CN116918146A - 圆筒形电池 - Google Patents
圆筒形电池 Download PDFInfo
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- CN116918146A CN116918146A CN202280016762.3A CN202280016762A CN116918146A CN 116918146 A CN116918146 A CN 116918146A CN 202280016762 A CN202280016762 A CN 202280016762A CN 116918146 A CN116918146 A CN 116918146A
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Classifications
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- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
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- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
- H01M50/183—Sealing members
- H01M50/186—Sealing members characterised by the disposition of the sealing members
- H01M50/188—Sealing members characterised by the disposition of the sealing members the sealing members being arranged between the lid and terminal
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/058—Construction or manufacture
- H01M10/0587—Construction or manufacture of accumulators having only wound construction elements, i.e. wound positive electrodes, wound negative electrodes and wound separators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
- H01M50/147—Lids or covers
- H01M50/166—Lids or covers characterised by the methods of assembling casings with lids
- H01M50/167—Lids or covers characterised by the methods of assembling casings with lids by crimping
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
- H01M50/147—Lids or covers
- H01M50/166—Lids or covers characterised by the methods of assembling casings with lids
- H01M50/171—Lids or covers characterised by the methods of assembling casings with lids using adhesives or sealing agents
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
- H01M50/183—Sealing members
- H01M50/186—Sealing members characterised by the disposition of the sealing members
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
- H01M50/147—Lids or covers
- H01M50/148—Lids or covers characterised by their shape
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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Abstract
提供一种抑制了密闭性降低的圆筒形电池。作为本公开的一个方式的圆筒形电池(10)具备有底圆筒形状的外装体(15)、收纳于外装体(15)的电极体(14)和非水电解质、以及经由衬垫(27)对外装体(15)的开口部进行密封的圆形封口体(16),封口体(16)在圆筒形电池(10)的外侧具有抵接到衬垫(27)的前端的突起部(28)。
Description
技术领域
本公开涉及圆筒形电池。
背景技术
圆筒形电池通过在收纳电极体和非水电解质的有底圆筒形状的外装体的开口部经由衬垫将封口体凿紧固定,从而将内部密闭。在专利文献1中公开了使外装体的开口部的前端咬入到衬垫中的圆筒形电池。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1:日本特开2000-306557号公报
发明内容
发明要解决的课题
近年来,二次电池等圆筒形电池的用途正在扩大,即使在室外等严酷的使用环境下也要求耐久性。本发明的发明者们进行了深入研究,结果明确了:根据使用环境,有时衬垫向圆筒形电池的径向内侧蠕变变形,在外装体与衬垫之间产生间隙,电池的密闭性降低。专利文献1中记载的技术没有对衬垫的变形进行研究,关于电池的密闭性尚有改良的余地。
本公开的目的在于提供抑制了密闭性降低的圆筒形电池。
用于解决课题的手段
作为本公开的一个方式的圆筒形电池的特征在于,其具备有底圆筒形状的外装体、收纳于外装体的电极体和非水电解质、以及经由衬垫对外装体的开口部进行密封的圆形封口体,封口体在圆筒形电池的外侧具有抵接到衬垫的前端的突起部。
发明效果
根据本公开的一个方式,能够抑制圆筒形电池的密闭性降低。
附图说明
图1是作为实施方式的一个例子的圆筒形电池的纵向截面图。
图2是在作为实施方式的一个例子的圆筒形电池中将保存规定期间后的外装体的开口部附近放大的图。
图3A是实施方式的一个例子中的封口体的俯视图。
图3B是图3A的A-A线处的截面图。
图4是实施方式的另一个例子中的与图3A对应的图。
图5是现有技术的圆筒形电池中的与图2对应的图。
具体实施方式
以下,参照附图对本公开的圆筒形电池的实施方式的一个例子进行详细说明。在以下的说明中,具体的形状、材料、数值、方向等是用于容易理解本发明的例示,可以根据圆筒形电池的规格适当变更。另外,在以下的说明中,在包含多个实施方式、变形例的情况下,从最初就设想将它们的特征部分适当地组合使用。
图1是作为实施方式的一个例子的圆筒形电池10的纵向截面图。图1所示的圆筒形电池10中,电极体14和非水电解质(未图示)收纳于外装体15。需要说明的是,以下,为了便于说明,将封口体16侧作为“上”、将外装体15的底部侧作为“下”进行说明。
电极体14具有正极11和负极12隔着间隔件13卷绕而成的卷绕型的结构。正极11具有带状的正极集电体和形成于正极集电体的两面的正极合剂层。作为正极集电体,例如可以使用铝等金属的箔、将该金属配置在表层的膜等。
正极合剂层例如通过将包含正极活性物质、导电剂、粘结剂和N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮(NMP)等溶剂的正极合剂浆料涂布于正极集电体的两面后,进行干燥和压延来制作。作为正极活性物质,可例示含有Co、Mn、Ni等过渡金属元素的锂过渡金属复合氧化物。作为导电剂的例子,可举出炭黑(CB)、乙炔黑(AB)、科琴黑、石墨等碳材料等。作为粘结剂的例子,可举出聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)、聚偏氟乙烯(PVdF)等氟系树脂、聚丙烯腈(PAN)、聚酰亚胺(PI)、丙烯酸系树脂、聚烯烃系树脂等。
负极12具有带状的负极集电体和形成于负极集电体的两面的负极合剂层。作为负极集电体,例如可以使用铜等金属的箔、将该金属配置在表层的膜等。
负极合剂层例如通过将包含负极活性物质、粘结剂和水等的负极合剂浆料涂布于负极集电体的两面后,进行干燥和压延来制作。作为负极活性物质,可以例示天然石墨、人造石墨、易石墨化碳(软碳)、难石墨化碳(硬碳)等碳材料、Si、Sn等与锂合金化的金属、或包含它们的合金、氧化物。作为粘结剂的例子,可举出苯乙烯-丁二烯橡胶(SBR)、CMC或其盐、聚丙烯酸或其盐、聚乙烯醇等等。
作为间隔件13,可以使用具有离子透过性和绝缘性的多孔性片。作为多孔性片的具体例,可举出微多孔薄膜、机织布、无纺布等。作为间隔件的材质,优选聚乙烯、聚丙烯等烯烃树脂。
作为收纳于外装体15中的非水电解质的非水溶剂(有机溶剂),可以使用碳酸酯类、内酯类、醚类、酮类、酯类等,这些溶剂可以混合使用2种以上。在混合使用2种以上的溶剂的情况下,优选使用包含环形状碳酸酯和链状碳酸酯的混合溶剂。例如,作为环形状碳酸酯,可以使用碳酸亚乙酯(EC)、碳酸亚丙酯(PC)、碳酸亚丁酯(BC)等,作为链状碳酸酯,可以使用碳酸二甲酯(DMC)、碳酸甲乙酯(EMC)和碳酸二乙酯(DEC)等。作为非水电解质的电解质盐,可以使用LiPF6、LiBF4、LiCF3 SO3等和它们的混合物。电解质盐相对于非水溶剂的溶解量例如可以设为0.5~2.0mol/L。
外装体15的开口部经由衬垫27被封口体16密封,由此圆筒形电池10的内部被密闭。在电极体14的上下分别设置绝缘板17、18。正极引线19通过绝缘板17的贯通孔向上方延伸,焊接到封口体16的底板即过滤器22的下表面。在圆筒形电池10中,与过滤器22电连接的封口体16的顶板即盖26成为正极端子。另一方面,负极引线20通过绝缘板18的贯通孔向外装体15的底部侧延伸,焊接到外装体15的底部内表面。在圆筒形电池10中,外装体15成为负极端子。
外装体15为有底圆筒形状,优选为金属制。外装体15例如具有从外侧对侧面部进行压制而形成的入槽部21。入槽部21优选沿着外装体15的周向形成为环状。封口体16经由衬垫27固定于入槽部21与向内侧折弯的外装体15的开口端部之间。衬垫27是挠性的绝缘构件,将作为正极端子的封口体16和作为负极端子的外装体15电隔离,并且在上下方向上受到压缩,由此确保圆筒形电池10的内部的密闭性。衬垫27的材质只要是能够压缩的绝缘材料就没有特别限定,例如可以使用聚丙烯(PP)、聚苯硫醚(PPS)、聚乙烯(PE)、聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(PBT)、全氟烷氧基烷烃(PFA)、聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)、聚酰胺(PA)等。
封口体16为圆形状,具有从电极体14侧起依次层叠的过滤器22、下阀体23、绝缘构件24、上阀体25和盖26。构成封口体16的各构件例如具有圆板形状或环形状,除了绝缘构件24以外的各构件相互电连接。下阀体23与上阀体25在各自的中央部相互连接,在各自的周缘部之间夹设有绝缘构件24。如果电池的内压因异常发热而上升,则例如下阀体23断裂,由此,上阀体25向盖26侧膨胀而从下阀体23分离,由此,两者的电连接被阻断。如果内压进一步上升,则上阀体25断裂,气体从盖26的开口孔26a排出。另外,如后所述,盖26在上表面具有抵接到衬垫27的前端的突起部28。换言之,封口体16在圆筒形电池10的外侧具有抵接到衬垫27的前端的突起部28。
接下来,参照图2和图5对作为实施方式的一个例子的圆筒形电池10与以往的圆筒形电池50的不同点进行说明。图2是在作为实施方式的一个例子的圆筒形电池10中将保存规定期间后的外装体15的开口部附近放大的图。此外,图6是现有技术的圆筒形电池50中的与图2对应的图。
在图5的现有技术的圆筒形电池50中,保存了规定期间导致衬垫67向圆筒形电池10的径向内侧蠕变变形,在外装体55与衬垫67之间产生间隙。在外装体55与衬垫67之间产生间隙导致圆筒形电池10的密闭性降低。作为在外装体55与衬垫67之间产生的间隙,例如可举出在外装体55的前端与衬垫67之间产生的间隙g1、在外装体55的弯曲部的内侧在外装体55与衬垫67之间产生的间隙g2。
另一方面,在作为图2的实施方式的一个例子的圆筒形电池10中,衬垫27的前端抵接到突起部28,突起部28抑制衬垫27的蠕变变形。由此,外装体15与衬垫27之间的间隙的产生受到抑制,能够抑制圆筒形电池10的密闭性降低。突起部28的截面形状只要能够抑制衬垫27的移动就没有特别限定,例如,如图2所示,可以为矩形形状。突起部28的高度和宽度只要能够抑制衬垫27的移动就没有特别限定,突起部28的高度例如可以为0.1mm~1mm,突起部28的宽度例如可以为0.1mm~1mm。突起部28的宽度可以为突起部28的高度的0.3倍~1倍。另外,突起部28的高度可以为衬垫27的厚度的0.5倍~2倍。突起部28的材质没有特别限定,优选为与盖26相同的材质。由此,能够与盖26一体成形。需要说明的是,突起部28也可以粘接于盖26。
接下来,参照图3A、图3B和图4对突起部28进行说明。图3A是实施方式的一个例子中的封口体的俯视图,图3B是图3A的A-A线处的截面图。另外,图4是实施方式的另一个例子中的与图3A对应的图。
如图3A和图3B所示,突起部28与封口体16(盖26)的外周圆呈同心圆状地连续地设置。另外,如图4所示,突起部28也可以与封口体16(盖26)的外周圆呈同心圆状地断续地设置。
在突起部28断续地配置的情况下,突起部28的个数、配置位置没有特别限定。从圆筒形电池10的密闭性的观点出发,相对于将相邻的突起部28彼此相连而形成的圆的整周的长度,突起部28的长度的合计优选为30%以上,更优选为45%以上。另外,从圆筒形电池10的密闭性的观点出发,突起部28优选与封口体16(盖26)的外周圆呈同心圆状地均等地配置。
实施例
以下,通过实施例进一步说明本公开,但本公开并不限定于这些实施例。
<实施例1>
[正极的制作]
作为正极活性物质,使用LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2所示的锂过渡金属复合氧化物。将该正极活性物质100质量份、作为导电剂的乙炔黑(AB)2.5质量份、作为粘结剂的聚偏氟乙烯(PVdF)1.7质量份混合,进一步加入适量的N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮(NMP),制备正极合剂浆料。接下来,将该正极合剂浆料涂布于由铝箔形成的正极集电体的两面,用干燥机使其干燥后,切成规定的电极尺寸,使用辊进行压延,得到了带状的正极。另外,在正极的长度方向的一端部形成未形成活性物质的空白部,在该空白部通过超声波焊接来固定Al制的正极引线。
[负极的制作]
作为负极活性物质,使用易石墨化碳。将该负极活性物质100质量份、作为粘结剂的苯乙烯-丁二烯橡胶(SBR)0.6质量份、作为增粘剂的羧甲基纤维素(CMC)1质量份混合,进一步加入适量的水,制备了负极合剂浆料。接下来,将该负极合剂浆料涂布于由铜箔形成的负极集电体的两面,用干燥机使其干燥后,切成规定的电极尺寸,使用辊进行压延,得到了带状的正极。另外,在负极的长度方向的一端部形成未形成活性物质的空白部,在该空白部通过超声波焊接来固定由Ni-Cu-Ni复合材料形成的负极引线。
[封口体的准备]
准备依次层叠有过滤器、下阀体、绝缘构件、上阀体和盖的封口体。盖的外径设为φ17mm。在盖的上表面,将宽度0.2mm、高度0.4mm的突起部在距离盖的外周圆1.5mm的内侧与盖的外周圆呈同心圆状地配置。
[非水电解质的制备]
在将碳酸亚乙酯(EC)、碳酸甲乙酯(EMC)和碳酸二乙酯(DEC)按照以体积比计成为EC∶EMC∶DMC=3∶3∶4的方式混合而成的混合溶剂中以成为1.0摩尔/L的方式添加LiPF6,制备了非水电解质。
[圆筒形电池的制作]
将正极和负极隔着聚烯烃系树脂制的间隔件卷绕成螺旋状,从而制作卷绕型的电极体。将该电极体以在下方插入了绝缘板的状态收纳于有底圆筒形状的金属制的外装体中,将负极引线焊接于外装体的底部。在电极体之上插入绝缘板后,通过压制而在外装体的开口部形成入槽部,向外装体的内部注入非水电解质。将衬垫收纳于入槽部的上部,将封口体焊接于正极引线后,经由衬垫将外装体的开口部封口以凿紧封口体,制作圆筒形电池。
<实施例2>
在封口体的准备中,使用在距外周圆1.5mm内侧断续地配置有长度5mm的突起部的盖,除此以外,与实施例1同样地操作,制作电池。需要说明的是,实施例2中使用的盖与图4所示的盖相同,突起部与盖的外周圆呈同心圆状地均等地配置。相对于将相邻的突起部彼此连接而形成的圆的整周的长度,突起部的长度的合计为45%。
<比较例>
在封口体的准备中,使用未设置突起部的盖,除此以外,与实施例1同样地操作,制作电池。
[外装体与衬垫之间的间隙量的评价]
对于实施例和比较例的电池,将在-40℃下保持30分钟后在80℃下保持30分钟的工序作为1个循环,进行40个循环的热冲击试验。从热冲击试验后的电池中,切出从入槽部往上的凿紧部分,包埋于环氧树脂后,进行切断、研磨,能够观察到图2所示那样的截面。然后,使用光学显微镜测定外装体的前端与衬垫之间的间隙(g1)和外装体的弯曲部的内侧与衬垫之间的间隙(g2)各自的最大值。将g1和g2各自的最大值的平均值作为间隙量。
将实施例和比较例的评价结果示于表1。另外,在表1中,也一并示出突起部的配置方法、高度和宽度。
[表1]
在实施例1和2中,与比较例相比,能够抑制热冲击试验中的间隙的产生。据推测这是因为通过突起部能够抑制衬垫的蠕变变形。
附图标记说明
10:圆筒形电池,11:正极,12:负极,13:间隔件,14:电极体,15:外装体,16:封口体,17、18:绝缘板,19:正极引线,20:负极引线,21:入槽部,22:过滤器,23:下阀体,24:绝缘构件,25:上阀体,26:盖,26a:开口孔,27:衬垫,28:突起部
Claims (2)
1.一种圆筒形电池,其具备有底圆筒形状的外装体、收纳于所述外装体的电极体和非水电解质、以及经由衬垫对所述外装体的开口部进行密封的圆形封口体,
所述封口体在所述圆筒形电池的外侧具有抵接到所述衬垫的前端的突起部。
2.根据权利要求1所述的圆筒形电池,其中,所述突起部与所述封口体的外周圆呈同心圆状地连续或断续地设置。
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