CN116965411B - 一种黄酮类化合物在制备杀虫剂中的应用 - Google Patents
一种黄酮类化合物在制备杀虫剂中的应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种黄酮类化合物或其盐在制备杀虫剂中的应用，其中，所述黄酮类化合物为7,4’‑二羟基黄酮。与现有技术相比，本发明拓宽了化合物7,4’‑二羟基黄酮的应用领域，首次将治疗药物的化合物运用于害虫绿色防控中，用于防治多种农业害虫，尤其对普通大蓟马和花蓟马具有显著的防治效果。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于现代农业技术领域，具体涉及一种黄酮类化合物在制备杀虫剂中的应用。
背景技术
豇豆[Vigna unguiculata(L.) Walp]隶属豆科菜豆族豇豆属，是热带和亚热带地区重要的豆类作物。蓟马包括普通大蓟马[Megalurothrips usitatus(Bagnall)]和花蓟马[Frankliniella intonsa(Trybom)]是豇豆种植中危害最严重的害虫，特别是在海南豇豆种植区。普通大蓟马以锉吸式口器锉破植物组织表皮，吸取汁液造成危害，可危害豇豆的嫩叶、花和果实。叶片被害后皱缩卷曲，伸展不开。受害花瓣呈凹陷状，严重时造成大量落花。豆荚危害后黑头黑尾，严重影响品质。目前蓟马主要靠杀虫剂防治，杀虫剂种类大多为神经毒剂，如鱼尼丁受体类、新烟碱类、γ-氨基丁酸受体(GABA)类和拟除虫菊酯类等，而其对常用杀虫剂表现出药剂敏感性下降，抗性逐年升高的趋势。另外为了控制蓟马危害而大量使用农药使得农残超标，对食品安全造成了重大威胁，因此开发蓟马的生态防治体系迫在眉睫。为了保持现代农药在高效低毒、农药抗性、环境友好等方面的优势，开发新型的高效、低毒、无残留、对农作物无药害、不污染环境、对人畜安全的杀虫剂已成为必然趋势。
发明内容
为了克服上述现有技术存在的问题，本发明的目的之一在于提供一种黄酮类化合物或其盐在制备杀虫剂中的应用。本发明的目的之二在于提供一种杀虫组合物。本发明的目的之三在于提供一种控制害虫的方法。
7,4’-二羟基黄酮（DHF）是一种植物来源的黄酮化合物，具有活血化瘀、镇痛抗炎、抗氧化、抗真菌、抑制嗜酸性粒细胞趋化因子产生、抑制MUC5A基因表达和黏液产生等生理和药理活性，在临床治疗和医疗保健领域具有巨大的应用价值。目前已发现不少植物源化合物具有杀虫活性。植物来源的杀虫物质不会污染环境，对人、畜、农作物、生态环境相对安全，昆虫也对其不易产生抗性。利用植物源杀虫剂对害虫进行生态防治，有利于农业的健康可持续发展。而目前尚无将黄酮类的化合物作为农业化学上可用的杀虫剂。
为了实现上述目的，本发明所采取的技术方案是：
本发明第一方面提供了一种黄酮类化合物或其盐在制备杀虫剂中的应用，所述黄酮类化合物为7,4’-二羟基黄酮。
优选地，所述虫为昆虫纲缨翅目害虫。
更优选地，所述虫为昆虫纲缨翅目蓟马科害虫。
进一步优选地，所述昆虫纲缨翅目蓟马科害虫为普通大蓟马和花蓟马。
本发明第二方面提供了一种杀虫组合物，所述杀虫组合物的活性成分包括第一方面提供了一种黄酮类化合物或其盐。
术语“盐”是指本发明化合物的盐，由本发明发现的具有特定取代基的化合物与相对无毒的酸或碱制备。优选是农业上可接受的盐。
优选地，所述杀虫组合物还包括助剂。更优选地，所述助剂包括助溶剂、分散剂、润湿剂、消泡剂、崩解剂、增稠剂、表面活性剂或填料中的至少一种。更优选地，所述分散剂为丙酮。
优选地，所述杀虫组合物还包括其它杀虫活性化合物。更优选地，所述其它杀虫活性化合物包括溴虫氟苯双酰胺、高效氯氰菊酯、唑虫酰胺。
优选地，所述杀虫组合物的剂型为可湿性粉剂、水分散粒剂、悬浮剂、悬乳剂、水乳剂、微乳剂、水剂、乳油、可溶性粉剂、可溶性液剂、颗粒剂、微囊悬浮剂、微囊悬浮或悬浮剂。
更优选地，所述杀虫组合物的剂型为悬浮剂、可湿性粉剂、水分散粒剂、水剂、乳油或微乳剂中的任一种。
进一步优选地，当所述杀虫组合物的剂型为水剂时，所示黄酮类化合物或其盐的浓度为0.1~10 g/L。更进一步优选地，所示黄酮类化合物或其盐的浓度为1~5 g/L。
本发明第三方面还提供了一种控制害虫的方法，包括将第二方面所述杀虫组合物施用于害虫或害虫栖息地。
优选地，所述施用地方为植物表面。更优选地，所述施用地方为豇豆豆荚表面。
更优选地，将第二方面所述杀虫组合物施用于未被害虫侵蚀的植物表面。
优选地，所述杀虫组合物作用在害虫后24-48h致使害虫死亡。
本发明的有益效果是：
本发明提供了一种植物来源的效果显著，环境友好的杀虫剂。本发明的植物源抗虫化合物纯品可从市售商品中获得，价格低廉。其对普通大蓟马和花蓟马各发育阶段均表现了较好的毒杀效果。可以将此植物源抗虫化合物与填充剂或乳化剂混合，制成常规杀虫制剂。本发明的植物源抗虫化合物可以与其他化合物混合制备的使用形式而存在。所述其他化合物包括对普通大蓟马有抗虫效果其他化合制剂或者增强植物源抗虫化合物作用的增效剂，所添加的增效剂本身不必具有活性。
具体来说，本发明公开了一种黄酮类化合物或其盐在制备杀虫剂中的应用，所述黄酮类化合物为7,4’-二羟基黄酮。该化合物为植物源化合物，目前该化合物主要应用在治疗药物。本发明首次将7,4’-二羟基黄酮应用在杀虫剂领域，相比于传统化学农药，该化合物对环境友好，对蓟马有良好的致死效果，致死率高达70%，用于蓟马的防治可减少化学合成农药的使用，降低环境污染的同时也提高了农产品的食用安全，有良好的农业应用前景。
附图说明
图1为实施例1的致死率结果图；
图2为实施例2的致死率结果图；
图3为实施例3的致死率结果图；
图4为实施例4的致死率结果图；
图5为实施例5的致死率结果图；
图6为对比例1的致死率结果图；
图7为对比例2的致死率结果图。
具体实施方式
以下通过具体的实施例对本发明的内容作进一步详细的说明。实施例和对比例中所用的原料、试剂或装置如无特殊说明，均可从常规商业途径得到，或者可以通过现有技术方法得到。除非特别说明，试验或测试方法均为本领域的常规方法。
以下实施例的所用昆虫从豇豆种植田中采集，后经实验室饲养繁殖。
试虫饲养条件如下：喂养条豇豆豆荚喂养，温度为28-30℃，相对湿度为50％左右，光周期为L14:D10。
实施例1
处理组：将浓度为1 g/L的7,4’-二羟基黄酮悬浮液（溶剂为水+1.5%的丙酮）均匀喷洒在豇豆豆荚表面，用量约为0.01 mg/cm2，以豆荚表面全覆盖为宜，待其干燥后接入100头普通大蓟马成虫，48小时后统计普通大蓟马的致死率。对照组为喷洒1.5%丙酮-水溶液的豇豆豆荚。
实施例2
处理组：将浓度为1 g/L的7,4’-二羟基黄酮悬浮液（溶剂为水+1.5%的丙酮）均匀喷洒在豇豆豆荚表面，用量约为0.01 mg/cm2，以豆荚表面全覆盖为宜，待其干燥后接入100头普通大蓟马若虫，48小时后统计普通大蓟马的致死率。对照组为喷洒1.5%丙酮-水溶液的豇豆豆荚。
实施例3
处理组：将浓度为1 g/L的7,4’-二羟基黄酮悬浮液（溶剂为水+1.5%的丙酮）均匀喷洒在豇豆豆荚表面，用量约为0.01 mg/cm2，以豆荚表面全覆盖为宜，待其干燥后接入100头花蓟马成虫，48小时后统计花蓟马的存活率。对照组为喷洒1.5%丙酮-水溶液的豇豆豆荚。
实施例4
处理组：将浓度为1 g/L的7,4’-二羟基黄酮悬浮液（溶剂为水+1.5%的丙酮）均匀喷洒在豇豆豆荚表面，用量约为0.01 mg/cm2，以豆荚表面全覆盖为宜，待其干燥后接入100头花蓟马若虫，48小时后统计大蓟马的存活率。对照组为喷洒1.5%丙酮-水溶液的豇豆豆荚。
实施例5
处理组：将浓度为1 g/L的7,4’-二羟基黄酮悬浮液（溶剂为水+5% 表面活性剂BEP703D） 均匀喷洒在豇豆豆荚表面，用量约为0.01 mg/cm2，以豆荚表面全覆盖为宜，待其干燥后接入100头花蓟马成虫，48小时后统计花蓟马的存活率。对照组为喷洒含5%表面活性剂BEP703D的水溶液的豇豆豆荚。
对比例1
处理组：将浓度为1 g/L的黄酮类化合物theaflavanoside II （溶剂为水，其化合物结构如下图所示）均匀喷洒在豇豆豆荚表面，用量约为0.01 mg/cm2，以豆荚表面全覆盖为宜，待其干燥后接入100头普通大蓟马成虫，48小时后统计普通大蓟马成虫的存活率。对照组为喷洒水溶液的豇豆豆荚。
所述theaflavanoside II的结构式如下所示：
；
theaflavanoside II的苷元与7,4’-二羟基黄酮的结构类似，区别为本案化合物的7位为苯酚基，而theaflavanoside II的7位不为苯酚基。
对比例2
处理组：将浓度为1 g/L的黄酮类化合物theaflavanoside II （溶剂为水，其化合物结构如下图所示）均匀喷洒在豇豆豆荚表面，用量约为0.01 mg/cm2，以豆荚表面全覆盖为宜，待其干燥后接入100头花蓟马成虫，48小时后统计花蓟马成虫的存活率。对照组为喷洒水溶液的豇豆豆荚。
分析实施例1-5以及对比例1-2的处理组和对照组的致死率，结果分别如图1-7所示。
如图1-5所示，7,4’-二羟基黄酮对100只普通大蓟马和花蓟马的成虫及若虫的致死率高达70%，尤其是对花蓟马若虫的致死率高达90%，而且该药的作用机制不会使蓟马拒食，可实现整体高致死率，使用药剂防治在若虫阶段能取得理想的防治效果。如图6-7所示，对比例1和2中，与本发明化合物结构类似的theaflavanoside II对普通大蓟马和花蓟马成虫均无明显的致死效应。实施例和对比例的结果表明，取代基的位置不同对普通大蓟马和花蓟马的致死效果不具可比性。
上述实施例为本发明较佳的实施方式，但本发明的实施方式并不受上述实施例的限制，其他的任何未背离本发明的精神实质与原理下所作的改变、修饰、替代、组合、简化，均应为等效的置换方式，都包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (6)
1.一种黄酮类化合物或其盐作为活性成分在制备杀虫剂中的应用，其特征在于，所述黄酮类化合物为7 ,4’-二羟基黄酮；所述虫为普通大蓟马和花蓟马。
2.根据权利要求1所述的黄酮类化合物或其盐作为活性成分在制备杀虫剂中的应用，其特征在于，所述杀虫剂的剂型为可湿性粉剂、水分散粒剂、悬浮剂、悬乳剂、水乳剂、微乳剂、水剂、乳油、可溶性粉剂、可溶性液剂、颗粒剂、微囊悬浮剂或微囊悬浮-悬浮剂。
3.根据权利要求1所述的黄酮类化合物或其盐作为活性成分在制备杀虫剂中的应用，其特征在于，所述杀虫剂的组分还包括助剂。
4.根据权利要求1所述的黄酮类化合物或其盐作为活性成分在制备杀虫剂中的应用，其特征在于，所述杀虫剂的组分还包括其它杀虫活性化合物。
5.根据权利要求2所述的黄酮类化合物或其盐作为活性成分在制备杀虫剂中的应用，其特征在于，所述杀虫剂的组分中7 ,4’-二羟基黄酮的质量浓度为0.1g/L~10g/L。
6.一种控制害虫的方法，其特征在于，采用权利要求1-5任一项所述应用中的杀虫剂施用于害虫或害虫栖息地。
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