CN116947743A - 一类亚硝基硫醇化合物及其合成方法、用途 - Google Patents
一类亚硝基硫醇化合物及其合成方法、用途 Download PDFInfo
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- CN116947743A CN116947743A CN202310910580.7A CN202310910580A CN116947743A CN 116947743 A CN116947743 A CN 116947743A CN 202310910580 A CN202310910580 A CN 202310910580A CN 116947743 A CN116947743 A CN 116947743A
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D211/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings
- C07D211/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D211/68—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having one double bond between ring members or between a ring member and a non-ring member
- C07D211/72—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having one double bond between ring members or between a ring member and a non-ring member with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms, with at the most one bond to halogen, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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Abstract
本发明公开了一类亚硝基硫醇化合物及其合成方法、用途,属于医药领域。本发明提供一种式I或式II所示的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐、水合物、溶剂化物、立体异构体、互变异构体、顺反异构体、同位素标记物或前药,本发明化合物相对于现有产品氯吡格雷和普拉格雷而言,(1)其血小板聚集抑制率高;(2)起效更快;(3)对由于缺失P450酶的亚洲人种来说,药物更容易吸收,药效更好;能够用于治疗、改善和预防心血管疾病,具有良好的应用前景和重要的临床意义。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于医药领域,具体涉及一类亚硝基硫醇化合物及其合成方法、用途。
背景技术
血栓疾病是由血栓引起的血管腔狭窄和闭塞并导致主要脏器发生缺血和梗塞而引发机能障碍的各种疾病。导致血栓形成的因素有血小板在损伤血管壁表面上的粘附和聚集、血流淤滞、凝血因子的激活促使凝血酶的形成和纤溶活性低下。临床上用于血栓治疗的药物可分为3类:抗血小板药、抗凝血药和溶栓药。抗血小板药物兼具治疗和预防的作用,是抗血栓药物中的主要品类。抗血小板药物是指能抑制血小板的黏附、聚集和释放功能,阻止血栓的形成,用于防治心脑缺血性疾病、外周血栓栓塞性疾病的药物。目前将抗血小板药物分为三代:阿司匹林为第一代,噻氯吡啶为第二代(噻吩吡啶类,以二磷酸腺苷受体为靶点的一类抗血小板药物,目前临床上应用最为广泛的抗血小板聚集、抗血栓药物/非噻吩吡啶类),如氯吡格雷/普拉格雷,而血小板膜糖蛋Ilb/IIIa受体拮抗剂为第三代。作为第二代噻吩吡啶类衍生物,P2Y12-ADP受体拮抗剂氯吡格雷比噻氯吡啶有较好的安全性,阿司匹林与氯吡格雷是目前抗血小板治疗的标准组合,成为抗血栓药物治疗的金标准。但两药合用导致出血发生率增加。
由法国赛诺菲制药公司研制开发的氯吡格雷(Clopidogrel)是目前世界范围内应用最为广泛的抗血小板凝集药物。氯吡格雷是一个前体药物,需要在体内代谢为活性产物才能发挥作用。但是氯吡格雷口服后经吸收后在肝脏内迅速代谢,约85%通过酯酶水解为无活性羧酸衍生物,余下的大约15%在体内经过肝脏P450酶系的两步氧化,开环代谢产生一饱和环胺结构的活性代谢物与血小板表面P2Y12受体形成共价结合,通过拮抗P2Y12受体从而抑制血小板的凝集。且存在“氯吡格雷抵抗”问题,故更为有效的抗栓类药物仍为临床所需。
日本三共制药公司和美国礼来制药公司在氯吡格雷结构基础上开发出了新一代抗血小板药物普拉格雷(Prasugrel)。普拉格雷也是一个前体药物。从结构上看,普拉格雷同属经典的噻吩并吡啶类P2Y12受体拮抗剂,前有噻氯吡啶、氯吡格雷;噻氯吡啶作为早期的P2Y12受体拮抗剂,为该类结构的先行者,普拉格雷的诞生,在活性更强的基础上,进一步克服了氯吡格雷体内代谢的不足之处,为临床用药又增填了又一重要选择;但由于其出血风险相对较高,大大限制了其临床推广。
众所周知NO又称内皮舒张因子(EDRF),是一种活性很强的物质,化合物能够释放氮氧化物(NO)到有机体在许多情况下显示某类血管系统活性,例如血管舒张活性或抑制血小板聚集,这使它们能够潜在地用于治疗与循环系统功能障碍相关的不同病症。
本发明人在研究氯吡格雷和普拉格雷代谢活性体的过程中发现了一类新型含亚硝基硫醇衍生物,该类化合物相较氯吡格雷和普拉格雷具有更优异药代动力学特性和更强的抗血小板活性,预期此类化合物将会有好的疗效,具有良好的开发前景。
发明内容
发明要解决的问题
本发明的目的在于提供一种新型含亚硝基硫醇的氯吡格雷和普拉格雷活性代谢物,该结构化合物及组合物可以用于治疗动脉粥样硬化血栓形成及其相关并发症。
用于解决问题的方案
第一方面,本发明提供一种式I或式II所示的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐、水合物、溶剂化物、立体异构体、互变异构体、顺反异构体、同位素标记物或前药,
其中,R1、R1’分别独立地选自H、-COOR4、R2、R2’分别独立地选自氟、氯或溴;R3、R3’分别独立地选自H、C1-4烷基;R4为C1-4烷基。
在本发明的一种实施方式中,所述化合物具体包括如下结构:
在本发明的一种实施方式中,所述药学上可接受的盐为无机盐或有机盐,无机盐包括钠盐、钾盐、钙盐、镁盐、铁盐、盐酸盐、氢溴酸盐、氢碘酸盐、硫酸盐、硫酸氢盐、硝酸盐、磷酸盐、酸式磷酸盐;所述有机盐选自乙酸盐、三氟乙酸盐、丙酸盐、丙酮酸盐、羟乙酸盐、乙二酸盐、丙二酸盐、富马酸盐、马来酸盐、乳酸盐、苹果酸盐、柠檬酸盐、酒石酸盐、甲磺酸盐、以磺酸盐、苯磺酸盐、水杨酸盐。
第二方面,本发明还提供药物组合物,包括上述式(I)和(II)所示结构的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐、水合物、溶剂化物、立体异构体、互变异构体、顺反异构体、同位素标记物、前药。
在本发明的一种实施方式中,所述药物组合物中还包括:药学上可接受载体、赋形剂或稀释剂。
在本发明的一种实施方式中,药学上可接受载体选自微囊、微球、纳米粒和脂质体。
第三方面,本发明提供了上述式(I)和(II)所示结构的化合物或其药学可接受的盐、水合物、溶剂化物、立体异构体、互变异构体、顺反异构体、同位素标记物、前药在制备用于抗血小板聚集药物中的用途。
第四方面,本发明提供了上述式(I)和(II)所示结构的化合物或其药学可接受的盐、水合物、溶剂化物、立体异构体、互变异构体、顺反异构体、同位素标记物、前药在制备用于治疗血栓的药物中的用途。
第五方面,本发明提供了上述通式的化合物或其药学可接受的盐在制备用于预防或治疗动脉粥样硬化疾病、心肌梗死、中风、缺血性脑血栓、外周动脉疾病、急性冠脉综合症或冠脉介入手术后的血栓形成等血栓和栓塞相关疾病的药物中的用途。
在本发明的一种实施方式中,所述药物的剂型包括:注射液、注射用冻干粉针、混悬剂、植入剂、栓塞剂、胶囊剂、片剂、丸剂和口服液。
在本发明的一种实施方式中,所述药物的剂型为静脉注射剂。
在本发明的一种实施方式中,所述药物的剂型为用于口服给药的固体制剂,包括,但不限于胶囊剂、片剂、丸剂、散剂、颗粒剂等。在这些固体剂型中,本发明通式(I)和(II)化合物作为活性成分与至少一种常规惰性赋形剂(或载体)混合,例如与柠檬酸钠或磷酸二钙。或与下属成分混合:(1)填料或增溶剂,例如,淀粉、乳糖、蔗糖、葡萄糖、甘露醇和硅酸等;(2)粘合剂,例如,羟甲基纤维素、藻酸盐、明胶、聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮、蔗糖、阿拉伯胶等;(3)保湿剂,例如,甘油等;(4)崩解剂、例如琼脂、碳酸钙、马铃薯淀粉或木薯淀粉、藻酸、某些符合硅酸盐和碳酸钠等;(5)缓溶剂,例如石蜡等;(6)吸收加速剂,例如季铵化合物等;(7)润湿剂,例如鲸蜡醇和单硬脂酸甘油酯等;(8)吸附剂,例如,高岭土等;(9)润滑剂,例如,滑石、硬脂酸钙、固体聚乙二醇、十二烷基硫酸钠等,或其混合物。胶囊剂、片剂、丸剂中也可包含缓冲剂。
所述固体剂型例如片剂、糖丸、胶囊剂、丸剂和颗粒剂可采用包衣和壳材料如肠溶衣和其他本领域公知的材料晶型包衣或微囊化。他们可包含不透明剂,并且,这种组合物中活性成分的释放可以延迟的方式在消化道的某一部分中释放。可采用的包埋组分的实例是聚合物质和蜡类物质。必要时,活性成分也可与上述赋形剂中的一种或者多种形成微胶囊形式。
本发明化合物或其药学上可接受的盐的剂型为用于口服给药的液体剂型,包括,但不限于药学上可接受的乳液、溶液、悬浮液、糖浆、酊剂等。除了作为活性成分的通式(I)和(II)化合物或其药学上可接受的盐外,液体剂型可包含本领域中常规采用的惰性稀释剂,例如水和其他溶剂,增溶剂和乳化剂、例如,乙醇、异丙醇、碳酸乙酯、乙酸乙酯、丙二醇、1,3-丁二醇、二甲基甲酰胺以及油类,特别是棉籽油、花生油、玉米油、橄榄油、蓖麻油、芝麻油等或这些物质的混合物等。除了这些惰性稀释剂外,本发明液体剂型也可包括常规助剂,如润湿剂、乳化剂和悬浮剂、甜味剂、矫味剂和香料等。
所述悬浮剂包括,例如,乙氧基化十八烷醇、聚氧乙烯山梨醇、和脱水山梨醇、微晶纤维素、琼脂等或这些物质的混合物。
本发明化合物和其药学上可接受的盐的剂型为用于胃肠外注射的剂型,包括,但不限于生理上可接受的无菌含水或无水溶液、分散液、悬浮液或乳液,以及用于重新溶解成无菌的可注射溶液和分散液的无菌粉末。适宜的载体、稀释剂、溶剂、赋形剂包括水、乙醇、多元醇及其适宜的混合物。
本发明化合物或其药学上可接受的盐的剂型用于局部给药的剂型,包括如软膏剂、散剂、栓剂、滴剂、喷射剂和吸入剂等。作为活性成分的本发明通式(I)和(II)化合物或其药学上可接受的盐在无菌条件下和生理上可接受的载体及任选的防腐剂、缓冲剂,和必要时可能需要的推进剂一起混合。
本发明式的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐将以0.001-200mg/kg、特别是0.005-100mg/kg、特别是0.01-50mg/kg范围内的单位剂量向哺乳动物给予,并且这应该提供一个有效剂量。然而,每日剂量将必然取决于被治疗宿主、具体的给药途径、以及正在被治疗的疾病的严重性而变化。因此,可以由治疗任何具体患者的从业者决定最适剂量。
发明的效果
本发明相对于现有产品氯吡格雷和普拉格雷而言,优点主要表现在以下方面:
(1)其血小板聚集抑制率高;
(2)起效更快;
(3)对由于缺失P450酶的亚洲人种来说,药物更容易吸收,药效更好。
具有良好的应用前景和重要的临床意义。
具体实施方式
在进一步描述本发明之前,应当理解,本发明不限于本文中所述的特定实施方案;还应该理解,本文中所使用的术语仅用于描述而非限制特定实施方案。
[术语定义]
术语“药学上可接受的”是指盐、溶剂、辅料等一般无毒、安全,并且适合于患者使用。所述的“患者”优选哺乳动物,更优选人类。
术语“药学上可接受的盐”指的是本文所定义的药学上可接受的盐,并且具有母体化合物所有的作用。药学上可接受的盐可以通过在有机碱的合适的有机溶剂中加入相应的酸,根据常规方法处理来制备药学上可接受的盐。本发明中,“药学上可接受的盐”可以为无机盐或有机盐,无机盐包括盐酸盐、氢溴酸盐、氢碘酸盐、硫酸盐、硫酸氢盐、硝酸盐、磷酸盐、酸式磷酸盐等,有机盐包括乙酸盐、三氟乙酸盐、丙酸盐、丙酮酸盐、羟乙酸盐、乙二酸盐、丙二酸盐、富马酸盐、马来酸盐、乳酸盐、苹果酸盐、柠檬酸盐、酒石酸盐、甲磺酸盐、以磺酸盐、苯磺酸盐、水杨酸盐等。
术语“水合物”是指由本发明的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐与水通过非共价分子间作用力结合而形成的物质。常见的水合物包括(但不限于)半水合物、一水合物、二水合物、三水合物等。
术语“溶剂化物”是指由本发明的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐与至少一种溶剂分子通过非共价分子间作用力结合而形成的物质。术语“溶剂化物”包括“水合物”。常见的溶剂化物包括(但不限于)水合物、乙醇合物、丙酮合物等。应该理解的是,本发明涵盖拥有PRMT5抑制活性的所有溶剂化物形式。
术语“异构体”是指具有相同原子数和原子类型因而具有相同分子量,但原子的空间排列或构型不同的化合物。
术语“立体异构体”(或称“旋光异构体”)是指由于具有至少一个手性因素(包括手性中心、手性轴、手性面等)而导致具有垂直的不对称平面,从而能够使平面偏振光旋转的稳定异构体。由于本发明化合物中存在可能导致立体异构的不对称中心以及其他化学结构,因此本发明也包括这些立体异构体及其混合物。由于本发明的化合物及其盐包括不对称碳原子,因而能够以单一立体异构体形式、外消旋物、对映异构体和非对映异构体的混合物形式存在。通常,这些化合物能够以外消旋混合物的形式制备。然而,如果需要的话,可以将这类化合物制备或分离后得到纯的立体异构体,即单一对映异构体或非对映异构体,或者单一立体异构体富集化(纯度≥98%、≥95%、≥93%、≥90%、≥88%、≥85%或≥80%)的混合物。如下文中所述,化合物的单一立体异构体是由含有所需手性中心的旋光起始原料合成制备得到的,或者是通过制备得到对映异构体产物的混合物之后再分离或拆分制备得到的,例如转化为非对映异构体的混合物之后再进行分离或重结晶、色谱处理、使用手性拆分试剂,或者在手性色谱柱上将对映异构体进行直接分离。具有特定立体化学的起始化合物既可以商购得到,也可以按照下文中描述的方法制备再通过本领域熟知的方法拆分得到。术语“对映异构体”是指彼此具有不能重叠的镜像的一对立体异构体。术语“非对映异构体”或“非对映体”是指彼此不构成镜像的旋光异构体。术语“外消旋混合物”或“外消旋物”是指含有等份的单一对映异构体的混合物(即两种R和S对映体的等摩尔量混合物)。术语“非外消旋混合物”是指含有不等份的单一对映异构体的混合物。除非另外指出,本发明的化合物的所有立体异构体形式都在本发明的范围之内。
术语“互变异构体”(或称“互变异构形式”)是指具有不同能量的可通过低能垒互相转化的结构异构体。若互变异构是可能的(如在溶液中),则可以达到互变异构体的化学平衡。例如,质子互变异构体(或称质子转移互变异构体)包括(但不限于)通过质子迁移来进行的互相转化,如酮-烯醇异构化、亚胺-烯胺异构化、酰胺-亚胺醇异构化等。除非另外指出,本发明的化合物的所有互变异构体形式都在本发明的范围之内。
术语“顺反异构体”是指位于双键或环系两侧的原子(或基团)因相对于参考平面的位置不同而形成的立体异构体;在顺式异构体中原子(或基团)位于双键或环系的同侧,在反式异构体中原子(或基团)位于双键或环系的异侧。除非另外指出,本发明的化合物的所有顺反异构体形式都在本发明的范围之内。
术语“同位素标记物”是指将结构中的特定原子替换为其同位素原子而形成的化合物。除非另外指出,本发明的化合物中包括H、C、N、O、F、P、S、Cl的各种同位素,如2H(D)、3H(T)、13C、14C、15N、17O、18O、18F、31P、32P、35S、36S和37Cl。
术语“前药”是指在适用于患者后能够直接或间接地提供本发明的化合物的衍生化合物。特别优选的衍生化合物或前药是在施用于患者时可以提高本发明的化合物的生物利用度的化合物(例如,更易吸收入血),或者促进母体化合物向作用位点(例如,淋巴系统)递送的化合物。除非另外指出,本发明的化合物的所有前药形式都在本发明的范围之内,且各种前药形式是本领域熟知的。
术语“常温”或“室温”是指其温度可以为10-40℃,也可以为10-30℃,例如20℃或25℃。
下面将结合实施例对本发明的实施方案进行详细描述,但是本领域技术人员将会理解,下列实施例仅用于说明本发明,而不应视为限定本发明的范围。实施例中未注明具体条件者,按照常规条件或制造商建议的条件进行。所用试剂或仪器未注明生产厂商者,均为可以通过市购获得的常规产品。
实施例1:(E)-2-(1-(2-氯苄基)-4-(亚硝基)哌啶-3-亚基)乙酸(化合物1)
(E)-2-(4-氧代-1-三丁基哌啶-3-亚基)乙酸乙酯(中间体a-2)的制备
将1-三苯甲基-4-哌啶酮(10g,29.3mmol)溶于甲苯(100mL)中,加入四氢吡咯(3mL,35.2mmol),装有分水器下加热回流3小时,室温下加入乙醛酸乙酯(3.5mL,35.2mmol),然后加热回流2小时,反应结束后,降至室温,加水(100mL),乙酸乙酯萃取(100mL x 3),合并有机相,经饱和氯化钠洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥,减压浓缩,粗品经柱纯化得到中间体a-2。5g,淡黄色液体,收率:40.1%。ESI-MS m/z:426.3[M+H]+
(E)-2-(4-羟基-1-三丁基哌啶-3-亚基)乙酸乙酯(中间体a-3)的制备
将(E)-2-(4-氧代-1-三丁基哌啶-3-亚基)乙酸乙酯(中间体a-2)(5g,11.7mmol)溶于甲醇(50mL)中,冰浴下,分批加入硼氢化钠(486mg,12.8mmol),室温搅拌2小时,反应结束后,减压浓缩,加水(50mL),乙酸乙酯萃取(50mL x 3),合并有机相,经饱和氯化钠洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥,减压浓缩,粗品经柱纯化得到中间体a-3。4.5g,淡黄色液体,收率:90%。ESI-MS m/z:428.3[M+H]+
(E)-2-(4-羟基哌啶-3-亚基)乙酸乙酯4-甲基苯磺酸盐(中间体a-4)的制备
将(E)-2-(4-羟基-1-三丁基哌啶-3-亚基)乙酸乙酯(中间体a-3)(4.5g,10.5mmol)溶于四氢呋喃(50mL)中,加入对甲苯磺酸一水合物(2.4g,12.6mmol)。加热至50℃搅拌2小时,反应结束后,减压浓缩,加入甲苯(20mL),倾倒出上清液,残留物(3.5g)不经纯化,直接下一步。
(E)-2-(1-(2-氯苄基)-4-羟基哌啶-3-亚基)乙酸乙酯(中间体a-5)的制备
将上述(E)-2-(4-羟基哌啶-3-亚基)乙酸乙酯4-甲基苯磺酸盐(中间体a-4)(1g,2.8mmol)溶于乙腈(15mL)中,加入4-甲基苯磺酸2-氯苄基酯(994mg,3.36mmol)和碳酸钾(773mg,5.6mmol),加热至50℃搅拌16小时,反应结束后,过滤,滤液经柱纯化得到中间体a-5,650mg,淡黄色液体,收率:75%。ESI-MS m/z:310.1[M+H]+
(E)-2-(1-(2-氯苄基)-4-((甲基磺酰基)氧基)哌啶-3-亚基)乙酸乙酯(中间体a-6)的制备
将(E)-2-(1-(2-氯苄基)-4-羟基哌啶-3-亚基)乙酸乙酯(中间体a-5)(500mg,1.62mmol)溶于二氯甲烷(10mL)中,加入三乙胺(245mg,2.43mmol),冰浴下慢慢滴加MsCl(222mg,1.94mmol),然后室温搅拌2小时,反应结束后加水淬灭,二氯甲烷萃取(20mL x3),合并有机相,经饱和氯化钠洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥,减压浓缩得到中间体a-6,550mg,淡黄色液体,收率:87.8%。ESI-MS m/z:388.2[M+H]+
(E)-2-(1-(2-氯苄基)-4-巯基橙皮苷-3-亚基)乙酸乙酯(中间体a-7)的制备
将(E)-2-(1-(2-氯苄基)-4-((甲基磺酰基)氧基)哌啶-3-亚基)乙酸乙酯(中间体a-6)(500mg,1.29mmol)和硫氢化钠(72mg,1.29mmol)溶于DMF(10mL)中,加热至50℃反应16小时,反应结束后,加水,乙酸乙酯萃取(30mL x 3),合并有机相,经饱和氯化钠洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥,减压浓缩,粗品经柱纯化得到中间体a-7,385mg,淡黄色固体,收率:91.8%。ESI-MS m/z:326.2[M+H]+
(E)-2-(1-(2-氯苄基)-4-巯基哌啶-3-亚基)乙酸(中间体a-8)的制备
将(E)-2-(1-(2-氯苄基)-4-巯基橙皮苷-3-亚基)乙酸乙酯(中间体a-7)(100mg,0.31mmol)溶于MeOH(2mL)和水(0.5mL)中加入氢氧化锂(12mg,0.51mmol),反应液室温搅拌5小时,反应结束后,盐酸中和,减压浓缩,粗品经柱纯化分离得到化合物1,83mg,淡黄色固体,收率:91%。ESI-MS m/z:298.1[M+H]+
(E)-2-(1-(2-氯苄基)-4-(亚硝基)哌啶-3-亚基)乙酸(化合物1)的制备将甲醇(2mL)和稀盐酸(2mL)混合,冰浴下加入浓硫酸(0.2mL),然后分批加入(E)-2-(1-(2-氯苄基)-4-巯基橙皮苷-3-亚基)乙酸乙酯(中间体a-7)(80mg,0.27mmol),冰浴下加入亚硝酸钠(21mg,0.31mmol)的水(1mL)溶液,反应液避光室温搅拌1小时,反应结束后,过滤,固体水洗,得到化合物1,51mg,淡黄色固体,收率:58%。ESI-MS m/z:327.1[M+H]+
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ11.35(s,1H),7.61-7.54(m,1H),7.26-7.23(m,1H),7.22-7.16(m,3H),4.26-4.20(m,1H),3.52-3.44(m,1H),3.38-3.28(m,1H),3.12(ddd,J=3.7,3.2,0.6Hz,1H),3.04-2.96(m,1H),2.62-2.56(m,1H),2.40-2.33(m,1H),2.13-2.00(m,1H),1.91-1.81(m,1H).
实施例2:(Z)-2-(1-(2-氯苄基)-4-(亚硝基)哌啶-3-亚基)乙酸(化合物2)
具体的制备过程
将2.7g(E)-2-(4-巯基)-1-((s)-1-(2-氯苯基)_2_甲氧基-2-羰乙基哌啶-3-乙烯酸(a-6)溶于乙腈:水=1:1(V/V)(40ml)中,在25℃下,用32W低压汞灯照射反应2h,TLC显示反应完全。减压浓缩,加入乙酸乙酯(20mL),析出大量固体,过滤,滤饼用乙酸乙酯(10ml X3)洗涤,45℃减压干燥,得深黄色固体2.5g,收率91.0%。比旋度:[α]D 20=32.1。后续合成参照化合物1的合成,47mg,淡黄色固体。ESI-MS m/z:327.1[M+H]+
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ11.32(s,1H),δ7.90-7.82(m,1H),7.64-7.53(m,1H),7.26-7.11(m,3H),4.33-4.21(m,1H),3.75-3.60(m,1H),3.38-3.23(m,1H),3.18-3.03(m,2H),2.77-2.55(m,1H),2.42-2.24(m,1H),2.15-1.98(m,1H),1.89-1.69(m,1H).
实施例3-4:
(S,Z)-2-(1-(2-氯苄基)-4-(亚硝基)哌啶-3-亚基)乙酸(化合物3)和(R,Z)-2-(1-(2-氯苄基)-4-(亚硝基)哌啶-3-亚基)乙酸(化合物4)
a-8经SFC拆分,色谱柱:Daicel Chiralpak AD-H SFC(20mm I.D.*250mmL,5μm);流速:38mL/min,A(CO2):B(MeOH(0.1%NH3))=70:30,柱温:30℃,再经亚硝化得到化合物3,21mg,淡黄色固体,ESI-MS m/z:327.1[M+H]+,比旋度:[α]D20=-22.1°(c=l,乙醇);化合物4,20mg,淡黄色固体,ESI-MS m/z:327.1[M+H]+,比旋度:[α]D20=22.1°(c=l,乙醇)
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ11.32(s,1H),δ7.90-7.82(m,1H),7.64-7.53(m,1H),7.26-7.11(m,3H),4.33-4.21(m,1H),3.75-3.60(m,1H),3.38-3.23(m,1H),3.18-3.03(m,2H),2.77-2.55(m,1H),2.42-2.24(m,1H),2.15-1.98(m,1H),1.89-1.69(m,1H).
实施例5:(E)-2-(1-(2-氟苄基)-4-(亚硝基)哌啶-3-亚基)乙酸(化合物5)
合成方法参考化合物1的合成,其中4-甲基苯磺酸2-氯苄基酯代替为4-甲基苯磺酸2-氟苄基酯。42mg,淡黄色固体。ESI-MS m/z:311.1[M+H]+
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ11.27(s,1H),7.55-7.48(m,1H),7.32-7.25(m,1H),7.25-7.15(m,1H),7.09-7.03(m,1H),6.26-6.18(m,1H),3.92-3.87(m,1H),3.66-3.50(m,2H),3.12(ddd,J=8.4,8.0,0.8Hz,1H),2.86-2.79(m,1H),2.74-2.59(m,1H),2.40-2.16(m,1H),2.13-2.06(m,1H),1.84-1.58(m,1H).
实施例6:(Z)-2-(1-(2-氟苄基)-4-(亚硝基)哌啶-3-亚基)乙酸(化合物6)
合成方法参考化合物2的合成,其中化合物1代替为化合物5。56mg,淡黄色固体。ESI-MS m/z:311.1[M+H]+
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ11.27(s,1H),7.61-7.47(m,1H),7.31-7.15(m,2H),7.06(ddd,J=8.6,7.5,1.4Hz,1H),6.16-6.04(m,1H),3.91-3.76(m,1H),3.65(m,1H),3.58-3.42(m,1H),3.19-2.99(m,1H),2.97-2.90(m,1H),2.71-2.59(m,1H),2.43-2.30(m,1H),2.08-1.85(m,2H).
实施例7:(E)-2-(1-(1-(2-氯苯基)-2-甲氧基-2-氧乙基)-4-(亚硝基)哌啶-3-亚基)乙酸(化合物7)
合成方法参考化合物1的合成,其中4-甲基苯磺酸2-氯苄基酯代替为2-(2-氯苯基)-2-(甲苯氧基)乙酸甲酯,33mg,淡黄色固体。ESI-MS m/z:385.2[M+H]+
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ11.51(s,1H),7.66-7.59(m,1H),7.44-7.33(m,1H),7.29-7.16(m,2H),6.23(s,1H),4.85-4.70(m,1H),3.85(m,3H),3.72-3.66(m,1H),3.18-3.04(m,1H),2.79-2.73(m,1H),2.72-2.64(m,1H),2.46-2.31(m,1H),2.21-2.07(m,1H),1.94-1.75(m,1H).
实施例8:(Z)-2-(1-(1-(2-氯苯基)-2-甲氧基-2-氧乙基)-4-(亚硝基)哌啶-3-亚基)乙酸(化合物8)
合成方法参考化合物2的合成,其中化合物1代替为化合物7。90mg,淡黄色固体。ESI-MS m/z:385.2[M+H]+
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ11.51(s,1H),7.66-7.59(m,1H),7.34-7.20(m,3H),7.13(s,1H),4.75(s,1H),3.84-3.76(m,1H),3.72-3.67(m,3H),3.67-3.58(m,1H),3.12(q,J=9.2Hz,1H),2.74-2.66(m,1H),2.54-2.44(m,1H),2.36 -2.27(m,1H),2.22-2.06(m,1H).
实施例9:(Z)-2-(1-((S)-1-(2-氯苯基)-2-甲氧基-2-氧乙基)-4-(亚硝基)哌啶-3-亚基)乙酸(化合物9)
合成方法参考化合物7的合成,其中2-(2-氯苯基)-2-(甲苯氧基)乙酸甲酯代替为(S)-2-(2-氯苯基)-2-(甲苯氧基)乙酸甲酯。121mg,淡黄色固体。ESI-MS m/z:385.1[M+H]+
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ11.52(s,1H),7.66-7.59(m,1H),7.34-7.20(m,3H),7.13(s,1H),4.75(s,1H),3.84-3.76(m,1H),3.72-3.67(m,3H),3.67-3.58(m,1H),3.12(q,J=9.2Hz,1H),2.74-2.66(m,1H),2.54-2.44(m,1H),2.36 -2.27(m,1H),2.22-2.06(m,1H).
实施例10:((Z)-2-(((R)-1-((S)-1-(2-氯苯基)-2-甲氧基-2-氧乙基)-4-(亚硝基)哌啶-3-亚基)乙酸(化合物10)和实施例11:((Z)-2-(((S)-1-((S)-1-(2-氯苯基)-2-甲氧基-2-氧乙基)-4-(亚硝基)哌啶-3-亚基)乙酸(化合物11)
化合物9经SFC拆分,色谱柱:Daicel Chiralpak AD-H SFC(20mm I.D.*250mmL,5μm);流速:38mL/min,A(CO2):B(MeOH(0.1%NH3))=70:30,柱温:30℃,得到化合物10,12mg,淡黄色固体,ESI-MS m/z:385.1[M+H]+,比旋度:[α]D20=12.1°(c=l,乙醇);化合物11,20mg,淡黄色固体,ESI-MS m/z:385.1[M+H]+,比旋度:[α]D20=-12.1°(c=l,乙醇)。
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ11.52(s,1H),7.66-7.59(m,1H),7.34-7.20(m,3H),7.13(s,1H),4.75(s,1H),3.84-3.76(m,1H),3.72-3.67(m,3H),3.67-3.58(m,1H),3.12(q,J=9.2Hz,1H),2.74-2.66(m,1H),2.54-2.44(m,1H),2.36 -2.27(m,1H),2.22-2.06(m,1H).
利用相应的中间体代替化合物1-10合成原料,按照与化合物1-10相似的操作合成化合物12-23(参见表1),从而得到期望的产物。
表1
实施例24:(2S)-2-(2-氯苯基)-2-((Z)-3-(2-甲氧基-2-氧代亚乙基)-4-(亚硝基)哌啶-1-基)乙酸甲酯(化合物24)
将(Z)-2-(1-((S)-1-(2-氯苯基)-2-甲氧基-2-氧乙基)-4-(亚硝基)哌啶-3-亚基)乙酸(化合物10)(100mg,0.26mmol)溶于DMF(2mL)中,加入碳酸氢钠(22mg,0.26mmol),冰浴下滴加碘甲烷(37mg,0.26mmol)的DMF(0.3mL),室温搅拌2小时,反应结束后,加水,乙酸乙酯萃取(30mL x 3),合并有机相,经饱和氯化钠洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥,减压浓缩,粗品经柱纯化得到化合物24,52mg,淡黄色固体,收率:50.2%。ESI-MS m/z:399.1[M+H]+.1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ11.16(s,1H),7.34-7.19(m,3H),6.03-5.99(m,1H),4.74(s,1H),3.85(s,3H),3.84-3.79(m,1H),3.75(s,3H),3.12(ddd,J=3.7,3.2,0.6Hz,1H),3.03-2.97(m,1H),2.69-2.64(m,1H),2.45-2.38(m,1H),2.30-2.24(m,1H),2.08-1.94(m,1H).
实施例25:2-(1-(2-氯苄基)-4-(亚硝基)-1,2,5,6-四氢吡啶-3-基)乙酸(化合物25)
5-(2-氯苄基)-2,4,5,6,7,7a-六氢噻吩[3,2-c]吡啶(中间体c-2)的制备
将4,5,6,7-四氢噻吩并[3,2-c]吡啶(2g,14.2mmol)溶于四氢呋喃(30mL)中,加入的碳酸钠(3g,28.4mmol)和邻氯溴苄(3.5g,17.0mmol),室温反应4h,反应结束后,反应结束后,加水,乙酸乙酯萃取(50mL x 3),合并有机相,经饱和氯化钠洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥,减压浓缩,粗品经柱纯化得到中间体c-2,3g,白色固体,收率:80%。ESI-MS m/z:266.1[M+H]+
5-(2-氯苄基)-5,6,7,7-四氢噻吩并[3,2-c]吡啶-2(4H)-酮(中间体c-3)的制备
将5-(2-氯苄基)-2,4,5,6,7,7a-六氢噻吩[3,2-c]吡啶(中间体c-2)(1.5g,5.66mmol),溶于无水四氢呋喃(30mL)中,在-5℃下慢慢滴加正丁基锂(2.7mL,6.8mmol,2.5M),滴加完后,降低温度至-10℃搅拌1h,然后滴加硼酸三丁酯(1.56g,6.8mmol)的四氢呋喃(10ml)溶液,然后反应1h,降温至-15℃,慢慢滴加30%双氧水(1.1mL,10.2mmol),升温至30℃,然后继续反应5h。反应结束后,加水,乙酸乙酯萃取(50mL x 3),合并有机相,经饱和氯化钠洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥,减压浓缩,粗品经柱纯化得到中间体c-3,1.1g,黄色固体,收率:70%。ESI-MS m/z:280.1[M+H]+
2-(1-(2-氯苄基)-4-巯基-1,2,6,6-四氢吡啶-3-基)乙酸甲酯(中间体c-4)的制备
将5-(2-氯苄基)-5,6,7,7-四氢噻吩并[3,2-c]吡啶-2(4H)-酮(中间体c-3)(1g,3.58mmol)溶于甲醇(15mL)中,加入碳酸钾(4.9g,35.8mmol),氮气氛围下,室温搅拌16小时,反应结束后,过滤,滤液用稀盐酸中和,加水,乙酸乙酯萃取(50mL x 3),合并有机相,经饱和氯化钠洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥,减压浓缩,粗品经柱纯化得到中间体c-4,0.65g,淡黄色油状物,收率:58.5%。ESI-MS m/z:312.1[M+H]+
2-(1-(2-氯苄基)-4-巯基-1,2,6,6-四氢吡啶-3-基)乙酸(中间体c-5)的制备
将2-(1-(2-氯苄基)-4-巯基-1,2,6,6-四氢吡啶-3-基)乙酸甲酯(中间体c-4)(150mg,0.48mmol)溶于MeOH(5mL)和水(1mL)中加入氢氧化锂(32mg,1.32mmol),反应液室温搅拌5小时,反应结束后,盐酸中和,减压浓缩,粗品经反相制备分离得到中间体c-5,100mg,淡黄色固体,收率:70%。ESI-MS m/z:298.1[M+H]+
2-(1-(2-氯苄基)-4-(亚硝基)-1,2,5,6-四氢吡啶-3-基)乙酸(化合物25)的制备
将甲醇(2mL)和稀盐酸(2mL)混合,冰浴下加入浓硫酸(0.2mL),然后分批加入2-(1-(2-氯苄基)-4-巯基-1,2,6,6-四氢吡啶-3-基)乙酸(中间体c-5)(80mg,0.27mmol),冰浴下加入亚硝酸钠(21mg,0.31mmol)的水(1mL)溶液,反应液避光室温搅拌1小时,反应结束后,过滤,固体水洗,得到化合物25,37mg,淡黄色固体,收率:42%。ESI-MS m/z:327.1[M+H]+
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ11.17(s,1H),7.60(ddd,J=6.0,3.5,1.8Hz,1H),7.25-7.17(m,3H),4.16(s,1H),3.59(s,1H),3.38-3.30(m,2H),3.28-3.20(m,1H),2.95-2.88(m,1H),2.81(t,J=6.5Hz,1H),2.53(d,J=6.9Hz,1H),2.45(dd,J=6.6,6.2Hz,2H).
实施例26:2-(1-(2-氟苄基)-4-(亚硝基)-1,2,5,6-四氢吡啶-3-基)乙酸(化合物26)
合成方法参考化合物25的合成,其中邻氯溴苄代替为邻氟溴苄,73.5mg,淡黄色固体。ESI-MS m/z:311.1[M+H]+
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ12.07(s,1H),7.54-7.47(m,1H),7.29-7.24(m,1H),7.24-7.19(m,1H),7.07(ddd,J=8.5,7.4,1.4Hz,1H),3.94-3.90(m,1H),3.67-3.64(m,1H),3.51-3.48(m,1H),3.42-3.38(m,2H),3.37-3.33(m,1H),2.79(q,J=5.7Hz,1H),2.55(q,J=5.6Hz,1H),2.44(q,J=5.5Hz,2H).
利用相应的中间体代替化合物25合成原料,按照与化合物25相似的操作合成化合物27-30(参见表2),从而得到期望的产物。
表2
为了说明本发明的有益效果,本发明提供以下试验例。
试验例1:
抗血小板聚集活性试验
药品及制剂:阳性药为氯吡格雷和普拉格雷,受试化合物为本发明实施例化合物。
动物:雄性SD大鼠,体重250g左右。
方法:参考BORN比浊法,对本发明化合物进行抗血小板聚集的药理活性试验。向富含血小板的血浆(PRP)中加入促凝聚物二磷酸腺苷(ADP)搅拌,使血小板聚集。血小板的聚集引起光密度的变化,可通过分光光度计检测。此实验可以评价受试化合物在体内或体外给药引起的血小板聚集作用。
雄性SD大鼠,经口服给与氯吡格雷(10mg/kg)、普拉格雷(10mg/kg),经静脉注射给予受试药物(氯吡格雷、普拉格雷以及本发明化合物,1mg/kg),空白对照组经静脉注射给予同体积的生理盐水。2h后,眼眶取血,3.8%枸橡酸钠抗凝,全血与抗凝剂之比为9:1,1000rpm离心7min,制备富血小板血浆(PRD)。以贫血小板血浆(PPP)调PRI,使血小板计数保持在2x106个/mL。取PRI加入测试杯中,37℃孵育10分钟,以PRI调零,PPP调100%,以ADP(终浓度为5uM)为诱导剂,按比浊法用血小板聚集仪测定血小板聚集百分数,以t-检验进行统计学比较,血小板聚集抑制率(%)=[1-(给药管聚集百分率/对照管聚集百分率)]X100%.
表3本发明的实施例化合物血小板聚集抑制率(%)
试验例2:
大鼠中的药代动力学试验
药品及制剂:阳性药为氯吡格雷和普拉格雷,受试化合物为实施例化合物。
动物:雄性SD大鼠,体重250g左右。
向禁食状态下的大鼠静脉施用测试化合物(氯吡格雷、普拉格雷和本发明实施例化合物)。经由颈静脉在5分钟、10分钟、20钟、30分钟、60分钟和120分钟时间点,使用EDTAK2(抗凝剂)、3'甲氧基苯甲酰甲基溴(MPBr,衍生化试剂)和苯基甲基磺酰氟(PMSF,稳定剂)收集血液样品。随后通过在2~8℃下以1500g离心10分钟收集血浆样品,并在分离之后储存于80℃下。在提取之后将血浆样品装载到LC MS/MS仪器以测定硫醇活性代谢物的浓度。表4显示大鼠血浆中的达峰时间和浓度结果。如表4所示,在10mg/kg的剂量水平下,与在施用之后约30分钟时达到硫醇活性代谢物峰值浓度的氯吡格雷或普拉格雷相比,本发明实施例化合物在施用之后小于15分钟内达到峰值浓度。
表4本发明的实施例化合物硫醇活性代谢产物达峰时间
此外,实施例化合物的硫醇活性代谢物的峰值浓度显著高于氯吡格雷或普拉格雷。实施例化合物1-30的硫醇活性代谢物峰值浓度均高于5000ng/mL,氯吡格雷硫醇活性代谢物峰值浓度为58ng/mL,普拉格雷硫醇活性代谢物浓度为94ng/mL。
这些结果表明,实施例化合物提供更快并且更有效的活性代谢物释放。
相较于氯吡格雷,相较于氯吡格雷或普拉格雷,发明所提供的实施例化合物显示出更快并且更有效的活性代谢物释放效果。
对于通式(I),(II)类的化合物而言,连接基团和取代基团对于化合物的药效学性能有着重要的影响。尽管本发明通过之前的特定实施例说明,但不应将其解释为受此限制;而是本发明涵盖之前公开的一般方面。可在不背离本发明的精神和范围下进行多种修饰并具有多种实施方案。
以上所提供的实施例并非用以限制本发明所涵盖的范围,所描述的步骤也不是用以限制其执行顺序。本领域技术人员结合现有公知常识对本发明做显而易见的改进,亦落入本发明权利要求书所界定的保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
1.一种式I或式II所示结构的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐、水合物、溶剂化物、立体异构体、互变异构体、顺反异构体、同位素标记物或前药,
其中,R1、R1’分别独立地选自H、-COOR4、R2、R2’分别独立地选自氟、氯或溴;R3、R3’分别独立地选自H、C1-4烷基;R4为C1-4烷基。
2.根据权利要求1所述的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐、水合物、溶剂化物、立体异构体、互变异构体、顺反异构体、同位素标记物或前药,其特征在于,所述药学上可接受的盐为无机盐或有机盐,无机盐包括钠盐、钾盐、钙盐、镁盐、铁盐、盐酸盐、氢溴酸盐、氢碘酸盐、硫酸盐、硫酸氢盐、硝酸盐、磷酸盐、酸式磷酸盐;所述有机盐选自乙酸盐、三氟乙酸盐、丙酸盐、丙酮酸盐、羟乙酸盐、乙二酸盐、丙二酸盐、富马酸盐、马来酸盐、乳酸盐、苹果酸盐、柠檬酸盐、酒石酸盐、甲磺酸盐、以磺酸盐、苯磺酸盐、水杨酸盐。
3.一种药物组合物,其特征在于,包括权利要求1所述的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐、水合物、溶剂化物、立体异构体、互变异构体、顺反异构体、同位素标记物、前药。
4.根据权利要求3所述的药物组合物,其特征在于,所述药物组合物中还包括:药学上可接受载体。
5.根据权利要求4所述的药物组合物,其特征在于,药学上可接受载体选自微囊、微球、纳米粒和脂质体。
6.根据权利要求3所述的药物组合物,其特征在于,所述药物组合物中还包括:赋形剂或稀释剂。
7.一种抗血小板聚集药物,其特征在于,包含权利要求1所述的化合物或其药学可接受的盐、水合物、溶剂化物、立体异构体、互变异构体、顺反异构体、同位素标记物、前药。
8.根据权利要求7所述的药物,其特征在于,所述药物的剂型包括:注射液、注射用冻干粉针、混悬剂、植入剂、栓塞剂、胶囊剂、片剂、丸剂和口服液。
9.权利要求1所述的化合物或其药学可接受的盐、水合物、溶剂化物、立体异构体、互变异构体、顺反异构体、同位素标记物、前药在制备用于治疗血栓的药物中的用途。
10.权利要求1所述的化合物或其药学可接受的盐、水合物、溶剂化物、立体异构体、互变异构体、顺反异构体、同位素标记物或前药在制备用于预防或治疗动脉粥样硬化疾病、心肌梗死、中风、缺血性脑血栓、外周动脉疾病、急性冠脉综合症或冠脉介入手术后的血栓形成的药物中的用途。
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