CN117069985A - 一种多磺酸基共聚型聚苯并咪唑两性离子交换膜及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种多磺酸基共聚型聚苯并咪唑两性离子交换膜及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000003014 ion exchange membrane Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 229920002480 polybenzimidazole Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
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- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Malonic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- WHUCYROEYGJKNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,5-dihydroxybenzenesulfonic acid;potassium Chemical compound [K].OC1=CC=C(O)C(S(O)(=O)=O)=C1 WHUCYROEYGJKNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 7
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- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
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- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- CXUQAVOZQNMTRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzene-1,4-diol;potassium Chemical compound [K].OC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 CXUQAVOZQNMTRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- VKDSBABHIXQFKH-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium;4-hydroxy-3-sulfophenolate Chemical compound [K+].OC1=CC=C(O)C(S([O-])(=O)=O)=C1 VKDSBABHIXQFKH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000542 sulfonic acid group Chemical group 0.000 abstract description 9
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 8
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- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ether Substances CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UQSQSQZYBQSBJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluorosulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(F)(=O)=O UQSQSQZYBQSBJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- UJMWVICAENGCRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen difluoride Chemical compound FOF UJMWVICAENGCRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001456 vanadium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明属于两性离子交换膜技术领域,公开了一种多磺酸基共聚型聚苯并咪唑两性离子交换膜及其制备方法,通过制备带有磺酸基团的二酸单体,醚键单体促进聚合物的溶解性,间苯二甲酸‑5‑磺酸钠单体促进聚合物膜的吸水,降低膜的阻抗,使得更加有利于质子传导。磺酸基团和咪唑单体之间的离子交联作用限制膜的溶胀,增强膜的稳定性。所制备的膜具有较好的稳定性和较高的离子传导率,可应用于全钒液流电池中。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于两性离子交换膜技术领域,涉及到一种多磺酸基的聚苯并咪唑两性离子交换膜及其制备方法。
背景技术
随着化石能源的持续使用,再加上当今社会不断增加的能源消耗活动,导致了严重的能源危机和环境污染,因此需要开发更高效的能源。风能和太阳能等可再生能源已被广泛认为是实现清洁能源和可靠发电的可持续替代方案。为了有效利用风能和太阳能等间歇性可再生能源,现代电化学储能装置的开发投入了大量精力。液流电池系统的各种优点使其成为适合大规模电化学储能应用的最有前途的技术之一。
在液流电池中,离子交换隔膜的基本功能是隔离参与电极反应的氧化还原对的离子,以防止自放电,同时允许特定离子(电荷载流子)以高速率穿过膜,以完成电路传输。IEM在氧化还原活性离子和电荷载流子之间的选择性渗透性决定了库仑效率,并最终决定了液流电池的能量效率。高性能VRFB的理想膜应具备以下特点:(i)良好的离子传导性,(ii)高离子选择性,(iii)良好的化学和机械稳定性,以及(iv)低成本。
商用全氟磺酸膜材料,如Nafion系列,被广泛用于液流电池中,它们由聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)的疏水骨架和-SO3H基团连接的全氟醚亲水侧链组成。Timothy D.Gierke在论文Iontransport and clustering in nafion perfluorinated membranes中报道了在溶剂化条件下,亲水基团附着在疏水域上,形成连续的高速公路,形成簇网络结构,该结构由4nm的离子簇与1nm的狭窄水通道连接而成。它可以基于Grotthuss机制和车载机制高度传输离子。此外,PTFE主链结构确保了恶劣条件下的高化学稳定性。但是Nafion膜往往表现出过于严重的钒离子渗透性,从而导致电池容量降低和电池性能下降效率,并且其成本高昂。因此寻找低成本、低钒渗透性的膜成为目前关注的热点之一。
发明内容
本发明旨在提高两性离子交换膜的离子传导率、化学稳定性和机械稳定性,通过制备带有磺酸基团的二酸单体,醚键单体促进聚合物的溶解性,间苯二甲酸-5-磺酸钠单体促进聚合物膜的吸水,降低膜的阻抗,使得更加有利于质子传导。磺酸基团和咪唑单体之间的离子交联作用限制膜的溶胀,增强膜的稳定性。所制备的膜具有较好的稳定性和较高的离子传导率,可应用于全钒液流电池中。
本发明的技术方案:
一种多磺酸基共聚型聚苯并咪唑两性离子交换膜,其结构如下:
其中,x=0.5~0.7,y=0.3~0.5。
一种多磺酸基共聚型聚苯并咪唑两性离子交换膜的制备方法,步骤如下:
(1)含磺酸基的二羧酸(OBAS)单体的合成:在装有恒压滴液漏斗及回流冷凝管的三口烧瓶中加入2,5-二羟基苯磺酸钾、对氟苯甲腈、碳酸钾及溶剂A,在氮气保护下,机械搅拌,先常温反应2h,再在温度为155℃条件下反应24h,停止加热,冷却至室温后将溶液倒入溶剂B中,过滤,烘干得到白色固体;
在氮气保护下,在三口烧瓶中加入上步中得到的白色产物、KOH,随后添加溶剂B,于100℃反应12h后停止加热,加入1mol/L HCl至pH=1时过滤,烘干得到含磺酸基的二羧酸(OBAS)单体;
所述的2,5-二羟基苯磺酸钾:对氟苯甲腈:碳酸钾的摩尔比为1:2:2;
所述2,5-二羟基苯磺酸钾在溶剂A中的摩尔浓度为0.8mol/L;
所述白色产物与KOH的质量比为1:10;
所述KOH在反应体系中浓度为1.3g/mL~1.6g/mL;
所述溶剂A为DMAc;
所述溶剂B为去离子水;
(2)聚苯并咪唑聚合物制备:在氮气环境下,先将溶剂C在温度为130℃条件下除氧;将OBAS单体、间苯二甲酸-5-磺酸钠单体以及3,3'-二氨基联苯胺单体溶于除氧后的溶剂C中,在150℃下先预聚7h,然后升温至200℃再反应至溶液变得粘稠;再将溶液在溶剂B中析出,过滤、洗涤、干燥得到聚合物;
所述OBAS单体:间苯二甲酸-5-磺酸钠单体:3,3'-二氨基联苯胺单体的摩尔比为0.5~0.7:0.3~0.5:1;
所述溶剂B为去离子水;
所述溶剂C为多聚磷酸;
(3)聚苯并咪唑两性离子交换膜的制备:将烘干后的聚合物溶于溶剂D中,溶解后离心去除杂质得到铸膜液;再将铸膜液浇铸成膜;将膜浸泡于3mol/L稀硫酸溶液中24~48h,得到两性离子交换膜;
所述的溶剂D为二甲基亚砜的一种;
所述的铸膜液质量浓度为0.13~0.22g/mL;
所述的浇铸法成膜的烘干温度为60~80℃,时间为24h。
本发明的有益效果:
(1)同时将OBAS单体和间苯二甲酸-5-磺酸钠单体同时引入到聚苯并咪唑聚合物中,使得BDPSPBI-x膜(x=30、40、50)相比于BDPSPBI-0膜和BDPSPBI-100膜在电池性上有所提升。200mA cm-2时,BDPSPBI-40膜EE为80.84%,BDPSPBI-0膜EE为72.25%,BDPSPBI-100膜,EE为76.69%。
(2)同时将OBAS单体和间苯二甲酸-5-磺酸钠单体同时引入到聚苯并咪唑聚合物中,使得BDPSPBI-x膜(x=30、40、50)比BDPSPBI-100膜具有更好的溶解性。
具体实施方式
以下结合实施案例对本发明做进一步详细的描述,但是本发明的实施方式并不仅限于此。
实施例1间苯二甲酸-5-磺酸钠占比0%
含磺酸基的二羧酸(OBAS)单体的合成:在装有恒压滴液漏斗及回流冷凝管的250mL三口烧瓶中加入2,5-二羟基苯磺酸钾(60mmol)、对氟苯甲腈(120mmol)、碳酸钾(120mmol)及DMAc(75mL),在氮气保护下,机械搅拌,常温反应2h,在155℃反应24h,停止加热,冷却至室温后将溶液倒入去离子水中,过滤,烘干得到白色固体。
在氮气保护下,在500mL三口烧瓶中加入上一步白色产物(5g)、KOH(50g)和去离子水(32mL),于100℃反应12h后停止加热,加入1mol/L HCl至pH=1时过滤,烘干得到白色固体。
聚苯并咪唑聚合物制备:氮气保护下,在干燥的三口烧瓶中加入50g多聚磷酸,先在130℃下除氧1h,然后加入3,3'-二氨基联苯胺(0.005mol),二羧酸磺酸基单体(0.005mol)于150℃反应3h,升温至200℃反应至聚合物溶液粘稠,停止加热,快速倒入水中,聚合物呈棕色硬粗条状。经去离子水洗后加入到200mL质量分数为10%的NaHCO3溶液中,在60℃下搅拌36h,过滤烘干,然后再将聚合物用去离子水清洗至中性,得到BDPSPBI-0膜。
本实例所得到的两性离子交换膜的结构如下:
经测试表明,本实施例中所制备BDPSPBI-0膜在水溶液中,吸水率为26%,溶胀度为10%。在全钒液流电池中,200mA cm-2时,CE为99.89%,EE为72.25%。
实施例2间苯二甲酸-5-磺酸钠占比30%
含磺酸基的二羧酸(OBAS)单体的合成:在装有恒压滴液漏斗及回流冷凝管的250mL三口烧瓶中加入2,5-二羟基苯磺酸钾(60mmol)、对氟苯甲腈(120mmol)、碳酸钾(120mmol)及DMAc(75mL),在氮气保护下,机械搅拌,常温反应2h,在155℃反应24h,停止加热,冷却至室温后将溶液倒入去离子水中,过滤,烘干得到白色固体。
在氮气保护下,在500mL三口烧瓶中加入上一步白色产物(5g)、KOH(50g)和去离子水(32mL),于100℃反应12h后停止加热,加入1mol/L HCl至pH=1时过滤,烘干得到白色固体。
聚苯并咪唑聚合物制备:氮气保护下,在干燥的三口烧瓶中加入50g多聚磷酸,先在130℃下除氧1h,然后加入3,3'-二氨基联苯胺(0.005mol),二羧酸磺酸基单体(0.0035mol),间苯二甲酸-5-磺酸钠(0.0015mol)于150℃反应7h,升温至200℃反应至聚合物溶液粘稠,停止加热,快速倒入去离子水中,聚合物呈棕色硬粗条状。经去离子水洗后加入到200mL质量分数为10%的NaHCO3溶液中,在60℃下搅拌36h,过滤烘干.然后再将聚合物用去离子水清洗至中性,制备了BDPSPBI-30膜。
本实例所得到的两性离子交换膜的结构如下:
x=0.7,y=0.3
经测试表明,本实施例中所制备的多磺酸基共聚型聚苯并咪唑两性离子交换膜在水溶液中,吸水率为28%,溶胀度为8%。在全钒液流电池中,200mA cm-2时,CE为99.85%,EE为72.21%。
实施例3间苯二甲酸-5-磺酸钠占比40%
含磺酸基的二羧酸(OBAS)单体的合成:在装有恒压滴液漏斗及回流冷凝管的250mL三口烧瓶中加入2,5-二羟基苯磺酸钾(60mmol)、对氟苯甲腈(120mmol)、碳酸钾(120mmol)及DMAc(75mL),在氮气保护下,机械搅拌,常温反应2h,在155℃反应24h,停止加热,冷却至室温后将溶液倒入去离子水中,过滤,烘干得到白色固体。
在氮气保护下,在500mL三口烧瓶中加入上一步白色产物(5g)、KOH(50g)和去离子水(32mL),于100℃反应12h后停止加热,加入1mol/L HCl至pH=1时过滤,烘干得到白色固体。
聚苯并咪唑聚合物制备:氮气保护下,在干燥的三口烧瓶中加入50g多聚磷酸,先在130℃下除氧1h,然后加入3,3'-二氨基联苯胺(0.005mol),二羧酸磺酸基单体(0.003mol),间苯二甲酸-5-磺酸钠(0.002mol)于150℃反应7h,升温至200℃反应至聚合物溶液粘稠,停止加热,快速倒入去离子水中,聚合物呈棕色硬粗条状。经去离子水洗后加入到200mL质量分数为10%的NaHCO3溶液中,在60℃下搅拌36h,过滤烘干.然后再将聚合物用去离子水清洗至中性,制备了BDPSPBI-40膜。
本实例所得到的两性离子交换膜的结构如下:
x=0.6,y=0.4
经测试表明,本实施例中所制备的多磺酸基共聚型聚苯并咪唑两性离子交换膜在水溶液中,吸水率为36%,溶胀度为11%。在全钒液流电池中,200mA cm-2时,CE为99.51%,EE为80.84%。
实施例4间苯二甲酸-5-磺酸钠占比50%
含磺酸基的二羧酸(OBAS)单体的合成:在装有恒压滴液漏斗及回流冷凝管的250mL三口烧瓶中加入2,5-二羟基苯磺酸钾(60mmol)、对氟苯甲腈(120mmol)、碳酸钾(120mmol)及DMAc(75mL),在氮气保护下,机械搅拌,常温反应2h,在155℃反应24h,停止加热,冷却至室温后将溶液倒入去离子水中,过滤,烘干得到白色固体。
在氮气保护下,在500mL三口烧瓶中加入上一步白色产物(5g)、KOH(50g)和去离子水(32mL),于100℃反应12h后停止加热,加入1mol/L HCl至pH=1时过滤,烘干得到白色固体。
聚苯并咪唑聚合物制备:氮气保护下,在干燥的三口烧瓶中加入50g多聚磷酸,先在130℃下除氧1h,然后加入3,3'-二氨基联苯胺(0.005mol),二羧酸磺酸基单体(0.0025mol),间苯二甲酸-5-磺酸钠(0.0025mol)于150℃反应7h,升温至200℃反应至聚合物溶液粘稠,停止加热,快速倒入去离子水中,聚合物呈棕色硬粗条状。经去离子水洗后加入到200mL质量分数为10%的NaHCO3溶液中,在60℃下搅拌36h,过滤烘干.然后再将聚合物用去离子水清洗至中性,制备了BDPSPBI-50膜。
本实例所得到的两性离子交换膜的结构如下:
x=0.5,y=0.5
经测试表明,本实施例中所制备的多磺酸基共聚型聚苯并咪唑两性离子交换膜在水溶液中,吸水率为40%,溶胀度为13%。在全钒液流电池中,200mA cm-2时,CE为94.4%,EE为78.37%。
实施例5间苯二甲酸-5-磺酸钠占比100%
含磺酸基的二羧酸(OBAS)单体的合成:在装有恒压滴液漏斗及回流冷凝管的250mL三口烧瓶中加入2,5-二羟基苯磺酸钾(60mmol)、对氟苯甲腈(120mmol)、碳酸钾(120mmol)及DMAc(75mL),在氮气保护下,机械搅拌,常温反应2h,在155℃反应24h,停止加热,冷却至室温后将溶液倒入去离子水中,过滤,烘干得到白色固体。
在氮气保护下,在500mL三口烧瓶中加入上一步白色产物(5g)、KOH(50g)和去离子水(32mL),于100℃反应12h后停止加热,加入1mol/L HCl至pH=1时过滤,烘干得到白色固体。
聚苯并咪唑聚合物制备:氮气保护下,在干燥的三口烧瓶中加入50g多聚磷酸,先在130℃下除氧1h,然后加入3,3'-二氨基联苯胺(0.005mol),间苯二甲酸-5-磺酸钠(0.005mol)于150℃反应7h,升温至200℃反应至聚合物溶液粘稠,停止加热,快速倒入去离子水中,聚合物呈棕色硬粗条状。经去离子水洗后加入到200mL质量分数为10%的NaHCO3溶液中,在60℃下搅拌36h,过滤烘干.然后再将聚合物用去离子水清洗至中性,制备了BDPSPBI-100膜。
本实例所得到的两性离子交换膜的结构如下:
经测试表明,本实施例中所制备的BDPSPBI-100膜在水溶液中,吸水率为45%,溶胀度为18%。在全钒液流电池中,200mA cm-2时,CE为91.06%,EE为76.69%。
Claims (2)
1.一种多磺酸基共聚型聚苯并咪唑两性离子交换膜,其特征在于,该多磺酸基共聚型聚苯并咪唑两性离子交换膜的结构如下:
其中,x=0.5~0.7,y=0.3~0.5。
2.一种多磺酸基共聚型聚苯并咪唑两性离子交换膜的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤如下:
(1)含磺酸基的二羧酸OBAS单体的合成:在装有恒压滴液漏斗及回流冷凝管的三口烧瓶中加入2,5-二羟基苯磺酸钾、对氟苯甲腈、碳酸钾及溶剂A,在氮气保护下,机械搅拌,先常温反应2h,再在温度为155℃条件下反应24h,停止加热,冷却至室温后将溶液倒入溶剂B中,过滤,烘干得到白色固体;
在氮气保护下,在三口烧瓶中加入上步中得到的白色产物、KOH,随后添加溶剂B,于100℃反应12h后停止加热,加入1mol/L HCl至pH=1时过滤,烘干得到含磺酸基的二羧酸OBAS单体;
所述的2,5-二羟基苯磺酸钾:对氟苯甲腈:碳酸钾的摩尔比为1:2:2;
所述2,5-二羟基苯磺酸钾在溶剂A中的摩尔浓度为0.8mol/L;
所述白色产物与KOH的质量比为1:10;
所述KOH在反应体系中浓度为1.3g/mL~1.6g/mL;
所述溶剂A为DMAc;
所述溶剂B为去离子水;
(2)聚苯并咪唑聚合物制备:在氮气环境下,先将溶剂C在温度为130℃条件下除氧;将OBAS单体、间苯二甲酸-5-磺酸钠单体以及3,3'-二氨基联苯胺单体溶于除氧后的溶剂C中,在150℃下先预聚7h,然后升温至200℃再反应至溶液变得粘稠;再将溶液在溶剂B中析出,过滤、洗涤、干燥得到聚合物;
所述OBAS单体:间苯二甲酸-5-磺酸钠单体:3,3'-二氨基联苯胺单体的摩尔比为0.5~0.7:0.3~0.5:1;
所述溶剂B为去离子水;
所述溶剂C为多聚磷酸;
(3)聚苯并咪唑两性离子交换膜的制备:将烘干后的聚合物溶于溶剂D中,溶解后离心去除杂质得到铸膜液;再将铸膜液浇铸成膜;将膜浸泡于3mol/L稀硫酸溶液中24~48h,得到两性离子交换膜;
所述的溶剂D为二甲基亚砜的一种;
所述的铸膜液质量浓度为0.13~0.22g/mL;
所述的浇铸法成膜的烘干温度为60~80℃,时间为24h。
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