JP3329286B2 - 半導体装置のボンディング用金合金細線 - Google Patents
半導体装置のボンディング用金合金細線Info
- Publication number
- JP3329286B2 JP3329286B2 JP31751498A JP31751498A JP3329286B2 JP 3329286 B2 JP3329286 B2 JP 3329286B2 JP 31751498 A JP31751498 A JP 31751498A JP 31751498 A JP31751498 A JP 31751498A JP 3329286 B2 JP3329286 B2 JP 3329286B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- ball
- bonding
- gold alloy
- wire
- bonded
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
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- H01L24/02—Bonding areas ; Manufacturing methods related thereto
- H01L24/04—Structure, shape, material or disposition of the bonding areas prior to the connecting process
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- H01L2224/04—Structure, shape, material or disposition of the bonding areas prior to the connecting process
- H01L2224/04042—Bonding areas specifically adapted for wire connectors, e.g. wirebond pads
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Description
ンディングワイヤーとして使用する金合金細線に関する
ものである。
装置のチップとボンディングワイヤーを接続するには、
図1に示されるように、チップ4の周辺部に真空蒸着ま
たはスパッタリングによりAl電極パッド5を形成した
チップ4をボンディング装置に設置し、一方、ボンディ
ングワイヤー2を通したキャピラリー1を前記チップ4
のAl電極パッド5の真上に移動させる。そこでボンデ
ィングワイヤー2の先端を放電により溶融して溶融ボー
ル(図示せず)を形成し、この溶融ボールはただちに放
冷されて凝固し、ボール3が形成される。このボール3
は超音波振動を付与したキャピラリー1によりAl電極
パッド5に押しつけられ、超音波併用熱圧着されて図2
に示されるような圧着ボール31が形成される。
ール31とAl電極パッド5との接合部分にはAl電極
パッド5のAlが圧着ボール31に拡散して、圧着ボー
ルの拡大図である図3に示されるようになAu4 Al、
Au5 Al3 などのAuとAlの金属間化合物層6が形
成される。このAuとAlの金属間化合物層6が成長し
てその厚さを増すと、圧着ボールの拡大側面図である図
4に示されるように、カーケンダル効果によりAl電極
パッド5の近くの圧着ボール31内部にボイド8が発生
し、このボイド8の発生はAl電極パッド5に対する圧
着ボール31の接合強度を著しく低下させる。さらに、
AuとAlの金属間化合物層6が成長して大きくなる
と、AuとAlの金属間化合物層部分は封止樹脂と反応
して腐食が起こりやすいために半導体装置の腐食に対す
る信頼性も低下する。
とAlの金属間化合物層6が生成することが分かってお
り、AuとAlの金属間化合物層6の成長を抑制するに
はPdの添加が有効であるといわれているところから、
Agを含有した金合金にPdを添加したボンディングワ
イヤーが提案されており、このAgを含有した金合金に
Pdを添加したボンディングワイヤーから得られた圧着
ボール31の内部には、圧着ボールの拡大側面図である
図5に示されるようなPdリッチ層7が形成され、この
Pdリッチ層7がAuとAlの金属間化合物層6の成長
抑制に寄与しているといわれている。
ンディングワイヤーの一つとして、Ag:10〜60w
t%、Mn:0.005〜0.8wt%、Pd:0.0
05〜5wt%を含有し、残部Auおよび不可避不純物
からなる組成の金合金細線が知られており(特開平7−
335684号公報参照)、ここでMnの添加は加熱後
の接合強度の低下を抑制するものであるとしている。
g:10〜60wt%、Mn:0.005〜0.8wt
%、Pd:0.005〜5wt%を含有した金合金から
なるボンディングワイヤーは、ボンディングワイヤーの
先端を加熱してボールを形成すると、結晶粒径の大きな
ボールが得られ、この結晶粒径の大きなボールを超音波
併用熱圧着すると、圧着ボールの形状が変形し、圧着ボ
ール31の上から見た形状(拡大側面図である図5のA
−A方向から見た形状)が、図6に示されるように円が
偏平化して楕円形圧着ボール32になりやすい。
イヤーを使用して圧着ボール31を形成するには、通常
よりも高出力で超音波併用熱圧着を行う必要があり、超
音波併用熱圧着を高出力で行うほど圧着ボールの形状が
変形して偏平化した楕円形圧着ボールになりやすい。圧
着ボール31は上から見た(すなわち、図5のA−A方
向から見た)形状が図6の点線で示されるように真円に
ならないと、ワイヤ相互間の距離が益々狭くなるような
ボンディングが求められいる現状では、隣接する圧着ボ
ール31がショートする恐れがあり、十分に信頼性のあ
るボンディングが得られない。
ボンディング時に形成されるボールの結晶粒が微細であ
り、AuとAlの金属間化合物層の形成を抑制して封止
樹脂との反応による腐食を抑制し、さらに圧着ボールの
偏平化を抑制した従来よりも信頼性のあるボンディング
用金合金細線を得るべく研究を行った結果、(a)A
g:1〜50wt.%、Pd:0.8〜5wt.%を含
有する組成を有する金合金に、Tiを0.1〜2wt.
ppm添加すると、キャピラリーに挿入された金合金細
線の先端に形成されるボールの結晶粒径が一層微細化
し、この結晶粒径が微細なボールを超音波併用熱圧着し
て得られた圧着ボールの上から見た形状は真円に近くな
り、さらに、圧着ボールに形成されるAuとAlの金属
間化合物層の成長を抑えることができる、(b)前記
(a)のボンディング用金合金細線に、さらにCa、B
e、Laの内の一種または二種以上:1〜50wt.p
pmを含有せしめると、高温強度が一層向上する、とい
う知見を得たのである。
れたものであって、 (1)Ag:1〜50wt.%、Pd:0.8〜5w
t.%、Ti:0.1〜2wt.ppmを含有し、残り
がAuおよび不可避不純物からなる組成を有する金合金
からなる半導体装置のボンディング用金合金細線。 (2)Ag:1〜50wt.%、Pd:0.8〜5w
t.%、Ti:0.1〜2wt.ppmを含有し、さら
に、Ca、Be、Laの内の一種または二種以上:1〜
50wt.ppmを含有し、残りがAuおよび不可避不
純物からなる組成を有する金合金からなる半導体装置の
ボンディング用金合金細線、に特徴を有するものであ
る。
合金細線に含有する成分組成を前記のごとく限定したの
は下記の理由によるものである。 (a)Ag Agの添加は常温および高温強度を向上させると共に、
金の使用量を減少させて価格を安くするするために添加
されるが、50wt.%を越えて添加すると、生成する
金属間化合物相が変化し、接合強度の信頼性が低下する
ので好ましくなく、一方、1wt.%未満では常温およ
び高温強度を向上させるには不十分である。したがっ
て、Agの含有量は1〜50wt.%に定めた。Agの
含有量の一層好ましい範囲は5〜35wt.%である。
満ではAuとAlの金属間化合物層の成長を抑制する効
果が十分でなく、一方、金合金細線に含まれるPdの含
有量が5wt.%を越えると、得られるボールの硬さが
大きくなり過ぎて超音波併用熱圧着時にチップに割れや
欠けを生じさせるので好ましくない。したがってPdの
含有量を0.8〜5wt.%に定めた。Pdの含有量の
一層好ましい範囲は0.9〜3.0wt.%である。
の微細化および真球性を向上させる成分であるが、それ
らの含有量が0.1wt.ppm未満では、金合金細線
のボンディング時に生成するボールの結晶粒径の微細化
および真球性を得ることができず、したがって得られる
圧着ボールの上から見た真円性向上効果が得られない。
一方、Tiを2wt.ppmを越えて含有させると、ボ
ール拡大側面図である図7に示されるように、ボールの
最下中心部に引け巣9が生じ、圧着ボールの接合性が劣
化するようになるので好ましくない。したがってTiの
含有量を0.1〜2wt.ppmに定めた。Ti成分の
含有量の一層好ましい範囲は0.8〜1.8wt.pp
mである。
付与し、ボンディング時に形成されるループの安定性を
向上させる成分であるので、必要に応じて添加するが、
その含有量が1wt.ppm未満では所望の効果が得ら
れず、一方、50wt.ppmを越えて含有させると、
真円状の圧着ボールが得られなくなるので好ましくな
い。したがってCa、Be、Laの内の1種または2種
以上の含有量を1〜50wt.ppmに定めた。これら
成分の含有量の一層好ましい範囲は10〜30wt.p
pmである。
3に示される成分組成に調整されたAu合金を溶解し、
得られたAu合金溶湯を鋳造し、直径:55mm、長
さ:150mmのビレットを作製した。これらのビレッ
トを溝ロール、単頭伸線機により直径:8mmに減面
し、その後、連続伸線機により直径:25μmの極細線
とした。さらに最終処理として、管状炉において、温度
およびスピードを調整の上、引張り破断試験機で伸びが
4%となるような焼鈍を行ない、本発明Au合金細線1
〜32、比較Au合金細線1〜4および従来Au合金細
線を作製した。
較Au合金細線1〜4および従来Au合金細線につい
て、それぞれ下記に示す試験を行い、各種特性の評価を
行い、その結果を表1〜表3に示した。
および従来Au合金細線の一端をアークにより加熱し放
冷してボールを形成し、このボールの中央部を通る線に
沿って切断し、ボールの平均結晶粒径および引け巣の有
無を測定し、その結果を求めた。
および従来Au合金細線の一端をアークにより加熱し放
冷してボールを形成し、大気中でボールアップし、20
0℃でSi基板のAl電極パッド上の第1接合点にボン
ディングして圧着ボールを形成し、圧着ボールを図5の
A−A方向から見た図6の長径:yおよび短径:xの長
さを測定し、x−yの値を求めて圧着ボールの真円性を
評価した。
および従来Au合金細線でSi基板のAl電極パッドと
リードを接続し、その後、樹脂封止を行った試料を20
0℃で2000時間保持したものについて、4端子法で
電気抵抗を測定し、接触抵抗を含めた抵抗値が1Ω以上
の個所が存在すると不良と判定し、接合不良部の有無を
評価した。
Au合金細線1〜32は従来Au合金細線に比べて、ボ
ールの平均結晶粒径が小さくまた引け巣の発生がなく、
さらに、このボールを超音波併用熱圧着して得られた圧
着ボールのx−yの絶対値が0に近いところから、図5
のA−A方向から見た圧着ボールの真円性にも優れてい
ることが分かる。また、この発明の条件から外れた比較
Au合金細線1〜4には少なくとも一つの好ましくない
特性が現れることが分かる。上述のように、この発明の
金合金細線は、従来よりも信頼性のあるボンディングを
行うことができ、半導体装置産業の発展に大いに貢献し
得るものである。
ールを形成した状態を示す説明図である。
成した状態を示す説明図である。
である。
Claims (2)
- 【請求項1】 Ag:1〜50wt.%、 Pd:0.8〜5wt.%、 Ti:0.1〜2wt.ppm、 を含有し、残りがAuおよび不可避不純物からなる組成
を有する金合金からなることを特徴とする半導体装置の
ボンディング用金合金細線。 - 【請求項2】 Ag:1〜50wt.%、 Pd:0.8〜5wt.%、 Ti:0.1〜2wt.ppm、 を含有し、さらに、 Ca、Be、Laの内の一種または二種以上:1〜50
wt.ppm、を含有し、残りがAuおよび不可避不純
物からなる組成を有する金合金からなることを特徴とす
る半導体装置のボンディング用金合金細線。
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP31751498A JP3329286B2 (ja) | 1998-11-09 | 1998-11-09 | 半導体装置のボンディング用金合金細線 |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP31751498A JP3329286B2 (ja) | 1998-11-09 | 1998-11-09 | 半導体装置のボンディング用金合金細線 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JP2000150562A JP2000150562A (ja) | 2000-05-30 |
JP3329286B2 true JP3329286B2 (ja) | 2002-09-30 |
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Families Citing this family (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2006270075A (ja) * | 2005-02-22 | 2006-10-05 | Nec Electronics Corp | 半導体装置 |
US7595560B2 (en) | 2005-02-22 | 2009-09-29 | Nec Electronics Corporation | Semiconductor device |
KR100801444B1 (ko) | 2006-05-30 | 2008-02-11 | 엠케이전자 주식회사 | 반도체 패키지용 금-은 합금계 와이어 |
TW201028227A (en) * | 2009-01-23 | 2010-08-01 | jun-de Li | Method for manufacturing composite metal wire and product thereof |
JP4771562B1 (ja) | 2011-02-10 | 2011-09-14 | 田中電子工業株式会社 | Ag−Au−Pd三元合金系ボンディングワイヤ |
EP4245871A1 (fr) * | 2022-03-18 | 2023-09-20 | Nivarox-FAR S.A. | Alliage d'or |
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1998
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