CN116806692A - Early screening method suitable for rubber tree daytime tapping breeding material and application thereof - Google Patents

Early screening method suitable for rubber tree daytime tapping breeding material and application thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN116806692A
CN116806692A CN202310921474.9A CN202310921474A CN116806692A CN 116806692 A CN116806692 A CN 116806692A CN 202310921474 A CN202310921474 A CN 202310921474A CN 116806692 A CN116806692 A CN 116806692A
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rubber
tapping
daytime
screening method
cutting
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高新生
李维国
黄肖
王祥军
张晓飞
位明明
张源源
杨雨
丁世涛
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Rubber Research Institute Chinese Academy Tropical Agricultural Sciences
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Rubber Research Institute Chinese Academy Tropical Agricultural Sciences
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01HNEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
    • A01H1/00Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
    • A01H1/04Processes of selection involving genotypic or phenotypic markers; Methods of using phenotypic markers for selection

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analysing Biological Materials (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides an early screening method and application of a rubber tree breeding material suitable for daytime rubber tapping, and belongs to the technical field of rubber tree breeding. The invention takes the variety RRIM600 as a contrast material; the contrast material and the identification material respectively carry out daily/night alternate tapping for 2-3 rounds in 7-9 months; each round is that 5-10 cutters are used for cutting rubber at night and then 5-10 cutters are used for cutting rubber in daytime; and (3) screening the material with the daytime rubber cutting yield not less than RRIM600 and the daytime dry rubber content/nighttime dry rubber content not more than RRIM600, namely the rubber tree material suitable for the daytime rubber cutting. The method can accurately identify the rubber tree material suitable for daily rubber tapping, provides a base material for daily rubber tapping breeding, and can effectively solve the defect of night operation in the rubber production field.

Description

Early screening method suitable for rubber tree daytime tapping breeding material and application thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of rubber tree breeding, and particularly relates to an early screening method and application of a rubber tree breeding material suitable for daily rubber tapping.
Background
Rubber is an important strategic resource and industrial raw material, and has irreplaceability in the fields of national defense, military industry, aerospace, high-end manufacturing and the like. In rubber production, the labor investment of rubber cutting production is about 70% of the investment of the whole natural rubber production, and the method is a central link and key technology of rubber production. The climatic factors influencing rubber removal of the rubber tree mainly comprise temperature, humidity and wind speed, and when the temperature is between 19 and 24 ℃, the humidity of the forest is more than 80 percent and the wind speed is less than 1 meter/second, the rubber removal is most favorable. The temperature is the lowest, the humidity is the greatest in the early morning period, the basic quiet wind is the lowest, the atmospheric pressure is the lowest, the rubber tree body is full in water, the transpiration effect is weak, the cell expansion and compression are the greatest, and therefore the early morning rubber tapping has the characteristics of smooth rubber tree rubber discharge, high yield and the like. Therefore, the traditional rubber tree tapping adopts the tapping at night, but the tapping working conditions at night are very unfriendly to rubber workers, the biological clock disorder affects the health of the body, the working environment is poor, and the danger is high, so that the younger generation in industry has low willingness to engage in the tapping operation at night, the rubber workers are seriously aged, and the phenomenon of discarding pipes in rubber gardens is increasingly serious. The daytime tapping can obviously improve the operation condition, effectively improves the enthusiasm of the young generation to engage in tapping, and is an important measure for solving the problem of industrial tapping workers shortage.
However, compared with the rubber tapping at night, the weather conditions of rubber discharge after daily rubber tapping are greatly changed, and generally the breakage index and the blocking index of the yellow body of the rubber latex can be reduced at low temperature, so that the content of mercaptan and the content of hydrogen peroxide in the rubber tree latex are increased, the rubber discharge time of the rubber tree is prolonged, the rubber discharge time is excessively prolonged (long flow) at excessive low temperature, and the high and stable yield of the natural rubber is influenced. Conversely, high temperature and low relative humidity generally lead to shortened glue discharge time, thereby reducing yield.
Conventionally, identification/screening of hybrid created sexual lines is mainly focused on aspects of variety yield, resistance, side characteristics and the like, whether test materials are suitable for daily tapping is generally not considered, and no related report is found on early identification/screening methods suitable for daily tapping breeding materials.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention aims to provide an early screening method for a rubber tree breeding material suitable for daytime tapping, which can accurately identify and obtain a rubber tree material suitable for daytime tapping.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the invention provides an early screening method of a rubber tree breeding material suitable for daytime rubber tapping, which comprises the following steps: the variety RRIM600 is used as a control material; the contrast material and the identification material respectively carry out daily/night alternate tapping for 2-3 rounds in 7-9 months; each round is that 5-10 cutters are used for cutting rubber at night and then 5-10 cutters are used for cutting rubber in daytime; screening the material with the daytime tapping yield not less than RRIM600 and the daytime dry gel content/night dry gel content not more than RRIM 600.
Preferably, the identification material is 3-5 years old rubber tree; the identification material is a sexual line filial generation.
Preferably, the rubber tapping position is a tree body 40-60 cm away from the ground.
Preferably, the rubber cutting mode is S/2d2 cutting or S/2d3 cutting.
Preferably, the number of the control materials is not less than 3 strains.
Preferably, the daytime/nighttime alternate tapping is 2 rounds, the daytime/nighttime alternate tapping of the 1 st round is carried out in 7-8 months, and the daytime/nighttime alternate tapping of the 2 nd round is carried out in 9 months.
Preferably, the daytime rubber cutting time is 6:00-7:00, and the nighttime rubber cutting time is 3:00-4:00.
Preferably, the rubber tapping yield and the dry rubber content are counted within 5-6 hours after rubber tapping.
Preferably, the tapping yield is obtained through a yield monitoring sensor, and the dry gel content is obtained through a microwave dry gel content determinator.
The invention also provides application of the screening method in rubber tree breeding.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the screening method provided by the invention can accurately identify the rubber tree material suitable for daily rubber tapping, and avoid the defect of night operation in the rubber production field, thereby effectively solving the problem of rubber industry shortage and providing technical means and breeding material support for breeding of rubber tree varieties.
Drawings
Fig. 1: the yield monitoring sensor monitors the number of drops of the latex discharged;
fig. 2: a schematic diagram of tapping position and sensor position.
Detailed Description
The invention provides an early screening method of a rubber tree breeding material suitable for daytime rubber tapping, which comprises the following steps: the variety RRIM600 is used as a control material; the contrast material and the identification material respectively carry out daily/night alternate tapping for 2-3 rounds in 7-9 months; each round is that 5-10 cutters are used for cutting rubber at night and then 5-10 cutters are used for cutting rubber in daytime; screening the material with the daytime tapping yield not less than RRIM600 and the daytime dry gel content/night dry gel content not more than RRIM 600.
The invention takes the variety RRIM600 as a control material, the control material and the material to be identified are planted in the same area and at the same time, and the quantity of the control material is not less than 3 strains. The RRIM600 is a typical high-yield variety, has balanced latex physiology, and has moderate growth, latex physiology and resistance except yield, and relatively balanced indexes. The invention uses RRIM600 as a control material, is based on comprehensive consideration of yield, latex physiology and evaluation effect, and can accurately identify and obtain the rubber tree strain suitable for daily tapping.
The identification material is 3-5 years old rubber tree; the identification material is a sexual line (hybrid F1 generation). The age of the rubber tree is preferably 4 years. Based on the biological characteristics of the long-period tropical arbor, if the tree age is lower than 3 years old, the correlation between the identification result and the mature tree is not strong, and whether the mature tree is suitable for daily tapping cannot be accurately judged; the predictability of early identification was slightly inadequate beyond 5 years of age.
The control material and the identification material are cut by S/2d2 (1/2 girth, one cutter for two days and non-ethephon stimulation) or S/2d3 (1/2 girth, one cutter for three days and non-ethephon stimulation), and the rubber cutting position is 40-60 cm from the ground, preferably 50 cm.
The invention carries out daily/night alternate tapping of 2-3 rounds in 7-9 months, wherein each round contains 10-20 cutters, and the tapping mode is that 5-10 cutters are firstly used for tapping at night, and then 5-10 cutters are used for tapping in the daytime. When the number of the rounds is preferably 2, the day/night alternate cutting of the 1 st round is preferably performed for 7 to 8 months, and the day/night alternate cutting of the 2 nd round is performed for 9 months. The invention selects rubber tapping for 7-9 months, the temperature difference between day and night in tropical regions in the season is not obvious, the variety distinction between rubber tapping in suitable daytime and rubber tapping in suitable night is high, and the screening result is accurate.
The daytime rubber cutting time is 6:00-7:00 (24 hours), and the nighttime rubber cutting time is 3:00-4:00 (24 hours). In the daytime, 6:00-7:00 a.m. belongs to the time which is relatively friendly to rubber tapping operators, and meanwhile, the rubber tapping of the rubber tree is smooth, and the time for obtaining better yield is a good balance point of yield and rubber tapping friendliness. The rubber tree strain obtained by identification and screening can be cut at 6:00-7:00 in the daytime of the mature tree.
The invention counts the rubber tapping yield and the dry rubber content within 5-6 hours after rubber tapping. The rubber tapping yield is obtained through a yield monitoring sensor, and the yield monitoring sensor is arranged below a trunk cutting line and can accurately monitor the number of latex drops discharged; the dry glue content is obtained by a microwave dry glue content tester.
The invention screens the materials with the daytime rubber tapping yield not less than RRIM600 and the daytime dry rubber content/nighttime dry rubber content not more than RRIM600, namely the rubber tree materials suitable for the daytime rubber tapping. The dry gel content and the yield of the identified material are the average value of all rounds, and the yield and the dry gel content of the RRIM600 are all the average value of all strains. Preferably, the materials obtained by screening can enter a subsequent rubber tree primary line comparison test or a high-level line comparison test to further carry out variety system identification.
The invention also provides application of the screening method in rubber tree breeding, so as to provide technical means and breeding material support for breeding of rubber tree varieties. The invention can screen out the breeding materials which are applied to the subsequent breeding of the rubber cutting in the daytime and finally breed the variety through early identification, and the application of the variety can effectively solve the defect of night operation in the rubber production field, thereby effectively relieving the problem of rubber industry labor shortage.
The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in the following in connection with the embodiments of the present invention. It will be apparent that the described embodiments are only some, but not all, embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
In the following examples, conventional methods are used unless otherwise specified.
Materials, reagents and the like used in the examples described below are commercially available unless otherwise specified.
Example 1
In this example, experiments were performed with rubber trees grown in the ninth test area of Hainan, state Thermology laboratory test ground:
the identification materials are as follows: the 4-year-old sexual individuals comprise 5 hybridization combinations of GT 1X hot-ground 879, hot-ground 87662X hot-ground 628, hot-ground 501X 93114, hot-ground 8813X hot-ground 628 and 93-114X hot-ground 879, wherein the total number of hybridization offspring is 103 (without control, the control is clone).
Control material: and 3 RRIM600 bud grafting seedlings planted in the same test area and the sexual line simultaneously.
The experimental method comprises the following steps:
respectively carrying out day/night alternate tapping (the schematic diagram is shown in figure 2) of 2 rounds on the identification material and the control material in 7-9 months of 2022, wherein the tapping system adopts S/2d2 cutting (1/2 tree circumference, one cutter in two days and non-ethephon stimulation cutting); each complete round contains 10 knives in total, with 5 knives for the first night and 5 knives for the next day. First, the first round of day/night alternate tapping is performed at 7 months, then the second round of day/night alternate tapping is performed at 9 months, the day tapping time is 6:00-7:00 (24 hours), and the night tapping time is 3:00-4:00 (24 hours).
And counting the rubber tapping yield and the dry rubber content within 6 hours after rubber tapping: the total number of latex drops discharged is monitored by a yield monitoring sensor (fig. 1) and then converted to latex yield by a standard formula, the conversion formula between latex volume and latex drop number being: y=40.285x+13.417, r 2 = 0.9939; the dry gel content was obtained by a microwave dry gel content meter, and the dry gel content ratio (DRC) was calculated Daytime /DRC Night time ) The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The dry glue content ratio and the yield are both the average value of 2 rounds; the materials with the daytime rubber cutting yield being more than or equal to RRIM600 and the daytime dry rubber content/nighttime dry rubber content being less than or equal to RRIM600 are obtained through screening according to the yield and dry rubber content ratio, and specific identification results are shown in Table 1.
Table 1 Dry gel content and latex yield of each set of test materials
According to the dry content and daily post-tapping yield of each group of identification materials in Table 1, firstly, the yields of the individual plants of the filial generation are counted (the dry gel content and the yield are both the average value of 2 rounds), the individual plants with the yields not lower than RRIM600 under the daily tapping condition are selected, and then the dry gel content ratio (D) Day cutting /D Night cutting ) The remaining excellent plants suitable for diurnal tapping, which are higher than the individual plants of RRIM600, are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2 selection of partially elite individuals
Among the above combinations, hot-ground 879 has a better general combination force as a parent, wherein the overall yield of the progeny of the 93-114 Xhot-ground 879 combination is higher, and 3 strains of 5-10, 5-11 and 5-14 are selected from the aspect of yield, but the single strain 5-10 is due to DRC Daytime /DRC Night time Higher than RRIM600, so is eliminated; after the hot reclamation 501 multiplied by 93114 and the hot reclamation 87662 multiplied by 628 are combined with each other, single plants with the yield exceeding RRIM600 are not available, no optimal plants are selected, and the yields and the dry glue content ratio of 1-13 single plants combined with the GT1 multiplied by 879 are all in accordance with the conditions, so that the optimal plants are selected. Finally, selecting 3 strains of 1-13, 5-11 and 5-14 combined, which are suitable for daily tapping.
And (5) continuing to carry out the verification work of the adaptability of the selected optimal plant and other single plants of each combination to the daytime tapping in 10 to 11 months of the current year. And continuing to cut rubber for 10 months to 11 months, wherein the cutting is also S/2d2 cutting, wherein the whole month of 10 months is daily rubber cutting (rubber cutting time is 3:00-4:00), and the whole month of 11 months is night rubber cutting (rubber cutting time is 6:00-7:00) as comparison, and the number of cutters per month is 15. The yield performance of daily tapping and night tapping is comprehensively and specifically shown in the following table:
TABLE 3 run yield performance of test materials
Note that: annual output includes 7 months, 9 months, 10 months, 11 months and four months output.
As can be seen from Table 3, the selected preferred strains 1-13, 5-11 and 5-14 have the daily tapping cutter times of higher than that of the control RRIM600, the ratio of the daily tapping yield to the total yield in the whole year is 39.70-42.54%, and the ratio exceeds 34.37% of the control, which indicates that the daily tapping yield is higher; the yields of the unselected single plants 4-6 and 5-10 are higher, but the ratio of the daily rubber cutting yield to the total yield is 38.14 percent and 36.57 percent, which is obviously lower than that of the selected single plants; the yield of the identification results of other unselected single plants is lower, the ratio of the daily rubber cutting yield to the total yield of the whole year is only 29.60 percent, and the yield is lower than the control RRIM600, which indicates that the adaptability to the daily rubber cutting is poor and the yield is obviously reduced. Therefore, by applying the identification method, the sexual individuals suitable for daily tapping can be effectively selected.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and it should be noted that modifications and adaptations to those skilled in the art may be made without departing from the principles of the present invention, which are intended to be comprehended within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. An early screening method of rubber tree breeding materials suitable for daytime tapping, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: the variety RRIM600 is used as a control material; the contrast material and the identification material respectively carry out daily/night alternate tapping for 2-3 rounds in 7-9 months; each round is that 5-10 cutters are used for cutting rubber at night and then 5-10 cutters are used for cutting rubber in daytime; screening the material with the daytime tapping yield not less than RRIM600 and the daytime dry gel content/night dry gel content not more than RRIM 600.
2. The early screening method according to claim 1, wherein the identification material is 3-5 years old rubber tree; the identification material is a sexual line filial generation.
3. The early stage screening method according to claim 1, wherein the tapping position is a tree body 40-60 cm from the ground.
4. The early screening method according to claim 1, wherein the tapping mode is S/2d2 cutting or S/2d3 cutting.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the control material is present in an amount of not less than 3 plants.
6. The early screening method according to claim 1, wherein the daytime/nighttime alternating tapping is 2 rounds, the daytime/nighttime alternating tapping of 1 st round is performed for 7 to 8 months, and the daytime/nighttime alternating tapping of 2 nd round is performed for 9 months.
7. The early stage screening method according to claim 1, wherein the daytime tapping time is 6:00 to 7:00 and the nighttime tapping time is 3:00 to 4:00.
8. The early screening method according to claim 1, wherein the rubber tapping yield and the dry rubber content are counted within 5 to 6 hours after the rubber tapping.
9. The early screening method according to claim 1, wherein the tapping yield is obtained by a yield monitoring sensor and the dry gel content is obtained by a microwave dry gel content meter.
10. Use of the early screening method according to any one of claims 1 to 9 in the breeding of rubber trees.
CN202310921474.9A 2023-07-25 2023-07-25 Early screening method suitable for rubber tree daytime tapping breeding material and application thereof Pending CN116806692A (en)

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Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB542204A (en) * 1939-04-14 1941-12-31 Goodrich Co B F Improvements in or relating to the preparation of crude rubber
CN109459435A (en) * 2018-12-27 2019-03-12 中国热带农业科学院热带生物技术研究所 The detection method of the screening technique of rubber tree kind, the breeding method of rubber tree and rubber tree yield
CN110432141A (en) * 2019-08-29 2019-11-12 中国热带农业科学院橡胶研究所 A kind of method of the late-maturing high yield rubber tree germplasm of Seedling selection
CN114467604A (en) * 2022-01-25 2022-05-13 勐腊田野橡胶销售有限责任公司 Rubber forest dry season rubber tapping management method

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB542204A (en) * 1939-04-14 1941-12-31 Goodrich Co B F Improvements in or relating to the preparation of crude rubber
CN109459435A (en) * 2018-12-27 2019-03-12 中国热带农业科学院热带生物技术研究所 The detection method of the screening technique of rubber tree kind, the breeding method of rubber tree and rubber tree yield
CN110432141A (en) * 2019-08-29 2019-11-12 中国热带农业科学院橡胶研究所 A kind of method of the late-maturing high yield rubber tree germplasm of Seedling selection
CN114467604A (en) * 2022-01-25 2022-05-13 勐腊田野橡胶销售有限责任公司 Rubber forest dry season rubber tapping management method

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
李杨等: "橡胶树日间割胶试验初报", 热带作物学报, vol. 44, no. 5, 16 November 2022 (2022-11-16), pages 937 - 945 *

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