CN116970542B - 一种富硒葛仙米的两步培养法和生物富硒葛仙米胞外多糖的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种富硒葛仙米的两步培养法和生物富硒葛仙米胞外多糖的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种富硒葛仙米的两步培养法和生物富硒葛仙米胞外多糖的制备方法。本发明的富硒葛仙米的两步培养法包括以下步骤:(1)将葛仙米藻种接种到无氮BG‑11培养基中进行生长培养,得到葛仙米球状体;(2)将葛仙米球状体接种到驯化BG‑11培养基中进行驯化培养,再接种到富硒BG‑11培养基中进行富硒培养。本发明的生物富硒葛仙米胞外多糖的制备方法包括以下步骤:将富硒葛仙米进行乙醇浸提、高压均质、热水提取、蛋白水解、微滤超滤和浓缩干燥。本发明通过高生物量累积和高效生物富硒两步法培养富硒葛仙米,大大提高了富硒葛仙米的生产效率和品质。本发明通过双酶双膜工艺制备生物富硒葛仙米胞外多糖,高效、安全、无污染。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及微藻生物技术领域和生物分离工程技术领域,具体涉及一种富硒葛仙米的两步培养法和生物富硒葛仙米胞外多糖的制备方法。
背景技术
硒是人体必需的微量元素之一,在抗氧化、延缓衰老、提高免疫力等方面具有重要作用,而硒摄入不足与一些疾病的发生密切相关(例如:克山病与缺硒密切相关)。研究表明,富硒食品可以有效补充人体必需的硒,具有延缓衰老、提高免疫力、预防心血管疾病等功效,市场潜力巨大。在自然界,一些生物可以通过生物富集作用将无机硒转化为安全有效的有机硒而累积,但目前市场上的富硒产品大多是经化学衍生得到的人工产物(例如:硒化多肽、硒化多糖等),生物富硒的天然产品相对较少。
据《本草纲目》、《本草纲目拾遗》、《野菜博录》等古籍记载,葛仙米(Nostoc sphaeroidesKützing)、地木耳(Nostoc communeVaucher)等念珠藻具有食疗和保健作用。野生葛仙米是一种天然富硒产品,但目前野生葛仙米资源已接近枯竭,因此,人工培养富硒葛仙米具有十分重要的意义。尽管目前葛仙米成球培养方法已经较为成熟,但有关富硒葛仙米的培养技术却依然十分缺乏。目前主要是通过直接长期添加硒的方法来培养富硒葛仙米,但长期高硒培养不仅会降低葛仙米的光合能力、抑制生物量生长,导致葛仙米的生产效率下降,而且培养得到的葛仙米还会出现球状体变软、破裂现象,导致葛仙米的品质下降。因此,开发一种高品质的富硒葛仙米的高效培养方法具有十分重要的意义。
葛仙米富含多糖等营养物质,多糖含量高达40%,具有抗氧化、抗衰老、免疫调节、保湿等功效。葛仙米原产于鄂西富硒地区,自身具有进行生物富硒的天然优势,但目前还没有富硒葛仙米多糖等高值化产品以及从富硒葛仙米生产制备生物富硒多糖的相关技术。因此,提供一种高效、安全、无污染的葛仙米生物富硒多糖制备技术具有十分重要的意义。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种富硒葛仙米的两步培养法和生物富硒葛仙米胞外多糖的制备方法。
本发明所采取的技术方案是:
一种富硒葛仙米的两步培养法,其包括以下步骤:
(1)高生物量累积阶段:将葛仙米藻种接种到无氮BG-11培养基中进行生长培养,得到葛仙米球状体;
(2)高效生物富硒阶段:将葛仙米球状体接种到驯化BG-11培养基中进行驯化培养,驯化BG-11培养基由磷酸盐含量低于0.04g/L的无氮BG-11培养基添加硝酸钠制成,再转移至富硒BG-11培养基中进行富硒培养,富硒BG-11培养基由驯化BG-11培养基添加无机硒制成,即得富硒葛仙米。
优选地,步骤(1)所述葛仙米藻种的直径为1mm~2mm。
优选地,步骤(1)所述葛仙米藻种的接种量为10g/L~30g/L。
优选地,步骤(1)所述生长培养在温度为15℃~30℃、光照强度为60µmol·m-2·s-1~100µmol·m-2·s-1的通气条件下进行,每10天~20天更换一次培养基,直至获得直径为3mm~6mm的葛仙米球状体。
优选地,步骤(2)所述驯化BG-11培养基中硝酸钠的含量为0.1g/L~1.0g/L。
优选地,步骤(2)所述无机硒为亚硒酸钠。
优选地,步骤(2)所述富硒BG-11培养中硒的含量为1mg/L~10mg/L。
优选地,步骤(2)所述驯化培养在温度为10℃~25℃、光照强度为10µmol·m-2·s-1~60µmol·m-2·s-1的通气条件下进行,培养的时间为3天~6天。
优选地,步骤(2)所述富硒培养在温度为10℃~25℃、光照强度为10µmol·m-2·s-1~60µmol·m-2·s-1的通气条件下进行,培养的时间为7天~15天。
一种富硒葛仙米,其由上述方法培养得到。
优选地,所述富硒葛仙米呈球状体,硬度≥0.5N,硒含量按照富硒葛仙米的干重计≥100µg/g。
一种生物富硒葛仙米胞外多糖的制备方法包括以下步骤:将上述富硒葛仙米进行乙醇浸提、高压均质、热水提取、蛋白水解、微滤超滤和浓缩干燥,即得生物富硒葛仙米胞外多糖。
优选地,一种生物富硒葛仙米胞外多糖的制备方法包括以下步骤:
(1)乙醇浸提:将富硒葛仙米干燥和粉碎,再用乙醇浸泡,抽滤,得到葛仙米沉淀物;
(2)高压均质:将葛仙米沉淀物加水浸泡,再在压力为60MPa~100MPa的条件下进行均质,得到葛仙米沉淀物分散液;
(3)热水提取:将葛仙米沉淀物分散液置于温度为70℃~100℃的条件下进行提取,得到富硒葛仙米提取液;
(4)蛋白水解:将蛋白水解酶加入富硒葛仙米提取液中进行蛋白水解,再高温灭酶,再离心取上清液,得到富硒葛仙米蛋白水解液;
(5)微滤超滤:将富硒葛仙米蛋白水解液进行微滤,再取透过液用截留分子量为1000Da~10000Da的超滤膜进行超滤取截留液,得到富硒葛仙米多糖浓缩液;
(6)浓缩干燥:将富硒葛仙米多糖浓缩液进行减压浓缩,再进行干燥,即得生物富硒葛仙米胞外多糖。
优选地,步骤(1)所述干燥的方式为风干。
优选地,步骤(2)所述浸泡在常温下进行,浸泡的时间为12h~24h。
优选地,步骤(2)所述均质的次数为2次~4次。
优选地,步骤(3)所述提取的时间为1h~4h。
优选地,步骤(4)所述蛋白水解酶为木瓜蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶、菠萝蛋白酶中的至少一种。
进一步优选地,步骤(4)所述蛋白水解酶为木瓜蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶、菠萝蛋白酶中的两种。采用“双酶酶解”工艺,分别将两种酶加入到富硒葛仙米提取液中,根据酶特性在不同温度和pH值条件下进行酶解。
一种生物富硒葛仙米胞外多糖,其由上述制备方法制成。
优选地,所述生物富硒葛仙米胞外多糖的糖含量≥700mg/g,硒含量≥100µg/g。
优选地,所述生物富硒葛仙米胞外多糖是由以下摩尔百分比的单糖构成:
木糖:14%~18%;
甘露糖:13%~17%;
半乳糖:19%~27%;
葡萄糖:38%~46%;
葡萄糖醛酸:1%~6%。
本发明的有益效果是:本发明通过高生物量累积和高效生物富硒两步法培养富硒葛仙米,生物量累积主要通过光照强度和温度调控来实现,生物富硒主要通过添加硝酸钠、减少磷酸盐、添加无机硒、降低光照强度来实现,富硒葛仙米的品质主要通过添加硝酸钠来实现,大大提高了富硒葛仙米的生产效率和品质。本发明通过双酶双膜工艺制备生物富硒葛仙米胞外多糖,高效、安全、无污染。
具体来说:
(1)本发明通过高生物量累积和高效生物富硒两步法培养富硒葛仙米,在生物量累积到一定程度再进行富硒培养,克服了传统方法通过长期添加硒而引起的葛仙米光合能力降低、生物量生长受到抑制等问题,大大提高了富硒葛仙米的生产效率;
(2)本发明的富硒葛仙米两步培养法采用先生长培养再富硒培养的技术,从而在时空上区隔生物量生产和生物硒富集,有效减少了葛仙米球状体出现变软、破裂等不良现象,从而提高了富硒葛仙米的品质;
(3)本发明的富硒葛仙米两步培养法的生物富硒阶段,通过利用培养基中不同营养元素之间的拮抗作用、协同作用等规律(例如:改变培养基中不同元素的比例和增加培养时间),加上不同光照和温度的组合调控,在保障生物量生产效率和葛仙米球状体品质的前提下实现了高效生物富硒;
(4)本发明制备的生物富硒葛仙米胞外多糖的糖含量≥700mg/g、硒含量≥100µg/g,可以广泛应用于保健食品、化妆品等领域;
(5)本发明通过双酶双膜工艺制备生物富硒葛仙米胞外多糖,高效、安全、无污染,生产规模易于线性放大,适合进行工业化生产。
附图说明
图1为本发明的富硒葛仙米的两步培养法和生物富硒葛仙米胞外多糖的制备方法的工艺流程图。
图2为实施例1和对比例1的富硒葛仙米的实物图。
图3为对比例3中长期添加硒对葛仙米球状体影响的实物图。
图4为葛仙米球状体的硬度测试示意图。
图5为实施例4的生物富硒葛仙米胞外多糖的DPPH自由基清除率测试结果图。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步的解释和说明。
实施例1 富硒葛仙米的高效培养
一种富硒葛仙米,其培养方法如下(工艺流程图如图1所示;采用高生物量累积和高效生物富硒两步法培养富硒葛仙米,即在生物量累积到一定程度后再进行富硒培养,从而收获得到高品质的富硒葛仙米):
(1)高生物量累积阶段:将直径为1mm~2mm的葛仙米藻种接种到无氮BG-11培养基(培养基组成如下:磷酸氢二钾:0.04g/L;硫酸镁:0.075g/L;氯化钙:0.036g/L;柠檬酸铁铵:0.006g/L;柠檬酸:0.006g/L;乙二胺四乙酸二钠盐:0.001g/L;碳酸钠:0.02g/L;微量元素A5:1mL/L;pH值为7.1)中,接种量为20g/L,再在温度为20℃、光照强度为70µmol·m-2·s-1的通气条件下进行生长培养,每15天更换一次培养基,直至获得直径为3mm~4mm的葛仙米球状体(培养30天左右);
(2)高效生物富硒阶段:将步骤(1)得到的葛仙米球状体接种到驯化BG-11培养基(培养基的组成如下:磷酸氢二钾:0.02g/L;硝酸钠:0.4g/L;硫酸镁:0.075g/L;氯化钙:0.036g/L;柠檬酸铁铵:0.006g/L;柠檬酸:0.006g/L;乙二胺四乙酸二钠盐:0.001g/L;碳酸钠:0.02g/L;微量元素A5:1mL/L;pH值为7.1)中,接种量为20g/L,再在温度为15℃、光照强度为30µmol·m-2·s-1的通气条件下驯化培养4天,再转移至富硒BG-11培养基(培养基的组成如下:磷酸氢二钾:0.02g/L;硝酸钠:0.4g/L;硫酸镁:0.075g/L;氯化钙:0.036g/L;柠檬酸铁铵:0.006g/L;柠檬酸:0.006g/L;乙二胺四乙酸二钠盐:0.001g/L;碳酸钠:0.02g/L;微量元素A5:1mL/L;硒:3mg/L;硒是由亚硒酸钠提供;pH值为7.1)中,再在温度为15℃、光照强度为30µmol·m-2·s-1的通气条件下富硒培养10天,再过1mm孔径的筛网取筛网上的球状体,再用清水冲洗3次,即得富硒葛仙米(球状体)。
经计算,接种100g的直径为1mm~2mm的葛仙米藻种,采用本实施例的方法培养一个多月,可以收获直径为4mm~5mm的富硒葛仙米球状体约2.5kg。
实际生产中可以采用梯度培养的管理模式,每半个月可以收获一批富硒葛仙米球状体。
实施例2 富硒阶段磷酸盐含量对葛仙米球状体硒积累的影响
一种富硒葛仙米,除了培养时将驯化BG-11培养基和富硒BG-11培养基中的磷酸氢二钾的含量由0.02g/L调整为0.04g/L以外,其余与实施例1完全相同。
实施例3 富硒阶段光照强度对葛仙米球状体富硒的调节作用
一种富硒葛仙米,除了培养时将步骤(2)中驯化培养和富硒培养的光照强度由30µmol·m-2·s-1调整为60µmol·m-2·s-1以外,其余与实施例1完全相同。
对比例1 富硒阶段氮元素对葛仙米球状体富硒效果的影响
一种富硒葛仙米,除了培养时未在驯化BG-11培养基和富硒BG-11培养基中添加硝酸钠以外,其余与实施例1完全相同。
对比例2 野生葛仙米和本发明的富硒葛仙米的硒含量对比
野生富硒葛仙米(鄂西富硒地区野外生长的葛仙米)。
对比例3 长期添加硒对葛仙米生物量及品质的影响
一种富硒葛仙米,其培养方法如下:
将直径为1mm~2mm的葛仙米藻种接种到富硒无氮BG-11培养基(培养基的组成如下:磷酸氢二钾:0.04g/L;硫酸镁:0.075g/L;氯化钙:0.036g/L;柠檬酸铁铵:0.006g/L;柠檬酸:0.006g/L;乙二胺四乙酸二钠盐:0.001g/L;碳酸钠:0.02g/L;微量元素A5:1mL/L;硒:3mg/L;硒是由亚硒酸钠提供;pH值为7.1)中,接种量为20g/L,再在温度为25℃、光照强度为70µmol·m-2·s-1的通气条件下进行培养,每16天更换一次培养基,培养32天,再过1mm孔径的筛网取筛网上的球状体,再用清水冲洗3次,即得富硒葛仙米(球状体)。
经计算,接种100g的直径为1mm~2mm的葛仙米藻种,采用本对比例的方法培养16天,可以收获直径为2mm~3mm的葛仙米球状体(以干重计的硒含量为180µg/g)约0.4kg,继续培养16天,由于大部分球状体破裂,最终可以收获的葛仙米球状体仅为0.1kg。
理化性质测试:
实施例1~3和对比例1~3中的富硒葛仙米的外观(实施例1和对比例1的富硒葛仙米的实物图如图2所示,图2中的a为实施例1,b为对比例1;对比例3中长期添加硒对葛仙米球状体影响的实物图如图3所示)、硬度、干湿重比、硒含量和产量如下表所示:
表1 富硒葛仙米的外观、硬度、干湿重比、硒含量和产量测试结果
注:
硬度:随机取10个直径大小相同的葛仙米球状体,用吸水纸吸干水分,再将葛仙米球状体置于玻璃平板上,用三量推拉力计(SF-10N)测定将葛仙米球状体压破所需要的压力(硬度测试示意图如图4所示;硬度取10个葛仙米球状体压破所需要的压力的平均值,单位为N)。
干湿重比:取一定重量的葛仙米球状体,吸干表面的水分,称其鲜重记录为Fw,移至烘箱,105℃烘12h至恒重,得干重Dw,干湿重比用下式计算:干湿重比= Dw/Fw×100%。葛仙米球状体的感观质量和干湿重比有密切关系,当干湿重比低于1.1%时,葛仙米球状体手感较差,且在培养过程中很容易破裂。
硒含量:将葛仙米风干,再称取30mg参照“GB 5009.93-2017 食品安全国家标准食品中硒的测定”中的荧光分光光度法测定硒含量。
由表1可知:
(a)实施例1和实施例2的富硒葛仙米的外观、硬度、干湿重比和产量没有明显差异,但实施例1的富硒葛仙米的硒含量明显高于实施例2的富硒葛仙米,说明适当降低驯化BG-11培养基和富硒BG-11培养基中磷酸盐的含量有助于提高葛仙米的富硒效率;
(b)实施例1的富硒葛仙米的硒含量明显高于实施例3的富硒葛仙米,说明光照强度对葛仙米生物富硒具有调节作用,适当降低光照强度可以有效提高葛仙米中硒的积累;
(c)实施例1的富硒葛仙米的硒含量明显高于对比例1的富硒葛仙米,说明葛仙米生物富硒阶段氮起重要作用,因此,在富硒培养基中适当添加氮元素对固氮蓝藻(蓝细菌)葛仙米的富硒效果有促进作用;
(d)实施例1的富硒葛仙米球状体圆润有光泽,呈墨绿色,触摸结实,有弹性,而对比例1的富硒葛仙米球状体颜色较淡,触摸较软,富硒球体较易破裂(图2);实施例1的富硒葛仙米球状体硬度为1.47N±0.5N,而对比例1的葛仙米球状体硬度仅0.51N±0.2N,说明在驯化和富硒培养阶段适当增加氮含量可以显著改善葛仙米球状体的品质;
(e)实施例1的富硒葛仙米的硒含量(365μg/g±23μg/g)远高于野生葛仙米(3μg/g±1μg/g),说明本发明的富硒培养方法大大提高了葛仙米中硒的积累。
由图3可知:随着培养时间的增加,葛仙米球状体颜色逐渐变淡,触摸发现富硒时间越长的球状体越软(接种时的球状体硬度为0.92N,富硒培养16天降至0.43N),当培养32天时,大部分球状体破裂,说明长期添加硒会抑制葛仙米生物量生长,出现葛仙米球状体变软、破裂等不良现象,最终会降低生物富硒葛仙米的产量和品质。
实施例4 生物富硒葛仙米胞外多糖的制备方法
一种生物富硒葛仙米胞外多糖,其制备方法如下(工艺流程图如图1所示):
(1)乙醇浸提:将实施例1的富硒葛仙米风干,再进行粉碎,再将粉碎得到的粉末加入95%的乙醇溶液(乙醇、水的体积比为95:5)中,粉末、乙醇溶液的添加量比为1g:20mL,常温浸泡过夜,抽滤,得到葛仙米沉淀物;
(2)高压均质:将葛仙米沉淀物加入水中,葛仙米沉淀物、水的添加量比为1g:400mL,常温浸泡24h,再在压力为100MPa的条件下均质2次,得到葛仙米沉淀物分散液;
(3)热水提取:将葛仙米沉淀物分散液置于温度为100℃的条件下提取4h,得到富硒葛仙米提取液;
(4)蛋白水解:将富硒葛仙米提取液的pH值用浓度为1mol/L的盐酸溶液调节至6.0,再按3000U/g干藻原料的比例加入木瓜蛋白酶,再在温度为60℃的条件下进行3h酶解,冷却至室温,再用浓度为1mol/L的氢氧化钠溶液调节pH值至8.0,再按3000U/g干藻原料的比例加入胰蛋白酶,再在温度为45℃的条件下进行3h酶解,再煮沸10min进行灭酶,冷却至室温,再进行离心取上清液,得到富硒葛仙米蛋白水解液;
(5)微滤超滤:将富硒葛仙米蛋白水解液进行微滤,再取透过液用截留分子量为3000Da的超滤膜进行超滤至1/10体积,取截留液,得到富硒葛仙米多糖浓缩液;
(6)浓缩干燥:将富硒葛仙米多糖浓缩液进行减压浓缩,再进行冷冻干燥,即得生物富硒葛仙米胞外多糖(得率为400mg/g,硒含量为113μg/g)。
理化性质和活性测试:
(a)糖含量的测定:取本实施例的生物富硒葛仙米胞外多糖配制成浓度为0.5mg/mL的溶液,再取50μL的溶液加入到96孔板中,再加入150μL的质量分数为98%的硫酸溶液,再加入30μL的质量分数为5%的苯酚溶液,快速混合,再用封板膜封板,再在温度为90℃的条件下加热5min,再置于常温水浴中冷却5min,擦干孔板,测定波长492nm处的吸光值,根据葡萄糖标准样品计算样品中的糖含量。
经测试,本实施例的生物富硒葛仙米胞外多糖的糖含量为750mg/g。
(b)单糖组分分析:取2mg的本实施例的生物富硒葛仙米胞外多糖加入棕色小瓶,再加入100μL的浓度为1mg/mL的肌醇溶液(内标),再冷冻干燥,再加入1mL的无水盐酸甲醇,氮气封瓶,旋紧瓶盖,再在温度为80℃的条件下加热24h进行甲醇解,再用氮气将盐酸甲醇吹干,再加入1mL的无水甲醇洗涤样品并吹干,重复3次,再加入200µL的TMS衍生试剂(由六甲基二硅氮烷、三甲基氯硅烷和吡啶按照体积比2:1:5组成),混匀后静置20min,再取1μL的上清液进行气相色谱分析(气相色谱仪:安捷伦6890N;色谱柱:DB-5毛细管柱(30m×0.25mm);进样温度:250℃;检测器温度:260℃;载气:氮气;流速:0.9mL/min;分流比:20:1;升温程序:以1℃/min的速率从140℃升温至170℃,以6℃/min的速率升温至250℃,以30℃/min的速率升温至260℃,随后保持3min)。
经测试,本实施例的生物富硒葛仙米胞外多糖是由以下摩尔百分比的单糖构成:木糖:15.9%;甘露糖:16.5%;半乳糖:25.4%;葡萄糖:38.9%;葡萄糖醛酸:3.3%。
(c)体外抗氧化活性:取本实施例的生物富硒葛仙米胞外多糖分别配制成浓度为0.5mg/mL、1mg/mL、2mg/mL和4mg/mL的溶液,再分别取100μL的不同浓度的溶液与等体积的浓度为100mmol/L的DPPH溶液在96孔板中混合,再在室温下避光反应30min,再测定波长517nm处的吸光值。样品组(A1):样品溶液+DPPH溶液;对照组(A0):水+DPPH溶液。按下列公式计算多糖的 DPPH自由基清除率:DPPH清除率(%)=[(A0-A1)/A0]×100%,测试得到的生物富硒葛仙米胞外多糖的DPPH自由基清除率测试结果如图5所示。
由图5可知:本实施例的生物富硒葛仙米胞外多糖具有清除DPPH的能力,且清除能力与多糖的浓度呈剂量依赖。
实施例5 生物富硒葛仙米胞外多糖的制备方法
一种生物富硒葛仙米胞外多糖,其制备方法如下:
(1)乙醇浸提:将实施例1的富硒葛仙米风干,再进行粉碎,再将粉碎得到的粉末加入95%的乙醇溶液(乙醇、水的体积比为95:5)中,粉末、乙醇溶液的添加量比为1g:5mL,常温浸泡过夜,抽滤,得到葛仙米沉淀物;
(2)高压均质:将葛仙米沉淀物加入水中,葛仙米沉淀物、水的添加量比为1g:100mL,常温浸泡24h,再在压力为60MPa的条件下均质2次,得到葛仙米沉淀物分散液;
(3)热水提取:将葛仙米沉淀物分散液置于温度为70℃的条件下提取1h,得到富硒葛仙米提取液;
(4)蛋白水解:将富硒葛仙米提取液的pH值用浓度为1mol/L的盐酸溶液调节至6.0,再按8000U/g干藻原料的比例加入木瓜蛋白酶,再在温度为60℃的条件下进行8h酶解,冷却至室温,再浓度为1mol/L的氢氧化钠溶液调节pH值至7.0,再按8000U/g干藻原料的比例加入菠萝蛋白酶,再在温度为55℃的条件下进行8h酶解,再煮沸10min进行灭酶,冷却至室温,再进行离心取上清液,得到富硒葛仙米蛋白水解液;
(5)微滤超滤:将富硒葛仙米蛋白水解液进行微滤,再取透过液用截留分子量为10000Da的超滤膜进行超滤至1/20体积,取截留液,得到富硒葛仙米多糖浓缩液;
(6)浓缩干燥:将富硒葛仙米多糖浓缩液进行减压浓缩,再进行冷冻干燥,即得生物富硒葛仙米胞外多糖(得率为360mg/g)。
上述实施例为本发明较佳的实施方式,但本发明的实施方式并不受上述实施例的限制,其他的任何未背离本发明的精神实质与原理下所作的改变、修饰、替代、组合、简化,均应为等效的置换方式,都包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (2)
1.一种富硒葛仙米的两步培养法,其特征在于,步骤如下:
(1)高生物量累积阶段:将葛仙米藻种接种到无氮BG-11培养基中进行生长培养,得到葛仙米球状体;
(2)高效生物富硒阶段:将葛仙米球状体接种到驯化BG-11培养基中进行驯化培养,驯化BG-11培养基由磷酸盐含量低于0.04g/L的无氮BG-11培养基添加硝酸钠制成,且磷酸盐含量低于0.04g/L的无氮BG-11培养基中的磷酸盐含量不为0,再转移至富硒BG-11培养基中进行富硒培养,富硒BG-11培养基由驯化BG-11培养基添加无机硒制成,即得富硒葛仙米;
步骤(1)所述生长培养在温度为15℃~30℃、光照强度为60µmol·m-2·s-1~100µmol·m-2·s-1的通气条件下进行,每10天~20天更换一次培养基,直至获得直径为3mm~6mm的葛仙米球状体;
步骤(2)所述磷酸盐含量低于0.04g/L的无氮BG-11培养基中的磷酸盐为磷酸氢二钾;
步骤(2)所述驯化BG-11培养基中硝酸钠的含量为0.1g/L~1.0g/L;
步骤(2)所述驯化培养在温度为10℃~25℃、光照强度为10µmol·m-2·s-1~60µmol·m-2·s-1的通气条件下进行,培养的时间为3天~6天;
步骤(2)所述无机硒为亚硒酸钠;
步骤(2)所述富硒BG-11培养中硒的含量为1mg/L~10mg/L;
步骤(2)所述富硒培养在温度为10℃~25℃、光照强度为10µmol·m-2·s-1~60µmol·m-2·s-1的通气条件下进行,培养的时间为7天~15天。
2.一种富硒葛仙米,其特征在于,由权利要求1所述的培养法培养得到;所述富硒葛仙米呈球状体,硬度≥0.5N,硒含量按照富硒葛仙米的干重计≥100µg/g。
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