CN117064974B - 一种用于膝骨关节炎消肿镇痛的中药组合物、中药贴膏及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种用于膝骨关节炎消肿镇痛的中药组合物、中药贴膏及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本申请公开了一种用于膝骨关节炎消肿镇痛的中药组合物、中药贴膏及其制备方法,属于中药技术领域。本申请用于膝骨关节炎消肿镇痛的中药组合物包括以下重量份的组分:当归6~15份、红花5~10份、大黄10~15份、连翘10~20份、续断8~20份、木鳖子10~15份、白芷5~10份、赤芍5~15份、生地10~20份、甘草3~10份、儿茶5~10份、乳香5~8份、没药5~8份、血竭10~20份、樟脑8~15份、薄荷脑5~10份、冰片5~10份、白术25~30份、茯苓15~20份、白附子5~10份、穿山龙10~15份和桑寄生15~20份,其主治膝骨关节炎气滞血瘀、脾虚湿阻证,能有效缓解KOA疼痛,快速消肿,改善膝关节功能,而且价格实惠、疗效显著并稳定,不良反应小,制作简便,适用于制备中药贴膏等产品。
Description
技术领域
本申请属于中药技术领域,具体涉及一种用于膝骨关节炎消肿镇痛的中药组合物、中药贴膏及其制备方法。
背景技术
膝骨关节炎(knee osteoarthritis,KOA)是我国常见的难治性骨关节疾病,是肢体致畸、致残的主要原因之一,与之相关的临床症状(关节肿胀、疼痛,严重时关节畸形等)及医疗支出严重威胁患者的身心健康以及生活质量。目前,KOA以保守对症治疗为主,但利弊关系仍需要衡量:各种剂型非甾体类抗炎药(NSAIDs)的长期应用与消化道及心血管不良事件高发有关;阿片类药物(口服或外用)使用相关的成瘾性、恶心呕吐等;关节腔注射糖皮质激素类药物能迅速缓解炎症,但亦会造成软骨基质的快速降解,一年内使用次数不得超过2次;玻璃酸钠和几丁糖的临床疗效尚存在争论;富含血小板血浆(PRP)关节腔注射有助于软骨修复而延缓疾病进展,但其费用较高,不适合广泛使用;运动训练对于早、中期KOA确有疗效,但患者依从性较差,难以坚持。
KOA是中医骨伤科治疗的优势病种,中药膏药贴敷是传统中医外治法之一,在局部患膝外敷膏药,药力直接透皮渗入,有消肿、止痛的功效,在获得满意临床疗效的同时能够显著减少西药的使用量及相关不良反应的发生率,同时,其往往操作简单,使用方便,价格实惠,即“简、便、验、廉”,故而开发出疗效满意、毒副作用小、性价比高的中药贴膏对KOA的临床治疗具有重要的社会意义。目前,用于治疗KOA的贴膏主要有含非甾体类抗炎药的贴膏如氟比洛芬凝胶贴膏、洛索洛芬钠凝胶贴膏、酮洛芬贴片、吲哚美辛巴布膏等;含阿片类药物的贴膏如丁丙诺啡透皮贴剂、透皮贴等;已批准上市的含中药成分的贴膏如复方南星止痛膏、麝香跌打风湿膏、云南白药贴膏、消炎镇痛膏、活血止痛膏、伤湿止痛膏、天和追风膏、骨通贴膏、神农镇痛膏等;此外,很多医院亦有自主研发的院内制剂贴膏。皮肤不良反应事件(红疹、瘙痒等)是绝大多数贴膏存在的共性问题,除此之外,含非甾体类抗炎药的贴膏可见胃肠道不良反应如上腹不适、隐痛、饱胀、嗳气、食欲减退及消化不良等症状,长期使用者可发生消化道溃疡等;含阿片类药物的贴膏则易出现头痛、头晕、恶心呕吐等,长期应用者可致成瘾性、呼吸抑制等。这些不良反应将明显降低患者治疗的依从性。同时,这些贴膏的价格相对较高,经济性一般。相对于上述贴膏,含中药成分的贴膏经济性良好,但因所含中药成分及制备工艺不同,疗效因人而异。更为重要的是,KOA中医病机较为复杂,气滞血瘀并不是KOA唯一的病机,而现有的用于治疗KOA的中药贴膏主要由活血、化瘀、止痛类中药组成,故功效较为局限,对疼痛效果良好,而对肿胀的改善相对不足,有待优化,增强临床疗效,改善患者生活质量。
发明内容
为了克服现有技术的上述缺点与不足,本申请的目的在于提供一种用于膝骨关节炎消肿镇痛的中药组合物、中药贴膏及其制备方法。
为了实现上述目的,第一方面本申请提供了一种用于膝骨关节炎消肿镇痛的中药组合物,包括以下重量份的组分:当归6~15份、红花5~10份、大黄10~15份、连翘10~20份、续断8~20份、木鳖子10~15份、白芷5~10份、赤芍5~15份、生地10~20份、甘草3~10份、儿茶5~10份、乳香5~8份、没药5~8份、血竭10~20份、樟脑8~15份、薄荷脑5~10份、冰片5~10份、白术25~30份、茯苓15~20份、白附子5~10份、穿山龙10~15份和桑寄生15~20份。
当归:为伞形科植物当归的干燥根。性味甘、辛,温。归肝、心、脾经。具有补血活血,调经止痛,润肠通便的功效。可治疗血虚萎黄,眩晕心悸;血虚、血瘀之月经不调,经闭痛经;虚寒腹痛,风湿痹痛,跌扑损伤,痈疽疮疡;血虚肠燥便秘等。现代药理学表明,其主要含挥发油:藁本内醋,正丁烯呋内酯,香荆芥酚,马鞭草烯酮,黄樟醚,对乙基苯甲醛等;有机酸类成分:阿魏酸,香草酸,烟酸,琥珀酸;还含多糖、维生素、氨基酸等。本品挥发油能对抗肾上腺素-垂体后叶素或组织胺对子宫的兴奋作用;水或醇溶性非挥发性物质对离体子宫有兴奋作用,醇溶性物质比水溶性物质作用强;水浸液能显著促进小鼠血红蛋白及红细胞的生成,当归及其阿魏酸钠有明显的抗血栓作用;本品浸膏有扩张离体豚鼠冠脉,增加冠脉血流量作用,对实验性心肌缺血有明显保护作用。此外,本品有增强机体免疫、抑制炎症后期肉芽组织增生、抗脂质过氧化、抗肿瘤、抗菌、抗辐射等作用(参见《中药学》,钟赣生主编,中国中医药出版社,新世纪第四版,第684-685页)。
红花:为菊科植物红花的干燥花。性味辛,温。归心、肝经。具有活血通经,散瘀止痛的功效。可治疗瘀血阻滞之经闭,痛经,恶露不行;瘀滞腹痛,胸痹心痛,胸胁刺痛,癥瘕痞块;跌扑损伤,疮疡肿痛;热郁血瘀,斑疹色暗。现代药理学表明,其主要含黄酮类成分:羟基红花黄色素A、山柰素、红花苷等;酚类成分:绿原酸、咖啡酸等;脂肪酸类成分:棕榈酸、月桂酸等;挥发性成分:马鞭烯酮,桂皮酸甲酯等化学成分。红花黄色素能扩张冠状动脉、改善心肌缺血;能扩张血管、降低血压;能对抗心律失常;能抑制血小板聚集,增强纤维蛋白溶解,降低全血黏度;对中枢神经系统有镇痛、镇静和抗惊厥作用。红花注射液、醇提物、红花苷能显著提高耐缺氧能力。红花煎剂对子宫和肠道平滑肌有兴奋作用。此外,红花醇提物和水提物有抗炎作用(参见《中药学》,钟赣生主编,中国中医药出版社,新世纪第四版,第501-502页)。
大黄:本品为蓼科植物掌叶大黄、唐古特大黄或药用大黄的干燥根和根茎。苦,寒。归脾、胃、大肠、肝、心包经。具有泻下攻积,清热泻火,凉血解毒,止血,逐瘀通经,利湿退黄的功效。可治疗实热积滞便秘;血热吐衄,目赤咽肿,牙龈肿痛;痈肿疔疮,肠痈腹痛;瘀血经闭,产后瘀阻,跌打损伤;湿热痢疾,黄疸尿赤,淋证,水肿;烧烫伤。现代药理学表明,其主要为蒽醌衍生物,主要包括蒽醌苷和双蒽醌苷。双蒽醌苷中有番泻苷A、B、C、D、E、F;游离型的苷元有大黄酸、大黄酚、大黄素、芦荟大黄素、大黄素甲醚等成分。大黄能增加肠蠕动,抑制肠内水分吸收,促进排便;大黄有抗感染作用,对多种革兰阳性和阴性细菌均有抑制作用,其中最敏感的为葡萄球菌和链球菌,还有止血、保肝、降压、降低血清胆固醇等作用(参见《中药学》,钟赣生主编,中国中医药出版社,新世纪第四版,第276-277页)。
连翘:本品为木犀科植物连翘的干燥果实。性味苦,微寒。归肺、心、小肠经。具有清热解毒,消肿散结,疏散风热的功效。可治疗痈疽,瘰疬,乳痈,丹毒;风热感冒,温病初起,热入营血、高热烦渴、神昏发斑;热淋涩痛。现代药理学表明,其主要含烃类、醛酮类、醇脂醚类化合物等挥发油,连翘酯苷A、C、D等苯乙醇苷类,连翘苷等木脂素、齐墩果酸等三萜,咖啡酸等有机酸等成分。连翘水煎液有广谱抗菌作用,对多种革兰阳性及阴性细菌有明显的抑制作用;连翘酯苷、连翘苷等具有抗氧化能力;其乙醇提取物对肿瘤细胞有抑制作用;其甲醇提取物有抗炎和止痛作用,还有抗过敏活性等作用(参见《中药学》,钟赣生主编,中国中医药出版社,新世纪第四版,第219-220页)。
续断:本品为川续断科植物川续断的干燥根。性味苦、辛,微温。归肝、肾经。具有补肝肾,强筋骨,续折伤,止崩漏的功效。可治疗肝肾不足,腰膝酸软,风湿痹痛;跌扑损伤,筋伤骨折;肝肾不足,崩漏经多,胎漏下血,胎动不安等。现代药理学表明,续断主要含三萜皂苷类成分:常春藤苷,川续断皂苷Ⅵ等;生物碱类成分:喜树次碱,川续断碱等;萜类成分:熊果酸,番木鳖苷等;还含黄酮类、甾醇等化学成分,能保护神经、抗肿瘤、抗氧化、抗炎、抗应激、保肝等(参见《中药学》,钟赣生主编,中国中医药出版社,新世纪第四版,第665-666页)。
木鳖子:本品为葫芦科植物木鳖的干燥成熟种子。性味苦、微甘,温,有毒。归肝、脾、胃经。具有消肿散结,活血散瘀,去毒止痛的功效。可治疗风湿骨痛、痔疮及疔疮肿痛。现代药理学表明,其主要含有木鳖子酸、木鳖子皂苷、丝石竹皂甙元、齐墩果酸、α-桐酸、气基酸、甾醇等成分。木鳖子皂苷能促进外周血循环,显著抑制角叉菜胶引起的足踝肿胀,有一定抗炎作用。
白芷:本品为伞形科植物白芷或杭白芷的干燥根。性味辛,温。归肺、胃、大肠经。具有解表散寒,祛风止痛,宣通鼻窍,燥湿止带,消肿排脓的功效。可治疗风寒感冒;头痛,眉棱骨痛,牙痛,风湿痹痛;鼻鼽,鼻渊,鼻塞流涕;带下;疮疡肿痛。现代药理学表明,其主要含香豆素类成分:欧前胡素,异欧前胡素,别欧前胡素,别异欧前胡素,氧化前胡素,水合氧化前胡素等成分。白芷水煎剂对大肠杆菌、痢疾杆菌、伤寒杆菌、绿脓杆菌、变形杆菌有一定抑制作用;有解热、抗炎、镇痛、解痉、抗癌作用(参见《中药学》,钟赣生主编,中国中医药出版社,新世纪第四版,第161-162页)。
赤芍:本品为毛茛科植物芍药或川赤芍的干燥根。性味苦、微寒。归肝经。具有清热凉血,散瘀止痛的功效。可治疗热入营血,温毒发斑,血热吐衄;目赤肿痛,痈肿疮疡;肝郁胁痛,经闭痛经,癥瘕腹痛,跌扑损伤。现代药理学表明,其主要含芍药苷、羟基芍药苷、苯甲酰芍药苷、苯甲酰羟基芍药苷等单萜苷类及没食子酸葡萄糖、丹皮酚等多元酚类化合物等成分。芍药苷对不同佐剂诱发的关节炎有显著的抑制作用,并能改善IgE复合体诱异的过敏炎症反应;芍药苷有解热镇痛、镇静等作用;丹皮酚等多元酚类具有抗血小板聚集、抗血栓形成、抗心肌缺血、改善微循环等作用(参见《中药学》,钟赣生主编,中国中医药出版社,新世纪第四版,第263-265页)。
生地:本品为玄参科植物地黄的干燥块根。性味甘,寒。归心、肝、肾经。具有清热凉血,养阴生津的功效。可治疗热入营血,温毒发斑;血热出血;热病伤阴,舌绛烦渴,内热消渴;阴虚发热,骨蒸劳热;津伤便秘。现代药理学表明,其主要含梓醇、二轻梓醇、乙酰梓醇、地黄苷、桃叶珊瑚苷、密力特苷、单密力特苷、去羟栀子苷、筋骨草苷等环萜烯苷类及毛蕊花糖苷等苯乙醇苷类成分。此外,还含有β-谷甾醇、多种氨基酸和糖类等成分。地黄苷、地黄低聚糖可增强体液免疫和细胞免疫功能。此外,还具有抗胃溃疡、促进造血、止血、降压、抗骨质疏松、对脑缺血、脑损伤及神经衰弱具有保护等作用(参见《中药学》,钟赣生主编,中国中医药出版社,新世纪第四版,第259-260页)。
甘草:本品为豆科植物甘草、胀果甘草或光果甘草的干燥根和根茎。性味甘,平。归心、肺、脾、胃经。具有补脾益气,清热解毒,祛痰止咳,缓急止痛,调和诸药的功效。可治疗脾胃虚弱,倦怠乏力;心气不足,心悸气短,脉结代;痈肿疮毒,咽喉肿痛;咳嗽痰多;脘腹、四肢挛急疼痛;缓解药物毒性、烈性等。现代药理学表明,甘草主要含甘草皂苷、甘草酸、甘草次酸等三萜类,甘草黄酮、异甘草黄酮、甘草素、异甘草素等黄酮类,还含有生物碱、多糖、香豆素、氨基酸及少量的挥发性成分等。甘草次酸和黄酮类成分具有抗心律失常作用。甘草酸类和黄酮类物质是甘草抗溃疡的两大主要活性成分。甘草水提物、甘草次酸、甘草的黄酮部位具有抗幽门螺杆菌作用。甘草水煎液、甘草浸膏、甘草素、异甘草素、甘草总黄酮等均可降低肠管紧张度,减少收缩幅度,具有解痉作用。甘草酸、甘草次酸及甘草的黄酮类化合物具有镇咳、祛痰、平喘作用。此外,甘草有抗利尿、降血脂、保肝和类似肾上腺皮质激素样作用(参见《中药学》,钟赣生主编,中国中医药出版社,新世纪第四版,第646-647页)。
儿茶:本品为豆科植物儿茶的去皮枝、干的干燥煎膏。性味苦、涩,微寒。归心、肺经。具有活血止痛、止血生肌、收湿敛疮、清肺化痰的功效。可治疗跌扑伤痛;外伤出血、吐血衄血、疮疡不敛、湿疹、湿疮、牙疳、下疳、痔疮;肺热咳嗽。现代药理学表明,其主要含黄烷醇衍生物:儿茶素,表儿茶素;黄酮类成分:槲皮素,山柰素等成分。儿茶有收敛、止泻、降压等作用(参见《中药学》,钟赣生主编,中国中医药出版社,新世纪第四版,第519-520页)。
乳香:为本品为橄榄科植物乳香树及同属植物树皮渗出的树脂。性味辛、苦,温。归心、肝、脾经。具有活血定痛,消肿生肌的功效。可治疗跌打损伤,痈肿疮疡;气滞血瘀,胸痹心痛,胃脘疼痛,痛经经闭,产后瘀阻,癥瘕腹痛,风湿痹痛,筋脉拘挛等。现代药理学表明,陈皮主要含有含挥发油:乙酸辛脂,α-蒎烯,榄香烯,1-辛醇,桉树脑等;树脂类成分:游离α,β-乳香脂酸,香树脂酮,乳香树脂烃等化学成分。乳香挥发油及醇提物有显著的镇痛作用;乳香提取物有较强的抗炎消肿作用;乳香具有广谱抗菌作用;乳香树脂有一定的抗氧化活性;乳香提取物能抗胃溃疡;醋制乳香能降低血小板黏附性;乳香可抑制肿瘤细胞的扩散和恶化而具抗肿瘤作用(参见《中药学》,钟赣生主编,中国中医药出版社,新世纪第四版,第496页)。
没药:为橄榄科植物地丁树或哈地丁树的干燥树脂。性味辛、苦,平。归心、肝、脾经。具有散瘀定痛,消肿生肌的功效。没药的功效主治与乳香相似,常与乳香相须为用,治疗跌打损伤、瘀滞疼痛,痈疽肿痛,疮疡溃后久不收口以及多种瘀滞痛证。现代药理学表明,没药主要含有主要含挥发油,树脂类成分,呋喃倍半萜类化合物等。没药油脂部分具有降脂、防止动脉内膜粥样斑块形成的作用;没药提取物有显著的镇痛作用;没药挥发油和树脂能抗肿瘤;没药水煎剂和挥发油有抗菌和消炎作用;没药挥发油能抑制子宫平滑肌收缩;没药提取物具有保肝作用(参见《中药学》,钟赣生主编,中国中医药出版社,新世纪第四版,第497页)。
血竭:本品为棕榈科植物麒麟竭果实渗出的树脂经加工制成。性味甘、咸,平。归心、肝经。具有活血定痛,化瘀止血,生肌敛疮的功效。可治疗跌打损伤,心腹瘀痛;外伤出血;疮疡不敛。现代药理学表明,其主要含血竭素、血竭红素、去甲基血竭素、去甲基血竭红素及黄烷醇、查耳酮、树脂酸等成分。血竭水煎醇沉液能明显降低红细胞压积,缩短血浆再钙化时间,抑制血小板聚集,防止血栓形成。血竭水提液对金黄色葡萄球菌、白色葡萄球菌及多种致病真菌有不同程度的抑制作用。此外,血竭还有一定的抗炎镇痛、降血脂、降血糖、改善机体免疫功能等作用。(参见《中药学》,钟赣生主编,中国中医药出版社,新世纪第四版,第518-519页)。
樟脑:本品为伞形科植物重齿毛当归的干燥根。性味辛,热,有毒。归心经、脾经。具有开窍辟秽、除湿杀虫、温散止痛的功效。可治疗疥癣瘙痒,湿疮溃烂;跌打伤痛,牙痛;痧胀腹痛,吐泻神昏。现代药理学表明,其主要成分为纯粹的右旋樟脑,是莰类化合物。樟脑可兴奋中枢神经系统,对于高级中枢尤为显著;对循环性虚脱或急性心功能衰竭有强心作用;其水溶性代谢产物有明显的强心、升压和兴奋呼吸的作用;对皮肤有温和的刺激及防腐作用;对胃肠道黏膜的刺激,小剂量使胃感到温暖及舒适,大量则能产生恶心呕吐;并有轻微的祛痰等作用。
薄荷脑:薄荷的主要成分,是一种挥发油。薄荷为唇形科植物薄荷的干燥地上部分。性味辛,凉。归肺、肝经。具有疏散风热,清利头目,利咽,透疹,疏肝行气的功效。可治疗风热感冒,温病初起;风热上攻,头痛眩晕,目赤多泪,喉痹,咽喉肿痛,口舌生疮;麻疹不透,风疹瘙痒;肝郁气滞,胸胁胀闷等。薄荷脑内服通过兴奋中枢神经系统,使皮肤毛细血管扩张,促进汗腺分泌,增加散热,而起到发汗解热作用。还能抑制胃肠平滑肌收缩,能对抗乙酰胆碱而呈现解痉作用。薄荷脑外用,能刺激神经末梢的冷感受器而产生冷感,并反射性地造成深部组织血管的变化而起到消炎、止痛、止痒、局部麻醉和抗刺激作用(参见《中药学》,钟赣生主编,中国中医药出版社,新世纪第四版,第69-70页)。
冰片:本品为龙脑香科植物龙脑香树脂的加工品,或龙脑香树的树干、树枝切碎,经蒸馏冷却而得的结晶。性味辛、苦,微寒。归心、脾,肺经。具有开窍醒神,清热止痛的功效。可治疗热病神昏,惊厥,中风痰厥,气郁暴厥,中恶昏迷;胸痹心痛;目赤肿痛,口舌生疮,咽喉肿痛,耳道流脓;疮疡肿痛,久溃不敛,烧烫伤等。现代药理学表明,冰片主要成分为右旋龙脑,从菊科植物艾纳香中提取的冰片主要含左旋龙脑,含少量桉油精、左旋樟脑、倍半萜醇等。机制冰片除含有龙脑外,还含有大量异龙脑。对中枢神经系统具有兴奋和抑制双重作用,龙脑、异龙脑均有耐缺氧作用,并改善缺血脑组织能量代谢,减轻脑损伤;本品还能抗心肌缺血,局部应用对感觉神经有轻微刺激,有一定的止痛及温和的防腐作用;本品对金黄色葡萄球菌、乙型溶血性链球菌、草绿色链球菌、肺炎球菌和大肠杆菌等在试管内均有明显抗菌作用,呈现出低浓度抑菌,高浓度杀菌的作用;本品还能抗生育,并具有促进药物吸收、影响药物分布等作用(参见《中药学》,钟赣生主编,中国中医药出版社,新世纪第四版,第624页)。
白术:为菊科植物白术的干燥根茎,性味甘、苦,温。归脾、胃经。具有补气健脾,燥湿利水,止汗,安胎的功效。可治疗脾气虚弱,食少倦怠,腹胀泄泻,痰饮眩悸,水肿,带下;气虚自汗;脾虚胎动不安等。现代药理学表明,白术主要含苍术酮、苍术醇、苍术醚、杜松脑、苍术内酯等挥发油,白术内酯I~Ⅳ,双白术内酯等内酯类化合物,并含有果糖、菊糖、白术多糖、多种氨基酸、白术三醇及维生素A等多种成分。白术水煎液能促进小鼠胃排空及小肠推进功能,并能防治实验性胃溃疡。白术内酯Ⅰ具有增强唾液淀粉酶活性、促进营养物质吸收、调节胃肠道功能的作用。白术水煎液和流浸膏均有明显而持久的利尿作用。白术多糖、白术挥发油能增强细胞免疫功能。白术水煎液具有抗衰老作用。白术醇提物与石油醚提取物能抑制实验动物子宫平滑肌收缩。此外,白术有保肝、利胆、降血糖、抗菌、抗肿瘤、镇静、镇咳、祛痰等作用。(参见《中药学》,钟赣生主编,中国中医药出版社,新世纪第四版,第373-374页)。
茯苓:为多孔菌科真菌茯苓的干燥菌核,性味甘、淡,平。归心、肺、脾、肾经。具有利水渗湿,健脾,宁心安神的功效。可治疗水肿尿少;痰饮眩悸;脾虚食少,便溏泄泻;心神不安,惊悸失眠等。现代药理学表明,茯苓主要含多糖,以β-茯苓聚糖含量最高;三萜类成分:茯苓酸,块苓酸,齿孔酸等;甾醇类成分:麦角甾醇等。还含蛋白质、脂肪、卵磷脂、腺嘌呤等多种成分。茯苓煎剂、糖浆剂、醇提取物、乙醚提取物,分别具有利尿、镇静、抗肿瘤、增加心肌收缩力的作用。茯苓多糖有增强免疫功能的作用。本品还有护肝、降血糖、延缓衰老、抗胃溃疡作用(参见《中药学》,钟赣生主编,中国中医药出版社,新世纪第四版,第188-189页)。
白附子:为天南星科植物独角莲的干燥块茎,性味辛,温;有毒。归胃、肝经。具有燥湿化痰,祛风止痉,止痛,解毒散结的功效。可治疗中风痰壅,口眼斜,语言謇涩,惊风癫痫,破伤风;痰厥头痛,偏正头痛;瘰疬痰核,毒蛇咬伤等。现代药理学表明,白附子主要含脂肪酸及酯类成分:油酸,油酸甲酯等。还含β-谷甾醇、氨基酸等多种成分。生品及炮制品均有显著祛痰作用,β-谷甾醇有镇咳祛痰作用,但无平喘作用。生、制品对巴比妥均有协同镇静催眠作用,还有抗惊厥、抗破伤风作用。对结核杆菌有抑制作用。煎剂或混悬液有明显的抗炎作用。体外试验表明,乙醇液对S180腹水肉瘤有明显抑制作用(参见《中药学》,钟赣生主编,中国中医药出版社,新世纪第四版,第302-303页)。
穿山龙:为本品为薯蓣科植物穿龙薯蓣的干燥根茎,甘、苦,温。归肝、肾、肺经。具有祛风除湿,舒筋通络,活血止痛,止咳平喘的功效。可治疗风湿痹病,关节肿胀,疼痛麻木;跌扑损伤,闪腰岔气;咳嗽气喘等。现代药理学表明,穿山龙主要含薯蓣皂苷,纤细薯蓣皂苷,及对羟基苄基酒石酸,氨基酸等多种成分。《中国药典》规定本品含薯蓣皂苷(C45H72O16)不得少于1.3%。穿山龙有显著的平喘作用,总皂苷、水溶性或水不溶性皂苷有明显的镇咳、祛痰作用;水煎剂对细胞免疫和体液免疫功能均有抑制作用,而对巨噬细胞吞噬功能有增强作用;对金黄色葡萄球菌等多种球菌及流感病毒等有抑制作用;总皂苷能增强兔心肌收缩力,减慢心率,降低动脉压,改善冠脉血液循环,增加尿量,并能显著降低血清总胆固醇及β/α脂蛋白比例。(参见《中药学》,钟赣生主编,中国中医药出版社,新世纪第四版,第166-167页)。
桑寄生:为桑寄生科植物桑寄生的干燥带叶茎枝,性味苦、甘,平。归肝、肾经。具有祛风湿,补肝肾,强筋骨,安胎元的功效。可治疗风湿痹痛,腰膝酸软,筋骨无力;崩漏经多,妊娠漏血,胎动不安;头晕目眩等。现代药理学表明,桑寄生主要含黄酮类成分:广寄生苷,槲皮素,金丝桃苷,槲皮苷等;挥发油:苯甲酰,苯二烯,芳姜黄烯,桉树脑等多种成分。桑寄生有降压作用;注射液对冠状血管有扩张作用,并能减慢心率;煎剂或浸剂在体外对脊髓灰质炎病毒和多种肠道病毒均有明显抑制作用,能抑制伤寒杆菌及葡萄球菌的生长;提取物对乙型肝炎病毒表面抗原有抑制活性(参见《中药学》,钟赣生主编,中国中医药出版社,新世纪第四版,第176-177页)。
脾虚是KOA的重要病机。脾虚导致机体津液/水液代谢失衡,停聚于局部,是膝关节肿胀的重要原因,且脾胃两经循行过膝内外侧,KOA常见疼痛点多分布于脾胃两经。所述用于膝骨关节炎消肿镇痛的中药组合物由《伤科补要》中的舒筋活血汤加入健脾祛湿中药白术、茯苓等化裁而来。该组方以当归补血活血,大黄凉血消肿,血竭化瘀定痛,红花活血通经、散瘀止痛,穿山龙祛风除湿、通络、活血止痛,共为君药;乳香理气通经消肿,没药理气止痛,木鳖子散结消肿、温经散寒,白附子舒筋活络、祛风除湿,白术和茯苓健脾祛湿,儿茶活血止痛,共为臣药;白芷祛风燥湿、消肿止痛,续断和桑寄生补肝肾、续筋骨、调血脉,此三者为佐助之药;连翘清热消肿散结,赤芍凉血散瘀止痛,生地凉血止血、清热生津,此三者为反佐之药;樟脑通窍止痛,薄荷脑消肿,冰片止痛开窍,此三者为透皮吸收促进剂,也为佐助之药;甘草调和诸药,为使药;诸药合用,相辅相成,共奏活血化瘀,健脾祛湿,消肿止痛之功效,主治膝骨关节炎气滞血瘀、脾虚湿阻证。
所述用于膝骨关节炎消肿镇痛的中药组合物在特定用量的各组分的共同作用下,能有效缓解KOA疼痛,快速消肿,改善膝关节功能,而且价格实惠、疗效显著并稳定,不良反应小,制作简便。
在一实施例中,所述用于膝骨关节炎消肿镇痛的中药组合物包括以下重量份的组分:当归9份、红花9份、大黄15份、连翘15份、续断9份、木鳖子12份、白芷6份、赤芍6份、生地15份、甘草3份、儿茶6份、乳香6份、没药6份、血竭15份、樟脑9份、薄荷脑6份、冰片6份、白术25份、茯苓20份、白附子6份、穿山龙10份和桑寄生15份。该实施例中,所述用于膝骨关节炎消肿镇痛的中药组合物在特定用量的各组分的共同作用下,能更好地缓解KOA疼痛,减轻关节肿胀,改善膝关节功能。
第二方面,本申请提供了一种用于膝骨关节炎消肿镇痛的中药贴膏,包括中药膏体和背衬材料,所述中药膏体的制备原料包所述中药组合物。所述用于膝骨关节炎消肿镇痛的中药贴膏因所含中药膏体主要由所述中药组合物制备而成,而能有效缓解KOA疼痛,减轻关节肿胀,改善膝关节功能。
在一实施例中,所述中药膏体的制备原料还包括基质。
在一实施例中,所述基质包括凡士林、羊毛脂、石蜡中的至少一种。其中,凡士林可选择黄凡士林和/或白凡士林。
在一实施例中,所述中药膏体的制备原料还包括以下重量份的组分:白凡士林350份,羊毛脂100份,石蜡190份。
在一实施例中,所述背衬材料包括膏药布。
在一实施例中,所述用于膝骨关节炎消肿镇痛的中药贴膏的用法如下:外用于患膝关节疼痛处,每日1次,每次持续时间8小时,治疗2周为1个疗程。
第三方面,本申请还提供了所述用于膝骨关节炎消肿镇痛的中药贴膏的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
将当归、红花、大黄、连翘、续断、木鳖子、白芷、赤芍、生地、甘草、儿茶、乳香、没药、血竭、白术、茯苓、白附子、穿山龙和桑寄生分别粉碎成粉,过筛,混合分散,得到第一混合物;
将樟脑、薄荷脑和冰片混合加热熔融,得到第二熔融液;
将凡士林、羊毛脂和石蜡混合加热熔融,得到第三熔融液,将所述第一混合物过筛后在搅拌状态下加入所述第三熔融液中,分散,保温1h,再降温至80℃,加入所述第二熔融液,混合分散,过筛,熬制成膏,涂布于背衬材料上,即得中药贴膏。
在制备第一混合物的步骤中,也可以是:将当归、红花、大黄、连翘、续断、木鳖子、白芷、赤芍、生地、甘草、儿茶、乳香、没药、血竭、白术、茯苓、白附子、穿山龙和桑寄生混合分散,粉碎成粉,过筛,得到第一混合物。
在一实施例中,将当归、红花、大黄、连翘、续断、木鳖子、白芷、赤芍、生地、甘草、儿茶、乳香、没药、血竭、白术、茯苓、白附子、穿山龙和桑寄生分别粉碎成粉,过筛的步骤中,所过筛的目数为20目。
在一实施例中,将所述第一混合物过筛后在搅拌状态下加入所述熔融液中的步骤中,所过筛的目数为20目。
在一实施例中,所述加入所述第二溶液,混合分散,过筛的步骤中,所过筛的目数为20目。
本申请相对于现有技术的有益效果为:
(1)本申请以当归补血活血,大黄凉血消肿,血竭化瘀定痛,红花活血通经、散瘀止痛,穿山龙祛风除湿、通络、活血止痛,共为君药;乳香理气通经消肿,没药理气止痛,木鳖子散结消肿、温经散寒,白附子舒筋活络、祛风除湿,白术和茯苓健脾祛湿,儿茶活血止痛,共为臣药;白芷祛风燥湿、消肿止痛,续断和桑寄生补肝肾、续筋骨、调血脉,此三者为佐助之药;连翘清热消肿散结,赤芍凉血散瘀止痛,生地凉血止血、清热生津,此三者为反佐之药;樟脑通窍止痛,薄荷脑消肿,冰片止痛开窍,此三者为透皮吸收促进剂,也为佐助之药;甘草调和诸药,为使药;诸药合用,相辅相成,共奏活血化瘀,健脾祛湿,消肿止痛之功效,主治膝骨关节炎气滞血瘀、脾虚湿阻证。
(2)本申请用于膝骨关节炎消肿镇痛的中药组合物和中药贴膏能有效缓解KOA疼痛,快速消肿,改善膝关节功能,而且价格实惠、疗效显著并稳定,不良反应小,制作简便。
具体实施方式
为了更好地说明本申请的目的、技术方案和优点,下面将结合具体实施例及对比例对本申请作进一步说明,其目的在于详细地理解本申请的内容,而不是对本申请的限制。本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本申请的保护范围。本申请实施所涉及的实验试剂及仪器,除非特别说明,均为常用的普通试剂及仪器。
实施例1
一种用于膝骨关节炎消肿镇痛的中药组合物,包括以下重量份的组分:当归6份、红花5份、大黄15份、连翘10份、续断20份、木鳖子10份、白芷10份、赤芍15份、生地10份、甘草10份、儿茶5份、乳香5份、没药8份、血竭10份、樟脑15份、薄荷脑5份、冰片5份、白术30份、茯苓20份、白附子5份、穿山龙10份、桑寄生20份。
实施例2
与实施例1不同之处在于,用于膝骨关节炎消肿镇痛的中药组合物包括以下重量份的组分:当归9份、红花9份、大黄15份、连翘15份、续断9份、木鳖子12份、白芷6份、赤芍6份、生地15份、甘草3份、儿茶6份、乳香6份、没药6份、血竭15份、樟脑9份、薄荷脑6份、冰片6份、白术25份、茯苓20份、白附子6份、穿山龙10份、桑寄生15份。
实施例3
与实施例1不同之处在于,用于膝骨关节炎消肿镇痛的中药组合物,包括以下重量份的组分:当归15份、红花10份、大黄10份、连翘20份、续断8份、木鳖子15份、白芷5份、赤芍5份、生地20份、甘草3份、儿茶10份、乳香8份、没药5份、血竭20份、樟脑8份、薄荷脑10份、冰片10份、白术25份、茯苓15份、白附子10份、穿山龙15份、桑寄生15份。
实施例4
本实施例提供一种用于膝骨关节炎消肿镇痛的中药贴膏,该中药贴膏包括中药膏体和膏药布,其中中药膏体的制备原料包括以下重量份的组分:当归6份、红花5份、大黄15份、连翘10份、续断20份、木鳖子10份、白芷10份、赤芍15份、生地10份、甘草10份、儿茶5份、乳香5份、没药8份、血竭10份、樟脑15份、薄荷脑5份、冰片5份、白术30份、茯苓20份、白附子5份、穿山龙10份、桑寄生20份、白凡士林350份、羊毛脂100份和石蜡190份。该中药贴膏制备方法包括以下步骤:
将当归、红花、大黄、连翘、续断、木鳖子、白芷、赤芍、生地、甘草、儿茶、乳香、没药、血竭、白术、茯苓、白附子、穿山龙和桑寄生分别粉碎成粉,过筛,混合分散,得到第一混合物;
将樟脑、薄荷脑和冰片混合加热熔融,得到第二熔融液;
将白凡士林、羊毛脂和石蜡混合加热熔融,得到第三熔融液,将所得第一混合物过筛后在搅拌状态下加入所得第三熔融液中,分散,保温1h,再降温至80℃,加入所得第二熔融液,混合分散,过20目筛,熬制成膏,涂布于10cm×7cm膏药布上,即得中药贴膏。
实施例5
与实施例4不同之处在于,中药膏体的制备原料包括以下重量份的组分:当归9份、红花9份、大黄15份、连翘15份、续断9份、木鳖子12份、白芷6份、赤芍6份、生地15份、甘草3份、儿茶6份、乳香6份、没药6份、血竭15份、樟脑9份、薄荷脑6份、冰片6份、白术25份、茯苓20份、白附子6份、穿山龙10份、桑寄生15份、白凡士林350份、羊毛脂100份和石蜡190份。
实施例6
与实施例4不同之处在于,中药膏体的制备原料包括以下重量份的组分:当归15份、红花10份、大黄10份、连翘20份、续断8份、木鳖子15份、白芷5份、赤芍5份、生地20份、甘草3份、儿茶10份、乳香8份、没药5份、血竭20份、樟脑8份、薄荷脑10份、冰片10份、白术25份、茯苓15份、白附子10份、穿山龙15份、桑寄生15份、白凡士林350份、羊毛脂100份和石蜡190份。
对比例1
与实施例5不同之处在于,中药膏体的制备原料不含白术,即包括以下重量份的组分:当归9份、红花9份、大黄15份、连翘15份、续断9份、木鳖子12份、白芷6份、赤芍6份、生地15份、甘草3份、儿茶6份、乳香6份、没药6份、血竭15份、樟脑9份、薄荷脑6份、冰片6份、茯苓20份、白附子6份、穿山龙10份、桑寄生15份、白凡士林350份、羊毛脂100份和石蜡190份。
对比例2
与实施例5不同之处在于,中药膏体的制备原料不含茯苓,即包括以下重量份的组分:当归9份、红花9份、大黄15份、连翘15份、续断9份、木鳖子12份、白芷6份、赤芍6份、生地15份、甘草3份、儿茶6份、乳香6份、没药6份、血竭15份、樟脑9份、薄荷脑6份、冰片6份、白术25份、白附子6份、穿山龙10份、桑寄生15份、白凡士林350份、羊毛脂100份和石蜡190份。
对比例3
与实施例5不同之处在于,中药膏体的制备原料不含白附子,即包括以下重量份的组分:当归9份、红花9份、大黄15份、连翘15份、续断9份、木鳖子12份、白芷6份、赤芍6份、生地15份、甘草3份、儿茶6份、乳香6份、没药6份、血竭15份、樟脑9份、薄荷脑6份、冰片6份、白术25份、茯苓20份、穿山龙10份、桑寄生15份、白凡士林350份、羊毛脂100份和石蜡190份。
对比例4
与实施例5不同之处在于,中药膏体的制备原料不含穿山龙,即包括以下重量份的组分:当归9份、红花9份、大黄15份、连翘15份、续断9份、木鳖子12份、白芷6份、赤芍6份、生地15份、甘草3份、儿茶6份、乳香6份、没药6份、血竭15份、樟脑9份、薄荷脑6份、冰片6份、白术25份、茯苓20份、白附子6份、桑寄生15份、白凡士林350份、羊毛脂100份和石蜡190份。
对比例5
与实施例5不同之处在于,中药膏体的制备原料不含桑寄生,即包括以下重量份的组分:当归9份、红花9份、大黄15份、连翘15份、续断9份、木鳖子12份、白芷6份、赤芍6份、生地15份、甘草3份、儿茶6份、乳香6份、没药6份、血竭15份、樟脑9份、薄荷脑6份、冰片6份、白术25份、茯苓20份、白附子6份、穿山龙10份、白凡士林350份、羊毛脂100份和石蜡190份。
对比例6
与实施例5不同之处在于,中药膏体的制备原料不含白术,且茯苓为45份,即包括以下重量份的组分:当归9份、红花9份、大黄15份、连翘15份、续断9份、木鳖子12份、白芷6份、赤芍6份、生地15份、甘草3份、儿茶6份、乳香6份、没药6份、血竭15份、樟脑9份、薄荷脑6份、冰片6份、茯苓45份、白附子6份、穿山龙10份、桑寄生15份、白凡士林350份、羊毛脂100份和石蜡190份。
对比例7
与实施例5不同之处在于,中药膏体的制备原料不含茯苓,且白术为45份,即包括以下重量份的组分:当归9份、红花9份、大黄15份、连翘15份、续断9份、木鳖子12份、白芷6份、赤芍6份、生地15份、甘草3份、儿茶6份、乳香6份、没药6份、血竭15份、樟脑9份、薄荷脑6份、冰片6份、白术45份、白附子6份、穿山龙10份、桑寄生15份、白凡士林350份、羊毛脂100份和石蜡190份。
临床试验
(1)病例来源及分组治疗
在广东省第二中医院骨伤科门诊招募行保守治疗的气滞血瘀、脾虚湿阻型KOA患者,分为治疗组、观察组和阳性对照组,每组各30例。治疗组予以口服塞来昔布胶囊+实施例5中药贴膏治疗,观察组予以口服塞来昔布胶囊+复方南星止痛膏治疗,阳性对照组予以口服塞来昔布胶囊+舒筋活血汤,各组均治疗6周,具体如下:
塞来昔布胶囊(0.2g/粒,6粒/盒,西乐葆,辉瑞制药,批准文号:国药准字J20120063,饭后口服,1次1粒,每日1次);
复方南星止痛膏(2贴/袋,2袋/盒,江苏康缘阳光药业有限公司,批准文号:国药准字Z10970019,外用,1次1贴,每日1次,每次持续时间6小时);
舒筋活血汤:羌活6克,防风9克,荆芥6克,独活9克,当归12克,续断12克,青皮5克,牛膝9克,五加皮9克,杜仲9克,红花6克,枳壳6克。由我院统一提供及代煎,用水煎至150mL,每日早晚温服;
实施例5中药贴膏:外用于患膝关节疼痛处,每日1次,每次持续时间8小时。
(2)诊断、分期、纳排标准等
诊断标准:西医诊断标准参照1995年美国风湿病学会及中华医学会骨科学分会关节外科学组发布的《骨关节炎诊疗指南(2018年版)》。①近1个月内反复膝关节疼痛;②X线片(站立或负重位)示关节间隙变窄、软骨下骨硬化和(或)囊性变、关节缘骨赘形成;③关节液(至少2次)清亮、黏稠,WBC<2000个/mL;④中老年患者(≥45岁);⑤晨僵≤30min;⑥活动时有骨摩擦音(感)。符合①、②或①、③、⑤、⑥或①、④、⑤、⑥即可诊断。
Kellgren-Lawrence影像分级标准:0级正常;I级可能有骨赘,关节间隙可疑变窄;II级有明显骨赘,关节间隙可疑变窄;III级中等量骨赘,关节间隙变窄较明确,有硬化性改变;IV级大量骨赘,关节间隙明显变窄,严重硬化性病变及明显畸形。
KOA中医气滞血瘀证诊断标准:参考《中医内科学》第6版制定气滞血瘀证的诊断标准并结合我们前期制定的指南。主症:关节疼痛如刺,屈伸不利,休息后疼痛不减;次症:面色黧黑。
临床分期标准:参考中华医学会《骨关节炎诊疗指南》(2018年版)提出的分期标准。初期:疼痛,偶发膝关节疼痛;活动,可正常进行日常活动;肿胀,无膝关节肿胀;畸形,无明显畸形(或原有畸形);X线片显示关节间隙可疑变窄,可能出现骨赘。K-L分级Ⅰ级。早期:疼痛,经常出现膝关节疼痛;活动,日常活动基本不影响,少数患者平路行走偶有影响,常于起立、下蹲或者上下楼梯时疼痛,活动轻微受限;肿胀,偶发肿胀;畸形,无明显畸形(或原有畸形);X线片显示,关节间隙轻度狭窄,有明显的小骨赘。K-L分级Ⅱ级。中期:疼痛,经常出现膝关节严重疼痛;活动,日常活动因为疼痛而受限;肿胀,复发性膝关节肿胀;畸形,可能出现明显膝关节轻度内翻或者外翻畸形;X线片显示,明确的关节间隙狭窄,有中等量骨赘,软骨下骨骨质轻度硬化,可能出现膝关节骨性畸形(内翻畸形、外翻畸形、屈曲畸形)。K-L分级Ⅲ级。晚期:疼痛,膝关节疼痛非常严重;活动,日常活动严重受限;肿胀,可能经常出现膝关节肿胀;畸形,可能出现严重的内翻、外翻畸形或屈曲挛缩畸形;X线片显示,严重的关节间隙狭窄,大量骨赘形成,明显的软骨下骨硬化,明显的膝关节骨性畸形。K-L分级Ⅳ级。
纳入标准:①符合上述中西医诊断标准,临床分期为初期、早期、中期,X线Kellgren-Lawrence分级为I-III级的单侧KOA患者,性别不限;②年龄50-65岁;③精神无异常,能准确进行语言交流;④近半月内未用其他方式治疗或服用其他药物者;⑤BMI值小于28;⑥愿意接受研究,签署临床研究知情同意书。
排除标准:①不符合上述诊断标准和纳入标准者;②已接受其它有关治疗,可能影响本研究的效应指标观测者;③合并有心脑血管、肝、肾等严重危及生命的原发性疾病以及精神病患者;④风湿类疾病、感染性关节炎、反应性关节炎、代谢性关节病、关节内肿瘤及其它特异性关节病。
剔除与脱落标准:试验过程中如出现受试者治疗无应答,甚至病情加重或者出现严重并发症及严重不良事件者;中途退出试验者;虽未明确提出退出试验,但不再接受用药及检测而失访者;入组后发现不符合纳入标准者;使用了方案规定的禁用药品者;研究者认为存在安全性原因,被提前终止或暂停临床研究者。
(3)观察指标
膝关节Womac指数:包含24个题目,每道题目0~4分,共96分,总分越低表示膝关节功能越好。
VAS疼痛评分:VAS表评分范围0-10分,0分表示无痛,10分表示剧痛无法忍受,分数越高,代表疼痛程度越高。轻度:<3分,有轻微疼痛;中度:4-6分,疼痛明显,但可忍受;重度:7-10分,疼痛难耐。
膝关节肿胀程度:用皮尺对患肢髌骨上缘上10cm周径进行测量,考虑患者个体之间的差异,故计算出每个患者的患膝与健侧的差值即周径差距,以更为精准地观察患侧膝关节的肿胀程度。
(4)试验结果
1、三组患者一般资料分析
治疗组男14例,女16例,年龄平均(56.57±0.64)岁,病程平均(26.07±2.39)月,按Kellgren-Lawrence(K-L)X线分级标准分级,其中Ⅰ级2例,Ⅱ级24例,III级4例。观察组男13例,女17例,年龄平均(57.23±0.61)岁,病程平均(26.77±1.82)月,X线K-L分级:Ⅰ级3例,Ⅱ级25例,III级2例。阳性对照组男15例,女15例,年龄平均(57.37±0.55)岁,病程平均(26.90±0.80)月,X线K-L分级:Ⅰ级4例,Ⅱ级23例,III级3例。三组年龄、性别、病程、K-L分级等一般资料比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),具有可比性,如表1所示。
表1三组一般资料比较
2、膝关节Womac指数比较
组内比较,相对于治疗前,三组患者治疗后Womac指数显著降低(P<0.05)。组间比较,治疗组、观察组和阳性对照组在治疗前后,Womac指数相比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),如表2所示。
表2三组患者治疗前后Womac指数比较
表注:*表示与治疗前比较,P<0.05。
3、三组患者VAS评分比较
三组患者治疗前的VAS评分没有显著差异(P>0.05)。2周后,相对于治疗前,三组VAS评分明显降低(P<0.05),且治疗组低于观察组和阳性对照组(P<0.05)。4、6周后,三组间VAS评分没有显著差异(P>0.05),如表3所示。*
表3三组患者治疗前后VAS评分比较
表注:*表示与治疗前比较,P<0.05;
#表示与观察组比较,P<0.05;
&表示与阳性对照组比较,P<0.05。
4、三组患者肿胀程度比较
治疗前,三组患者肿胀程度相比无显著差异(P>0.05)。在治疗2、4、6周后,相对于治疗前,三组患者肿胀程度明显降低(P<0.05);同时,相对于观察组和阳性对照组,治疗组肿胀程度缓解更加明显(P<0.05),如表4所示。
表4三组患者治疗前后肿胀程度比较
表注:*表示与治疗前比较,P<0.05;
#表示与观察组比较,P<0.05;
&表示与阳性对照组比较,P<0.05。
表1~4提示相对于现有技术,本申请在缓解KOA疼痛、改善功能的基础上还能显著减轻关节的肿胀。
另外,观察组有3例出现皮肤过敏,过敏率10%;治疗组未见皮肤过敏情况,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。阳性对照组未见不良反应。
5、不同组方间的疗效比较
同时还采用与上述相同的方法进行了不同组方间的疗效比较,即将实施例4~6和对比例1~5进行了比较。在广东省第二中医院骨伤科门诊招募行保守治疗的气滞血瘀、脾虚湿阻型KOA患者,每组各30例,这8组的年龄、性别、病程、K-L分级等一般资料比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),具有可比性,其中实施例5的患者即为上述治疗组的患者。每组予以口服塞来昔布胶囊+相应中药贴膏治疗,各组均治疗6周,具体如下:
塞来昔布胶囊(0.2g/粒,6粒/盒,西乐葆,辉瑞制药,批准文号:国药准字J20120063,饭后口服,1次1粒,每日1次);
中药贴膏:外用于患膝关节疼痛处,每日1次,每次持续时间8小时。
与上述类似,进行了膝关节Womac指数、VAS疼痛评分和膝关节肿胀程度评价,其中膝关节肿胀程度评价结果见表5。
治疗前,各组方间患膝肿胀程度相比未见显著差异(P>0.05)。在治疗2、4周后,相对于治疗前,各组方患者肿胀程度明显降低(P<0.05);同时,相对于不同组方,原组方肿胀程度缓解更加明显(P<0.05),如下表5所示。
表5不同组方间的疗效比较
表注:*表示与治疗前比较,P<0.05;
#表示与实施例5比较,P<0.05。
由表5可知,相对于缺少白术、茯苓、白附子、穿山龙、桑寄生中的一种的中药组方,本申请中药组方缓解KOA患者肿胀程度的表现更好。
最后所应当说明的是,以上实施例仅用以说明本申请的技术方案而非对本申请保护范围的限制,尽管参照较佳实施例对本申请作了详细说明,本领域的普通技术人员应当理解,可以对本申请的技术方案进行修改或者等同替换,而不脱离本申请技术方案的实质和范围。
Claims (3)
1.一种用于膝骨关节炎消肿镇痛的组合物,其特征在于,包括塞来昔布胶囊和中药贴膏;
所述中药贴膏包括中药膏体和背衬材料;
所述中药膏体由以下重量份的原料制备而成:当归6~15份、红花5~10份、大黄10~15份、连翘10~20份、续断8~20份、木鳖子10~15份、白芷5~10份、赤芍5~15份、生地10~20份、甘草3~10份、儿茶5~10份、乳香5~8份、没药5~8份、血竭10~20份、樟脑8~15份、薄荷脑5~10份、冰片5~10份、白术25~30份、茯苓15~20份、白附子5~10份、穿山龙10~15份、桑寄生15~20份、白凡士林350份、羊毛脂100份和石蜡190份;
所述背衬材料为膏药布。
2.如权利要求1所述的用于膝骨关节炎消肿镇痛的组合物,其特征在于,所述中药膏体的制备原料由以下重量份的组分组成:当归9份、红花9份、大黄15份、连翘15份、续断9份、木鳖子12份、白芷6份、赤芍6份、生地15份、甘草3份、儿茶6份、乳香6份、没药6份、血竭15份、樟脑9份、薄荷脑6份、冰片6份、白术25份、茯苓20份、白附子6份、穿山龙10份、桑寄生15份、白凡士林350份、羊毛脂100份和石蜡190份。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的用于膝骨关节炎消肿镇痛的组合物,其特征在于,所述中药贴膏的制备方法包括以下步骤:
将当归、红花、大黄、连翘、续断、木鳖子、白芷 、赤芍 、生地、甘草、儿茶 、乳香 、没药、血竭 、白术、茯苓、白附子、穿山龙和桑寄生分别粉碎成粉,过筛,混合分散,得到第一混合物;
将樟脑、薄荷脑和冰片混合加热熔融,得到第二熔融液;
将凡士林、羊毛脂和石蜡混合加热熔融,得到第三熔融液,将所述第一混合物过筛后在搅拌状态下加入所述第三熔融液中,分散,保温1-1.5h,再降温至50-80℃,加入所述第二熔融液,混合分散,过筛,熬制成膏,涂布于背衬材料上,即得中药贴膏。
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