CN114467604A - Rubber forest dry season rubber tapping management method - Google Patents
Rubber forest dry season rubber tapping management method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114467604A CN114467604A CN202210085111.1A CN202210085111A CN114467604A CN 114467604 A CN114467604 A CN 114467604A CN 202210085111 A CN202210085111 A CN 202210085111A CN 114467604 A CN114467604 A CN 114467604A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/007—Determining fertilization requirements
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Abstract
The invention discloses a rubber forest dry season rubber tapping management method, which comprises the following steps: selecting rubber trees planted in dry season areas, and setting rubber tapping seasons to be 1-6 months and 9-12 months; during the period from 12 months to 3 months in the next year, the water content of the soil is kept between 8 and 18 percent through irrigation; and (4) repeatedly applying nitrogen fertilizer to the vertical corresponding position of the crown of the rubber tree in the period of 9-11 months. According to the management method, by applying the nitrogen fertilizer again in 9-11 months and controlling the water content in the soil in 12-3 months of the next year, the dry-season rubber trees can be effectively prevented from leaf falling, the rubber tapping season is adjusted, the dry-season rubber tapping is realized, the rubber yield is effectively improved, and the economic benefit is obviously improved; in addition, the residual labor force of the glue grower can be better and fully utilized through the adjustment of the glue cutting season, and good social benefit is formed; in addition, the management method can also effectively avoid the occurrence of powdery mildew.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of rubber forest management, in particular to a rubber forest dry season rubber tapping management method.
Background
Rubber (Rubber) is a high-elasticity polymer material with reversible deformation, is rich in elasticity at room temperature, can generate large deformation under the action of small external force, and can recover the original shape after the external force is removed. Rubber is a completely amorphous polymer with a low glass transition temperature (T g) and a molecular weight that is often very high, greater than several hundred thousand.
The rubber is divided into natural rubber and synthetic rubber. The natural rubber is prepared by extracting colloid from plants such as rubber tree and rubber grass and processing; synthetic rubbers are obtained by polymerization of various monomers. Rubber products are widely used in industry or in various aspects of life.
The rubber trees can grow in only a few regions in the northern edge of the tropical zone in China, and are influenced by factors such as weather and the like, so that the rubber forest productivity is limited. After the Xishuangbanna rubber tree is in 11 middle-month, the temperature is reduced, the water and fertilizer are insufficient, the rubber tree begins to fall leaves, the yield of rubber is reduced, and the cutting period is continued. After the rubber falls off leaves, powdery mildew sleeps along with the fallen leaves, spores germinate and erupt with rainwater in the next year to form powdery mildew which is tender leaves, tender buds, tender tips and inflorescences with poor resistance to the rubber tree, and the normal cutting is influenced in the next year. The management of 'upgrading and increasing' of the rubber forest is urgently needed.
In recent years, in the international and domestic rubber markets, because the nutrients of rubber trees are insufficient, the resistance is poor, leaves fall intensively in winter, the rubber trees are infected with rubber powdery mildew in a large area after meeting low-temperature weather in the next year, the rubber trees are delayed to be cut, and 3 months and 4 months with higher dry glue content of the glue are missed. However, some countries in south east asia can normally cut every 12-2 months in the dry season, and the glue price is better in the corresponding time period. Therefore, how to cut rubber in the Xishuangbanna in dry seasons, avoid collective leaf fall of the rubber trees in dry seasons, fix carbon and increase sink of the rubber trees and bring huge economic value and ecological benefit. In addition, the rubber farmers are mostly in idle state in dry seasons due to the falling of rubber leaves, so that the labor force of the rubber farmers cannot be fully utilized.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a rubber tree dry season rubber tapping management method, which can ensure that dry season rubber trees do not fall off leaves, adjust rubber tapping seasons, realize dry season rubber tapping, effectively improve rubber yield and further obviously improve economic benefits.
In order to achieve the above purpose of the present invention, the following technical solutions are adopted:
the invention provides a rubber forest dry season rubber tapping management method, which comprises the following steps:
(a) selecting rubber trees planted in dry season areas, and setting rubber tapping seasons to be 1-6 months and 9-12 months;
(b) during the period from 12 months to 3 months in the next year, the water content of the soil is kept between 8 and 18 percent through irrigation;
(c) and (4) repeatedly applying nitrogen fertilizer to the vertical corresponding position of the crown of the rubber tree in the period of 9-11 months.
Preferably, in the step (b), the irrigation water is formulated fertilizer water, and the contents of the effective components in the formulated fertilizer water are as follows:
0.03-0.08 g/kg of nitrate nitrogen, 0.2-0.25% of ammonium nitrogen, 600-650 mg/kg of phosphorus, 1400-1500 mg/kg of potassium, 12-16 mg/kg of calcium, 270-300 mg/kg of magnesium, 0.9-1.2 mg/kg of iron, 0.25-0.4 mg/kg of manganese, 0.9-1.1 mg/kg of copper, 0.9-1.2 mg/kg of zinc, 0.6-0.7 mg/kg of boron, 0.18-0.25 mg/kg of molybdenum, 0.5-0.65 mg/kg of nickel, 12-15 mg/kg of sodium, 2-3 mg/kg of silicon, 0.15-0.2% of sulfur, 8-12 mg/kg of chlorine and 0.9-1.2% of organic matter.
Preferably, in the step (b), the irrigation means includes a drip irrigation system, a drainage ditch, a hill pond and a reservoir.
Preferably, in the step (c), the fertilizing amount of the nitrogen fertilizer is 10-12 kg/mu; the fertilization times are 1-2.
Preferably, in the step (c), the nitrogen fertilizer is a nitrogen fertilizer special for rubber trees.
Preferably, in the step (a), the dry season regions include Xishuangbanna, Pu' er, Red river, Dehong, Lincang, Vietnam, Burma, Laos and Thailand.
Preferably, in the step (a), the rubber tree species comprise Yuyan 77-2, Yuyan 77-4 and GT 1.
Preferably, in step (a), during the dry season, the tapping time is 16 pm per day: 00-18: 30, collecting the rubber the next day, and cutting for 2 days and 1 knife.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that at least:
according to the management method, by applying the nitrogen fertilizer again in 9-11 months and controlling the water content in the soil in 12-3 months of the next year, the dry-season rubber trees can be effectively prevented from leaf falling, the rubber tapping season is adjusted, the dry-season rubber tapping is realized, the rubber yield is effectively improved, and the economic benefit is obviously improved; in addition, the residual labor force of the glue grower can be better and fully utilized through the adjustment of the glue cutting season, and good social benefit is formed; in addition, the management method can also effectively avoid the occurrence of powdery mildew.
Detailed Description
The following describes embodiments of the present invention in detail with reference to the following embodiments. The following examples are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention more clearly, and therefore are only examples, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby.
It is to be noted that, unless otherwise specified, technical or scientific terms used herein shall have the ordinary meaning as understood by those skilled in the art to which the present invention belongs.
Example 1
The embodiment is a rubber forest dry season rubber tapping management method, which comprises the following steps:
(a) selecting a rubber tree planted in a dry season area (Xishuangbanna), and setting tapping seasons to be 1-6 months and 9-12 months, wherein during the dry season, tapping time is 16 pm every day: 00-18: 30, collecting the rubber the next day, and cutting for 2 days and 1 cutter;
(b) during 12 months to 3 months next year, irrigating by a drip irrigation system to keep the soil moisture at 8% -18%, wherein the irrigation water is formulated fertilizer water, and the contents of active ingredients in the formulated fertilizer water are as follows:
0.05g/kg of nitrate nitrogen, 0.23% of ammonium nitrogen, 637.1023mg/kg of phosphorus, 1451.5523mg/kg of potassium, 14.6312mg/kg of calcium, 292.0458mg/kg of magnesium, 1.0458mg/kg of iron, 0.3229mg/kg of manganese, 1.0891mg/kg of copper, 1.0120mg/kg of zinc, 0.6410mg/kg of boron, 0.2024mg/kg of molybdenum, 0.5831mg/kg of nickel, 13.6936mg/kg of sodium, 2.6843mg/kg of silicon, 0.182% of sulfur, 10mg/kg of chlorine and 1.06% of organic matters;
(c) and (3) in the period of 9-11 months, re-applying nitrogen fertilizer to the vertically corresponding position of the crown of the rubber tree, specifically, re-applying the nitrogen fertilizer special for the rubber tree once in 9 months and 11 months respectively, wherein the fertilizing amount of the nitrogen fertilizer special for the rubber tree every time is 12 kg/mu.
Example 2
The embodiment is a rubber forest dry season rubber tapping management method, which comprises the following steps:
(a) selecting rubber trees planted in dry season areas, and setting rubber tapping seasons to be 1-6 months and 9-12 months, wherein during the dry season, the rubber tapping time is 16 in the afternoon every day: 00-18: 30, collecting the rubber the next day, and cutting for 2 days and 1 cutter;
(b) during 12 months to 3 months next year, irrigating by a drip irrigation system to keep the soil moisture at 8% -18%, wherein the irrigation water is formulated fertilizer water, and the contents of active ingredients in the formulated fertilizer water are as follows:
0.03g/kg of nitrate nitrogen, 0.25% of ammonium nitrogen, 600mg/kg of phosphorus, 1500mg/kg of potassium, 12mg/kg of calcium, 300mg/kg of magnesium, 1.2mg/kg of iron, 0.25mg/kg of manganese, 1.1mg/kg of copper, 0.9mg/kg of zinc, 0.7mg/kg of boron, 0.18mg/kg of molybdenum, 0.65mg/kg of nickel, 12mg/kg of sodium, 3mg/kg of silicon, 0.15% of sulfur, 12mg/kg of chlorine and 0.9% of organic matters;
(c) and (3) in the period of 9-11 months, re-applying nitrogen fertilizer to the vertically corresponding position of the crown of the rubber tree, specifically, re-applying the nitrogen fertilizer special for the rubber tree once in 9 months and 11 months respectively, wherein the fertilizing amount of the nitrogen fertilizer special for the rubber tree is 10 kg/mu each time.
Example 3
The embodiment is a rubber forest dry season rubber tapping management method, which comprises the following steps:
(a) selecting a rubber tree planted in a dry season area (Pu' er), and setting rubber tapping seasons to be 1-6 months and 9-12 months, wherein during the dry season, the rubber tapping time is 16 in the afternoon every day: 00-18: 30, collecting the rubber the next day, and cutting for 2 days and 1 cutter;
(b) during 12 months to 3 months next year, irrigating by a drip irrigation system to keep the soil moisture at 8% -18%, wherein the irrigation water is formulated fertilizer water, and the contents of active ingredients in the formulated fertilizer water are as follows:
0.08g/kg of nitrate nitrogen, 0.2% of ammonium nitrogen, 650mg/kg of phosphorus, 1400mg/kg of potassium, 16mg/kg of calcium, 270mg/kg of magnesium, 0.9mg/kg of iron, 0.4mg/kg of manganese, 0.9mg/kg of copper, 1.2mg/kg of zinc, 0.6mg/kg of boron, 0.25mg/kg of molybdenum, 0.5mg/kg of nickel, 15mg/kg of sodium, 2mg/kg of silicon, 0.2% of sulfur, 8mg/kg of chlorine and 1.2% of organic matters;
(c) and (3) in the period of 9-11 months, re-applying nitrogen fertilizer to the vertically corresponding position of the crown of the rubber tree, specifically, re-applying the nitrogen fertilizer special for the rubber tree once in 9 months and 11 months respectively, wherein the fertilizing amount of the nitrogen fertilizer special for the rubber tree every time is 11 kg/mu.
Example 4
This example is a rubber forest dry season tapping management method, which is substantially the same as the management method of example 1, except that the irrigation water in step (b) is used for storing water in rainy seasons.
Comparative example 1
The comparative example is a rubber tapping management method of the conventional normal rubber forest, and the management method is different from the management method of the example 1 in that irrigation is not carried out in the period from 12 months to 3 months in the next year, nitrogen fertilizer re-application is not carried out in the period from 9 months to 11 months, and the rubber tapping season is 3-11 months.
Comparative example 2
This example is a rubber forest dry season tapping management method, which is basically the same as the management method of example 1, except that in step (b), the soil moisture is maintained at 3% to 12% during 12 months to 3 months of the following year.
Experimental example 1
The management experiment was carried out according to the management method of example 1, specifically as follows:
a test field of a field rubber manufacturing plant of Meng Lun town of Meng county, Meng, Banna is selected, the elevation is 625m, the area of a planting system is 77-2 Yun, the area is 15 mu (360 plants), the rubber tree is planted in 2011, the tree age is 10 years, and the cutting age is 1 year. The test is started at the end of 11 months in 2019, the test is carried out for 2 years, and in 12 months to 3 months in the next year after the rainy season in 2019, the fertilizer water is introduced for irrigation, so that the water content of the soil is kept to be 8% -18%; respectively re-applying the special nitrogen fertilizer for the rubber trees once at the vertical positions of the crowns in 9 and 11 months every year, wherein the nitrogen fertilizer is applied for 12 kg/mu every time so as to support the growth vigor of the rubber trees in winter and reduce the fallen leaves in winter; the rubber tapping seasons are 1-6 months and 9-12 months, and the rubber tapping seasons of 7-8 months in the rainy season every year in the original production scheme are cancelled; the dry season tapping time was 16 pm per day: 00-18: 30, collecting the rubber the next day, and cutting for 2 days and 1 cutter; and normal tapping in other seasons.
Meanwhile, 360 plants (the variety, the tree age and the cutting age are the same) in 15 mu are managed by adopting the management method of the embodiment 4;
meanwhile, the management method in the comparative example 1 is used for managing the adjacent 15 mu of 360 plants (the varieties, the tree ages and the cutting ages are all the same) serving as a reference;
at the same time, 360 plants (same variety, tree age and cutting age) in 15 mu are taken as a control and managed by the management method in the comparative example 2.
The experimental results are as follows:
the rubber tree managed in the example 1 postpones the leaf falling, and part of the rubber tree overwintering does not fall; harvesting 172kg of dry glue per mu per year on average; 0 strain of powdery mildew occurs, and 0 kilogram of sulfur powder is applied.
The rubber tree managed in the example 4 postpones the leaf falling, and part of the rubber tree overwintering does not fall; harvesting 153kg of dry glue per mu per year on average; 0 strain of powdery mildew occurs, and 0 kilogram of sulfur powder is applied.
In the comparative example 1, the management method has the advantages that the leaves are fallen in dry seasons and overwintering leaves are fallen in the experimental field; harvesting 127kg of dry glue per mu per year on average; powdery mildew occurs in 23 plants, and 2 kilograms of sulfur powder is applied per year.
Comparative example 2 the management method experimentally showed less dry season fallen leaves than comparative example 1, overwintering fallen leaves; harvesting 142kg of dry glue per mu per year on average; the powdery mildew occurs 6 strains, and 0.8 kg of sulfur powder is applied per year.
Experimental example 2
The management experiment was carried out according to the management method of example 1, specifically as follows:
2 teams of field agricultural bases of Meng Lun town of Meng county, Xishuangbanna are selected, the altitude is 800m, the area of a planted strain Yunyan 77-4 is 15 mu (360 plants), the rubber trees are planted in 2003, the tree age is 18 years, and the cutting age is 11 years; starting the test at the end of 11 months in 2019, testing for 2 years, and irrigating by introducing formulated fertilizer water in 12 months to 3 months in the next year after the rainy season in 2019 to keep the soil moisture content at 8% -18%; respectively re-applying the special nitrogen fertilizer for the rubber trees at the vertical positions of the crowns for 1 time in 9 months and 11 months every year, and applying 12 kg/mu of the nitrogen fertilizer each time so as to support the growth vigor of the rubber trees in winter and reduce the fallen leaves in winter; the rubber tapping seasons are 1-6 months and 9-12 months, and the rubber tapping seasons of 7-8 months in the rainy season every year in the original production scheme are cancelled; the dry season tapping time was 16 pm per day: 00-18: 30, collecting the rubber the next day, and cutting for 2 days and 1 knife. And normal tapping in other seasons.
Meanwhile, 360 plants (the variety, the tree age and the cutting age are the same) in 15 mu are managed by adopting the management method of the embodiment 4;
at the same time, 360 plants (same variety, tree age and cutting age) in 15 mu are taken as a control and managed by the management method in the comparative example 1.
At the same time, 360 plants (same variety, tree age and cutting age) in 15 mu are taken as a control and managed by the management method in the comparative example 2.
The experimental results are as follows:
the rubber tree managed in the embodiment 1 has less fallen leaves in dry seasons, the fallen leaves are delayed, and partial overwintering is realized without fallen leaves; harvesting 168kg of dry glue per mu per year on average; 0 strain of powdery mildew occurs, and 0 kilogram of sulfur powder is applied.
The rubber tree managed in the example 4 postpones the leaf falling, and part of the rubber tree overwintering does not fall; harvesting 147kg of dry glue per mu per year on average; 0 strain of powdery mildew occurs, and 0 kilogram of sulfur powder is applied.
In the comparative example 1, the management method has the advantages that the leaves are fallen in dry seasons and overwintering leaves are fallen in the experimental field; harvesting dry glue 114kg per mu per year on average; the powdery mildew is 27 plants, and 2 kilograms of sulfur powder is applied per year.
Comparative example 2 the management method experimentally showed less dry season fallen leaves than comparative example 1, overwintering fallen leaves; harvesting 135kg of dry glue per mu per year on average; powdery mildew occurs in 3 plants, and 0.5 kg of sulfur powder is applied per year.
Experimental example 3
The management experiment was carried out according to the management method of example 1, specifically as follows:
1 team of field agricultural base of Meng Lun town of Meng county, Xishuangbanna is selected, the altitude is 425m, the area of a planting strain Yunyan GT1 is 15 mu (360), rubber trees are planted in 1995, the tree age is 26 years, and the cutting age is 20 years; starting the test at the end of 11 months in 2019, testing for 2 years, and irrigating by introducing formulated fertilizer water in 12 months to 3 months in the next year after the rainy season in 2019 to keep the soil moisture content at 8% -18%; respectively re-applying the special nitrogen fertilizer for the rubber trees at the vertical positions of the crowns for 1 time in 9 months and 11 months every year, and applying 12 kg/mu of the nitrogen fertilizer each time so as to support the growth vigor of the rubber trees in winter and reduce the fallen leaves in winter; the rubber tapping seasons are 1-6 months and 9-12 months, and the rubber tapping seasons of 7-8 months in the rainy season every year in the original production scheme are cancelled; the dry season tapping time was 16 pm per day: 00-18: 30, collecting the rubber the next day, and cutting for 2 days and 1 knife. And normal tapping in other seasons.
Meanwhile, 360 plants (the variety, the tree age and the cutting age are the same) in 15 mu are managed by adopting the management method of the embodiment 4;
at the same time, 360 plants (same variety, tree age and cutting age) in 15 mu are taken as a control and managed by the management method in the comparative example 1.
At the same time, 360 plants (same variety, tree age and cutting age) in 15 mu are taken as a control and managed by the management method in the comparative example 2.
The experimental results are as follows:
the rubber tree managed in the embodiment 1 has less fallen leaves in dry seasons, the fallen leaves are delayed, and partial overwintering is realized without fallen leaves; harvesting 172kg of dry glue per mu per year on average; 0 strain of powdery mildew occurs, and 0 kilogram of sulfur powder is applied.
The rubber tree managed in the example 4 postpones the leaf falling, and part of the rubber tree overwintering does not fall; harvesting 153kg of dry glue per mu per year on average; 0 strain of powdery mildew occurs, and 0 kilogram of sulfur powder is applied.
In the comparative example 1, the management method has the advantages that the leaves are fallen in dry seasons and overwintering leaves are fallen in the experimental field; harvesting 129kg of dry glue per mu per year on average; 19 powdery mildew occurs, and 2 kilograms of sulfur powder is applied per year.
Comparative example 2 the management method experimentally showed less dry season fallen leaves than comparative example 1, overwintering fallen leaves; harvesting 131kg of dry glue per mu per year on average; powdery mildew occurs 8 strains, and 1kg of sulfur powder is applied per year.
According to the experimental example, the management method disclosed by the invention has the advantages that the nitrogen fertilizer is applied again in 9-11 months, and the water content in the soil is controlled in 12-3 months of the next year, so that the dry-season rubber trees can be effectively prevented from leaf falling, the rubber tapping season is adjusted, the dry-season rubber tapping is realized, the rubber yield is effectively improved, and the economic benefit is obviously improved; in addition, the residual labor force of the glue grower can be better and fully utilized through the adjustment of the glue cutting season, and good social benefit is formed; in addition, the management method can also effectively avoid the occurrence of powdery mildew.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and they should be construed as being included in the following claims and description.
Claims (8)
1. A rubber forest dry season rubber tapping management method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(a) selecting rubber trees planted in dry season areas, and setting rubber tapping seasons to be 1-6 months and 9-12 months;
(b) during 12 months to 3 months in the next year, the water content of the soil is kept to be 8 percent to 18 percent through irrigation;
(c) and (4) repeatedly applying nitrogen fertilizer to the vertical corresponding position of the crown of the rubber tree in the period of 9-11 months.
2. The method for managing according to claim 1, wherein in the step (b), the irrigation water is formulated fertilizer water, and the contents of the effective components in the formulated fertilizer water are as follows:
0.03-0.08 g/kg of nitrate nitrogen, 0.2-0.25% of ammonium nitrogen, 600-650 mg/kg of phosphorus, 1400-1500 mg/kg of potassium, 12-16 mg/kg of calcium, 270-300 mg/kg of magnesium, 0.9-1.2 mg/kg of iron, 0.25-0.4 mg/kg of manganese, 0.9-1.1 mg/kg of copper, 0.9-1.2 mg/kg of zinc, 0.6-0.7 mg/kg of boron, 0.18-0.25 mg/kg of molybdenum, 0.5-0.65 mg/kg of nickel, 12-15 mg/kg of sodium, 2-3 mg/kg of silicon, 0.15-0.2% of sulfur, 8-12 mg/kg of chlorine and 0.9-1.2% of organic matter.
3. The method for managing as claimed in claim 1, wherein the irrigation means in the step (b) comprises a drip irrigation system, a drainage ditch, a hill pond and a water reservoir.
4. The management method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (c), the fertilizing amount of the nitrogen fertilizer is 10-12 kg/mu; the fertilization times are 1-2.
5. The method for managing as claimed in claim 1 or 4, wherein in the step (c), the nitrogen fertilizer is a nitrogen fertilizer dedicated to rubber trees.
6. The method for managing as claimed in claim 1, wherein the dry season areas in the step (a) include Xishuangbanna, Pu' er, Red river, Dehong, Lincang, Vietnam, Burma, Laos and Thailand.
7. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (a), the rubber tree species comprise yunnan 77-2, yunnan 77-4 and GT 1.
8. The management method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (a), during the dry season, the tapping time is 16 pm per day: 00-18: 30, collecting the rubber the next day, and cutting for 2 days and 1 knife.
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