CN117103811A - 一种用于制药生产清洁消毒的无尘布 - Google Patents
一种用于制药生产清洁消毒的无尘布 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种用于制药生产清洁消毒的无尘布，所述无尘布包括由上至下依次紧密复合的第一超细纤维针织布层、第一抗菌无纺布层、超细纤维海绵层、第二抗菌无纺布层和第二超细纤维针织布层。本发明采用多层材料复合成型，在多层结构上无尘布具有较好的力学性能，擦拭性能好。位于最外层的为超细纤维针织布，具备手感柔软、擦拭效果好等特点，结合超细纤维的自身的特点，易形成精细高密度的组织结构，在织物中能形成大量的微细空隙，纳尘性能极佳。且超细纤维针织布的超细纤维具有较复杂的三维空间结构，能使无尘布很好的吸收较多的液体或灰尘，并且纤维很细，布很柔软，用作擦拭布时不会对物品表面造成损伤，非常合适作为制药设备的高级擦布。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于擦拭耗材的技术领域，具体涉及一种用于制药生产清洁消毒的无尘布。
背景技术
随着技术发展，无尘擦拭布已经在医疗器械生产、制药生产、科研领域等发挥着不可替代的作用。诸如制药行业，往往需要使用擦拭布对制药设备进行清洁的操作，以保障药物的生产质量和药品安全，无尘擦拭布已经是制药生产环境中必不可少的耗材用物。
现阶段，随着制药行业其对设备及洁净环境的要求日益苛刻，不仅仅能够满足清洁去污的基本要求，对无尘擦拭布的多项性能要求也日益增加，包括无尘布本体的抗菌性能。
然而，申请人研究发现，现阶段各类擦拭产品是细菌生长繁衍的媒介，即使市面上有部分抗菌无尘布产品，但这类型抗菌无尘布的长效抗菌性能不佳，又或其他性能不佳。
发明内容
本发明的目的是要解决上述的技术问题，提供一种用于制药生产清洁消毒的无尘布。
为了解决上述问题，本发明按以下技术方案予以实现的：
本发明提供了一种用于制药生产清洁消毒的无尘布，其特征在于：
所述无尘布包括由上至下依次紧密复合的第一超细纤维针织布层、第一抗菌无纺布层、超细纤维海绵层、第二抗菌无纺布层和第二超细纤维针织布层。
本发明优选地，所述超细纤维海绵层采用以下原料制成：聚乙烯醇、胶原蛋白、棕榈纳米纤维素和氯已定。
本发明优选地，所述超细纤维海绵层通过以下方法制备：
将质量分数20％PVA溶液和质量浓度为20g/L的胶原蛋白乙酸溶液进行混合，配置纺丝溶液，所述PVA与胶原蛋白的质量比为7:3；
向纺丝溶液中，添加质量分数3％的棕榈纳米纤维素和添加质量分数为2％的氯已定，充分搅拌均匀；
将完全溶解的纺丝溶液分成五等份，然后转移到5根相同规格的注射器中，在静电纺丝机的滚筒上紧密贴合所述的第二抗菌无纺布层，用于接收和转移静电纺丝纤维；
启动静电纺丝机，制得超细纤维海绵层。
优选地，所述静电纺丝机的工作参数为滚筒转速25rpm、滑台移动距离30cm、灌注速度4ml/h、纺丝距离25cm和电压30KV。
本发明优选地，所述第一抗菌无纺布层和第二抗菌无纺布层均采用聚丙烯熔喷无纺布，所述聚丙烯熔喷无纺布依次经过等离子体亲水处理和抗菌后整理。
本发明优选地，所述等离子体亲水处理具体为：以氧气为气氛，等离子体设备的处理功率75W和气体流量5mL/min，对聚丙烯熔喷无纺布进行等离子体处理，处理时间180s。
本发明优选地，所述抗菌后整理具体为：将等离子体处理后的聚丙烯熔喷无纺布，50℃下浸渍于5g/L抗菌整理液15min，在立式轧车上轧压，然后再按上述浸轧条件重复浸轧一次，最后将织物于80℃烘干；
其中，所述抗菌整理液为海泡石抗菌整理液。
本发明优选地，所述第一超细纤维针织布层和所述第二超细纤维针织布层均采用涤纶/锦纶超细纤维针织布，涤纶/锦纶超细纤维的纱线线密度为18.6tex，横密为16纵行/5cm，纵密为18横列/5cm，面密度为160g/㎡。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果是：
本发明提供了一种用于制药生产清洁消毒的无尘布，所述无尘布包括由上至下依次紧密复合的第一超细纤维针织布层、第一抗菌无纺布层、超细纤维海绵层、第二抗菌无纺布层和第二超细纤维针织布层。
本发明采用多层材料复合成型，在多层结构上无尘布具有较好的力学性能，擦拭性能好。位于最外层的为超细纤维针织布，具备手感柔软、擦拭效果好等特点，结合超细纤维的自身的特点，易形成精细高密度的组织结构，在织物中能形成大量的微细空隙，纳尘性能极佳。且超细纤维针织布的超细纤维具有较复杂的三维空间结构，能使无尘布很好的吸收较多的液体或灰尘，并且纤维很细，布很柔软，用作擦拭布时不会对物品表面造成损伤，非常合适作为制药设备的高级擦布。
另一方面，通过在无尘布中复合有一超细纤维海绵层，赋予无尘布优异的吸液能力，更有利于制药设备的清洁消毒的擦拭场合使用。且由超细纤维海绵层协同超细纤维针织布层，赋予无尘布极佳的擦拭性能和吸湿去污能力好等特性。另一方面，无尘布的吸液性能主要来源于超细纤维海绵层，还具备有效防止清洁剂/消毒剂等溢出造成反向污染的优点。
再一方面，通过在无尘布中复合有两层抗菌无纺布层，有效抑制无尘布中的微生物生长，使无尘布具有较好的抗菌效果。
本发明通过多层材料的复合，所制得的无纺布极大的满足制药行业对无尘擦拭布的多项性能要求，也包括无尘布本体的抗菌性能。
附图说明
下面结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步详细的说明，其中：
图1是本发明的一种用于制药生产清洁消毒的无尘布的立体示意图；
图2是本发明的一种用于制药生产清洁消毒的无尘布的层结构示意图；
图中：
10-第一超细纤维针织布层；
20-第一抗菌无纺布层；
30-超细纤维海绵层；
40-第二抗菌无纺布层；
50-第二超细纤维针织布层。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图对本发明的优选实施例进行说明，应当理解，此处所描述的优选实施例仅用于说明和解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。
随着制药行业其对设备及洁净环境的要求日益苛刻，不仅仅能够满足清洁去污的基本要求，对无尘擦拭布的多项性能要求也日益增加，包括无尘布本体的抗菌性能。然而，申请人研究发现，现阶段各类擦拭产品是细菌生长繁衍的媒介，即使市面上有部分抗菌无尘布产品，但这类型抗菌无尘布的长效抗菌性能不佳，又或其他性能不佳。
为此，本发明提供了一种用于制药生产清洁消毒的无尘布，所述无尘布包括由上至下依次紧密复合的第一超细纤维针织布层、第一抗菌无纺布层、超细纤维海绵层、第二抗菌无纺布层和第二超细纤维针织布层。本发明通过多层材料的复合，所制得的无纺布极大的满足制药行业对无尘擦拭布的多项性能要求，也包括无尘布本体的抗菌性能。
实施例一
如图1～图2所示，本发明所述的一种用于制药生产清洁消毒的无尘布的优选结构。
其中，本发明所述的用于制药生产清洁消毒的无尘布，包括由上至下依次紧密复合的第一超细纤维针织布层10、第一抗菌无纺布层20、超细纤维海绵层30、第二抗菌无纺布层40和第二超细纤维针织布层50。
本发明采用多层材料复合成型，在多层结构上无尘布具有较好的力学性能，擦拭性能好。位于最外层的为超细纤维针织布，具备手感柔软、擦拭效果好等特点，结合超细纤维的自身的特点，易形成精细高密度的组织结构，在织物中能形成大量的微细空隙，纳尘性能极佳。且超细纤维针织布的超细纤维具有较复杂的三维空间结构，能使无尘布很好的吸收较多的液体或灰尘，并且纤维很细，布很柔软，用作擦拭布时不会对物品表面造成损伤，非常合适作为制药设备的高级擦布。
另一方面，通过在无尘布中复合有一超细纤维海绵层，赋予无尘布优异的吸液能力，更有利于制药设备的清洁消毒的擦拭场合使用。且由超细纤维海绵层协同超细纤维针织布层，赋予无尘布极佳的擦拭性能和吸湿去污能力好等特性。另一方面，无尘布的吸液性能主要来源于超细纤维海绵层，还具备有效防止清洁剂/消毒剂等溢出造成反向污染的优点。
再一方面，通过在无尘布中复合有两层抗菌无纺布层，有效抑制无尘布中的微生物生长，使无尘布具有较好的抗菌效果。
一、关于本发明的超细纤维海绵层：
在本发明中，所述超细纤维海绵层采用以下原料制成：聚乙烯醇、胶原蛋白、棕榈纳米纤维素和氯已定。
胶原蛋白海绵具有比较好的粘弹性和机械性能，但是其具有力学性能差、含水时难以塑形等缺点。本发明通过将胶原蛋白与聚乙烯醇复合，可以改善其力学强度和可塑性。
擦拭产品较为明显的特点就是能够有效吸水。由于各个领域的污染源大都是以液体的形式存在，因此较高的吸水特性就意味着较强的清洁性能。为此，本发明采用上述原料制得的超细纤维海绵层，具有极佳的吸液能力，且还兼具优异的力学性能、透气及吸湿性能和抗菌性能，以综合提高无尘布的各方面性能，以满足多种高要求场合下的擦拭需要。
在一种具体实施中，本发明还提供了超细纤维海绵层的制备方法，所述超细纤维海绵层通过以下方法制备：
步骤S1：将质量分数20％PVA溶液和质量浓度为20g/L的胶原蛋白乙酸溶液进行混合，配置纺丝溶液，所述PVA与胶原蛋白的质量比为7:3。
在本实施例中，聚乙烯醇(PVA-1788,相对分子质量8500～124000，水解度87％～89％)。质量分数20％PVA溶液的配制：称取一定量的PVA-1788粉末,将其加入到三口烧瓶中,并加入适量的去离子水，在85℃水浴条件下加热，同时进行电动搅拌，使其充分溶解2h，备用。
胶原蛋白乙酸溶液的配制:胶原蛋白为实验室通过胃蛋白酶法从新鲜猪皮中提取，再经过多次提纯、冷冻干燥而制成的海绵状胶原。将实验室冷冻干燥制备的胶原海绵加入到0.5mol/L的乙酸溶液中，在室温下通过磁力搅拌使其溶解，配制成质量浓度分别为20g/L的胶原蛋白乙酸水溶液。
步骤S2：向纺丝溶液中，添加质量分数3％的棕榈纳米纤维素和添加质量分数为2％的氯已定，充分搅拌均匀。
在本发明中，通过向纺丝溶液体系中原位引入长效抑菌的CHX来赋予纤维海绵高效抗菌的性能。
步骤S3：将完全溶解的纺丝溶液分成五等份，然后转移到5根相同规格的注射器中，在静电纺丝机的滚筒上紧密贴合所述的第二抗菌无纺布层，用于接收和转移静电纺丝纤维。
步骤S4：启动静电纺丝机，制得超细纤维海绵层，其中，所述静电纺丝机的工作参数为滚筒转速25rpm、滑台移动距离30cm、灌注速度4ml/h、纺丝距离25cm和电压30KV。
本发明超细纤维海绵层的产品试验：
(1)孔隙率的测定
在20℃的条件下，取25mL的容量瓶加无水乙醇至刻度线，称重，记其为m1，取一定量的海绵，称重记为m0，将样品浸没于乙醇中，使无水乙醇充盈海绵的孔隙之中，封口并静置24h，再将容量瓶中刻度线以上的无水乙醇吸去，称重记为m2，将浸满无水乙醇的海绵取出，称量剩余无水乙醇剂容量瓶的总质量记为m3。不同比例的混合海绵的孔隙率K可按公式计算。
试验结果表明，纤维海绵具有较好的蓬松度，孔隙率为98.44％。
(2)吸水倍率和保水倍率测定
将一定量的海绵浸入蒸馏水中24h(室温)，使用滤纸吸取样品表面的水分，称取湿重为m1。将试样用滤纸包裹放入离心管中离心10min(10000r/min)，称离心后复合海绵的质量为m2。将其置于烘箱中于105℃下烘干3h，冷却后称量，再烘干1h后直至称量为恒重，称重记为m0。其吸水率qx、保水率qb按照以下公式计算。
试验结果表明，海绵的吸水性和保水性高于纯的PVA海绵与纯胶原纤维海绵之间，有极佳的吸水性和保水性，这有利于擦拭时的吸液性能。
| 吸水倍率和保水倍率性能 | 吸水率(g/g) | 保水率(g/g) |
| 超细纤维海绵层 | 63.87 | 32.85 |
高保水性能够有效的吸收液体，防止液体滴落在设备表面而产生的交叉感染，同时能保证设备及生产环境的清洁。
(3)力学性能测试
制备对比例：样品不添加棕榈纳米纤维素，其他原料及工艺参数均相同。
进行拉伸的力学性能测试。将样品剪成25mm×5mm的长条，用游标卡尺测量其厚度。纤维海绵要从不同的位置剪取样品至少10个样品，以确保实验的准确性。
| 样品 | 断裂伸长率/％ | 抗张强度/Mpa |
| 实施例1 | 248.6 | 43.82 |
| 对比例 | 185.6 | 32.47 |
本发明选用纳米棕榈纤维,利用其螺旋结构缠绕在聚合物分子上以增强纤维的力学性能，通过螺旋结构将外载荷渗透进行转移，进而使纤维海绵的抗张强度提升。纳米棕榈纤维是一种具有多尺度结构的天然纤维，通过其特殊的Z-螺旋结构，具有更高的结构度，从而缠绕更多的聚合物分子，具有补强纤维力学性能的效果。
本发明通过两层抗菌无纺布层和具备抗菌功能的超细纤维海绵层，协同增强无尘布的抗菌性能，其有效抑制无尘布中的微生物生长，且具备长效抑菌的优势，使无尘布具有较好的抗菌效果，且更有利于储存。本发明无尘布产品的性能与制药行业的关联度更强。
二、关于本发明的聚丙烯熔喷无纺布
在本发明中，所述第一抗菌无纺布层和第二抗菌无纺布层均采用聚丙烯熔喷无纺布，所述聚丙烯熔喷无纺布依次经过等离子体亲水处理和抗菌后整理。
在一种具体实施中，所述等离子体亲水处理具体为：以氧气为气氛，等离子体设备的处理功率75W和气体流量5mL/min，对聚丙烯熔喷无纺布进行等离子体处理，处理时间180s。其中，聚丙烯熔喷无纺布选用65g/㎡的规格。
聚丙烯疏水性强，会导致后续的抗菌整理剂在后整理工序中难以达到理想的上载效果，为此，本发明在功能化整理之前，通过等离子技术进行亲水处理。利用等离子中高能粒子作用于纤维，刻蚀活化材料表面从而提高其吸水性。
接触角测量：接触角测量采用接触角测量仪对聚丙烯熔喷无纺布进行亲疏水性能测试。测试时采用液滴法确定样品的静态接触角。将等离子体处理后的试样放置在载玻片上，调整针头离开试样一定距离,滴加5μL的去离子水。每个样品取10个点进行测试，结果取平均值。
检测发现，聚丙烯熔喷无纺布的静态接触角从130.6°下降到27.4°，提升聚丙烯熔喷无纺布的亲水性，提高了无尘布的产品性能。另一方面，观察织物表观形貌发现,等离子体处理能够为抗菌整理剂与聚丙烯熔喷无纺布表面之间提供了更多、更均匀的结合位点,使得整理剂高效且均匀地附着在聚丙烯纤维上。
在一种具体实施中，所述抗菌后整理具体为：将等离子体处理后的聚丙烯熔喷无纺布，50℃下浸渍于5g/L抗菌整理液15min，在LP-400立式轧车上轧压，然后再按上述浸轧条件重复浸轧一次，最后将织物于80℃烘干；其中，所述抗菌整理液为海泡石抗菌整理液。
在一种具体实施中，海泡石抗菌整理液通过如下方法制备：先对海泡石进行酸热活化改性，再加入AgNO3溶液中，制备负载银离子的海泡石抗菌材料。取100目的海泡石粉末于烧杯中，加入6mol/L的HCL中，在50℃下盐酸改性60min，然后陈化24h，经过洗滤和烘干后，放入坩埚内，放入SX2-8-16NP型马弗炉中，在600℃热改性60min。冷却至室温，研磨成粉末，加入5mol/LAgNO3溶液中进行反应，在60℃下负载银离子45min；最后洗涤、脱水、烘干备用。
产品试验：
(1)抗菌性能：参照GB/T20944.3-2008《纺织品抗菌性能的评价(第3部分)：振荡法》测定，根据下式计算试验结果式中：A表示空白对照样培养24h后的菌落数；B表示抗菌整理样培养24h后的菌落数。菌落采用DH3600恒温培养箱培养。
经过检测发现，聚丙烯无纺布获得较好的抗菌功能，具有广谱抗菌效果，且对多种菌种的抗菌率均能达到99％。
海泡石作为一种黏土矿物，本身具备良好的吸附性、离子交换性、缓释性和负载性等；经酸热活化后，有效打开了被杂质封闭的结构通道，增加活性位点，孔隙及表面积增大，吸附性能进一步得到提高；当金属银离子与活化后的海泡石接触后，容易“进驻”到海泡石的孔道结构和酸处理后的缺陷位置中。
在抗菌过程中，银离子被缓释出来，通过静电作用强化了与细菌的接触，穿透细胞壁进入细菌体内，破坏细胞膜，使细胞膜的选择透过性受损，造成还原糖和蛋白质等细菌内容物流出，并进一步与细菌细胞中的蛋白质、核酸中的硫基(-SH)、氨基(-NH2)、羧基(-COOH)等反应，抑制蛋白质的合成，使体内的蛋白质凝固，细胞丧失合成酶的活性，破坏细胞分裂增殖能力，并干扰细胞壁的合成，使细胞壁失去保护作用进而最终致使细菌的死亡。
另一方面，通过等离子体处理能够为抗菌整理剂与聚丙烯熔喷无纺布表面之间提供了更多、更均匀的结合位点,使得整理剂中海泡石高效且均匀地附着在聚丙烯纤维上。
(2)接触角测量：接触角测量采用接触角测量仪对聚丙烯熔喷无纺布进行亲疏水性能测试。测试时采用液滴法确定样品的静态接触角。将等离子体处理后的试样放置在载玻片上，调整针头离开试样一定距离,滴加5μL的去离子水。每个样品取10个点进行测试，结果取平均值。
检测发现，聚丙烯熔喷无纺布的静态接触角从130.6°下降到15.3°。可见，通过海泡石材料本身的吸附性、吸湿性能增强的特性，复合到聚丙烯无纺布后，增强了聚丙烯无纺布的吸水性。
实施例二
本实施例二所述的一种用于制药生产清洁消毒的无尘布，其采用的结构、材料和制备工艺均与实施例一的完全相同，不同之处在于，本发明提供了超细纤维针织布的优选实施方式。
在本发明中，所述第一超细纤维针织布层和所述第二超细纤维针织布层均采用涤纶/锦纶超细纤维针织布，涤纶/锦纶(80/20)超细纤维的纱线线密度为18.6tex，横密为16纵行/5cm，纵密为18横列/5cm，面密度为160g/㎡。
结合超细纤维的自身的特点，在无尘布表面中形成精细高密度的组织结构，在织物中能形成大量的微细空隙，纳尘性能极佳。使本发明无尘布的纤维不易脱落，不会造成二次污染；产品的比表面积大，毛细效应好，因此有很强的纳尘、去油污能力、吸液能力和优异的清洁性能，特别适用于高洁净度要求较高的制药设备等的使用。
在一种优选实施中，第一超细纤维针织布层和第二超细纤维针织布层的面积要比第一抗菌无纺布层、超细纤维海绵层和第二抗菌无纺布层，第一超细纤维针织布层和第二超细纤维针织布层共同包裹第一抗菌无纺布层、超细纤维海绵层和第二抗菌无纺布层，形成三文治结构。第一超细纤维针织布层和第二超细纤维针织布层的外轮廓边缘通过热压合固接成一整体。
本实施例所述一种用于制药生产清洁消毒的无尘布的其它结构参见现有技术。
以上所述，仅是本发明的较佳实施例而已，并非对本发明作任何形式上的限制，故凡是未脱离本发明技术方案内容，依据本发明的技术实质对以上实施例所作的任何修改、等同变化与修饰,均仍属于本发明技术方案的范围内。
Claims (8)
1.一种用于制药生产清洁消毒的无尘布，其特征在于：
所述无尘布包括由上至下依次紧密复合的第一超细纤维针织布层、第一抗菌无纺布层、超细纤维海绵层、第二抗菌无纺布层和第二超细纤维针织布层。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种用于制药生产清洁消毒的无尘布，其特征在于：
所述超细纤维海绵层采用以下原料制成：聚乙烯醇、胶原蛋白、棕榈纳米纤维素和氯已定。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种用于制药生产清洁消毒的无尘布，其特征在于，所述超细纤维海绵层通过以下方法制备：
将质量分数20％PVA溶液和质量浓度为20g/L的胶原蛋白乙酸溶液进行混合，配置纺丝溶液，所述PVA与胶原蛋白的质量比为7:3；
向纺丝溶液中，添加质量分数3％的棕榈纳米纤维素和添加质量分数为2％的氯已定，充分搅拌均匀；
将完全溶解的纺丝溶液分成五等份，然后转移到5根相同规格的注射器中，在静电纺丝机的滚筒上紧密贴合所述的第二抗菌无纺布层，用于接收和转移静电纺丝纤维；
启动静电纺丝机，制得超细纤维海绵层。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种用于制药生产清洁消毒的无尘布，其特征在于：
所述静电纺丝机的工作参数为滚筒转速25rpm、滑台移动距离30cm、灌注速度4ml/h、纺丝距离25cm和电压30KV。
5.根据权利要求1至4任意一项所述的一种用于制药生产清洁消毒的无尘布，其特征在于：
所述第一抗菌无纺布层和第二抗菌无纺布层均采用聚丙烯熔喷无纺布，所述聚丙烯熔喷无纺布依次经过等离子体亲水处理和抗菌后整理。
6.根据权利要求5所述的一种用于制药生产清洁消毒的无尘布，其特征在于：
所述等离子体亲水处理具体为：以氧气为气氛，等离子体设备的处理功率75W和气体流量5mL/min，对聚丙烯熔喷无纺布进行等离子体处理，处理时间180s。
7.根据权利要求6所述的一种用于制药生产清洁消毒的无尘布，其特征在于：
所述抗菌后整理具体为：将等离子体处理后的聚丙烯熔喷无纺布，50℃下浸渍于5g/L抗菌整理液15min，在立式轧车上轧压，然后再按上述浸轧条件重复浸轧一次，最后将织物于80℃烘干；
其中，所述抗菌整理液为海泡石抗菌整理液。
8.根据权利要求1至4任意一项所述的一种用于制药生产清洁消毒的无尘布，其特征在于：
所述第一超细纤维针织布层和所述第二超细纤维针织布层均采用涤纶/锦纶超细纤维针织布，涤纶/锦纶超细纤维的纱线线密度为18.6tex，横密为16纵行/5cm，纵密为18横列/5cm，面密度为160g/㎡。
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