CN117126370B - 一种耐高温聚氨酯防凝露气密封堵材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种耐高温聚氨酯防凝露气密封堵材料及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN117126370B CN117126370B CN202310898082.5A CN202310898082A CN117126370B CN 117126370 B CN117126370 B CN 117126370B CN 202310898082 A CN202310898082 A CN 202310898082A CN 117126370 B CN117126370 B CN 117126370B
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- polyisocyanate
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- LZZYPRNAOMGNLH-UHFFFAOYSA-M Cetrimonium bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)C LZZYPRNAOMGNLH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
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- VBIIFPGSPJYLRR-UHFFFAOYSA-M Stearyltrimethylammonium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)C VBIIFPGSPJYLRR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
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- VGIBGUSAECPPNB-UHFFFAOYSA-L nonaaluminum;magnesium;tripotassium;1,3-dioxido-2,4,5-trioxa-1,3-disilabicyclo[1.1.1]pentane;iron(2+);oxygen(2-);fluoride;hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[F-].[Mg+2].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[K+].[K+].[K+].[Fe+2].O1[Si]2([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O2.O1[Si]2([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O2.O1[Si]2([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O2.O1[Si]2([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O2.O1[Si]2([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O2.O1[Si]2([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O2.O1[Si]2([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O2 VGIBGUSAECPPNB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
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- SZEMGTQCPRNXEG-UHFFFAOYSA-M trimethyl(octadecyl)azanium;bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)C SZEMGTQCPRNXEG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- CEYYIKYYFSTQRU-UHFFFAOYSA-M trimethyl(tetradecyl)azanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)C CEYYIKYYFSTQRU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- UWPXUJJRQWODJN-REWJHTLYSA-N (2r,3r,4s,5r)-3,4,5,6-tetrahydroxy-2-(octylamino)hexanal Chemical group CCCCCCCCN[C@@H](C=O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO UWPXUJJRQWODJN-REWJHTLYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
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- BJUPZVQSAAGZJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyloxirane;propane-1,2,3-triol Chemical compound CC1CO1.OCC(O)CO BJUPZVQSAAGZJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Terephthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UKLDJPRMSDWDSL-UHFFFAOYSA-L [dibutyl(dodecanoyloxy)stannyl] dodecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O[Sn](CCCC)(CCCC)OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCC UKLDJPRMSDWDSL-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
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- QQVIHTHCMHWDBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N isophthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC(C(O)=O)=C1 QQVIHTHCMHWDBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- TWWAWPHAOPTQEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methyl-2-benzofuran-1,3-dione Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC2=C1C(=O)OC2=O TWWAWPHAOPTQEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- JHIWVOJDXOSYLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl 2,2-difluorocyclopropane-1-carboxylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C1CC1(F)F JHIWVOJDXOSYLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229940049964 oleate Drugs 0.000 description 1
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- WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentaerythritol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)CO WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- KSBAEPSJVUENNK-UHFFFAOYSA-L tin(ii) 2-ethylhexanoate Chemical compound [Sn+2].CCCCC(CC)C([O-])=O.CCCCC(CC)C([O-])=O KSBAEPSJVUENNK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- CYRMSUTZVYGINF-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichlorofluoromethane Chemical compound FC(Cl)(Cl)Cl CYRMSUTZVYGINF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/70—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the isocyanates or isothiocyanates used
- C08G18/72—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates
- C08G18/77—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates having heteroatoms in addition to the isocyanate or isothiocyanate nitrogen and oxygen or sulfur
- C08G18/78—Nitrogen
- C08G18/79—Nitrogen characterised by the polyisocyanates used, these having groups formed by oligomerisation of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/791—Nitrogen characterised by the polyisocyanates used, these having groups formed by oligomerisation of isocyanates or isothiocyanates containing isocyanurate groups
- C08G18/794—Nitrogen characterised by the polyisocyanates used, these having groups formed by oligomerisation of isocyanates or isothiocyanates containing isocyanurate groups formed by oligomerisation of aromatic isocyanates or isothiocyanates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/40—High-molecular-weight compounds
- C08G18/48—Polyethers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/70—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the isocyanates or isothiocyanates used
- C08G18/72—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates
- C08G18/74—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic
- C08G18/76—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic aromatic
- C08G18/7614—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic aromatic containing only one aromatic ring
- C08G18/7621—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic aromatic containing only one aromatic ring being toluene diisocyanate including isomer mixtures
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/04—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent
- C08J9/06—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a chemical blowing agent
- C08J9/08—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a chemical blowing agent developing carbon dioxide
-
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种无机改性聚氨酯防凝露气密封堵材料及其制备方法,包括A组分、B组分,A组分包括如下原料:聚异氰酸酯、多异氰酸酯;B组分包括如下原料:聚合物多元醇、催化剂、发泡剂、流平剂、改性无机填料,所述改性无机填料是阴离子型黏土依次经过长链季铵盐改性、葡萄糖胺类衍生物改性得到,其与气密封堵材料体系相容性好,第二次插层剂还可作为交联剂与异氰酸根发生原位插层反应,使蒙脱土层状结构剥离、隔离开,形成均匀的纳米分散体系。原位反应生成的交联点可增强刚性的无机填料粒子与聚氨酯分子链之间的连接数目和强度,减少聚氨酯分子链的运动性和因无机填料分布不均匀造成的不良影响,提高封堵材料的高温抗形变能力。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于聚氨酯材料技术领域,具体涉及一种耐高温聚氨酯防凝露气密封堵材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
随着城市配电网络的不断发展,及自动化进程的推进,电力设备遍布于城市各个角落,常见的电力设备包括:高低压开关柜、箱式变电站、电缆分支箱、环网柜、美式箱变、端子箱、风力箱变、光伏箱变、高铁箱变等。因实际运行中受使用环境影响,电力设备普遍存在凝露现象,受潮凝露会对电缆室内电缆终端头、开关室操作机构造成腐蚀、绝缘下降,长期存在还可能造成局部放电和闪络的情况,严重影响了设备的安全运行,因环网柜受潮凝露引起的故障已经成为配电网线路跳闸的主要原因之一,使电力设备在被广泛赞扬的同时也饱受抱怨。因此如何有效的减少和预防环网柜内的受潮凝露是配电网建设中亟待解决的问题。
聚氨酯防凝露气密封堵材料是一种采用流动密封技术的功能性高分子材料,其由双组份构成,在现场进行混合,混合均匀后进行浇注,利用液体流动性,对平面进行密封,液体材料沉浸于设备与电缆及管道之间的缝隙和孔洞,完成自动流平,并随后涨发/发泡、凝胶固化成型,利用其膨胀过程产生的挤压力,在纵向形成密封体系,从而实现立体密封效果。
如专利CN111218100A公开了一种用于气密封堵的液体高分子发泡树脂及其生产方法,液体高分子发泡树脂由A、B两种组分构成,按照重量计,A、B两种组分的比例为1:1。A组分中包括聚醚多元醇、聚酯多元醇、聚磷酸铵、膨胀石墨及抑制剂,按照重量计,聚醚多元醇的含量大于等于50%小于等于60%,聚酯多元醇的含量大于等于10%小于等于20%,聚磷酸铵的含量大于等于10%小于等于15%,膨胀石墨的含量大于等于15%小于等于20%,抑制剂的含量大于等于1%小于等于10%,而B组分中包括聚氨酯以及阻燃剂,按照重量计,聚氨酯的含量大于等于80%小于等于90%,阻燃剂的含量大于等于10%小于等于20%。专利CN111286004B公开了一种疏水性的聚氨酯防凝露气密封堵材料及其制备方法,所述封堵材料包括A、B两种组分,所述A组分包括聚异氰酸酯和多异氰酸酯,所述B组分包括多元醇、催化剂、水、助剂和无机填料,所述多元醇包括全氟烷基改性的聚酯多元醇和聚烯烃多元醇。所述全氟烷基改性的聚酯多元醇是由全氟烷酰氯与聚酯多元醇反应得到的,所述聚烯烃类多元醇选自聚丁二烯多元醇、聚异戊二烯多元醇中的至少一种。所述封堵材料不仅具有良好的疏水性,而且大大改善了其耐热水解性。
上述技术均可实现气密封堵、防凝露的作用,但近几年全球变暖,极端高温天气频发,部分地区持续高温,聚氨酯材料长时间暴露在高温环境中会发生软化、变形。虽然适量的无机填料可以改善聚氨酯材料的热塑性,提供额外的强度和稳定性,但由于无机填料与聚氨酯原料的相容性较差,无机填料分散不均匀,这种不均匀产生的后果在经历长时间的高温后暴露无遗:高温使无机填料分布不均匀的聚氨酯材料内部更易产生应力集中,高温尺寸稳定性下降,不仅会发生变形,严重者会造成局部塌陷,使封堵材料的气密封堵、防凝露效果严重变差。
因此,开发一种耐高温的聚氨酯防凝露气密封堵材料具有十分重要的意义。
发明内容
为解决上述问题,本发明提供了一种耐高温聚氨酯防凝露气密封堵材料及其制备方法,气密封堵材料使用了一种改性的无机填料,通过先用长链季铵盐对无机填料进行一次插层改性,再用葡萄糖胺类衍生物进行二次插层改性,改变了无机填料的特性,使其与聚氨酯封堵材料体系具有更好的相容性,在混合体系中分散更均匀;第二次插层剂葡萄糖胺类衍生物还可作为交联剂与异氰酸根发生原位反应,使蒙脱土层状结构剥离、隔离开,受聚合物链扰动而打乱,无规分布于聚合物基体中,最终形成纳米分散体系。此外,原位反应生成的交联点可增强刚性的无机填料粒子与聚氨酯分子链之间的连接数目和强度,减少聚氨酯分子链的运动性,同时减少因无机填料分布不均匀造成升的不良影响,使封堵材料在高温下不易软化和变形,从而提高封堵材料的高温抗形变能力。
为实现上述目的,采取如下具体技术方案:
一种无机改性聚氨酯防凝露气密封堵材料,包括A组分、B组分,
A组分包括如下原料:聚异氰酸酯、多异氰酸酯;
B组分包括如下原料:聚合物多元醇、催化剂、发泡剂、流平剂、改性无机填料,所述改性无机填料是阴离子型黏土依次经过长链季铵盐改性,以及葡萄糖胺类衍生物改性得到。
进一步地,所述无机改性聚氨酯防凝露气密封堵材料,包括A、B组分,A、B组分重量比为1:0.9-1.2,
A组分包括如下重量份的原料:100份聚异氰酸酯、10-15份多异氰酸酯;
B组分包括如下重量份的原料:100份聚合物多元醇、1-5份催化剂、1-5份发泡剂、0.3-1份流平剂、15-20份改性无机填料,所述长链季铵盐、葡萄糖胺类衍生物的用量分别占无机填料的30-45%、8-10%。
所述长链季铵盐选自十二烷基三甲基溴化铵、十四烷基三甲基溴化铵、十二烷基三甲基氯化铵、十四烷基三甲基氯化铵、十六烷基三甲基氯化铵、十六烷基三甲基溴化铵、十八烷基三甲基氯化铵、十八烷基三甲基溴化铵中的一种或两种以上的组合。
所述葡萄糖胺类衍生物选自N,N-双甲基-D-葡萄糖、N-乙基-D-葡萄糖胺、N-甲基-D-葡萄糖胺、N-正辛基-D-葡萄糖胺中的一种或两种以上的组合。优选为N-正辛基-D-葡萄糖胺。
所述改性无机填料通过包括如下步骤的方法制得:
1)将无机填料分散于水中,搅拌得悬浊液,升温并恒温,滴加长链季铵盐溶液,恒温进行反应,反应结束后静置、抽滤、洗涤、烘干、研磨备用;
2)将步骤1)制得产物分散于溶剂中,搅拌得悬浊液,滴加葡萄糖胺类衍生物溶液,恒温进行反应,反应结束后抽滤、洗涤、烘干、研磨即得改性无机填料。
步骤1)所述悬浊液固含量为5-8wt%;所述升温为升至60-80℃;所述长链季铵盐溶液的浓度为8-10wt%,溶剂为水;所述恒温反应时间为3-6h,静置时间为12-36h;所述烘干为在60-80℃下进行烘干;
步骤2)所述悬浊液的固含量为5-8wt%,所述升温为升至60-80℃;所述葡萄糖胺类衍生物溶液的浓度为5-10wt%,溶剂包括DMF、水中的一种或两种的组合,所述恒温反应时间为3-6h,所述烘干为在60-80℃下进行烘干。
本发明对无机填料的改性方法中,先用长链季铵盐进行一次插层改性,然后用葡萄糖胺类衍生物进行二次插层改性,可改变无机填料的特性,使其与聚氨酯封堵材料体系具有更好的相容性,在聚氨酯封堵材料体系中的分散更均匀。
所述阴离子型黏土的平均粒径为200-500目。
所述阴离子型黏土选自高岭土、蒙脱石、伊利石、海泡石、凹凸棒、绿泥石中的一种或两种及以上的组合。
优选的,所述阴离子型黏土为蒙脱石。更为优选的,所述蒙脱石为钠基蒙脱石,阳离子交换容量CEC=90-130 mmol/100g。
所述流平剂包括丙烯酸类流平剂、有机硅类流平剂、氟碳类流平剂,优选为氟碳类流平剂。
所述氟碳类流平剂为多氟化多烯烃或氟改性丙烯酸中的一种,包括埃夫卡EFKA-3777、3M FC-4430中的一种或两种的组合。
所述发泡剂包括物理发泡剂或化学发泡剂中的一种或两种的组合。
所述化学发泡剂为水。
所述物理发泡剂没有特别的限制,本领域常用的即可,选自一氟二氯乙烷、三氯氟甲烷、三氯氟乙烷中的一种或两种及以上的组合。
所述聚合物多元醇的羟值为350-650mgKOH/g,官能度为2-6,选自聚酯多元醇、聚醚多元醇中的一种或两种的组合。
所述聚酯多元醇由二元酸或酸酐与多元醇反应制得,所述二元酸选自邻苯二甲酸、间苯二甲酸、对苯二甲酸、己二酸中的一种或两种及以上的组合,所述二元酸酐选自邻苯二甲酸酐、3-甲基邻苯二甲酸酐、4-叔丁基邻苯二甲酸酐中的一种或两种及以上的组合,所述多元醇选自乙二醇、丙二醇、一缩二乙二醇、三羟甲基丙烷、季戊四醇中的一种或两种及以上的组合。
所述聚醚多元醇选自甘油-环氧丙烷聚醚、三羟甲基丙烷-环氧丙烷聚醚、季戊四醇-环氧丙烷聚醚、山梨醇-环氧丙烷聚醚中的一种或两种及以上的组合。
所述聚异氰酸酯为聚合MDI,聚合MDI中-NCO的含量为25-35wt%,平均官能度为2.4-2.8。
所述多异氰酸酯选自TDI、MDI中的一种或两种的组合。
所述催化剂选自叔胺类化合物、有机锡类化合物中的一种或两种的组合。
所述叔胺类化合物没有特别的限制,本领域常用的即可,可以选自三乙烯二胺、N,N-二甲基环己胺、N,N,N',N'-四甲基-1,6-己二胺、N,N,N',N'',N''-五甲基二乙烯基三胺中的一种或两种及以上的组合。
所述有机锡类化合物没有特别的限制,本领域常用的即可,可以选自二月桂酸酯二丁基锡、辛酸亚锡、油酸亚锡中的一种或两种及以上的组合。
优选地,催化剂为叔胺类化合物、有机锡类化合物按照质量比3-5:1的复配。
本发明还提供了上述无机改性聚氨酯防凝露气密封堵材料的制备方法,包括如下步骤
S1分别称取聚异氰酸酯、多异氰酸酯,加至混合釜中混合至均匀,得A组分;称取聚合物多元醇,加入催化剂、发泡剂、流平剂、改性无机填料,混合至均匀,得B组分;
S2将A组分和B组分混合,搅拌均匀、浇筑模坯、脱模、熟化,得上述无机改性聚氨酯防凝露气密封堵材料。
步骤S1所述混合为在50-80℃下进行混合;
步骤S2所述熟化为在室温条件下放置48-72h。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果是:
本发明通过先用长链季铵盐进行一次插层改性,然后用葡萄糖胺类衍生物进行二次插层改性制得一种与气密封堵材料体系相容性好的改性无机材料,第二次插层剂葡萄糖胺类衍生物还可作为交联剂与异氰酸根发生原位插层反应,使蒙脱土层状结构剥离、隔离开,受聚合物链扰动而打乱,无规分布于聚合物基体中,形成均匀的纳米分散体系。此外,原位反应生成的交联点可增强刚性的无机填料粒子与聚氨酯分子链之间的连接数目和强度,减少聚氨酯分子链的运动性,同时减少因无机填料分布不均匀造的成不良影响,使封堵材料在高温下不易软化和变形,大大提高封堵材料的高温抗形变能力;同时还增加了聚氨酯材料的疏水性和力学强度。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步的说明,但并不局限于说明书上的内容。若无特 殊说明,本发明实施例中所述“份”均为重量份。所用试剂均为本领域可商购的试剂。
钠基蒙脱石购自内蒙古倍康新材料科技有限公司,平均目数为300目,阳离子交换容量CEC=120 mmol/100g。
聚合MDI为亨斯迈5005,-NCO的含量为30.5wt%,平均官能度为2.7。
甘油-环氧丙烷聚醚,红宝丽集团股份有限公司H304,羟值430mgKOH/g。
制备改性无机材料
制备例1
1)将100份钠基蒙脱石分散于水中,搅拌制备8wt%的悬浊液,升温至70℃并恒温,滴加450份浓度为10wt%的十六烷基三甲基氯化铵水溶液,恒温进行反应3h,充分交换,反应结束后静置24h、抽滤、用去离子水洗涤4次至无Cl-(用0.1mol/L的AgNO3溶液检验无白色沉淀)洗涤、60℃真空干燥箱进行烘干、研磨至300目备用;
2)将步骤1)制得产物分散于水中,搅拌制备得8wt%悬浊液,滴加100份10wt%N-正辛基-D-葡萄糖胺(溶剂为DMF),60℃恒温进行反应3h,反应结束后抽滤、用水洗涤3次、60℃真空干燥箱烘干、研磨至300目即得改性无机填料。
制备例2
其余与制备例1相同,不同之处在于,用N-乙基-D-葡萄糖胺等量替代N-正辛基-D-葡萄糖胺。
制备例3
其余与制备例1相同,不同之处在于,N-正辛基-D-葡萄糖胺溶液的用量为80份。
对比制备例1
其余与制备例1相同,不同之处在于,用等量的三乙醇胺替代N-正辛基-D-葡萄糖胺。
对比制备例2
将100份钠基蒙脱石分散于水中,搅拌制备8wt%的悬浊液,升温至70℃并恒温,滴加450份浓度为10wt%的十六烷基三甲基氯化铵水溶液,恒温进行反应3h,充分交换,反应结束后静置24h、抽滤、用去离子水洗涤4次至无Cl-(用0.1mol/L的AgNO3溶液检验无白色沉淀)洗涤、60℃真空干燥箱进行烘干、研磨至300目备用。即只有制备例1的步骤1),不进行N-正辛基-D-葡萄糖胺的插层。
制备气密封堵材料
实施例1
S1分别称取100份聚合MDI、10份TDI,加至混合釜中在60℃下进行混合至均匀,得A组分;
称取100份甘油-环氧丙烷聚醚,加入3份由二乙烯三胺和二月桂酸酯二丁基锡按重量比为3:1组成的催化剂、2份一氟二氯乙烷、3份水、1份埃夫卡EFKA-3777、20份制备例1制备的改性无机填料,混合至均匀,得B组分;
S2将A组分加至B组分中,A、B组分重量比为1:1.05,搅拌均匀、浇筑模坯、脱模、室温熟化72h,得无机改性聚氨酯防凝露气密封堵材料。
实施例2-3
其余与实施例1相同,不同之处在于,所用改性无机填料分别对应制备例2-3的反应产物。
实施例4
其余与实施例1相同,不同之处在于,用等量的有机硅类流平剂毕克BYK-333替代埃夫卡EFKA-3777。
实施例5
其余与实施例1相同,不同之处在于,制备例1制备的改性无机填料的用量为15份。
对比实施例1-2
其余与实施例1相同,不同之处在于,所用改性无机填料对应对比制备例1-2的反应产物。
对比实施例3
其余与实施例1相同,不同之处在于,直接使用钠基蒙脱石,不进行改性。
将上述实施例及对比实施例制备的改性聚氨酯防凝露气密封堵材料进行以下性能测试:
高温尺寸稳定性:参照标准GB/T 8811-2008硬质泡沫塑料尺寸稳定性试验方法,80℃、48h;85℃、48h。
接触角测试:以去离子水为测试液体,采用静态接触角测量仪测量聚氨酯泡沫的接触角,接触角的范围0-180°。
耐压强度:参照标准GB/T 8813-2008 硬质泡沫塑料压缩强度试验方法进行测试。
表1 聚氨酯防凝露气密封堵材料性能测试
。
本发明制备的聚氨酯防凝露气密封堵材料具有良好的抗高温形变能力,以及疏水性和耐压强度。
Claims (9)
1.一种无机改性聚氨酯防凝露气密封堵材料,包括A组分、B组分,其特征在于,
A组分包括如下重量份的原料:100份聚异氰酸酯、10-15份多异氰酸酯;所述聚异氰酸酯为聚合MDI,聚合MDI中-NCO的含量为25-35wt%,平均官能度为2.4-2.8;所述多异氰酸酯选自TDI、MDI中的一种或两种的组合;
B组分包括如下重量份的原料:100份聚合物多元醇、1-5份催化剂、1-5份发泡剂、0.3-1份流平剂、15-20份改性无机填料,所述改性无机填料是阴离子型黏土依次经过长链季铵盐改性,以及葡萄糖胺类衍生物改性得到;所述葡萄糖胺类衍生物选自N,N-双甲基-D-葡萄糖、N-乙基-D-葡萄糖胺、N-甲基-D-葡萄糖胺、N-正辛基-D-葡萄糖胺中的一种或两种以上的组合;
所述A、B组分重量比为1:0.9-1.2。
2.根据权利要求1所述无机改性聚氨酯防凝露气密封堵材料,其特征在于,所述长链季铵盐、葡萄糖胺类衍生物的用量分别占无机填料的30-45wt%、8-10wt%。
3.根据权利要求1所述无机改性聚氨酯防凝露气密封堵材料,其特征在于,所述长链季铵盐选自十二烷基三甲基溴化铵、十四烷基三甲基溴化铵、十二烷基三甲基氯化铵、十四烷基三甲基氯化铵、十六烷基三甲基氯化铵、十六烷基三甲基溴化铵、十八烷基三甲基氯化铵、十八烷基三甲基溴化铵中的一种或两种以上的组合。
4.根据权利要求1所述无机改性聚氨酯防凝露气密封堵材料,其特征在于,所述葡萄糖胺类衍生物为N-正辛基-D-葡萄糖胺。
5.根据权利要求1所述无机改性聚氨酯防凝露气密封堵材料,其特征在于,所述改性无机填料通过包括如下步骤的方法制得:
1)将无机填料分散于水中,搅拌得悬浊液,升温并恒温,滴加长链季铵盐溶液,恒温进行反应,反应结束后静置、抽滤、洗涤、烘干、研磨备用;
2)将步骤1)所得产物分散于溶剂中,搅拌得悬浊液,滴加葡萄糖胺类衍生物溶液,恒温进行反应,反应结束后抽滤、洗涤、烘干、研磨即得改性无机填料。
6.根据权利要求1所述无机改性聚氨酯防凝露气密封堵材料,其特征在于,所述阴离子型黏土的平均粒径为200-500目,所述阴离子型黏土选自高岭土、蒙脱石、伊利石、海泡石、凹凸棒、绿泥石中的一种或两种及以上的组合。
7.根据权利要求6所述无机改性聚氨酯防凝露气密封堵材料,其特征在于,所述阴离子型黏土为阳离子交换容量CEC=90-130 mmol/100g的钠基蒙脱石。
8.根据权利要求1所述无机改性聚氨酯防凝露气密封堵材料,其特征在于,所述聚合物多元醇的羟值为350-650mgKOH/g,官能度为2-6,选自聚酯多元醇、聚醚多元醇中的一种或两种的组合。
9.一种权利要求1-8任一项所述无机改性聚氨酯防凝露气密封堵材料的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
S1分别称取聚异氰酸酯、多异氰酸酯,加至混合釜中混合至均匀,得A组分;称取聚合物多元醇,加入催化剂、发泡剂、流平剂、改性无机填料,混合至均匀,得B组分;
S2将A组分和B组分混合,搅拌均匀、浇筑模坯、脱模、熟化,得上述无机改性聚氨酯防凝露气密封堵材料。
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