该工艺制备的产品主要为形状简单的零部件,针对具有复杂结构的零部件则需要通过机加工实现,导致材料利用率低,同时由于钨、钼及其合金硬度高、脆性大等原因,机加工成本极其高昂。近年来发展起来的增材制造工艺,对于制备三维复杂结构的零部件具有不可替代的优势,可实现近净成形,但由于该工艺对于粉末流动性要求非常高,因此其原材料主要为可进行雾化工艺(水雾化、气雾化、旋转电极雾化等方法)制备的球形粉末或近球形粉末。难熔金属钨、钼及其合金主要采用还原法进行制备,粉末粒径细(≤15μm)、球形度差,主要为多边形不规则形状,而流动性高的球形钨、钼粉及其合金需要采用等离子球化工艺制备,成本居高不下,从而限制了难熔金属及其合金在增材制造工艺上的应用。
发明内容
本发明为克服现有技术的不足,提供一种难熔金属的粘结剂喷射3D打印成形方法。
为实现上述目的,设计一种难熔金属的粘结剂喷射3D打印成形方法,其特征在于:包括以下步骤,
S1、选用难熔金属粉末作为原材料,难熔金属粉末的粒径分布范围为0<D10≤2.5μm,D50≤6μm,D90≤12μm;
S2、将难熔金属粉末进行高能球磨处理,球磨后粉末的松装密度大于等于5g/cm³;
S3、将球磨后的粉末与PVA水溶液进行混合,制备成悬浮液,将该悬浮液采用离心盘雾化法或喷雾法制备成均匀液滴并干燥,形成多颗粉末聚集的近球形粉末;
S4、将近球形粉末进行过筛处理,得到粒径为小于等于30μm的近球形粉末;
S5、采用过筛后的近球形粉末进行粘结剂喷射3D打印;
S6、打印完成后采用120~200℃进行烘干固化,烘干固化之后将零部件周围的粉末清理干净,得到打印生坯;
S7、将打印生坯进行1400~1500℃烧结,烧结气氛为氢气,烧结保温时间2~5小时,得到烧结坯。
所述的步骤S1中的难熔金属粉末包括钨、钼、钨镍铁、钨铜、钼铜以及钼镧合金粉末。
所述的步骤S2中的球磨工艺为粉末与球的重量比为1:1~1.2,球磨转速为30~100r/min,球磨时间大于等于90分钟。
所述的步骤S3中的PVA水溶液的质量浓度范围为0.5~5%,金属粉末与PVA水溶液的体积比范围为0.5~1:10。
所述的步骤S5中的打印层厚为3~10倍D90。
本发明同现有技术相比,采用难熔金属的细粒径粉末进行3D打印,原材料简单易得且成本低,采用粘结剂喷射3D打印工艺效率高,产品尺寸精度高,减少机加工量,提高粉末利用率,大幅降低成本。
具体实施方式
下面根据实施例对本发明做进一步的说明。
S1、选用钨粉作为原材料,钨粉的粒径分布范围为0<D10≤2.5μm,D50≤6μm,D90≤12μm,难熔金属钨主要采用还原法进行制备,粉末粒径细,与传统的等离子球化钨粉相比,原材料价格降低约70%,大幅降低了产品制造成本;
S2、将难熔金属粉末进行高能球磨处理,粉末与球的重量比为1:1,球磨转速为60r/min,球磨时间为90分钟,球磨后粉末的松装密度大于等于5g/cm³,通过球磨工艺,进行分散,且大幅改善了还原钨粉的形貌,使近球形化,提升流动性,使之能够适用于粘结剂喷射3D打印技术,可以制备出三维复杂结构零部件或薄壁零部件,解决传统粉末冶金工艺制品形状简单问题;
S3、将球磨后的粉末与PVA水溶液进行混合,制备成悬浮液,PVA水溶液的质量浓度为0.5%,粉末与PVA水溶液的体积比范围为1:10,将该悬浮液采用离心盘雾化法或喷雾法制备成均匀液滴并干燥,形成多颗粉末聚集的近球形粉末,大幅提升了粉末的流动性;
S4、将近球形粉末进行过筛处理,得到粒径为小于等于30μm的近球形粉末,近球形粉末为多颗粉末聚集的粉末团,原始粉末的粒径未改变,在不改变粉末原始粒径状态的前提下,大幅提升了粉末的流动性,后续烧结时,由于粉末细小,烧结驱动力更大,更加容易烧结致密,所需烧结温度降低,烧结温度跟原始粉末粒径有关,与多颗粉末聚集的近球形粉末粒径无关;
S5、采用过筛后的近球形粉末进行粘结剂喷射3D打印,打印层厚为3倍D90;
S6、打印完成后采用120℃进行烘干固化,烘干固化之后将零部件周围的粉末清理干净,得到打印生坯;
S7、将打印生坯进行1400℃烧结,烧结气氛为氢气,烧结保温时间3小时,得到烧结坯,采用粘结剂喷射3D打印工艺制备钨,其效率可达到传统SLM工艺的5~10倍,且所制备的产品结构复杂程度与SLM工艺相当,,尺寸精度可控制在±0.3mm,可实现三维复杂结构零部件的近净成形产品,减少机加工量,提高粉末利用率,大幅降低成本。
所述的步骤S1中的难熔金属粉末包括钨、钼、钨镍铁、钨铜、钼铜以及钼镧合金粉末,与传统SLM工艺相比,可制备的种类更多。
所述的步骤S2中的球磨工艺为粉末与球的重量比为1:1~1.2,球磨转速为30~100r/min,球磨时间大于等于90分钟。
所述的步骤S3中的PVA水溶液的质量浓度范围为0.5~5%,金属粉末与PVA水溶液的体积比范围为0.5~1:10。
所述的步骤S5中的打印层厚为3~10倍D90。
本发明使用时,采用难熔金属的细粒径粉末进行3D打印,原材料简单易得且成本低,采用粘结剂喷射3D打印工艺效率高,产品尺寸精度高,减少机加工量,提高粉末利用率,大幅降低成本。
Claims (5)
1.一种难熔金属的粘结剂喷射3D打印成形方法,其特征在于:包括以下步骤,
S1、选用难熔金属粉末作为原材料,难熔金属粉末的粒径分布范围为0<D10≤2.5μm,D50≤6μm,D90≤12μm;
S2、将难熔金属粉末进行高能球磨处理,球磨后粉末的松装密度大于等于5g/cm³;
S3、将球磨后的粉末与PVA水溶液进行混合,制备成悬浮液,将该悬浮液采用离心盘雾化法或喷雾法制备成均匀液滴并干燥,形成多颗粉末聚集的近球形粉末;
S4、将近球形粉末进行过筛处理,得到粒径为小于等于30μm的近球形粉末;
S5、采用过筛后的近球形粉末进行粘结剂喷射3D打印;
S6、打印完成后采用120~200℃进行烘干固化,烘干固化之后将零部件周围的粉末清理干净,得到打印生坯;
S7、将打印生坯进行1400~1500℃烧结,烧结气氛为氢气,烧结保温时间2~5小时,得到烧结坯。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种难熔金属的粘结剂喷射3D打印成形方法,其特征在于:所述的步骤S1中的难熔金属粉末包括钨、钼、钨镍铁、钨铜、钼铜以及钼镧合金粉末。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种难熔金属的粘结剂喷射3D打印成形方法,其特征在于:所述的步骤S2中的球磨工艺为粉末与球的重量比为1:1~1.2,球磨转速为30~100r/min,球磨时间大于等于90分钟。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种难熔金属的粘结剂喷射3D打印成形方法,其特征在于:所述的步骤S3中的PVA水溶液的质量浓度范围为0.5~5%,金属粉末与PVA水溶液的体积比范围为0.5~1:10。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种难熔金属的粘结剂喷射3D打印成形方法,其特征在于:所述的步骤S5中的打印层厚为3~10倍D90。
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