CN116770122A - 金合金 - Google Patents

金合金 Download PDF

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CN116770122A
CN116770122A CN202310251353.8A CN202310251353A CN116770122A CN 116770122 A CN116770122 A CN 116770122A CN 202310251353 A CN202310251353 A CN 202310251353A CN 116770122 A CN116770122 A CN 116770122A
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gold
gold alloy
palladium
platinum
alloy
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J·万诺德
V·菲斯
C·查尔邦
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Nivarox Far SA
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Nivarox Far SA
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C5/00—Alloys based on noble metals
    • C22C5/02—Alloys based on gold
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A44—HABERDASHERY; JEWELLERY
    • A44C—PERSONAL ADORNMENTS, e.g. JEWELLERY; COINS
    • A44C25/00—Miscellaneous fancy ware for personal wear, e.g. pendants, crosses, crucifixes, charms
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A44—HABERDASHERY; JEWELLERY
    • A44C—PERSONAL ADORNMENTS, e.g. JEWELLERY; COINS
    • A44C27/00—Making jewellery or other personal adornments
    • A44C27/001—Materials for manufacturing jewellery
    • A44C27/002—Metallic materials
    • A44C27/003—Metallic alloys
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
    • C23C14/0015—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterized by the colour of the layer
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
    • C23C14/06—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the coating material
    • C23C14/14—Metallic material, boron or silicon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
    • C23C14/22—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the process of coating
    • C23C14/34—Sputtering
    • C23C14/3407—Cathode assembly for sputtering apparatus, e.g. Target
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
    • C23C14/22—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the process of coating
    • C23C14/34—Sputtering
    • C23C14/3407—Cathode assembly for sputtering apparatus, e.g. Target
    • C23C14/3414—Metallurgical or chemical aspects of target preparation, e.g. casting, powder metallurgy
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B17/00—Mechanisms for stabilising frequency
    • G04B17/04—Oscillators acting by spring tension
    • G04B17/06—Oscillators with hairsprings, e.g. balance
    • G04B17/063—Balance construction
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B19/00—Indicating the time by visual means
    • G04B19/04—Hands; Discs with a single mark or the like
    • G04B19/042—Construction and manufacture of the hands; arrangements for increasing reading accuracy
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B19/00—Indicating the time by visual means
    • G04B19/06—Dials
    • G04B19/12—Selection of materials for dials or graduations markings
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B29/00—Frameworks
    • G04B29/02—Plates; Bridges; Cocks
    • G04B29/027—Materials and manufacturing
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B37/00—Cases
    • G04B37/22—Materials or processes of manufacturing pocket watch or wrist watch cases
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B5/00—Automatic winding up
    • G04B5/02—Automatic winding up by self-winding caused by the movement of the watch
    • G04B5/16—Construction of the weights

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Adornments (AREA)
  • Physical Vapour Deposition (AREA)
  • Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种金合金，其包含73重量％至77重量％的金、20重量％至24.5重量％的银、钯和铂这两种元素的总百分比为0.5重量％至5重量％的钯和/或铂。由于钯和/或铂的添加，这种合金具有增强的抗变色性同时具有绿色调。

Description

金合金
技术领域
本发明涉及一种金合金，并且更具体地涉及一种绿金合金。本发明还涉及包括钟表的物品，其整体由该合金制成，或在表面上包含该合金的涂层。
背景技术
对于钟表生产，有色18K金合金是高度受追求的。文献中可用的绿金合金组合物均含有银和任选的锌、铜、镉或这些元素的几种的组合。
大比例的银的添加是用于确保尽可能最强的色调(tint)的主要参数。因此，18K绿金合金最有前途的组成是合金Au750Ag250的组成，其具有75重量％Au和25重量％Ag，也称为银金矿(electrum)。然而，银很快变暗，而这代表了这种合金类别的主要缺点之一。
发明内容
本发明的目的是通过提出具有增强的抗变色性(tarnishing resistance)的新型绿金合金来弥补上述缺点。
为此，已经对金合金的化学组成进行了调整。由此开发的金合金是包含银、钯和/或铂的18克拉合金。
更具体地，所述金合金包含73重量％至77重量％的金、20重量％至24.5重量％的银、钯和铂这两种元素的总百分比为0.5重量％至5重量％的钯和/或铂。
有利地，本发明涉及由金、银和钯组成的三元金合金。任选地，其可以含有少量(即对于所有所述元素都不超过0.05重量％)的选自铱、铼和钌的一种或多种元素。
钯的添加使得获得与银金矿的色调相似的色调同时显著减少合金随时间的变色成为可能。对于铂的添加也观察到类似的效果。
在参考附图阅读下文的具体实施方式后，本发明的进一步特征和优点将变得更加显而易见。
附图说明
图1表示根据本发明的合金和根据现有技术的合金在CIELAB色空间的参数a*和b*。
图2表示根据本发明的合金和两种参比合金(reference alloys)作为时间的函数的颜色(ΔE)变化。
图3表示由根据本发明的金合金制成的表盘。
具体实施方式
本发明涉及一种18克拉金合金，更具体地意在用于制表或首饰领域的应用。因此，本发明还涉及由这种合金制成的钟表或首饰。术语钟表是指表壳部件，如中部、后盖、表壳前圈(bezel)、按钮(push-piece)、表带链节、凸缘(flange)、表盘(dial)、指针、表盘刻度(dial index)、摆锤等，和机芯组件，如钟表夹板(plate)、夹板(bridge)或摆轮。根据本发明，所述钟表或首饰整体由所述金合金制成，或者在表面上包括由所述金合金制成的涂层。在外部表壳部件的情况下，该部件优选涂覆有所述金合金。在内部表壳部件的情况下，所述部件整体由所述金合金制成或涂覆有所述金合金。在涂层的情况下，例如，基底可以由黄铜或金制成，例如18克拉。如图3所示，更具体的例子是整体由所述合金制成或涂覆有所述合金的表盘1。
更一般地，所述金合金可用于任何物品的整体或在表面上。根据本发明的金合金的应用领域还涵盖在涂覆工艺例如物理气相沉积(PVD)中使用的靶材。
根据本发明的金合金包含73重量％至77重量％的金、20重量％至24.5重量％的银、钯和铂这两种元素的总百分比为0.5重量％至5重量％的钯和/或铂。
有利地，所述金合金包含73重量％至77重量％的金、21重量％至24.3重量％的银、钯和铂这两种元素的总百分比为0.7重量％至4重量％的钯和/或铂。
优选地，所述金合金包含73.5重量％至76.5重量％的金、22.5重量％至24.3重量％的银、钯和铂这两种元素的总百分比为0.7重量％至2.5重量％的钯和/或铂。
更优选地，所述金合金包含74重量％至76重量％的金、23.5重量％至24.3重量％的银、钯和铂这两种元素的总百分比为0.7重量％至1.5重量％的钯和/或铂。
此外，所述金合金任选地包含0重量％至0.05重量％(包括端值)的选自铱、铼和钌的一种或多种元素，0重量％至0.05重量％的范围涵盖这种或这些元素的总百分比。有利地，所述金合金包含0.0025重量％的铱。
优选地，所述金合金由金、银、钯和/或铂以及任选的选自铱、铼和钌的一种或多种元素以上述比例组成。
为了制备所述金合金，在铸造前将组合物的不同元素熔化。然后通过槽形轧制、平板轧制、拉拔或拉丝使铸锭成形。其分为几次通过以10％至80％的冷加工率变形，其中任选地在550℃至750℃的温度范围进行中间退火操作达5分钟至30分钟的时间。在下文实施例中，样品在650℃的温度下退火30分钟。冷却后，例如通过机械加工来定制坯料的尺寸。还可以设想坯料处于冷加工状态以便于机械加工，任选地在机械加工之后进行退火操作。
在基底上涂覆有所述金合金的情况下，沉积方法可以是物理气相沉积(PVD)法或化学气相沉积(CVD)法。
在变形和退火后获得的合金或涂层形式的合金在CIELAB色空间(根据CIE No.15、lSO 7724/1、DIN 5033Teil 7、ASTM E-1164标准)中具有-7至1的值a*、优选地-5至0的值a*，以及20至32的值b*、优选地22至30的值b*；值a*和b*一起限定合金的色调。此外，它们具有80至95的值L，值L*a*b*一起限定合金的颜色。根据本发明，重点更具体地放在限定合金的色调的值a*和b*上。根据本发明，所述金合金具有绿色调。
这些金合金在冷加工状态下具有35至60HV1的硬度，优选地40至55HV1的硬度。这些金合金具有15至17的密度。
表1给出了参比银金矿18克拉金合金和根据本发明的四种18克拉金合金的重量组成。对于某些组成，表1中还列出了对于在650℃下退火30分钟变形样品所测量的比色值和硬度(HV1)。使用KONICAMINOLTA CM-2600d分光光度计以光源D65，视角10°来测量比色值T*a*b*。
表1
在退火状态下，观察到硬度的值为45至50HV1的很小变化。
在图1中，观察到钯的添加仅略微地改变了色调，具有与银金矿类似的值a*和b*。
图2表示两种参比样品和根据本发明包含银和钯(钯的重量百分比为2％)的金合金在16天期间的颜色变化ΔE，所述两种参考样品是银金矿和一种2N 18K金(75重量％金、16重量％银和9重量％铜)。ΔE基于值L*a*b*计算如下，其中和/>是指时间0时的值。
注意到钯的添加显著减少了变色，这使得其与2N金相当，或比2N金更不易变色。

Claims (12)

1.金合金，其包含73重量％至77重量％的金、20重量％至24.5重量％的银、钯和铂这两种元素的总百分比为0.5重量％至5重量％的钯和/或铂。
2.根据前一权利要求所述的金合金，其特征在于，所述金合金包含73重量％至77重量％的金、21重量％至24.3重量％的银、钯和铂这两种元素的总百分比为0.7重量％至4重量％的钯和/或铂。
3.根据前述权利要求之一所述的金合金，其特征在于，所述金合金包含73.5重量％至76.5重量％的金、22.5重量％至24.3重量％的银、钯和铂这两种元素的重量总百分比为0.7重量％至2.5重量％的钯和/或铂。
4.根据前述权利要求之一所述的金合金，其特征在于，所述金合金包含74重量％至76重量％的金、23.5重量％至24.3重量％的银、钯和铂这两种元素的总百分比为0.7重量％至1.5重量％的钯和/或铂。
5.根据前述权利要求之一所述的金合金，其特征在于，所述金合金由金、银、钯和/或铂，以及任选的选自铱、铼和钌的一种或多种元素组成，这些一种或多种元素的总百分比为0重量％至0.05重量％。
6.根据前述权利要求之一所述的金合金，其特征在于，所述金合金含有钯而不含铂。
7.根据前述权利要求之一所述的金合金，其特征在于，所述金合金具有15至17的密度。
8.根据前述权利要求之一所述的金合金，其特征在于，所述金合金在CIELAB色空间中具有-7至1的值a*，优选地-5至0的值a*，和20至32的值b*，优选地22至30的值b*。
9.根据前述权利要求之一所述的金合金，其特征在于，所述金合金在退火状态下具有35至60HV1的硬度HV1，优选地40至55HV1的硬度HV1。
10.物品，该物品由根据前述权利要求之一所述的金合金制成，或包含由根据前述权利要求之一所述的金合金制备的涂层。
11.根据前一权利要求所述的物品，其特征在于，所述物品是钟表或首饰。
12.用于在基底上沉积涂层的靶材，所述靶材由根据权利要求1至9之一所述的金合金制成。
CN202310251353.8A 2022-03-18 2023-03-15 金合金 Pending CN116770122A (zh)

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JP3672063B2 (ja) * 1997-07-25 2005-07-13 住友金属鉱山株式会社 ボンディングワイヤ
JP3633222B2 (ja) * 1997-07-25 2005-03-30 住友金属鉱山株式会社 ボンディングワイヤ
JP3329286B2 (ja) * 1998-11-09 2002-09-30 三菱マテリアル株式会社 半導体装置のボンディング用金合金細線
US8449817B2 (en) 2010-06-30 2013-05-28 H.C. Stark, Inc. Molybdenum-containing targets comprising three metal elements
DE112011100491T5 (de) * 2011-06-10 2013-06-13 Tanaka Denshi Kogyo K.K. Bonddraht aus Au-Legierung mit hoher Festigkeit und hoher Dehnungsrate
JP6863657B2 (ja) * 2016-10-19 2021-04-21 重靖 成瀬 宝飾用金合金

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