CN116710099A - 包含从三尖杉提取物中分离的化合物作为有效成分的用于预防或治疗肺癌的组合物 - Google Patents
包含从三尖杉提取物中分离的化合物作为有效成分的用于预防或治疗肺癌的组合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN116710099A CN116710099A CN202180070807.0A CN202180070807A CN116710099A CN 116710099 A CN116710099 A CN 116710099A CN 202180070807 A CN202180070807 A CN 202180070807A CN 116710099 A CN116710099 A CN 116710099A
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- Medicines Containing Plant Substances (AREA)
Abstract
本公开涉及一种用于预防或治疗肺癌的组合物,其包含从三尖杉提取物中分离的化合物作为有效成分。异三尖杉酯碱是根据本公开的从所述三尖杉提取物中分离的化合物,其可以通过诱导细胞凋亡表现出抑制非小细胞肺癌细胞株生长的效果,从而有效用于预防或治疗肺癌。另外,通过组合处理异三尖杉酯碱和siNR4A1,可提高抗癌活性,并且在组合处理现有抗癌治疗剂顺铂和异三尖杉酯碱时,可通过以低浓度顺铂进行处理来诱导较高的抗癌效果,从而降低抗癌治疗的副作用。
Description
技术领域
本公开涉及一种用于预防或治疗肺癌的组合物,其包含从三尖杉
提取物中分离的化合物作为有效成分。
背景技术
肺癌的发病率很高,并且表现出极高的死亡率。肺癌大致可分为
小细胞肺癌和非小细胞肺癌,其中的80%以上属于非小细胞肺癌。非
小细胞肺癌分为鳞状细胞癌、腺癌和巨细胞癌。针对因难以进行早期
诊断而已无法进行手术或放射治疗的晚期肺癌,或者作为手术或放射
治疗的辅助治疗方法,主要使用抗癌的化疗,但是由于肺癌的生存率
极低,有必要提高治疗效果。
然而,大多数患者不符合治疗条件,针对现有疗法产生耐药性的肺癌患者,仍在进行以顺铂为基础的传统抗癌疗法。因此,该患者群
需要一种新的抗癌剂或可提高抗癌疗法治疗效率的组合疗法。
人体中的实体癌以三维形式增殖,因此其不仅暴露于物理化学应
激,还不同地暴露于氧气和营养物质、代谢物、信号传递物质等。实
体癌的细胞增殖速度快且血管生成不充分,因此大多数实体癌内部都
缺乏氧气和营养素。癌细胞为了在这种环境中生存,出现适应代谢、激活生存途径以及促进血管形成等变化,由于在主要针对细胞程度的
各种癌进行研究时,氧气和营养成分供应充足的状态下的二维细胞培
养中无法进行再现,因此必须在细胞培养中保持与组织的三维结构相
似的状态,以了解人体发生的癌症病理或评价抗癌剂的功效。
抗癌疗法敏感性受细胞间接触(contace)、细胞通讯
(communication)、氧气和物质浓度以及细胞状态等变量的控制,因
此三维肿瘤球体系统(tumorspheroid system)是有效用于抗癌剂研究的模型,并且在处理抗癌剂后的肿瘤球体的细胞反应与体内(in vivo)肿瘤中的细胞反应更相似。
三尖杉是属于三尖杉科(Cephalotaxaceae)的一种树木,其包含三尖杉、Cephalotaxus harringtonia var.nana(Nakai)Rehder、Cephalotaxus harringtonia(knight)K.koch、Cephalotaxus harringtonia var.fastigiata等。三尖杉是朝鲜半岛的特有品种,主要分布于中部地区以南,已知其还在中国、日本等东亚地区和喜马拉雅等地生长。其为常绿针叶树,通常树高达3米左右、树皮呈黑褐色并纵向开裂。韩医药学将三尖杉的红色果实称作土香榧,主要用于驱虫剂、便秘、咳嗽、痰以及保健等。
本发明人证实从三尖杉提取物中分离的化合物具有预防或治疗肺癌的效果,从而完成了本发明。
发明内容
技术问题
本公开的技术问题在于提供一种用于预防或治疗肺癌的组合物与保健功能食品组合物,其包含从三尖杉提取物中分离的化合物作为有效成分。
技术方案
为解决上述问题,本发明提供一种用于预防或治疗肺癌的组合物,其包含从三尖杉提取物中分离的化合物作为有效成分。
所述三尖杉可以是选自由Cephalotaxus koreana、Cephalotaxus fortunei、Cephalotaxus griffithii、Cephalotaxus hainanensis、Cephalotaxus lanceolata、Cephalotaxus latifolia、Cephalotaxus mannii、篦子三尖杉(Cephalotaxus oliveri)、Cephalotaxus sinensis以及台湾三尖杉(Cephalotaxus wilsoniana)组成的组中的至少一种。
所述提取物可以通过使用水、C1至C4醇或其混合溶剂来提取。
所述分离的化合物可以是选自由异三尖杉酯碱、三尖杉酯碱、高三尖杉酯碱、去甲脱氧三尖杉酯碱以及高脱氧三尖杉酯碱组成的组中的至少一种。
所述肺癌可以是非小细胞肺癌或对表皮生长因子受体络氨酸激酶抑制剂(EGFR-TKI)表现出耐药性的肺癌。
所述组合物可以通过细胞凋亡(apoptosis)抑制肿瘤球体(tumor spheroid)的生长。
所述组合物可以进一步包含siNR4A1。
所述组合物可以进一步包含顺铂。
另外,本公开提供一种用于预防或治疗肺癌的保健功能食品组合物,其包含从三尖杉提取物中分离的化合物作为有效成分。
所述分离的化合物可以是选自由异三尖杉酯碱、三尖杉酯碱、高三尖杉酯碱、去甲脱氧三尖杉酯碱以及高脱氧三尖杉酯碱组成的组中的至少一种。
另外,本公开提供一种预防或治疗肺癌的方法,其包括向人类之外的个体施用从三尖杉提取物中分离的化合物的步骤。
有益效果
异三尖杉酯碱是根据本公开的从所述三尖杉提取物中分离的化合物,其可以通过诱导细胞凋亡表现出抑制非小细胞肺癌细胞株生长的效果,从而有效用于预防或治疗肺癌。
另外,通过组合处理异三尖杉酯碱和siNR4A1,可提高抗癌活性,并且在组合处理现有抗癌治疗剂顺铂和异三尖杉酯碱时,可通过处理低浓度顺铂诱导较高的抗癌效果,从而降低抗癌治疗的副作用。
附图说明
图1示出从三尖杉提取物中分离的异三尖杉酯碱(IHT)的色谱图和化学结构。
图2示出异三尖杉酯碱(IHT)抑制非小细胞肺癌细胞株生长的效果。
图3示出异三尖杉酯碱(IHT)诱导p21蛋白增加的效果。
图4示出异三尖杉酯碱(IHT)抑制肿瘤球体生长的效果和诱导细胞死亡的效果。
图5示出证实在肿瘤球体中诱导的细胞凋亡的图。
图6示出分析异三尖杉酯碱(IHT)的细胞凋亡诱导机制的图。
图7示出组合处理异三尖杉酯碱(IHT)和siNR4A1的效果的图。
图8示出组合处理异三尖杉酯碱(IHT)和顺铂的效果的图。
具体实施方式
本发明人证实从三尖杉提取物中分离的化合物具有预防或治疗肺癌的效果,从而完成了本发明。
具体地,本公开涉及一种用于预防或治疗肺癌的药物组合物,其包含从三尖杉提取物中分离的化合物作为有效成分。
本公开的“三尖杉”是三尖杉科(Cephalotaxaceae)的一种树木,其可以是选自由Cephalotaxus koreana、Cephalotaxus fortunei、Cephalotaxus griffithii、Cephalotaxus hainanensis、Cephalotaxus lanceolata、Cephalotaxus latifolia、Cephalotaxus mannii、篦子三尖杉、Cephalotaxus sinensis以及台湾三尖杉组成的组中的至少一种。在本公开的制备例中,使用了Cephalotaxus koreana。
所述三尖杉可以使用野生三尖杉或市售三尖杉中的任一个,并且可以使用三尖杉的根、茎、叶或花,但不限于此。
所述提取物可以通过使用所属领域已知的常规提取方法来提取,例如过滤法、热水提取、浸渍提取、回流冷却提取和超声提取,但不限于此。所述提取物可以通过使用水、C1至C4醇或其混合溶剂,从三尖杉中提取,但不限于此。在将低级醇作为提取溶剂时,更优选选自甲醇或乙醇。本公开的所述提取物不仅包含藉由上述提取溶剂的提取物,还包含通过常规的其他提取方法来获得的提取物或经纯化和发酵过程的提取物。藉由二氧化碳的减压、藉由高温超临界提取法的提取、利用超声波提取法的提取、利用具有一定截断分子量值的超滤膜进行的分离、藉由各种色谱分离或自然状态或利用各种微生物的发酵产物得到的提取物等、通过各种纯化和提取方法得到的活性级分也包含在本公开的提取物中。
所述分离出的化合物可以是选自由异三尖杉酯碱(Isoharringtonine)、三尖杉酯碱(Harringtonine)、高三尖杉酯碱(Homoharringtonine)、去甲脱氧三尖杉酯碱(Nordeoxyharringtonine)以及高脱氧三尖杉酯碱(Homodeoxyharringtonine)组成的组中的至少一种,但不限于此。
本公开的“异三尖杉酯碱”具有以下化学式1的结构。在本公开的制备例中,从三尖杉叶提取物中分离出异三尖杉酯碱,并使用分离出的异三尖杉酯碱评价了抗癌活性。
化学式1
本公开的“三尖杉酯碱”为2-羟基-2-(3-羟基-3-甲基丁基)丁二酸1-[(3S)-3-脱氧头孢紫杉醇-3-Yl]4-甲酯(2-Hydroxy-2-(3-Hydroxy-3-Methylbutyl)ButanedioicAcid1-[(3S)-3-Deoxycephalotaxine-3-Yl]4-Methyl Ester),分子式为C28H37NO9,并且具有以下化学式2的结构。
化学式2
本公开的“高三尖杉酯碱”的分子式为C29H39NO9,并且具有以下化学式3的结构。
化学式3
本公开的“去甲脱氧三尖杉酯碱”的分子式为C27H35NO8,并且具有以下化学式4的结构。
化学式4
本公开的“高脱氧三尖杉酯碱”的分子式为C29H39NO8,并且具有以下化学式5的结构。
化学式5
本公开的“肺癌”可以是非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC,Non-small cell lung cancer)或对表皮生长因子受体络氨酸激酶抑制剂表现出耐药性的肺癌,但不限于此。
所述非小细胞肺癌是一种上皮肿瘤(carcinoma),其指代除小细胞肺癌(smallcell lung cancer)以外的所有上皮性肺癌(epithelial lung cancer),约占所有肺癌的85%至90%。相较于小细胞肺癌,非小细胞肺癌对化疗(chemotherapy)的敏感性相对较低,并根据TNM分类法对癌症分期:肿瘤的大小(the size of tumor)、癌症扩散到区域淋巴结(reginal lymphnode)的程度以及是否出现癌症转移(metastasis)。在非小细胞肺癌的治疗中,由于非转移性(non-metastatic)非小细胞肺癌初期对化疗和放疗的敏感性极低,因此通常会与含铂的顺铂相关的辅助性化疗一同进行手术。与此相反,在经过初期阶段后发展成转移性非小细胞肺癌时,会使用各种化疗。非小细胞肺癌的症状包含持续咳嗽、胸痛、体重下降、指甲损伤、关节痛以及呼吸急促(shortness of breath)等,但通常非小细胞肺癌进行得较为缓慢,因此初期几乎不会出现上述症状。在本公开的一实施例中,使用非小细胞肺癌细胞株A549和NCI-H460进行了异三尖杉酯碱的抗癌活性试验。
在本公开的一实施例中,对表示秀丽隐杆线虫(C.elegans)增殖的多产卵器(multivulva)进行检测的结果显示,在处理高浓度的异三尖杉酯碱时抑制多产卵器,并且在组合处理低浓度异三尖杉酯碱和siNR4A1时,具有很好地抑制多产卵器的效果,其中,秀丽隐杆线虫表达对表皮生长因子受体络氨酸激酶抑制剂具有耐药性的EGFR-L858R,T790M(实施例4)。因此,本公开的组合物可适用于对表皮生长因子受体络氨酸激酶抑制剂表现出耐药性的肺癌细胞。
在本公开的一实施例中,观察了异三尖杉酯碱抑制肿瘤球体生长的效果和诱导细胞死亡的效果(图4),并证实在肿瘤球体中诱导的细胞死亡为细胞凋亡(apoptosis)(图5)。另外,证实细胞凋亡是通过激活经由线粒体的内源性途径而诱导的(图6)。
另外,在本公开的一实施例中,证实了除了以高浓度处理异三尖杉酯碱之外,在以低浓度进行处理的同时组合处理siNR4A1可表现出抗癌活性(图7),并且证实在组合处理现有抗癌剂顺铂和异三尖杉酯碱时,能够以低浓度的顺铂诱导高抗癌效果(图8)。
本公开的药物组合物能够以药学上的有效量施用。本说明书的术语“药学上的有效量”是指能够以可适用于医学治疗的合理收益/风险比例来治疗疾病的充分的量,有效量水平可根据个体类型和严重程度、年龄、性别、疾病类型、药物活性、对药物的敏感性、施用时间、施用途径和释放比例、治疗时间、包括一同使用的药物在内的因素以及医学领域已知的其他因素所决定。本公开的组合物能够以单独的治疗剂施用,或与其他治疗剂组合施用,或与现有的治疗剂依次或同时施用。另外,可以单独或多重施用。考虑到上诉因素,重要的是在不产生副作用的情况下施用能够以最少的量获得最大效果的量,所属领域的技术人员可容易地确定所述量。
只要个体的目标是治疗或预防呼吸道疾病,本公开的药物组合物就不受限制地适用于任何个体。例如,猴、狗、猫、兔、豚鼠、大鼠、小鼠、牛、羊、猪、山羊等非人类动物,以及人类、鸟类和鱼类都可以使用所述药物组合物,所述药物组合物可通过肠胃外、皮下、腹腔内、肺内以及鼻腔内施用,并且可根据需要经包括病变内施用在内的适当的方法来施用,以用于局部治疗。本公开的所述药物组合物的优选施用量根据个体的状态和体重、患病程度、药物形式、施用途径以及施用期限而不同,但所属领域的技术人员可进行适当选择。例如,可以通过口服、直肠或静脉、肌肉、皮下、子宫内膜或脑血管内注射来施用,但不限于此。
所述药物组合物可以具有选自由片剂、丸剂、散剂、颗粒剂、胶囊剂、悬浮剂、内服剂、乳剂、糖浆剂、灭菌水溶液、非水溶液剂、悬浮剂、乳剂、冷冻干燥剂以及佐剂组成的组中的任一剂型,并且可具有口服或肠胃外的各种剂型。在进行配制时,通过常规使用的填充剂、增量剂、粘合剂、润湿剂、崩解剂以及表面活性剂等稀释剂或赋形剂来制备。
用于口服施用的固体制剂包括片剂、丸剂、散剂、颗粒剂、胶囊剂等,这种固体制剂可通过混合至少一种赋形剂来制备,例如淀粉、碳酸钙、蔗糖(sucrose)或乳糖(lactose)、明胶等。另外,除了简单的赋形剂之外,还可以使用硬脂酸镁、滑石粉等润滑剂。用于口服施用的液体制剂可以例举悬浮剂、内用液剂、乳剂、糖浆剂等,除了水、液体石蜡等常用的稀释剂以外,还可以包括各种赋形剂,例如润湿剂、甜味剂、芳香剂以及保存剂等。用于肠胃外施用的制剂包括无菌水溶液、非水溶液剂、悬浮剂、乳剂、冻干剂以及栓剂。非水溶液剂、悬浮剂可使用丙二醇、聚乙二醇、橄榄油等植物油,油酸乙酯等可注射酯等。栓剂的基质可使用合成脂肪酸酯(witepsol)、聚乙二醇、吐温(tween)61、可可脂、月桂脂肪、甘油明胶等。
适当的每日剂量可以在正确的医学判断范围内由主治医师决定,通常能够将0.001mg/kg至1000mg/kg的量,优选0.05mg/kg至200mg/kg,更优选0.1至100mg/kg的量以每天一次或分成数次来施用。
另外,本公开涉及一种用于预防或治疗肺癌的保健功能食品组合物,其包含从三尖杉提取物中分离的化合物作为有效成分。
本说明书中的术语“保健功能食品”是指,利用具有对人体有用的功能的原料或成分制备和加工成片剂、胶囊剂、粉剂、颗粒剂、液体剂和丸剂等形式的食品。其中,功能性是指针对人体结构和功能获得调节营养素或生理学作用等保健用途有益的效果。本公开的保健功能食品可通过所属领域常规使用的方法来制备,在进行所述制备时,可以通过添加所属领域常规添加的原料和成分来制备。另外,与一般的药物不同,由于其原料为食品,因此可避免长期服用时可能发生的副作用等,并且携带性优异。
本公开的食品组合物可以包含丸剂、散剂、颗粒剂、浸剂、片剂、胶囊或液体剂等形式,食品类型无特别限制,例如可以是各种饮料、口香糖、茶、维生素复合物、保健辅助食品类等。
除了从三尖杉提取物中分离的化合物之外,还可以在所述食品组合物中添加其他成分,并且其类型无特别限制。例如,其可以作为附加成分包含常规的食品等各种草药提取物、食品学上可接受的食品补充添加剂或天然碳水化合物等,但不限于此。
本说明书的术语“食品补充添加剂”是指可以补充添加到食品中的组分,其在制备各种剂型的保健功能食品时添加到其中,所属领域的技术人员可通过适当选择来使用。食品补充添加剂的实例包括各种营养素、维生素、矿物质(电解质)、合成调味剂和天然调味剂等调味剂、着色剂和填充剂、果胶酸及其盐、海藻酸及其盐、有机酸、保护性胶体增稠剂、pH调节剂、稳定剂、防腐剂、甘油、醇、用于碳酸饮料的碳酸化剂等,但本发明的食品补充添加剂类型不限于此。
所述天然碳水化合物的实例可以有效使用葡萄糖、果糖等单糖,麦芽糖、蔗糖等双糖,糊精和环糊精等多糖,木糖醇、山梨醇、赤藓糖醇等糖醇,作为除上述成分之外增香剂的天然增香剂(索马甜等),甜菊糖提取物(莱苞迪甙A、甘草糖苷等)和合成增香剂(糖精、阿斯巴甜等)。
另外,本公开涉及一种预防或治疗肺癌的方法,其包括向人类之外的个体施用从三尖杉提取物中分离的化合物的步骤。
具体实施方式
以下,通过实施例进一步详细描述本公开的技术特征和效果。上述实施例仅用于示例性描述本公开,本公开的范围不限于此。
制备例:三尖杉提取物与异三尖杉酯碱的分离
在三尖杉中Cephalotaxus koreana的1.5kg叶子中加入15L的甲醇后,在180分钟内用超声波提取器提取2次,然后用2号滤纸过滤提取液,通过减压浓缩得到的滤液获得甲醇提取物。将甲醇提取物(228g)悬浮于水中,然后利用己烷、乙酸乙酯和丁醇按极性依次分馏,得到丁醇可溶物。然后,利用硅胶柱色谱以以下数学式1的溶剂条件洗脱丁醇可溶物(67g),得到共10个级分。
数学式1
CH2Cl2-MeOH=20∶1→10∶1
数学式2
ACN-碳酸铵=30∶70→50∶50
利用硅胶CC再次以上述数学式1的溶剂条件洗脱上述10个级分中的第四个级分,得到共20个级分。利用RP-HPLC(ODS H-80,250x20mm ID)以上述数学式2的溶剂条件连续分离20个级分中的第九个级分,得到71mg的以下结构式1的异三尖杉酯碱。通过核磁共振进行分析,并与已报告的光谱数据(Weisleder,D.,R.G.Powell,and C.R.Smith Jr.,Carbon-13nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of cephalotaxus alkaloids.OrganicMagnetic Resonance,1980,13(2).114-115)进行比较后确定了IHT结构。
化学式1
分离出的异三尖杉酯碱为白色粉末,为ESI-MS532[M+H]+,分子式为C28H37NO9。核磁共振谱(NMR spectrum)如下。1H-NMR(500MHz,CD3OD)δ6.62(1H,s,H-17),6.58(1H,s,H-14),5.97(1H,d,J=9.7Hz,H-3),5.82(1H,d,J=1.1Hz,H-18a),5.72(1H,d,J=1.1Hz,H-18b),5.16(1H,s,H-16),3.85(1H,d,J=9.8Hz,H-4),3.24(1H,1H,m),3.19(1H,m,H-8a),2.91(1H,m,H-11a),2.84(1H,td,J=11.7,7.2Hz,H-10a),2.60(2H,m,H-8b,H-10b),2.39(1H,dd,J=14.4,6.9Hz,H-11b),1.98(1H,m,H-7a),1.90(1H,m,H-6a),1.78(1H,m,H-6b),1.40(2H,m,H-1"b,H-3"),1.20(1H,m,H-2"a),0.98(1H,m,H-2"b),0.82(1H,d,J=6.7Hz,H-4"),0.81(1H,d,J=6.7Hz,H-5");13CNMR(125MHz,CD3OD)173.5(C-1'),172.9(C-4'),160.1(C-2),148.1(C-15),147.1(C-16),134.3(C-13),129.9(C-12),114.2(C-14),110.9(C-17),102.0(C-18),100.6(C-1),80.7(C-2'),75.9(C-3),75.3(C-3'),72.2(C-5),57.7(C-19),56.2(C-4),54.5(C-8),52.2(C-5'),49.8(C-10),43.7(C-6),34.8(C-1"),32.7(C-2"),32.0(C-11),29.4(C-3"),23.2(C-4"),22.7(C-5"),20.7(C-7)。
实施例1:异三尖杉酯碱(IHT)抑制非小细胞肺癌细胞株生长的效果
将A549和NCI-H460细胞株以7000个/孔、1500个/孔的量放入96孔超低附着板(well ultra-low attachment)(ULA)中,然后以1000rpm离心10分钟。然后,在混合有0.5%基底膜基质(Matrigel)、10%胎牛血清(FBS,Fetal Bovine Serum)、1×青霉素-链霉素(penicillin-streptomycin)的RPMI(Roswell Park Memorial Institute)1640培养基中培养2天。用IHT进行处理,经过72小时后,利用CellTiter-Glo 3D(Promega,美国威斯康星州麦迪逊市(Madison,WI,USA))试剂检测细胞生长程度,将二维培养细胞暴露于所示浓度的IHT中48小时后,用CellTiter-Glo试剂检测了细胞生长。通过GraphPad Prism分析IHT的平均有效量ED50的量效曲线,并将其结果示于图2。比例尺为100μm,所有数据均表示为平均±标准偏差。
参见图2,当对NCI-H460的三维肿瘤球体进行IHT处理时,证实肿瘤球体的生长剂量依赖性地受到抑制,并且平均有效量(ED50)为0.143±0.04μM(图2A、2C、2E)。虽然也诱导A549肿瘤球体的生长抑制,但效果略逊于NCI-H460,并且ED50预测为9.6±1.12μm(图2B、2D、2F)。另外,证实在二维培养中IHT更有效地剂量依存性降低两个细胞株的细胞增殖,计算出的NCI-H460的ED50为0.094±0.02μM,A549的ED50为0.481±0.05μM。
由此,证实异三尖杉酯碱表现出抑制非小细胞肺癌细胞株生长的效果。
实施例2:异三尖杉酯碱(IHT)诱导p21蛋白增加的效果
二维培养NCI-H460细胞株并处理所示浓度的IHT48小时后,进行蛋白质印迹以检测p21蛋白的变化,并将其结果示于图3。
将细胞溶于含蛋白酶抑制剂、磷酸酶抑制剂、苯甲基磺酰氟(PMSF,phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride)、二硫苏糖醇(DTT,dithiothreitol)的放射免疫沉淀(RIPA,radio immunoprecipitation)缓冲液中备用,并利用微BCA检测试剂盒对蛋白质浓度进行定量。通过含十二烷基硫酸钠(Sodium dodecyl sulphate)的聚丙烯酰胺(polyacrylamide)凝胶电泳等量的蛋白质以进行分离,然后将其转移至聚偏二氟乙烯(PVDF,polyvinylidene difluoride)膜。用含5%-TBST(tris buffered saline withTween20)奶的溶液进行封闭,并在4℃下暴露于一抗中16小时。
使用的抗体如下:β-肌动蛋白(sc-477778),p53(sc-126),Bax(sc-526)(Santacruz Biotechnology);cleaved caspase-7(Asp198)(#9491),裂解核糖聚合酶(cleaved poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase(PARP))(#9541),XIAP(X chromosome-linkedinhibitor of apoptosis)(#2045),生存素(Survivin)(#2808),p21(#2947),phospho-Akt(#9275),cleaved caspase-9(#9501),caspase-9(#9502),caspas-8(#9746),phospho-Stat3(#9145)(Cell Signaling Technology)。
然后,用TBSP洗涤膜,并在常温下暴露于结合有HRP(辣根过氧化物酶,horseradish peroxidase,圣克鲁斯生物技术公司(Santacruz Biotechnology))的该二抗中1小时,进行洗涤后使用ECL(增强型化学发光,enhanced chemiluminescence,安玛西亚公司(Amersham))试剂盒进行显影后观察条带。
参见图3,证实NCI-H460细胞株在低浓度下也有效地抑制细胞生长,并且G1-S细胞周期抑制剂p21在小于或等于ED50的低浓度下增加。通过上述结果,作为一种IHT抑制细胞生长的机制,提出其抑制由p21诱导引起的G1-S细胞周期转换。
实施例3:异三尖杉酯碱(IHT)抑制肿瘤球体生长的效果和诱导细胞死亡的效果
1.IHT抑制肿瘤球体生长的效果和诱导细胞死亡的效果
对NCI-H460的三维肿瘤球体处理IHT后,对A549的三维肿瘤球体组合处理siNR4A1和IHT,然后观察抑制肿瘤球体生长的效果和诱导细胞死亡的效果。对NCI-H460以及用阴性对照组(siNC)或siNR4A1进行处理的A549肿瘤球体,处理每个浓度的IHT,然后在48小时、72小时后利用CellTiter-Glo三维细胞活力检测试剂盒(CellTiter-Glo 3D Cell viabilityassay kit,Promega)检测细胞生长。在A549细胞中,利用脂质体2000(Invitrogen)对20MsiRNA进行转染(transfection),并且混合使用了SEQ ID NO:1(5'-GAGCUAUUCCAUGCCUACG-3')和SEQ ID NO:2(5'-GGAUACUGGAUACACCCGU-3')的siNR4A1。
用描述的IHT处理NCI-H460和A549肿瘤球体72小时后,利用细胞活性/细胞毒性试剂盒(Viability/Cytotoxicity,赛默飞世尔科技公司(Thermo Scientific))观察了细胞死亡。活细胞被绿色荧光标记的钙黄绿素-AM染色,死细胞被红色荧光标记的EthD-1(ethidium homodimer-1)染色,并使用Operetta的高内涵筛选技术(HCS,High ContentScreening)系统以100倍拍摄图像后将其结果示于图4。比例尺为200μm,所有数据均表示为平均±标准偏差。*P<0.05,与对照组相比表现出显著差异。
参见图4,在处理1uM、3uM、5uM的IHT经过48小时、72小时后进行观察时,证实在所有浓度下有效地抑制NCI-H460肿瘤球体的生长(图4A)以及诱导细胞死亡(图4B),在用siNR4A1处理A549时,仅处理IHT时的抑制生长效果不显着,但当利用siRNA进一步抑制NR4A1表达时,在低浓度(1uM)下也能够表现出迅速的抑制生长效果(图4A)。另外,证实仅用IHT处理A549时未诱导细胞死亡,但在进一步抑制NR4A1表达时,以低浓度(1uM)也能够迅速诱导细胞死亡(图4C)。
2.确认在肿瘤球体中诱导的细胞凋亡
设计了一门实验,以确定在三维肿瘤球体中诱导的细胞死亡是否是细胞凋亡。对NCI-H460的三维肿瘤球体处理IHT后,对A549的三维肿瘤球体组合处理siNR4A1和IHT,然后观察了诱导细胞凋亡的效果。用所示浓度的IHT处理NCI-H460以及用siRNA处理的A549肿瘤球体72小时后,利用细胞死亡检测ELISA试剂盒(Cell Death detection ELISA kit)检测了细胞凋亡。另外,用IHT处理72小时后,从肿瘤球体中分离出单个细胞并用Annexin V和7-AAD进行染色,然后用流式细胞仪进行了分析。细胞凋亡为处于Annexin V-阳性/7-氨基放线菌素(7-AAD)-阴性的初期细胞凋亡和Annexin V/7-AAD均为阳性的晚期细胞凋亡过程的细胞比例,其示出发生细胞凋亡的细胞比例(图5)。所有数据均表示为平均值±标准偏差,*P<0.05,与对照组相比表现出显著差异,**P<0.01,与对照组相比表现出显著差异。
参见图5,通过细胞死亡检测ELISA试剂盒证明在上述图4中观察的细胞死亡为细胞凋亡(图5A),细胞死亡检测ELISA试剂盒检测在诱导细胞凋亡时生成的核小体(nucleosome)周围的DNA片段量。在NCI-H460肿瘤球体中,当与在所述图4中观察的细胞死亡相同的方式处理IHT时,细胞凋亡也剂量依赖性地从1uM开始增加。与此相反,在A549肿瘤球体中,当与在上述图3中观察的细胞死亡相同的方式仅处理IHT时未诱导细胞凋亡,但是同时处理siNR4A1时细胞凋亡在低浓度下(1uM)也迅速增加。
另外,利用Annexin V在细胞凋亡初期暴露在细胞膜外的现象,用Annexin V对细胞进行染色,并用渗透到死细胞内的7-氨基放线菌素(D7-AAD,7-Amino-Actinomycin D)进行染色,然后通过流式细胞仪进行分析后示出细胞凋亡和细胞死亡,结果观察到在NCI-H460肿瘤球体中处理IHT时细胞凋亡增加。在A549肿瘤球体中,当仅处理IHT时未诱导细胞凋亡,但同时处理siNR4A1时,细胞凋亡在低浓度(1uM)下也会迅速增加。
3.分析异三尖杉酯碱(IHT)的细胞凋亡诱导机制
在通过内源性(intrinsic)途径诱导细胞凋亡方面,关键过程是由于线粒体膜电位的变化,线粒体内部的细胞色素C(cytochrome C)向外部释放。为了检测线粒体膜电位的变化,在处理48小时后将肿瘤球体分离成单个细胞,然后用JC-1进行染色,并利用流式细胞术检测了线粒体受损的细胞比例。意味着线粒体膜电位降低的JC-1示出以单个形式存在的细胞比例。另外,在对NCI-H460以及用阴性对照组(siNC)siRNA进行预处理的A549肿瘤球体,处理IHT48小时后,通过蛋白质印迹法分析了细胞凋亡相关的蛋白质变化,并将其结果示于图6。所有数据均表示为平均值±标准偏差,*P<0.05,与对照组相比表现出显著差异。
参见图6,在NCI-H460肿瘤球体中处理3uM的IHT时,诱导了线粒体膜电位变化,并且在对A549同时处理IHT和siNR4A1时,在低浓度(1uM)下也诱导了线粒体膜电位降低(图6A)。这是证明IHT通过激活经由线粒体的内源性途径而诱导细胞凋亡的结果。
当激活内源性途径时pro-caspase-9被分解,从而激活caspase-9,并且在激活外在细胞凋亡途径时caspase-8被激活,如图6所示,通过观察到在处理IHT(NCI-H460),IHT+siRNA(A549)时caspase-9被分解,证明了内源性细胞凋亡途径被激活。此外,证实IHT除了在NCI-H460肿瘤球体中使诱导细胞死亡的p53增加,以及使对细胞生存非常重要的phospho-Akt减少之外,还使对抑制内源性四包凋亡起着重要作用的Bcl-2、Mcl-1减少,以及诱导抑制caspase的Survivin,XIAP减少。在组合处理IHT和siRNA的A549肿瘤球体中,phopho-Akt减少的同时也诱导了Mcl-1和XIAP减少。
通过上述结果,证实IHT通过激活经由线粒体的内源性途径而诱导细胞凋亡。
实施例4:组合处理异三尖杉酯碱(IHT)和siNR4A1的效果
当非小细胞肺癌的患者发生表皮生长因子受体(EGFR,epidermal growth factorreceptor)的exon21突变(L858R)时,表皮生长因子受体络氨酸激酶抑制剂(tyrosinekinase inhibitor)的治疗效果优异。但是,很快就会产生耐药性,其中一个机制是因为EGFR发生第二次突变(L858R,T790M)。具有EGFR双突变(L858R,T790M)的秀丽隐杆线虫发生细胞增殖(形成多产卵器),观察了在处理IHT时是否可以抑制细胞增殖。这引入了可在对用作人类肺癌治疗剂的表皮生长因子受体络氨酸激酶抑制剂具有耐药性的细胞中观察到的基因突变,是能够预测对表皮生长因子受体络氨酸激酶抑制剂具有耐药性的肺癌治疗效果的体内系统。
为了确认在处理高浓度IHT或组合处理低浓度IHT和siNR4A1时的体内抗癌活性,用所示浓度的液体培养基处理jgIs25(EGFR T790M-L858R)的L1幼虫,然后计数和示出具有多产卵器的成虫数。对秀丽隐杆线虫jgIs25处理IHT后,通过微分干涉反差显微镜(DIC)进行观察。箭头头部;正常产卵器,箭头;显示过度增殖的多产卵器(Muv),将0.5% DMSO用作对照组。另外,将jgIs2 L4幼虫转移到DMSO、nhr-6RNAi、IHT或nhr-6RNAi+IHT培养基中,计算并示出具有都产卵器的F1成虫数。将0.1% DMSO用作对照组,处理5μM IHT。**P<0.01以及***P<0.001,数据表示为平均值±标准误差。
另外,将A549细胞(5×106)接种到无胸腺裸鼠的背部侧面后,在肿瘤大小达到100mm3至150mm3时,将siRNA(50pmole)和IHT(500ng)分别以每周一次、每周两次施用于肿瘤内共4周,然后每周两次监测肿瘤大小,并通过以下数学式3计算了肿瘤体积。数据表示为平均值±标准误差,#P<0.05,表示在比较siNC+veh组和siNC+IHT组时有显著差异,*P<0.05,表示在比较siNC+veh组和siNR4A1+IHT组时有显著差异。
数学式3
V(mm3)=length x width x width/2
参见图7,当对秀丽隐杆线虫jgIs25菌株处理IHT时,在低浓度下(5uM)未抑制多产卵器形成,但是在高浓度下显着抑制多产卵器形成(图7A)。另外,NR4A1基因的秀丽隐杆线虫着丝粒为sinhr-6基因,在低的IHT浓度下处理sinhr-6时,多产卵器的形成显著受到抑制,基于此预测到在高浓度的IHT或组合使用低浓度的IHT和siNR4A1时,对表皮生长因子受体络氨酸激酶抑制剂诱发耐药性的肺癌有效(图7B)。另外,通过对A549细胞株处理低浓度的IHT(20μg/kg)和siNR4A1,观察肿瘤抑制效果(图7C)。
通过上述结果,确认到除了在用高浓度IHT进行处理时之外,还在用低浓度IHT和siNR4A1组合处理时也表现出抗癌活性。
实施例5:组合处理异三尖杉酯碱(IHT)和顺铂的效果
培养肿瘤球体三天后,组合处理浓度的顺铂和IHT三天后检测细胞生长程度,并将其结果示于图8。P<0.05,与对照组相比表现出显著差异,#P<0.05,与1μM IHT相比表现出显著差异,*P<0.05,与10μM IHT相比表现出显著差异。
参见图8,可以确认到在30μM的高浓度顺铂下诱导显著但微弱的生长抑制,但是在组合处理1μM IHT时抑制约48%的细胞生长。当用10μM IHT处理时,细胞生长受到非常有效的抑制,当组合处理低浓度的10μM顺铂时,细胞生长受到更强烈的抑制。即,证实当用IHT组合处理对顺铂敏感性低的A549肿瘤球体时诱导细胞死亡。本实施例证实了顺铂作为敏化剂的效果,以及在组合处理时能够以低浓度的顺铂诱导极好的效果,从而可以期待减轻副作用的效果。
<110> 国立癌中心
<120> 包含从三尖杉提取物中分离的化合物作为有效成分的用于预防或治疗肺癌的组合物
<130> DP20200200
<160> 2
<170> KoPatentIn 3.0
<210> 1
<211> 19
<212> RNA
<213> Artificial Sequence
<220>
<223> siNR4A1_1
<400> 1
gagcuauucc augccuacg 19
<210> 2
<211> 19
<212> RNA
<213> Artificial Sequence
<220>
<223> siNR4A1_2
<400> 2
ggauacugga uacacccgu 19
Claims (11)
1.一种用于预防或治疗肺癌的组合物,其包含从三尖杉提取物中分离的化合物作为有效成分。
2.根据权利要求1所述的药物组合物,其特征在于,所述三尖杉是选自由Cephalotaxuskoreana、Cephalotaxus fortunei、Cephalotaxus griffithii、Cephalotaxushainanensis、Cephalotaxus lanceolata、Cephalotaxus latifolia、Cephalotaxusmannii、篦子三尖杉、Cephalotaxus sinensis以及台湾三尖杉组成的组中的至少一种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的药物组合物,其特征在于,所述提取物通过使用水、C1至C4醇或其混合溶剂来提取。
4.根据权利要求1所述的药物组合物,其特征在于,所述分离出的化合物是选自由异三尖杉酯碱、三尖杉酯碱、高三尖杉酯碱、去甲脱氧三尖杉酯碱以及高脱氧三尖杉酯碱组成的组中的至少一种。
5.根据权利要求1所述的药物组合物,其特征在于,所述肺癌是非小细胞肺癌或对表皮生长因子受体络氨酸激酶抑制剂表现出耐药性的肺癌。
6.根据权利要求1所述的药物组合物,其特征在于,所述组合物通过细胞凋亡抑制肿瘤球体的生长。
7.根据权利要求1所述的药物组合物,其进一步包含siNR4A1。
8.根据权利要求1所述的药物组合物,其进一步包含顺铂。
9.一种用于预防或治疗肺癌的保健功能食品组合物,其包含从三尖杉提取物中分离的化合物作为有效成分。
10.根据权利要求9所述的保健功能食品组合物,其特征在于,所述分离出的化合物是选自由异三尖杉酯碱、三尖杉酯碱、高三尖杉酯碱、去甲脱氧三尖杉酯碱以及高脱氧三尖杉酯碱组成的组中的至少一种。
11.一种预防或治疗肺癌的方法,其包括向人类之外的个体施用从三尖杉提取物中分离的化合物的步骤。
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