CN116868959A - Rag2基因编辑免疫缺陷模型犬的建立方法 - Google Patents
Rag2基因编辑免疫缺陷模型犬的建立方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN116868959A CN116868959A CN202310686998.4A CN202310686998A CN116868959A CN 116868959 A CN116868959 A CN 116868959A CN 202310686998 A CN202310686998 A CN 202310686998A CN 116868959 A CN116868959 A CN 116868959A
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Abstract
本发明涉及Rag2基因编辑免疫缺陷模型犬的建立方法,该方法包括利用基因编辑技术获得Rag2基因表达降低或缺失的犬受精卵或犬体细胞。采用本发明的方法获得了可遗传且表型稳定的Rag2基因编辑免疫缺陷犬模型,该模型在未来肿瘤模型开发、免疫疾相关药物效果评估等领域具有相当可观的应用前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于基因工程领域,具体涉及利用基因编辑技术建立Rag2基因编辑免疫缺陷模型犬的方法。
背景技术
Omenn综合征(OS)是一种罕见的免疫缺陷疾病,属于严重联合免疫缺陷病(severecombined immune deficiency,SCID)的一种。主要由于Rag1或Rag2基因突变使部分V(D)J重组过程发生异常导致疾病的发生,其特征为严重的早发性红皮病、肠道炎症、活化T细胞的大量组织浸润。最新研究发现,OS小鼠模型的表皮屏障受损、皮肤菌群失调、活化T细胞的皮肤浸润增加,而诱导小鼠的肠道炎症可导致皮肤炎症的恶化,同时,在OS患者中,同样可观察到T细胞的皮肤归巢表型增强。Omenn综合征的临床表现比较特殊,早期即可出现表皮剥脱的红皮病、长期腹泻、淋巴结病、肝脾肿大,以及反复严重的感染,实验室检查示患儿外周血中的B淋巴细胞非常少甚至缺失,嗜酸性粒细胞增多,血清IgE水平升高。
Rag2基因缺陷小鼠脾脏、胸腺和外周血中的T、B细胞缺失,但外观发育正常,由于不能产生T、B淋巴细胞无法对异体来源的细胞产生异体排斥,因而可以作为移植瘤、干细胞、特异性感染等模型的载体,一定程度上可以满足部分基础科研的需求。然而,由于小鼠体型小、寿命短、先天及获得性免疫等遗传水平上与人存在的若干差异,导致小鼠模型在模拟人类生物学和临床条件方面有相当大的局限性,不利于转化研究过程中的效果长期评估。
因此,结合犬在免疫系统构成及免疫反应过程等方面与人存在高度相似性的优势,预示着犬作为大动物实验模型用于免疫及相关药物治疗手段的开发等领域上存在极大的潜在开发价值,获得可遗传且表型稳定的基因编辑免疫缺陷犬模型具有相当可观的应用转化前景。
因此,亟需构建一种Rag2基因编辑免疫缺陷模型犬为免疫缺陷疾病的研究提供优质的动物模型。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种经基因编辑技术建立Rag2基因编辑免疫缺陷模型犬的方法,获得可遗传且表型稳定的Rag2基因编辑免疫缺陷犬模型。
本发明的一方面提供了一种Rag2基因编辑免疫缺陷模型犬的建立方法,所述方法包括利用基因编辑技术获得Rag2基因表达降低或缺失的犬受精卵或犬体细胞。
在一些实施方式中,所述基因编辑技术选自BE3单碱基编辑技术、CRISPR、TALEN和ZFN,优选为CRISPR/Cas9。
在一些实施方式中,所述方法包括对Rag2基因的2号外显子进行靶向突变,优选地,所述突变包括核苷酸的插入、取代或缺失。
在一些实施方式中,所述方法包括如下步骤:
(1)根据犬Rag2基因的2号外显子的序列确定打靶位点;
(2)根据步骤(1)确定的打靶位点合成sgRNA序列,然后将合成的序列与骨架载体连接构建sgRNA打靶载体;
(3)通过体外转录,分别获得sgRNA和CRISPR/Cas9的体外转录产物;
(4)将步骤(3)获得的sgRNA和CRISPR/Cas9的体外转录产物导入犬受精卵或犬体细胞中,获得Rag2基因表达降低或缺失的犬受精卵或犬体细胞。
在一些实施方式中,步骤(1)中,根据犬Rag2基因的2号外显子的序列确定3条sgRNA,
优选地,所述sgRNA的序列及其互补序列包括以下序列:
sgRNA1:GGTAACAGTCAGTAATAACGTGG(SEQ ID NO:2),
sgRNA1的互补序列:CCACGTTATTACTGACTGTTACC(SEQ ID NO:3),
sgRNA2:GTGGCCGGGTAACGAAGAGGAGG(SEQ ID NO:4),
sgRNA2的互补序列:CCTCCTCTTCGTTACCCGGCCAC(SEQ ID NO:5),
sgRNA3:CCGGCCACTTGCATATTCAGAGG(SEQ ID NO:6),
sgRNA3的互补序列:CCTCTGAATATGCAAGTGGCCGG(SEQ ID NO:7)。
在一些实施方式中,所述方法还包括将Rag2基因表达降低或缺失的犬受精卵移植到受体母犬的输卵管内,从而制备Rag2基因编辑免疫缺陷模型犬。
在另一些实施方式中,所述方法还包括将Rag2基因表达降低或缺失的犬体细胞的细胞核移植到犬去核卵母细胞中,然后将核移植后的犬去核卵母细胞移植到受体母犬的输卵管内,从而制备Rag2基因编辑免疫缺陷模型犬。
在一些实施方式中,所述犬体细胞来自如下的组织或器官:胎儿组织、皮肤、肌肉、耳、乳腺、输卵管、卵巢、血液、尿液、脂肪、骨髓、血管和管腔内皮。
在一些实施方式中,所述犬体细胞选自胎儿成纤维细胞、皮肤细胞、上皮细胞、耳细胞、成纤维细胞、内皮细胞、肌肉细胞、乳腺细胞、输卵管细胞、卵巢细胞、卵丘细胞、神经细胞和成骨细胞。
在一些实施方式中,所述Rag2基因编辑免疫缺陷模型犬的基因组包含如SEQ IDNO:10所示的核苷酸序列。
在一些实施方式中,所述Rag2基因编辑免疫缺陷模型犬中的Rag2蛋白表达缺失。
在一些实施方式中,所述Rag2基因编辑免疫缺陷模型犬具有SEQ ID NO:11所示的氨基酸序列。
在一些实施方式中,所使用的骨架载体除真核载体外,还可包括慢病毒载体、腺病毒载体、腺相关病毒载体、非病毒载体等基因载体。
在一些实施方式中,本发明利用基因编辑技术,根据犬Rag2基因序列的外显子选择打靶位点序列,并且根据打靶位点序列构建了sgRNA打靶载体和CRISPR/Cas9表达载体,载体经验证有效后,体外转录为mRNA,然后采用胞质注射的方式将mRNA注射入犬受精卵中,然后将犬受精卵移植到双侧输卵管均进行了冲胚的母犬的一侧输卵管内,从而制备Rag2基因编辑免疫缺陷模型犬。
本发明的另一方面还提供而由所述建立方法获得的Rag2基因编辑免疫缺陷模型犬的犬体细胞、组织或器官。
在一些实施方式中,所述Rag2基因编辑免疫缺陷模型犬的犬体细胞、组织或器官包含如SEQ ID NO:10所示的核苷酸序列。
在一些实施方式中,所述Rag2基因编辑免疫缺陷模型犬的犬体细胞、组织或器官中的Rag蛋白表达缺失。
在一些实施方式中,所述Rag2基因编辑免疫缺陷模型犬的犬体细胞、组织或器官具有如SEQ ID NO:11所示的氨基酸序列。
本发明的另一方面还提供了一种Rag2基因编辑免疫缺陷模型犬的犬体细胞,所述犬体细胞中的Rag蛋白表达缺失,和/或基因组包含如SEQ ID NO:10所示的核苷酸序列。
本发明的又一方面提供了犬Rag2基因编辑的打靶载体,所述打靶载体由针对犬Rag2基因的2号外显子确定的打靶位点序列设计的sgRNA序列以及骨架载体构成;
优选地,所述sgRNA及其互补序列包括以下序列:
sgRNA1:GGTAACAGTCAGTAATAACGTGG(SEQ ID NO:2),
sgRNA1的互补序列:CCACGTTATTACTGACTGTTACC(SEQ ID NO:3),
sgRNA2:GTGGCCGGGTAACGAAGAGGAGG(SEQ ID NO:4),
sgRNA2的互补序列:CCTCCTCTTCGTTACCCGGCCAC(SEQ ID NO:5),
sgRNA3:CCGGCCACTTGCATATTCAGAGG(SEQ ID NO:6),
sgRNA3的互补序列:CCTCTGAATATGCAAGTGGCCGG(SEQ ID NO:7)。
本发明的又一方面提供了一种细胞,所述细胞包含所述打靶载体。
在一些实施方式中,所述细胞不能发育为动物。
本发明的又一方面提供了一种引物对,所述引物对包括如下序列:
正向引物:GCTCTTTGCTTACCTGACTGCC(SEQ ID NO:8),
反向引物:TGGCAAGTGAATGTCCTCCTAAGA(SEQ ID NO:9)。
本发明的又一方面提供了所述引物对在检测包含SEQ ID NO:10所示的序列的基因组序列的Rag2基因编辑免疫缺陷模型犬中的应用。
本发明的又一方面还提供了所述方法获得的Rag2基因编辑免疫缺陷模型犬在肿瘤模型构建、免疫疾病药物的筛选和/或评估中的应用。
重组激活基因(recombination.activating genes,Rags)在V(D)J重组过程中发挥重要作用,V(D)J重组过程中发生的免疫球蛋白(Ig)基因和T细胞受体(TCR)基因的重排和重组是B细胞和T淋巴细胞成熟过程中的必需阶段,重组激活基因Rag2编码的RAG2蛋白在成熟前T细胞发育成为成熟T细胞以及成熟前B细胞发育成为成熟B细胞的过程中,通过识别Ig或TCR基因,并结合基因片段中的重组信号序列(RSS),启动V(D)J重组。Rag2在淋巴细胞V(D)J重排过程中必不可少,任意一个缺失都会导致T、B淋巴细胞发育中断,进而不能产生成熟的T、B淋巴细胞,导致机体产生类似重度联合免疫缺陷(SCID)症状。
基于结合犬在免疫系统构成及免疫反应过程等方面与人存在高度相似性的优势,犬作为大动物实验模型用于免疫及相关药物治疗手段的开发等领域上存在极大的潜在开发价值,本发明获得了可遗传且表型稳定的Rag2基因编辑免疫缺陷犬模型。Rag2是TCR和Ig基因重组所必需的,基因缺失会导致T细胞和B细胞无法正常分化,非常适合同种和异种肿瘤移植,特别是移植生长缓慢、原代细胞、血源性癌症细胞等,在未来肿瘤模型开发、免疫疾相关药物效果评估等领域具有相当可观的应用转化前景。
附图说明
图1示出了编号为220511~220522的幼犬的PCR鉴定结果,点样顺序:DL2000Marker、220511E、220511T、220512E、220512T、220513E、220513T、220514E、220514T、220515E、220515T、阴性对照(水)、DL2000 Marker、220516E、220516T、阴性对照(水)、DL2000 Marker、220517E、220517T、220518E、220518T、220519E、220519T、阴性对照(水)、DL2000 Marker,220520E、220520T、220521E、220521T、220522E、220522T、阴性对照(水),其中,E代表耳组织,T代表尾组织。
图2示出了编号为220516幼犬与野生型的核酸序列比对分析结果。
图3示出了编号为220516幼犬与野生型的氨基酸序列比对分析结果。
图4示出了编号为220516幼犬与野生型犬的脾脏白髓区的对比结果。黑色箭头指示区域为脾脏CA中央动脉,WP为白髓区,PLS为动脉周围淋巴鞘。
具体实施方式
为使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白,以下结合实施例,对本发明进行进一步的详细说明。此处所描述的具体实施例仅用于解释本发明,并不用于构成对本发明的任何限制。此外,在以下说明中,省略了对公知结构和技术的描述,以避免不必要地混淆本公开的概念。这样的结构和技术在许多出版物中也进行了描述。
实施例1
1打靶载体的构建与鉴定
根据Genbank中的犬Rag2基因(NC_051822.1)序列信息,将Rag2基因的2号外显子确定打靶位点(SEQ ID NO:1)。
针对该打靶位点设计了3个sgRNA,sgRNA序列具体如下表1所示。
表1
将载体质粒px330用BbsI单酶切使其线性化,1%琼脂糖凝胶电泳,再切胶回收,测定浓度,按照线性化载体与Rag2基因打靶sgRNA摩尔比1:3的体系,使用T4 DNA连接酶16℃连接过夜。连接产物转化氨苄抗性LB板筛选,菌落PCR鉴定阳性克隆,并接种摇菌使用质粒小提试剂盒提取质粒。吸取5μL重组质粒进行测序,并采用Snapgene分析对比测序结果,将测序对比正确的质粒保存备用。
2体外转录
首先对CRISPR/Cas9的质粒进行线性化,反应体系为:30μg质粒,5μL限制性内切酶AflII;10μL的10×Buffer及ddH2O,总体积为100μL。然后加入100μL酚:仿:异戊醇(25:24:1)纯化线性化质粒DNA,12000g离心5min;吸取50μl上清至无Rnase的1.5ml离心管内,加入1/10体积醋酸钠和3倍体积无水乙醇沉淀质粒DNA,12000g离心5min;弃上清,尽量吸弃残留的上清,加150μL 70%乙醇洗涤质粒,12000g离心5min;空气中干燥3-5min,用15μL无RNase的ddH2O溶解DNA,测定浓度。
使用体外转录mRNA试剂盒(Thermo Scientific)进行体外转录。
体外转录体系为:1μg线性化质粒DNA,10μL的2×NTP/CAP,2μL的10×Buffer,2μL的RNA合成酶及ddH2O,总体积为20μL。混匀后37℃孵育1hr;加入1μL TURBO DNA酶,消化质粒模板,37℃孵育30min。然后将20μL体外转录产物,20μL的10×Reaction Buffer,10μL的ATP(10mM),2.5μL的RNA酶抑制剂,2μL的Poly(A)聚合酶及无核酸酶ddH2O混合,配制总体积为100μL的体外转录mRNA加polyA体系,37℃孵育1hr。孵育后,向反应体系中加入350μL结合缓冲液,吹吸混匀;然后加入250μL无水乙醇,混合均匀;再将样品转移到mRNA纯化柱中,10000g室温离心1min;弃掉滤液,重新装好柱子,500μL洗脱液漂洗柱子,10000g室温离心1min;重复漂洗一次,弃掉滤液,空柱离心1min将蛋白质等杂质洗脱掉;然后将柱子放入一个新的离心管中,加入50μL RNA洗脱液到柱子中央位置,盖好盖子65℃孵育10min,10000g室温离心1min;检测RNA质量及浓度。
将CRISPR的sgRNA及Cas9的mRNA进行混合,使sgRNA的终浓度为50ng/μL、Cas9的终浓度为200ng/μL,置于-80℃保存,用于胞质注射。
3胞质注射和胚胎移植及鉴定
Cas9 mRNA和3个sgRNA按照2:1的比例混合,进行犬受精卵胞质注射,共进行胚胎移植5次,移植胚胎数量为32枚,移植受体5只,出生幼犬合计12只,基因编辑阳性犬1只(详见表2)。
具体操作包括:共计5只自然发情的比格母犬,作为受精卵供体同时作为胚胎移植受体进行实验。对所有母犬采集血液检测血清中孕酮浓度,当孕酮浓度达到4-7ng/mL时可以确定为排卵期,排卵后48h进行自然交配,然后冲取受精胚胎,5只母犬累计获得受精卵32枚。收集受精卵后,采用含有0.1%透明质酸酶的TCM199培养基脱去卵丘颗粒细胞,然后放入HEPES缓冲的TCM199培养基(HM,GIBCO11150)微滴中,再放到装有显微操作仪的倒置显微镜上。利用显微注射针吸取含有以体积计4:1的上述制备的sgRNA的mRNA和Cas9的mRNA的混合液,然后注射到受精卵的胞质中。用10mL含有10%胎牛血清的HEPES缓冲的TCM199培养基(HM,GIBCO11150)冲洗输卵管,冲卵液由输卵管伞部结扎的注射针处流出并收集到10mL离心管中。胞质注射完成后,将胚胎装入胚胎移植管中,将胚胎移植管中的胚胎从伞部注射到冲胚时出血较少一侧的输卵管内。最终获得出生幼犬合计12只。
表2.胞质注射、胚胎移植结果
取新生幼犬的耳组织(E)和尾组织(T)提取基因组(参见志昂生物的组织DNA磁珠法核酸提取试剂盒步骤),设计特异性针对Rag2基因外显子2的引物序列,并进行PCR扩增。
以犬基因组DNA作为模板进行PCR和PCR产物测序鉴定,其中,基因型鉴定引物对为:
RAG2JDF(正向引物):GCTCTTTGCTTACCTGACTGCC(SEQ ID NO:8),
RAG2JDR(反向引物):TGGCAAGTGAATGTCCTCCTAAGA(SEQ ID NO:9)。
PCR反应体系(30μL):正向引物1μL、反向引物1μL、KODone酶15μL、ddH2O 12μL、模板1μL。
PCR反应条件为:95℃3min,(95℃15s,60℃15s,72℃30s)30个循环;72℃3min;保存4℃。
PCR产物切胶纯化回收后连接至T载体进行转化至大肠杆菌中,每板挑取15个菌落测序。测序结果与野生型序列比对,分析单克隆基因突变情况。
鉴定结果显示,编号220516的幼犬样本检测存在大片段缺失(图1中框图所示位置),其余样本检测结果与预期目的条带大小一致(图1)。进一步测序及序列信息比对,编号220516的幼犬的核酸序列如SEQ ID NO:10所示,对应的氨基酸序列如SEQ ID NO:11所示,核酸序列比对结果如图2所示,氨基酸序列比对结果如图3所示,氨基酸翻译提前终止,蛋白缺失。野生型氨基酸序列如SEQ ID NO:12所示。
4Rag2基因编辑犬的表型分析
对上述获得的Rag2基因编辑犬进行表型分析。
制备组织石蜡切片。分别取野生型犬和Rag2基因编辑犬(Rag2犬)的脾脏,置于4%多聚甲醛4℃固定过夜,次日流水冲洗6小时,经50%、70%、80%、95%、100%梯度酒精脱水处理,然后将组织移入二甲苯I、二甲苯II中透明,最后于60℃石蜡中浸蜡,蜡块过夜冷却后,将组织置于切片机上,4μm切片备用。
对石蜡切片进行HE染色。60℃烤片3小时后,切片经二甲苯I、二甲苯II,100%、95%、80%、70%、50%梯度酒精后,蒸馏水洗两次,每次5min;苏木素染液染7min,自来水洗;盐酸酒精分化后自来水洗;氨水返蓝,自来水洗。伊红染液染5s,自来水洗;经95%、100%浓度梯度酒精脱水、二甲苯I、二甲苯II透明后,中性树胶封片镜下拍照分析。
犬脾白髓区(WP)由动脉周围淋巴鞘(PLS)和淋巴小结两部分组成。动脉周围淋巴小结是围绕在CA中央动脉周围的淋巴组织,主要由大量T图细胞组成。图4显示了野生型犬与Rag2基因编辑犬脾脏白髓区的对比图像。结果显示,相比于野生型犬,Rag2基因编辑犬脾脏白髓区(分散存在呈深蓝色团块状的淋巴组织)无明显动脉周围淋巴鞘结构,T细胞发育明显异常,提示Rag2基因编辑免疫缺陷模型犬构建成功。
本发明的技术方案不限于上述具体实施例的限制,凡是根据本发明的技术方案做出的技术变形,均落入本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (14)
1.Rag2基因编辑免疫缺陷模型犬的建立方法,所述方法包括利用基因编辑技术获得Rag2基因表达降低或缺失的犬受精卵或犬体细胞。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述基因编辑技术选自BE3单碱基编辑技术、CRISPR、TALEN和ZFN,优选为CRISPR/Cas9。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述方法包括对Rag2基因的2号外显子进行靶向突变,优选地,所述突变包括核苷酸的插入、取代或缺失。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述方法包括如下步骤:
(1)根据犬Rag2基因的2号外显子的序列确定打靶位点;
(2)根据步骤(1)确定的打靶位点合成sgRNA序列,然后将合成的序列与骨架载体连接构建sgRNA打靶载体;
(3)通过体外转录,分别获得sgRNA和CRISPR/Cas9的体外转录产物;
(4)将步骤(3)获得的sgRNA和CRISPR/Cas9的体外转录产物导入犬受精卵或犬体细胞中,获得Rag2基因表达降低或缺失的犬受精卵或犬体细胞;
优选地,步骤(1)中,根据犬Rag2基因的2号外显子的序列确定3条sgRNA,
更优选地,所述sgRNA的序列及其互补序列包括以下序列:
sgRNA1:GGTAACAGTCAGTAATAACGTGG(SEQ ID NO:2),
sgRNA1的互补序列:CCACGTTATTACTGACTGTTACC(SEQ ID NO:3),
sgRNA2:GTGGCCGGGTAACGAAGAGGAGG(SEQ ID NO:4),
sgRNA2的互补序列:CCTCCTCTTCGTTACCCGGCCAC(SEQ ID NO:5),
sgRNA3:CCGGCCACTTGCATATTCAGAGG(SEQ ID NO:6),
sgRNA3的互补序列:CCTCTGAATATGCAAGTGGCCGG(SEQ ID NO:7)。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述方法还包括将Rag2基因表达降低或缺失的犬受精卵移植到受体母犬的输卵管内,从而制备Rag2基因编辑免疫缺陷模型犬;或者
所述方法还包括将Rag2基因表达降低或缺失的犬体细胞的细胞核移植到犬去核卵母细胞中,然后将核移植后的犬去核卵母细胞移植到受体母犬的输卵管内,从而制备Rag2基因编辑免疫缺陷模型犬。
6.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述Rag2基因编辑免疫缺陷模型犬中的Rag2蛋白表达缺失,和/或
所述Rag2基因编辑免疫缺陷模型犬的基因组包含如SEQ ID NO:10所示的核苷酸序列。
7.由权利要求1-6任一项的建立方法获得的Rag2基因编辑免疫缺陷模型犬的犬体细胞、组织或器官;
优选地,所述犬体细胞、组织或器官中的Rag蛋白表达缺失,和/或包含如SEQ ID NO:10所示的核苷酸序列。
8.一种Rag2基因编辑免疫缺陷模型犬的犬体细胞,所述犬体细胞中的Rag蛋白表达缺失,和/或基因组包含如SEQ ID NO:10所示的核苷酸序列。
9.犬Rag2基因编辑的打靶载体,所述打靶载体由针对犬Rag2基因的2号外显子确定的打靶位点序列设计的sgRNA序列以及骨架载体构成;
优选地,所述sgRNA及其互补序列包括以下序列:
sgRNA1:GGTAACAGTCAGTAATAACGTGG(SEQ ID NO:2),
sgRNA1的互补序列:CCACGTTATTACTGACTGTTACC(SEQ ID NO:3),
sgRNA2:GTGGCCGGGTAACGAAGAGGAGG(SEQ ID NO:4),
sgRNA2的互补序列:CCTCCTCTTCGTTACCCGGCCAC(SEQ ID NO:5),
sgRNA3:CCGGCCACTTGCATATTCAGAGG(SEQ ID NO:6),
sgRNA3的互补序列:CCTCTGAATATGCAAGTGGCCGG(SEQ ID NO:7)。
10.一种细胞,所述细胞包含权利要求9所述的打靶载体。
11.根据权利要求10所述的细胞,其特征在于,所述细胞不能发育为动物。
12.一种引物对,所述引物对包括如下序列:
正向引物:GCTCTTTGCTTACCTGACTGCC(SEQ ID NO:8),
反向引物:TGGCAAGTGAATGTCCTCCTAAGA(SEQ ID NO:9)。
13.根据权利要求12所述的引物对在检测包含SEQ ID NO:10所示的序列的基因组序列的Rag2基因编辑免疫缺陷模型犬中的应用。
14.权利要求1-6中任一项所述的方法获得的Rag2基因编辑免疫缺陷模型犬在肿瘤模型构建、免疫疾病药物的筛选和/或评估中的应用。
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