CN117012912A - 一种基于铁基正极的混合锂钠离子电池 - Google Patents
一种基于铁基正极的混合锂钠离子电池 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN117012912A CN117012912A CN202210475763.6A CN202210475763A CN117012912A CN 117012912 A CN117012912 A CN 117012912A CN 202210475763 A CN202210475763 A CN 202210475763A CN 117012912 A CN117012912 A CN 117012912A
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- Prior art keywords
- sodium
- lithium
- positive electrode
- ion battery
- carbon
- Prior art date
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Links
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 82
- 229910001415 sodium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- VVNXEADCOVSAER-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium sodium Chemical compound [Li].[Na] VVNXEADCOVSAER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K lithium iron phosphate Chemical compound [Li+].[Fe+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229920000447 polyanionic polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000003759 ester based solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000004210 ether based solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 62
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 claims description 43
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 claims description 43
- -1 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000006258 conductive agent Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011889 copper foil Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- SBZXBUIDTXKZTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N diglyme Chemical compound COCCOCCOC SBZXBUIDTXKZTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910021385 hard carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910021384 soft carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- MHCFAGZWMAWTNR-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium perchlorate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O MHCFAGZWMAWTNR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910001486 lithium perchlorate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 8
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COCCOC XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical group [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- FKRCODPIKNYEAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl propionate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CC FKRCODPIKNYEAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- IIPYXGDZVMZOAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium nitrate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O IIPYXGDZVMZOAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- MCVFFRWZNYZUIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium;trifluoromethanesulfonate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F MCVFFRWZNYZUIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium nitrate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- ZUHZGEOKBKGPSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraglyme Chemical compound COCCOCCOCCOCCOC ZUHZGEOKBKGPSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- WVLBCYQITXONBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl phosphate Chemical compound COP(=O)(OC)OC WVLBCYQITXONBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- IXPNQXFRVYWDDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methyl-2,4-dioxo-1,3-diazinane-5-carboximidamide Chemical compound CN1CC(C(N)=N)C(=O)NC1=O IXPNQXFRVYWDDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000661 sodium alginate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000010413 sodium alginate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940005550 sodium alginate Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- BAZAXWOYCMUHIX-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium perchlorate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O BAZAXWOYCMUHIX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001488 sodium perchlorate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- XGPOMXSYOKFBHS-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;trifluoromethanesulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F XGPOMXSYOKFBHS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- CNQBXJDCTHCEFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexamethoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound COP1(OC)=NP(OC)(OC)=NP(OC)(OC)=N1 CNQBXJDCTHCEFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- LIAWCKFOFPPVGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethyladamantane Chemical compound C1C(C2)CC3CC1C(CC)C2C3 LIAWCKFOFPPVGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- XMBXGGFADFJOFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(C)(C)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1(=CC=CC=C1)OP(OC1=CC=CC=C1)(O)=O Chemical compound C(C)(C)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1(=CC=CC=C1)OP(OC1=CC=CC=C1)(O)=O XMBXGGFADFJOFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- RJUFJBKOKNCXHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl propionate Chemical compound CCC(=O)OC RJUFJBKOKNCXHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910004563 Na2Fe2 (SO4)3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M Propionate Chemical compound CCC([O-])=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002125 Sokalan® Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- XXYVTWLMBUGXOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Na].FS(=N)F Chemical compound [Na].FS(=N)F XXYVTWLMBUGXOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid trimethyl ester Natural products COC(C)=O KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000006230 acetylene black Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002482 conductive additive Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- VUPKGFBOKBGHFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipropyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)OCCC VUPKGFBOKBGHFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- GNOIPBMMFNIUFM-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethylphosphoric triamide Chemical compound CN(C)P(=O)(N(C)C)N(C)C GNOIPBMMFNIUFM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001496 lithium tetrafluoroborate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940017219 methyl propionate Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- YKYONYBAUNKHLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Propyl acetate Natural products CCCOC(C)=O YKYONYBAUNKHLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940090181 propyl acetate Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- WXMKPNITSTVMEF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium benzoate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WXMKPNITSTVMEF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004299 sodium benzoate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000010234 sodium benzoate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004317 sodium nitrate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000010344 sodium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001538 sodium tetrachloroaluminate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001495 sodium tetrafluoroborate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- KVCGISUBCHHTDD-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;4-methylbenzenesulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].CC1=CC=C(S([O-])(=O)=O)C=C1 KVCGISUBCHHTDD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-L sulfite Chemical class [O-]S([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- STCOOQWBFONSKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributyl phosphate Chemical compound CCCCOP(=O)(OCCCC)OCCCC STCOOQWBFONSKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- DQWPFSLDHJDLRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethyl phosphate Chemical compound CCOP(=O)(OCC)OCC DQWPFSLDHJDLRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- YFNKIDBQEZZDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N triglyme Chemical compound COCCOCCOCCOC YFNKIDBQEZZDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- XZZNDPSIHUTMOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenyl phosphate Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1OP(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1 XZZNDPSIHUTMOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N valeric acid Chemical compound CCCCC(O)=O NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ether Substances CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- CHEANNSDVJOIBS-MHZLTWQESA-N (3s)-3-cyclopropyl-3-[3-[[3-(5,5-dimethylcyclopenten-1-yl)-4-(2-fluoro-5-methoxyphenyl)phenyl]methoxy]phenyl]propanoic acid Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(F)C(C=2C(=CC(COC=3C=C(C=CC=3)[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C3CC3)=CC=2)C=2C(CCC=2)(C)C)=C1 CHEANNSDVJOIBS-MHZLTWQESA-N 0.000 claims 1
- VAYTZRYEBVHVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dioxol-2-one Chemical compound O=C1OC=CO1 VAYTZRYEBVHVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 150000001642 boronic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- YACKEPLHDIMKIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylphosphonic acid Chemical compound CP(O)(O)=O YACKEPLHDIMKIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 125000006344 nonafluoro n-butyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)* 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004584 polyacrylic acid Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 125000004205 trifluoroethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])(*)C(F)(F)F 0.000 claims 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 abstract description 13
- FKNQFGJONOIPTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium cation Chemical compound [Na+] FKNQFGJONOIPTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 12
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 abstract description 12
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000005518 electrochemistry Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 32
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 32
- 229910010710 LiFePO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 20
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 20
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 20
- 238000004513 sizing Methods 0.000 description 20
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 20
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 19
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 10
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 10
- 230000001351 cycling effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910010707 LiFePO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005087 graphitization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- DNYFRZWSAXJSSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N trifluoro(sulfosulfonyl)methane Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F DNYFRZWSAXJSSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OKIYQFLILPKULA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4-nonafluoro-4-methoxybutane Chemical compound COC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F OKIYQFLILPKULA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylonitrile Chemical compound C=CC#N NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007983 Tris buffer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010405 anode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical class OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000009831 deintercalation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004177 diethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009830 intercalation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002687 intercalation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- CAAULPUQFIIOTL-UHFFFAOYSA-L methyl phosphate(2-) Chemical compound COP([O-])([O-])=O CAAULPUQFIIOTL-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000012046 mixed solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940051841 polyoxyethylene ether Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920000056 polyoxyethylene ether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004436 sodium atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/362—Composites
- H01M4/364—Composites as mixtures
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/362—Composites
- H01M4/366—Composites as layered products
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/5825—Oxygenated metallic salts or polyanionic structures, e.g. borates, phosphates, silicates, olivines
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/583—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
- H01M2004/028—Positive electrodes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
Abstract
本发明属于电化学技术领域,具体一种基于铁基正极的混合锂钠离子电池。本发明混合锂钠离子电池由正极、负极、电解液组成;正极活性物质为磷酸铁锂与铁基聚阴离子钠电正极材料的混合物;负极活性物质为碳基材料;电解液含醚类溶剂和/或酯类溶剂,以有机锂盐和/或无机锂盐以及有机钠盐和/或无机钠盐作为溶质。钠离子电池铁基聚阴离子正极材料往往导电性差,放电容量较低,而高温合成的碳包覆的磷酸铁锂导电性优异,放电容量高,将磷酸铁锂与钠离子电池铁基聚阴离子正极材料混合可以提高正极的导电性与能量密度。由于锂离子和钠离子同时嵌入/脱出,协同效应可进一步增强电池的倍率性能,提高电池的功率密度,同时有利于低温性能。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于电池技术领域,具体涉及一种混合锂钠离子电池。
背景技术
近年来,锂离子电池飞速发展,已经在各行各业得到广泛应用。但人们日益増长的需求和锂资源的储量贫瘠直接制约着锂离子电池发展。钠原子与锂原子具有相似的原子结构和化学性质,而且全球钠元素的储量极其丰富,钠离子电池还具有较高的比能量和低生产成本。因此随着锂离子电池受锂资源和生产成本的影响限制其广泛应用,具有相似电化学性质的钠离子电池成为研究者关注的焦点。目前,一些钠离子电池电极材料的性能已经得到了显著提升,很有可能将部分取代当前商业化的锂离子电池。
铁基聚阴离子钠电正极材料具有低成本和来源丰富的特性,非常契合钠离子电池发展的初衷。但是铁基聚阴离子钠电正极材料的导电性较差,往往需要通过碳包覆来解决导电性差的问题。然而,铁基聚阴离子钠电正极材料的合成温度较低,包覆的碳层难以实现高度石墨化,只能带来有限的导电性的提升。而低成本的磷酸铁锂正极同样需要碳包覆来改善导电性,与铁基聚阴离子钠电正极材料不同的是,磷酸铁锂合成温度较高,包覆的碳层石墨化程度较高,导电性可以明显提升,同时磷酸铁锂还具有更高的放电容量。通过将磷酸铁锂与一种或几种铁基聚阴离子钠电正极材料混合作为正极材料,可以显著提高正极的导电性。此外,正极可以同时嵌入/脱出锂离子和钠离子,综合了锂离子电池与钠离子电池各自的优势,这种协同效应可以显著提升电池的能量密度、功率密度以及低温性能。
本发明首次将磷酸铁锂与钠离子电池铁基聚阴离子正极混合作为正极材料,综合二者优势,配置了一种具有高能量密度和功率密度的低成本混合锂钠离子电池。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种低成本、长循环寿命、高能量密度与高功率密度的混合锂钠离子电池。
本发明提供的混合锂钠离子电池,是基于铁基正极材料的,由正极、负极、电解液组成;所述正极的活性物质为磷酸铁锂与一种或几种铁基聚阴离子钠电正极材料的混合物;负极活性物质为碳基材料;正极片和负极片包含活性物质、导电剂、粘结剂和集流体;电解液含醚类溶剂和/或酯类溶剂,以有机锂盐和/或无机锂盐以及有机钠盐和/或无机钠盐作为溶质。其工作原理主要是在充放电过程中,Li+和Na+在正负电极之间往返嵌入和脱出:充电时,Li+和Na+从正极脱出,经过电解质嵌入负极,负极处于富锂和富钠状态;放电时则相反。
本发明所述的正极中,活性物质在包含磷酸铁锂(LiFePO4)的同时,还包含一种或几种铁基聚阴离子钠电正极材料。
本发明所述的正极,其活性物质中所包含的磷酸铁锂(LiFePO4)为碳包覆的磷酸铁锂。
本发明所述的正极,其活性物质中包含的铁基聚阴离子钠电正极材料可以是Na2FeP2O7,Na3.64Fe2.18(P2O7)2,Na3.12Fe2.44(P2O7)2,Na3.32Fe2.34(P2O7)2,Na7Fe4.5(P2O7)4,Na4Fe3(PO4)2P2O7,Na3Fe2(PO4)(P2O7),Na2FePO4F,Na2Fe3(PO4)3,Na2Fe(SO4)2,Na2Fe2(SO4)3等中的一种或几种。
本发明所述的正极中,磷酸铁锂在活性物质中所占比例不高于50%。
本发明所述的负极中,其活性物质为碳基材料为石墨、软碳、硬碳、膨胀石墨等中的一种或几种的混合。
本发明所述的正负极中,导电添加剂可以采用活性炭、乙炔黑、炭黑、碳纳米管(CNT)、碳纤维(CNF)、石墨烯、石墨、介孔碳等中的一种或几种。
本发明所述的正负极中,粘结剂可以采用聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)、聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)、羧甲基纤维素(CMC)、水溶性橡胶、聚乙烯醇(PVA)、聚丙烯酸(PAA)、海藻酸钠(SA)、丙烯腈多元共聚物(LA132/LA133)等中的一种或几种。
本发明所述的正负极中,集流体可以采用钛网、钛箔、不锈钢网、多孔不锈钢带、不锈钢箔、铝箔、铝网、碳布、碳网、碳毡、铜网、铜箔等中的一种或几种复合物。
本发明所述的电解液,其特征在于,溶剂可以是酯类溶剂和/或醚类溶剂,如碳酸二甲酯、碳酸二乙酯、碳酸甲乙酯、碳酸二丙酯、碳酸乙烯酯、碳酸亚乙烯酯、碳酸丙烯酯、乙酸乙酯、丙酸乙酯、乙酸甲酯、乙酸丙酯、丙酸甲酯、二乙二醇二甲醚、乙二醇二甲醚、三乙二醇二甲醚、四乙二醇二甲醚、1,1,2,2-四氟乙基-2,2,3,3-四氟丙基醚、甲基九氟正丁基醚、八氟戊基-四氟乙基醚等有机溶剂中的一种或几种混合,混合溶剂的作用主要是调节电解液的粘度、离子电导和高电压下抗氧化能力。
本发明所述的电解液,所含锂/钠离子的浓度范围分别为0.001~10mol/L。
本发明所述的电解液,所述溶质可以是有机锂盐和/或无机锂盐以及有机钠盐和/或无机钠盐,锂盐和钠盐的选择范围包括但不限于六氟磷酸锂、双(三氟甲基磺酰亚胺)锂、三氟甲基磺酸锂、四氯硼酸锂、高氯酸锂、四氟硼酸锂、硝酸锂、六氟磷酸钠、双(三氟甲基磺酰亚胺)钠、三氟甲基磺酸钠、四氯硼酸钠、高氯酸钠、四氟硼酸钠、硝酸钠、六氟锑酸钠、苯甲酸钠、对甲苯磺酸钠、双氟磺酰亚胺钠、四氯铝酸钠、四氯铁酸钠、四苯硼钠等。
本发明所述的电解液,可以含有以硼酸酯类、亚硫酸酯类、磺酸内酯类、氟代乙烯酯、聚氧乙醚中的一种或几种作为成膜添加剂。添加剂的作用主要是有利于形成均匀的SEI膜,从而减少界面阻抗。
本发明所述的电解液,可以含有以磷酸三甲酯、磷酸三乙酯、磷酸三丁酯、磷酸三苯酯、磷酸异丙苯二苯基酯、磷酸甲苯基二苯酯、六甲氧基磷腈、乙氧基五氟环三磷腈、三(2,2,2-三氟乙基)磷酸酯、二(2,2,2-三氟乙基)甲基磷酸和(2,2,2.三氟乙基)二乙基酸酯、六甲基磷酰胺中的一种或几种,作为电解液阻燃添加剂。
本发明提供的基于铁基正极的混合锂钠离子电池,其中,铁基正极具有低成本和原料来源丰富的优势,但是钠离子电池铁基聚阴离子正极材料往往导电性差,放电容量较低,而高温合成的碳包覆的磷酸铁锂导电性优异,放电容量高;将磷酸铁锂与钠离子电池铁基聚阴离子正极材料混合可以提高正极的导电性与能量密度。同时二者的结合,由于锂离子和钠离子同时嵌入/脱出,协同效应进一步增强电池的倍率性能,提高电池的功率密度,同时有利于低温性能。
具体实施方式
为进一步清楚地说明本发明的技术方案和优点,本发明用以下具体实施例进行说明,但是本发明并不局限于这些例子。
实施例1
以碳酸乙烯酯/碳酸二甲酯为溶剂,将六氟磷酸钠/高氯酸锂(1:1)按照1、5、10mol/L的浓度溶解在碳酸乙烯酯/碳酸二甲酯(v/v,1:1)中,得到该电解液。以LiFePO4/Na2FeP2O7(m/m,4/6)作为正极活性物质。正极电极片的制备如下:按照活性物质(LiFePO4/Na2FeP2O7):导电剂(super P):粘结剂(聚偏氟乙烯PVDF)=80:10:10的比例混合浆料,涂覆在铝箔表面,构成正极电极片。在该实施例中,正极的涂布量为6mg cm-2。其次,以硬碳为负极活性物质。负极电极片的制备如下:按照活性物质(硬碳):导电剂(super P):粘结剂(聚偏氟乙烯PVDF)=80:10:10的比例混合浆料,涂覆在铜箔表面,构成负极电极片。在该实施例中,负极的涂布量为3mg cm-2。然后,以玻璃纤维隔膜为电池隔膜,组装成扣式电池。在常温25℃下,以0.5C的电流密度循环5000圈后,容量保持率达90%(见表1),以10C的电流密度循环10000圈后,容量保持率达88%(见表2)。
实施例2
以碳酸乙烯酯/碳酸二甲酯+5%磷酸三甲酯为溶剂,将六氟磷酸钠/高氯酸锂(1:1)按照1、5、10mol/L的浓度溶解在碳酸乙烯酯/碳酸二甲酯(v/v,1:1)中,加入5%磷酸三甲酯作为阻燃剂,得到该电解液。以LiFePO4/Na3.64Fe2.18(P2O7)2(m/m,4/6)作为正极活性物质。正极电极片的制备如下:按照活性物质(LiFePO4/Na3.64Fe2.18(P2O7)2):导电剂(super P):粘结剂(聚偏氟乙烯PVDF)=80:10:10的比例混合浆料,涂覆在铝箔表面,构成正极电极片。在该实施例中,正极的涂布量为6mg cm-2。其次,以软碳为负极活性物质。负极电极片的制备如下:按照活性物质(软碳):导电剂(super P):粘结剂(聚偏氟乙烯PVDF)=80:10:10的比例混合浆料,涂覆在铜箔表面,构成负极电极片。在该实施例中,负极的涂布量为3mg cm-2。然后,以玻璃纤维隔膜为电池隔膜,组装成扣式电池。在常温25℃下,以0.5C的电流密度循环4000圈后,容量保持率达91%(见表1),以10C的电流密度循环12000圈后,容量保持率达85%(见表2)。
实施例3
以二乙二醇二甲醚为溶剂,将三氟甲基磺酸钠/高氯酸锂(1:1)按照1、5、10mol/L的浓度溶解在二乙二醇二甲醚中,得到该电解液。以LiFePO4/Na3.12Fe2.44(P2O7)2(m/m,3/7)作为正极活性物质。正极电极片的制备如下:按照活性物质(LiFePO4/Na3.12Fe2.44(P2O7)2):导电剂(super P):粘结剂(聚偏氟乙烯PVDF)=80:10:10的比例混合浆料,涂覆在铝箔表面,构成正极电极片。在该实施例中,正极的涂布量为6mg cm-2。其次,以石墨为负极活性物质。负极电极片的制备如下:按照活性物质(石墨):导电剂(super P):粘结剂(聚偏氟乙烯PVDF)=80:10:10的比例混合浆料,涂覆在铜箔表面,构成负极电极片。在该实施例中,负极的涂布量为4mg cm-2。然后,以玻璃纤维隔膜为电池隔膜,组装成扣式电池。在常温25℃下,以0.5C的电流密度循环9000圈后,容量保持率达87%(见表1),以10C的电流密度循环12000圈后,容量保持率达83%(见表2)。
实施例4
以二乙二醇二甲醚为溶剂,将六氟磷酸钠/高氯酸锂(1:1)按照1、5、10mol/L的浓度溶解在二乙二醇二甲醚中,得到该电解液。以LiFePO4/Na3.32Fe2.34(P2O7)2(m/m,4/6)作为正极活性物质。正极电极片的制备如下:按照活性物质(LiFePO4/Na3.32Fe2.34(P2O7)2):导电剂(CNT):粘结剂(聚偏氟乙烯PVDF)=80:10:10的比例混合浆料,涂覆在铝箔表面,构成正极电极片。在该实施例中,正极的涂布量为6mg cm-2。其次,以硬碳为负极活性物质。负极电极片的制备如下:按照活性物质(硬碳):导电剂(CNT):粘结剂(聚偏氟乙烯PVDF)=80:10:10的比例混合浆料,涂覆在铜箔表面,构成负极电极片。在该实施例中,负极的涂布量为2mgcm-2。然后,以玻璃纤维隔膜为电池隔膜,组装成扣式电池。在常温25℃下,以0.5C的电流密度循环8000圈后,容量保持率达91%(见表1),以10C的电流密度循环12000圈后,容量保持率达83%(见表2)。
实施例5
以碳酸乙烯酯/碳酸二甲酯为溶剂,将高氯酸钠/高氯酸锂(1:1)按照1、5、10mol/L的浓度溶解在碳酸乙烯酯/碳酸二甲酯(v/v,1:1)中,得到该电解液。以LiFePO4/Na7Fe4.5(P2O7)4(m/m,2/8)作为正极活性物质。正极电极片的制备如下:按照活性物质(LiFePO4/Na7Fe4.5(P2O7)4):导电剂(super P):粘结剂(聚偏氟乙烯PVDF)=80:10:10的比例混合浆料,涂覆在铝箔表面,构成正极电极片。在该实施例中,正极的涂布量为6mg cm-2。其次,以膨胀石墨为负极活性物质。负极电极片的制备如下:按照活性物质(膨胀石墨):导电剂(superP):粘结剂(聚偏氟乙烯PVDF)=80:10:10的比例混合浆料,涂覆在铜箔表面,构成负极电极片。在该实施例中,负极的涂布量为2mg cm-2。然后,以玻璃纤维隔膜为电池隔膜,组装成扣式电池。在常温25℃下,以0.5C的电流密度循环6000圈后,容量保持率达90%(见表1),以10C的电流密度循环10000圈后,容量保持率达89%(见表2)。在-40℃的低温下,以0.2C的电流循环,依然可以保持室温83%的容量。
实施例6
以二乙二醇二甲醚为溶剂,将六氟磷酸钠/三氟甲基磺酸锂(1:1)按照1、5、10mol/L的浓度溶解在二乙二醇二甲醚中,得到该电解液。以LiFePO4/Na2FeP2O7/Na3.64Fe2.18(P2O7)2(m/m,4/3/3)作为正极活性物质。正极电极片的制备如下:按照活性物质(LiFePO4/Na2FeP2O7/Na3.64Fe2.18(P2O7)2):导电剂(CNF):粘结剂(聚偏氟乙烯PVDF)=80:10:10的比例混合浆料,涂覆在铝箔表面,构成正极电极片。在该实施例中,正极的涂布量为6mg cm-2。其次,以软碳和硬碳混合物为负极活性物质。负极电极片的制备如下:按照活性物质(软碳:硬碳=1:1):导电剂(CNF):粘结剂(聚偏氟乙烯PVDF)=80:10:10的比例混合浆料,涂覆在铜箔表面,构成负极电极片。在该实施例中,负极的涂布量为2mg cm-2。然后,以玻璃纤维隔膜为电池隔膜,组装成扣式电池。在常温25℃下,以0.5C的电流密度循环5000圈后,容量保持率达91%(见表1),以10C的电流密度循环10000圈后,容量保持率达87%(见表2)。在-70℃的低温下,以0.2C的电流循环,依然可以保持室温72%的容量。
实施例7
以碳酸乙烯酯/碳酸二甲酯为溶剂,将六氟磷酸钠/高氯酸锂(1:1)按照1、5、10mol/L的浓度溶解在碳酸乙烯酯/碳酸二甲酯(v/v,1:1)中,得到该电解液。以LiFePO4/Na2FeP2O7/Na3.12Fe2.44(P2O7)2(m/m,4/3/3)作为正极活性物质。正极电极片的制备如下:按照活性物质LiFePO4/Na2FeP2O7/Na3.12Fe2.44(P2O7)2:导电剂(super P):粘结剂(聚偏氟乙烯PVDF)=80:10:10的比例混合浆料,涂覆在铝箔表面,构成正极电极片。在该实施例中,正极的涂布量为6mg cm-2。其次,以软碳为负极活性物质。负极电极片的制备如下:按照活性物质(软碳):导电剂(super P):粘结剂(聚偏氟乙烯PVDF)=80:10:10的比例混合浆料,涂覆在铜箔表面,构成负极电极片。在该实施例中,负极的涂布量为3mg cm-2。然后,以玻璃纤维隔膜为电池隔膜,组装成扣式电池。在常温25℃下,以0.5C的电流密度循环6000圈后,容量保持率达85%(见表1),以10C的电流密度循环10000圈后,容量保持率达90%(见表2)。
实施例8
以碳酸丙烯酯/碳酸甲乙酯为溶剂,将六氟磷酸钠/三氟甲基磺酸锂(1:1)按照1、5、10mol/L的浓度溶解在碳酸丙烯酯/碳酸甲乙酯(v/v,1:1)中,得到该电解液。以LiFePO4/Na2FeP2O7/Na3.32Fe2.34(P2O7)2(m/m,4/3/3)作为正极活性物质。正极电极片的制备如下:按照活性物质(LiFePO4/Na2FeP2O7/Na3.32Fe2.34(P2O7)2):导电剂(super P):粘结剂(聚偏氟乙烯PVDF)=80:10:10的比例混合浆料,涂覆在铝箔表面,构成正极电极片。在该实施例中,正极的涂布量为6mg cm-2。其次,以硬碳为负极活性物质。负极电极片的制备如下:按照活性物质(硬碳):导电剂(super P):粘结剂(聚偏氟乙烯PVDF)=80:10:10的比例混合浆料,涂覆在铜箔表面,构成负极电极片。在该实施例中,负极的涂布量为3mg cm-2。然后,以玻璃纤维隔膜为电池隔膜,组装成扣式电池。在常温25℃下,以0.5C的电流密度循环6000圈后,容量保持率达90%(见表1),以10C的电流密度循环9000圈后,容量保持率达91%(见表2)。
实施例9
以二乙二醇二甲醚为溶剂,将六氟磷酸钠/高氯酸锂(1:1)按照1、5、10mol/L的浓度溶解在二乙二醇二甲醚中,得到该电解液。以LiFePO4/Na2FeP2O7/Na7Fe4.5(P2O7)4(m/m,4/3/3)作为正极活性物质。正极电极片的制备如下:按照活性物质(LiFePO4/Na2FeP2O7/Na7Fe4.5(P2O7)4):导电剂(super P):粘结剂(聚偏氟乙烯PVDF)=80:10:10的比例混合浆料,涂覆在铝箔表面,构成正极电极片。在该实施例中,正极的涂布量为6mg cm-2。其次,以石墨为负极活性物质。负极电极片的制备如下:按照活性物质(石墨):导电剂(super P):粘结剂(聚偏氟乙烯PVDF)=80:10:10的比例混合浆料,涂覆在铜箔表面,构成负极电极片。在该实施例中,负极的涂布量为4mg cm-2。然后,以玻璃纤维隔膜为电池隔膜,组装成扣式电池。在常温25℃下,以0.5C的电流密度循环4000圈后,容量保持率达93%(见表1),以10C的电流密度循环14000圈后,容量保持率达82%(见表2)。在-60℃的低温下,以0.2C的电流循环,依然可以保持室温80%的容量。
实施例10
以碳酸乙烯酯/碳酸二甲酯为溶剂,将六氟磷酸钠/双(三氟甲基磺酰亚胺)锂(1:1)按照1、5、10mol/L的浓度溶解在碳酸乙烯酯/碳酸二甲酯(v/v,1:1)中,得到该电解液。以LiFePO4/Na3.12Fe2.44(P2O7)2/Na7Fe4.5(P2O7)4(m/m,4/3/3)作为正极活性物质。正极电极片的制备如下:按照活性物质(LiFePO4/Na3.12Fe2.44(P2O7)2/Na7Fe4.5(P2O7)4):导电剂(super P):粘结剂(聚偏氟乙烯PVDF)=80:10:10的比例混合浆料,涂覆在铝箔表面,构成正极电极片。在该实施例中,正极的涂布量为6mg cm-2。其次,以软碳为负极活性物质。负极电极片的制备如下:按照活性物质(软碳):导电剂(super P):粘结剂(聚偏氟乙烯PVDF)=80:10:10的比例混合浆料,涂覆在铜箔表面,构成负极电极片。在该实施例中,负极的涂布量为3mg cm-2。然后,以玻璃纤维隔膜为电池隔膜,组装成扣式电池。在常温25℃下,以0.5C的电流密度循环8000圈后,容量保持率达86%(见表1),以10C的电流密度循环10000圈后,容量保持率达84%(见表2)。
表1采用不同电极材料和电解液的混合锂钠离子电池的循环性能比较
表2采用不同电极材料和电解液的混合锂钠离子电池的循环性能比较
Claims (10)
1.一种基于铁基正极的混合锂钠离子电池,其特征在于,由正极、负极、电解液组成;所述正极的活性物质为磷酸铁锂与铁基聚阴离子钠电正极材料的混合物;所述负极的活性物质为碳基材料;正极片和负极片包含活性物质、导电剂、粘结剂和集流体;所述电解液含醚类溶剂和/或酯类溶剂,以有机锂盐和/或无机锂盐以及有机钠盐和/或无机钠盐作为溶质。
2.根据权利要求1所述的混合锂钠离子电池,其特征在于,所述正极活性物质中,所述磷酸铁锂为碳包覆的磷酸铁锂;所述铁基聚阴离子钠电正极材料为Na2FeP2O7,Na3.64Fe2.18(P2O7)2,Na3.12Fe2.44(P2O7)2,Na3.32Fe2.34(P2O7)2,Na7Fe4.5(P2O7)4,Na4Fe3(PO4)2P2O7,Na3Fe2(PO4)(P2O7),Na2FePO4F,Na2Fe3(PO4)3,Na2Fe(SO4)2,Na2Fe2(SO4)3中的一种或几种。
3.根据权利要求2所述的混合锂钠离子电池,其特征在于,所述正极中,磷酸铁锂在活性物质中所占比例不高于50%。
4.根据权利要求3所述的混合锂钠离子电池,其特征在于,所述负极中,活性物质选自石墨、软碳、硬碳、膨胀石墨。
5.根据权利要求4所述的混合锂钠离子电池,其特征在于,所述正极和负极中,导电添加剂选自活性炭、乙炔黑、炭黑、碳纳米管、碳纤维、石墨烯、石墨、介孔碳。
6.根据权利要求4所述的混合锂钠离子电池,其特征在于,所述正极和负极中,粘结剂选自聚四氟乙烯、聚偏氟乙烯、羧甲基纤维素、水溶性橡胶、聚乙烯醇、聚丙烯酸、海藻酸钠、丙烯腈多元共聚物。
7.根据权利要求6所述的混合锂钠离子电池,其特征在于,所述正极和负极中,集流体选自钛网、钛箔、不锈钢网、多孔不锈钢带、不锈钢箔、铝箔、铝网、碳布、碳网、碳毡、铜网、铜箔。
8.根据权利要求7所述的混合锂钠离子电池,其特征在于,所述电解液中,溶剂选自碳酸二甲酯、碳酸二乙酯、碳酸甲乙酯、碳酸二丙酯、碳酸乙烯酯、碳酸亚乙烯酯、碳酸丙烯酯、乙酸乙酯、丙酸乙酯、乙酸甲酯、乙酸丙酯、丙酸甲酯、二乙二醇二甲醚、乙二醇二甲醚、三乙二醇二甲醚、四乙二醇二甲醚、1,1,2,2-四氟乙基-2,2,3,3-四氟丙基醚、甲基九氟正丁基醚、八氟戊基-四氟乙基醚;
溶质是有机锂盐和/或无机锂盐以及有机钠盐和/或无机钠盐,所述锂盐和钠盐选自六氟磷酸锂、双(三氟甲基磺酰亚胺)锂、三氟甲基磺酸锂、四氯硼酸锂、高氯酸锂、四氟硼酸锂、硝酸锂、六氟磷酸钠、双(三氟甲基磺酰亚胺)钠、三氟甲基磺酸钠、四氯硼酸钠、高氯酸钠、四氟硼酸钠、硝酸钠、六氟锑酸钠、苯甲酸钠、对甲苯磺酸钠、双氟磺酰亚胺钠、四氯铝酸钠、四氯铁酸钠、四苯硼钠;
所含锂离子和钠离子的浓度范围分别为0.001~10 mol/L。
9.根据权利要求8所述的混合锂钠离子电池,其特征在于,所述电解液,还含有成膜添加剂,所述成膜添加剂选自硼酸酯类、亚硫酸酯类、磺酸内酯类、氟代乙烯酯、聚氧乙醚。
10.根据权利要求9所述的混合锂钠离子电池,其特征在于,所述电解液,还含有阻燃添加剂,所述阻燃添加剂选自磷酸三甲酯、磷酸三乙酯、磷酸三丁酯、磷酸三苯酯、磷酸异丙苯二苯基酯、磷酸甲苯基二苯酯、六甲氧基磷腈、乙氧基五氟环三磷腈、三(2,2,2‒三氟乙基)磷酸酯、二(2,2,2‒三氟乙基)甲基磷酸和(2,2,2.三氟乙基)二乙基酸酯、六甲基磷酰胺。
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