CN116706158B - Air side air inlet temperature and humidity combined control device of fuel cell - Google Patents
Air side air inlet temperature and humidity combined control device of fuel cell Download PDFInfo
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 324
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 63
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 37
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 30
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 25
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000000889 atomisation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- BULVZWIRKLYCBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N phorate Chemical compound CCOP(=S)(OCC)SCSCC BULVZWIRKLYCBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000013135 deep learning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008358 core component Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005457 ice water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04701—Temperature
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04029—Heat exchange using liquids
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/04119—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying
- H01M8/04126—Humidifying
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04701—Temperature
- H01M8/04738—Temperature of auxiliary devices, e.g. reformer, compressor, burner
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04828—Humidity; Water content
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04955—Shut-off or shut-down of fuel cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04992—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the implementation of mathematical or computational algorithms, e.g. feedback control loops, fuzzy logic, neural networks or artificial intelligence
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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Abstract
The invention provides an air side air inlet temperature and humidity combined control device of a fuel cell, belongs to the technical field of fuel cells, and solves the problems that an intercooler in the prior art is too slow in temperature control response and cannot accurately regulate and control humidity. The device comprises an expansion machine, a humidifying cavity, a tail exhaust throttle valve, a water pump, a thermostat, a water distributing piece, a first water storage tank and a second water storage tank. The first water storage tank is a constant temperature water storage tank with an internal electric heating mechanism, and the second water storage tank is a cold water tank adopting an external water injection mode. The air inlet of the electric pile is connected with the pinch roller cavity of the expander through the humidifying cavity, and the air tail gas outlet of the electric pile is connected with the water inlet of the first water storage tank through the tail-row throttle valve, the turbine cavity of the expander and the water outlet of the water dividing piece in sequence. The input end of the thermostat is connected with the water outlet of the first water storage tank, the input end of the thermostat is connected with the water outlet of the second water storage tank, and the output end of the thermostat is connected with the water supply end of the atomizing spray head in the humidifying cavity through a water pump. The device can synchronously adjust the temperature and humidity of the air which enters the pile, and realizes accurate control.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fuel cells, in particular to an air side air inlet temperature and humidity combined control device of a fuel cell.
Background
In the air intake system of a fuel cell engine, air is generally supplied through an expander. The temperature of the outlet gas of the expander is generally higher, the humidity is lower, and the outlet gas is required to be cooled and humidified and then supplied to the electric pile.
The existing air channel air inlet temperature control scheme mostly adopts an intercooler for cooling, namely an intercooler is connected in series behind the expander, the water heat exchange mode of the intercooler is utilized for reducing the inlet air temperature of the stack, the outlet water temperature of the intercooler after heat exchange is increased, and an external radiator is required to be matched with a fan for cooling the outlet water temperature of the intercooler.
The existing air channel air inlet humidity control scheme mostly adopts a humidifier, namely a humidifier is connected in series behind the expander, the humidifier is utilized to humidify the low-humidity air at the inlet side of the electric pile through the high-humidity air at the outlet side of the electric pile, the humidified air enters the electric pile, the diffusion rate of water molecules in an electrolyte membrane is improved, and the electric pile performance is further improved.
However, in the above scheme, the intercooler cannot accurately control the heat dissipation capacity, resulting in slow temperature control response. And the humidity control of the humidifier cannot be accurately regulated in real time.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above analysis, the embodiment of the invention aims to provide an air side air inlet temperature and humidity combined control device of a fuel cell, which is used for solving the problems that the temperature control response of an intercooler is too slow and the humidity cannot be accurately regulated in the prior art.
In one aspect, the embodiment of the invention provides an air side air inlet temperature and humidity combined control device of a fuel cell, which comprises an expander, a humidifying cavity, a tail exhaust throttle valve, a water pump, a thermostat, a water distributing piece, a first water storage tank and a second water storage tank; wherein,
the first water storage tank is a constant temperature water storage tank with an internal electric heating mechanism, and the second water storage tank is a cold water tank adopting an external water injection mode; an atomization nozzle is arranged in the humidification chamber;
the air inlet of the electric pile is connected with the pinch roller cavity of the expander through the humidifying cavity, and the air tail gas outlet of the electric pile is connected with the water injection port of the first water storage tank through the tail exhaust throttle valve, the turbine cavity of the expander and the water outlet of the water diversion piece in sequence; the input end of the thermostat is connected with the water outlet of the first water storage tank, the input end of the thermostat is connected with the water outlet of the second water storage tank, and the output end of the thermostat is connected with the water supply end of the atomizing spray head in the humidifying cavity through a water pump.
The beneficial effects of the technical scheme are as follows: the novel air side air inlet temperature and humidity combined control device of the fuel cell is provided, the opening of the thermostat is controlled to carry out mixed flow, the temperature of spraying humidification amount is controlled by replacing an intercooler, and the air inlet temperature of the in-pile air can be regulated and controlled more accurately. The liquid water spray gasification heat absorption at different temperatures can reduce the air inlet temperature of the air entering the pile to different degrees, thereby achieving the purpose of controlling the air inlet temperature of the electric pile.
Based on a further improvement of the above device, the joint control device further comprises:
a controller for regularly collecting the outlet temperature T of the expander during the starting process of the fuel cell 1 Mass flow m of in-pile air a Target intake air temperature T 2 Thereby obtaining the mass flow m of the spraying and humidifying liquid water w The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the And acquiring the water temperature T in the first water storage tank 3 Water temperature T in second water storage tank 4 Combining the target spray humidification liquid water temperature T to obtain the split flow m of the first water storage tank 1 Split flow m of second water storage tank 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the And, according to the mass flow rate m of the spray humidifying liquid water w The rotating speed of the water pump is regulated and controlled in real time, so that the air in the pile reaches the target humidity rapidly; and according to the split flow m of the first water storage tank 1 Split flow m of second water storage tank 2 The opening degree of the thermostat is regulated and controlled in real time so that the air entering the pile can reach the target air inlet temperature T quickly 2 。
Further, the controller comprises a data acquisition unit and a data processing and controlling unit which are connected in sequence; wherein the data acquisition unit further comprises:
a first temperature sensor arranged on the inner wall of the pipeline at the outlet of the pinch roller cavity of the expander and used for obtainingTaking the outlet temperature T of the expander 1 ；
A second temperature sensor arranged on the inner wall of the pipeline at the air inlet of the electric pile and used for acquiring the actual air inlet temperature T of the electric pile 2 ′；
A third temperature sensor arranged in the first water storage tank and used for acquiring the water temperature T in the first water storage tank 3 ；
A fourth temperature sensor arranged in the second water storage tank and used for acquiring the water temperature T in the second water storage tank 4 。
Further, the data processing and control unit executes the following procedure to complete the air side intake air temperature and humidity combined control function in the fuel cell starting process:
after receiving the start signal of the fuel cell, the outlet temperature T of the expander is obtained at fixed time 1 Mass flow m of in-pile air a Target intake air temperature T 2 ；
The outlet temperature T of the expansion machine 1 Mass flow m of in-pile air a Target intake air temperature T 2 Inputting the water into a preset spray humidification flow calculation model to obtain spray humidification liquid water mass flow m w ；
Acquiring the water temperature T in the first water storage tank 3 Water temperature T in second water storage tank 4 ；
The water temperature T in the first water storage tank 3 Water temperature T in second water storage tank 4 Spray humidification liquid water mass flow m w The target spray humidification liquid water temperature T is combined and input into a preset diversion calculation model to obtain diversion flow m of the first water storage tank 1 Split flow m of second water storage tank 2 ；
According to the split flow m of the first water storage tank 1 Split flow m of second water storage tank 2 The opening degree of the thermostat is regulated and controlled in real time so that the air entering the pile can reach the target air inlet temperature T quickly 2 ；
According to the mass flow m of the spray humidifying liquid water w The rotating speed of the water pump is regulated and controlled in real time, so that the air in the pile can reach the target humidity quickly.
Further, the spray humidification flow calculation model uses a model in the following formula:
m w ＝m a C p (T 1 -T 2 )/H w ，
wherein C is p Constant pressure specific heat capacity for air, H w Is the latent heat of vaporization of water.
Further, the split calculation model adopts a model in the following formula:
m 1 T 3 +m 2 T 4 ＝m w T。
further, the data processing and control unit executes the following procedure to complete the air side intake air temperature and humidity combined control function in the power conversion process during the operation of the fuel cell:
after receiving the power conversion signal of the fuel cell, obtaining the outlet temperature T of the expander at the current moment 1 Mass flow m of post power conversion stack air a ′；
The outlet temperature T of the expander at the current moment 1 Mass flow m of post power conversion stack air a ' input into the model of the following formula to obtain the spray humidification liquid water mass flow m after power conversion w ′，
m w ′＝m a ′C p (T 1 -T 2 )/H w ′；
Wherein H is w ' is the latent heat of vaporization of water after power conversion;
acquiring the water temperature T in the first water storage tank at the current moment 3 Water temperature T in second water storage tank 4 ；
The water temperature T in the first water storage tank 3 Water temperature T in second water storage tank 4 Spray humidifying liquid water mass flow m after power conversion w ' input into the model of the following formula to obtain the split flow m of the first water storage tank after power conversion 1 ' split flow m of second water storage tank 2 ′，
m 1 ′T 3 +m 2 ′T 4 ＝m w ′T；
According to the split flow m of the first water storage tank after power conversion 1 ' split flow m of second water storage tank 2 The opening degree of the thermostat is regulated in real time, so that the air in the pile is always at the target humidity in the power conversion process;
according to the mass flow m of the spray humidifying liquid water after power conversion w ' real-time regulating and controlling the rotation speed of the water pump to ensure that the air in the pile is always at the target air inlet temperature T in the power conversion process 2 。
Further, the joint control device further includes:
the air filter is arranged at the input end of the pinch roller cavity of the expander;
and the flowmeter is arranged between the air filter and the expander and is used for acquiring the gas flow entering the expander.
Further, the first water tank is equipped with a first liquid level sensor and a first drain valve; wherein,
the first liquid level sensor is arranged in the first water storage tank and used for acquiring the liquid level height in the first water storage tank;
the first drain valve is arranged at the bottom of the first water storage tank;
and the controller is also used for starting the first drain valve to drain after receiving a shutdown instruction of the fuel cell until the first liquid level sensor data identifies that the liquid water in the first water storage tank is drained, and closing the first drain valve.
Further, the combined control device also comprises a water quality filter and a fifth temperature sensor; wherein,
the water quality filter is arranged at the water inlet of the water pump;
the fifth temperature sensor is arranged at the water supply end of the atomizing nozzle, and the output end of the fifth temperature sensor is connected with the controller;
and the controller is also used for finishing the adjustment of the rotation speed of the water pump and the opening of the thermostat when the data of the fifth temperature sensor reaches the target spray humidification liquid water temperature T, and finishing the regulation and control of the air inlet temperature and the humidity of the fuel cell.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has at least one of the following beneficial effects:
1、the outlet of the expansion machine is connected with a spray module (a humidifying cavity, an atomizing nozzle and a water pump) in series, and the spray module is used for controlling the temperature T of the outlet of the expansion machine 1 Air flow m a Latent heat of vaporization H of water corresponding to air humidity w Calculating the liquid water mass flow m required by spraying w Then according to the water temperature T in the first water storage tank 3 Water temperature T in second water storage tank 4 And obtaining the opening degree of the thermostat. The liquid water required by spraying is from the water recovered from the tail row of the engine and the water added to the second water storage tank, the opening of the thermostat is adjusted to control the water temperature, and the outlet temperature of the air compressor is reduced by utilizing the liquid water gasification heat absorption principle, so that the aim of accurately controlling the pile-in temperature is fulfilled.
2. The temperature of the air entering the pile can be reduced while the air entering the pile is humidified, and the rapid regulation and control of the temperature and the humidity can be accurately realized.
3. The method is suitable for scenes with high requirements on integration level and miniaturization such as vehicle-mounted scenes.
The summary is provided to introduce a selection of concepts in a simplified form that are further described below in the detailed description. This summary is not intended to identify key features or essential features of the invention, nor is it intended to be used to limit the scope of the invention.
Drawings
The foregoing and other objects, features and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the following more particular descriptions of exemplary embodiments of the invention as illustrated in the accompanying drawings wherein like reference numbers generally represent like parts throughout the exemplary embodiments of the invention.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the constitution of an air side intake air temperature and humidity integrated control device of a fuel cell of example 1;
fig. 2 shows a schematic diagram of the air side intake air temperature and humidity combined control apparatus of the fuel cell of example 2.
Reference numerals
T 1 -expander outlet temperature; t (T) 3 -the temperature T of the water in the first tank 3 ；T 4 -the water temperature in the second water reservoir; t (T) 5 -fifth stepTemperature sensor data.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. While embodiments of the present invention are illustrated in the drawings, it should be understood that the present invention may be embodied in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art.
The term "comprising" and variations thereof as used herein means open ended, i.e., "including but not limited to. The term "or" means "and/or" unless specifically stated otherwise. The term "based on" means "based at least in part on". The terms "one example embodiment" and "one embodiment" mean "at least one example embodiment. The term "another embodiment" means "at least one additional embodiment". The terms "first," "second," and the like, may refer to different or the same object. Other explicit and implicit definitions are also possible below.
The abbreviations and definitions to which the present invention relates are first described below.
A fuel cell device: the energy conversion device is provided with a galvanic pile and an auxiliary sub-device, wherein in the energy conversion process, a membrane electrode of a core component in the galvanic pile directly converts chemical energy of oxygen and fuel into electric energy, reaction products comprise water and waste heat, the water and the waste heat are discharged to the outside of the galvanic pile through a runner and heat exchange, and the generated electric energy is transmitted to a whole vehicle motor through DC-DC.
Spray humidification: and a stable water pressure is established by utilizing the water pump, and fine water mist is sprayed by the spray head, so that the passing dry air is humidified.
Example 1
The invention discloses an air side air inlet temperature and humidity combined control device of a fuel cell, which is suitable for a scene with high requirements on integration level and miniaturization such as a vehicle, and comprises an expander, a humidifying cavity, a tail exhaust throttle valve, a water pump, a thermostat, a water distributing piece, a first water storage tank and a second water storage tank as shown in figure 1.
The first water storage tank is a constant temperature water storage tank with an internal electric heating mechanism and a water source of electric pile tail drainage, the second water storage tank is a cold water tank adopting an external water injection mode, and cold water or ice water can be filled in the tank.
A plurality of atomizing spray heads can be arranged in the humidifying cavity.
The air inlet of the electric pile is connected with the pinch roller cavity of the expander through the humidifying cavity, and the air tail gas outlet of the electric pile is connected with the water inlet of the first water storage tank through the tail-row throttle valve, the turbine cavity of the expander and the water outlet of the water dividing piece in sequence.
The input end of the thermostat is connected with the water outlet of the first water storage tank, the input end of the thermostat is connected with the water outlet of the second water storage tank, and the output end of the thermostat is connected with the water supply end of the atomizing spray head in the humidifying cavity through a water pump.
During implementation, through setting up a plurality of water storage tanks and thermostat, be favorable to carrying out synchronous humidification and cooling to the income heap air of different temperatures, solved the problem that the heat dissipation capacity of unable accurate control, response are slow that intercooler control by temperature change brought.
Compared with the prior art, the embodiment provides a novel air side air inlet temperature and humidity combined control device of the fuel cell, the opening of the thermostat can be controlled to carry out mixed flow, the temperature of the spray humidification amount is controlled by replacing an intercooler, and the air inlet temperature of the in-pile air can be regulated and controlled more accurately. The liquid water spray gasification heat absorption at different temperatures can reduce the air inlet temperature of the air entering the pile to different degrees, thereby achieving the purpose of controlling the air inlet temperature of the electric pile.
Example 2
The improvement of embodiment 1 is that the joint control device further comprises a controller.
A controller for regularly collecting the outlet temperature T of the expander during the starting process of the fuel cell 1 Mass flow m of in-pile air a Target intake air temperature T 2 Thereby obtaining the mass flow m of the spraying and humidifying liquid water w The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the And acquiring the water temperature T in the first water storage tank 3 Water temperature T in second water storage tank 4 Combining the target spray humidification liquid water temperature T to obtain the split flow m of the first water storage tank 1 Split flow m of second water storage tank 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the And, according to the mass flow rate m of the spray humidifying liquid water w The rotating speed of the water pump is regulated and controlled in real time, so that the air in the pile reaches the target humidity rapidly; and according to the split flow m of the first water storage tank 1 Split flow m of second water storage tank 2 The opening degree of the thermostat is regulated and controlled in real time so that the air entering the pile can reach the target air inlet temperature T quickly 2 。
Preferably, the controller comprises a data acquisition unit and a data processing and control unit which are connected in sequence.
The data acquisition unit further comprises a first temperature sensor, a second temperature sensor, a third temperature sensor and a fourth temperature sensor.
The first temperature sensor is arranged on the inner wall of the pipeline at the outlet of the pinch roller cavity of the expander and is used for acquiring the outlet temperature T of the expander 1 And sending the data to a data processing and control unit.
A second temperature sensor arranged on the inner wall of the pipeline at the air inlet of the electric pile and used for acquiring the actual air inlet temperature T of the electric pile 2 ' to the data processing and control unit for display.
A third temperature sensor arranged in the first water storage tank and used for acquiring the water temperature T in the first water storage tank 3 And sending the data to a data processing and control unit.
A fourth temperature sensor arranged in the second water storage tank and used for acquiring the water temperature T in the second water storage tank 4 And sending the data to a data processing and control unit.
Preferably, the data processing and control unit performs the following procedure to perform the air side intake air temperature and humidity combined control function during the fuel cell start-up procedure:
s1, after receiving a starting signal of a fuel cell, acquiring the outlet temperature T of an expander at regular time 1 Mass flow m of in-pile air a Target intake air temperature T 2 ；
S2, the outlet temperature T of the expansion machine is regulated 1 Mass flow m of in-pile air a Target intake air temperature T 2 Inputting a preset spray humidification flow calculation modelThe mass flow m of the spraying and humidifying liquid water is obtained w ；
The spray humidification flow calculation model can adopt a trained deep learning network or a model in the following formula:
m w ＝m a C p (T 1 -T 2 )/H w ，
wherein C is p The specific heat capacity is constant 1.008, and the unit is kilojoules per kilogram per opening [ kJ/(kg.K)]；H w The water vaporization latent heat is also called water vaporization latent heat, and is constant, and the unit is kJ/(kg.K); m is m w 、m a Is in kg; t (T) 1 、T 2 Is given in units of deg.c;
s3, acquiring the water temperature T in the first water storage tank 3 Water temperature T in second water storage tank 4 ；
S4, the water temperature T in the first water storage tank is adjusted 3 Water temperature T in second water storage tank 4 Spray humidification liquid water mass flow m w The target spray humidification liquid water temperature T is combined and input into a preset diversion calculation model to obtain diversion flow m of the first water storage tank 1 Split flow m of second water storage tank 2 ；
The shunt calculation model can also adopt a trained deep learning network or a model in the following formula:
m 1 T 3 +m 2 T 4 ＝m w T，
wherein m is 1 、m 2 In kg, T 3 、T 4 T is expressed in terms of the temperature, T being based on the latent heat of vaporization H of water at different temperatures w And (5) looking up a table.
S5, according to the split flow m of the first water storage tank 1 Split flow m of second water storage tank 2 The opening degree of the thermostat is regulated and controlled in real time, so that the air entering the stack can reach the target humidity quickly;
specifically, the opening of the thermostat can be controlled by a split ratio lookup table, and water with different water temperatures is mixed to reach the target spray humidification liquid water temperature T;
s6, according to sprayingShowering and humidifying liquid water mass flow m w The rotating speed of the water pump is regulated and controlled in real time so that the air entering the pile can reach the target air inlet temperature T quickly 2 。
Preferably, the data processing and control unit executes the following procedure to perform the air side intake air temperature and humidity joint control function during power conversion during operation of the fuel cell:
s7, after receiving a power conversion signal of the fuel cell, acquiring the outlet temperature T of the expander at the current moment 1 Mass flow m of post power conversion stack air a ′；
S8, the outlet temperature T of the expander at the current moment is calculated 1 Mass flow m of post power conversion stack air a ' input into the model of the following formula to obtain the spray humidification liquid water mass flow m after power conversion w ′，
m w ′＝m a ′C p (T 1 -T 2 )/H w ′；
Wherein H is w ' is the latent heat of vaporization of water after power conversion, and is expressed in kJ/(kg.K); m is m w ′、m a ' in kg;
s9, acquiring the water temperature T in the first water storage tank at the current moment 3 Water temperature T in second water storage tank 4 ；
S10, the water temperature T in the first water storage tank is adjusted 3 Water temperature T in second water storage tank 4 Spray humidifying liquid water mass flow m after power conversion w ' input into the model of the following formula to obtain the split flow m of the first water storage tank after power conversion 1 ' split flow m of second water storage tank 2 ′，
m 1 ′T 3 +m 2 ′T 4 ＝m w ′T；
S11, according to the split flow m of the first water storage tank after power conversion 1 ' split flow m of second water storage tank 2 The opening degree of the thermostat is regulated in real time, so that the air in the pile is always at the target humidity in the power conversion process;
s12, spraying and humidifying liquid state according to power conversionWater mass flow m w ' real-time regulating and controlling the rotation speed of the water pump to ensure that the air in the pile is always at the target air inlet temperature T in the power conversion process 2 。
Preferably, the combined control further comprises an air filter, a flow meter, as shown in fig. 2.
The air filter is arranged at the input end of the pinch roller cavity of the expander.
And the flowmeter is arranged between the air filter and the expander and is used for acquiring the gas flow entering the expander.
Preferably, the first water storage tank is equipped with a first liquid level sensor and a first drain valve. The first liquid level sensor is arranged in the first water storage tank and used for acquiring the liquid level height in the first water storage tank.
The first drain valve is arranged at the bottom of the first water storage tank. And the controller is also used for starting the first drain valve to drain after receiving a shutdown instruction of the fuel cell until the first liquid level sensor data identifies that the liquid water in the first water storage tank is drained, and closing the first drain valve.
Preferably, the humidification chamber is provided with a second level sensor and a second drain valve. The second liquid level sensor is arranged in the humidifying cavity and used for acquiring the liquid level height in the humidifying cavity. The second drain valve is arranged at the bottom of the humidifying cavity.
The controller is also used for regularly monitoring whether the data of the second liquid level sensor exceeds the set liquid level when the fuel cell is in an operating state, and if so, the second drain valve is opened to ensure that the inside of the humidification chamber is always at the set liquid level in the humidification process; and after receiving a shutdown instruction of the fuel cell, opening a second drain valve to drain the liquid water in the humidification chamber.
Preferably, the combined control device further comprises a water filter and a fifth temperature sensor. Wherein, the water quality filter is arranged at the water inlet of the water pump. And the fifth temperature sensor is arranged at the water supply end of the atomizing nozzle, and the output end of the fifth temperature sensor is connected with the controller.
The controller is also used for identifying fifth temperature sensor data T 5 When reaching the target spray humidifying liquid water temperature T, ending the water pump rotationAnd (3) adjusting the opening of the speed and temperature saver to regulate and control the air inlet temperature and humidity of the air side of the fuel cell.
Compared with the prior art, the air side air inlet temperature and humidity combined control device of the fuel cell has the following beneficial effects:
1. the outlet of the expansion machine is connected with a spray module (a humidifying cavity, an atomizing nozzle and a water pump) in series, and the spray module is used for controlling the temperature T of the outlet of the expansion machine 1 Air flow m a Latent heat of vaporization H of water corresponding to air humidity w Calculating the liquid water mass flow m required by spraying w Then according to the water temperature T in the first water storage tank 3 Water temperature T in second water storage tank 4 And obtaining the opening degree of the thermostat. The liquid water required by spraying is from the water recovered from the tail row of the engine and the water added to the second water storage tank, the opening of the thermostat is adjusted to control the water temperature, and the outlet temperature of the air compressor is reduced by utilizing the liquid water gasification heat absorption principle, so that the aim of accurately controlling the pile-in temperature is fulfilled.
2. The temperature of the air entering the pile can be reduced while the air entering the pile is humidified, and the rapid regulation and control of the temperature and the humidity can be accurately realized.
3. The method is suitable for scenes with high requirements on integration level and miniaturization such as vehicle-mounted scenes.
The foregoing description of embodiments of the invention has been presented for purposes of illustration and description, and is not intended to be exhaustive or limited to the embodiments disclosed. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the various embodiments described. The terminology used herein is chosen in order to best explain the principles of the embodiments, the practical application, or the improvement of the prior art, or to enable others of ordinary skill in the art to understand the embodiments disclosed herein.
Claims (9)
1. The air side air inlet temperature and humidity combined control device of the fuel cell is characterized by comprising an expander, a humidifying cavity, a tail exhaust throttle valve, a water pump, a thermostat, a water distributing piece, a first water storage tank, a second water storage tank and a controller; wherein,
the first water storage tank is a constant temperature water storage tank with an internal electric heating mechanism, and the second water storage tank is a cold water tank adopting an external water injection mode; an atomization nozzle is arranged in the humidification chamber;
the air inlet of the electric pile is connected with the pinch roller cavity of the expander through the humidifying cavity, and the air tail gas outlet of the electric pile is connected with the water injection port of the first water storage tank through the tail exhaust throttle valve, the turbine cavity of the expander and the water outlet of the water diversion piece in sequence; the input end of the thermostat is connected with the water outlet of the first water storage tank, the input end of the thermostat is connected with the water outlet of the second water storage tank, and the output end of the thermostat is connected with the water supply end of the atomizing spray head in the humidifying cavity through a water pump;
a controller for periodically collecting the outlet temperature of the expander during the starting process of the fuel cellT 1 Mass flow of air into pilem a Target intake air temperatureT 2 Thereby obtaining the mass flow of the spraying and humidifying liquid waterm w The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the And acquiring the water temperature in the first water storage tankT 3 Water temperature in the second water storage tankT 4 Combined with target spray humidifying liquid water temperatureTObtaining the split flow of the first water storage tankm 1 Split flow of the second water storage tankm 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the And, based on the mass flow of the spray humidified liquid waterm w The rotating speed of the water pump is regulated and controlled in real time, so that the air in the pile reaches the target humidity rapidly; and according to the split flow of the first water storage tankm 1 Split flow of the second water storage tankm 2 The opening degree of the thermostat is regulated and controlled in real time so as to enable the air entering the pile to reach the target air inlet temperature quicklyT 2 。
2. The air side intake air temperature and humidity combined control device of a fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein the controller comprises a data acquisition unit, a data processing and control unit which are connected in sequence; wherein the data acquisition unit further comprises:
the first temperature sensor is arranged on the inner wall of the pipeline at the outlet of the pinch roller cavity of the expander and is used for acquiring the outlet temperature of the expanderT 1 ；
A second temperature sensor arranged on the inner wall of the pipeline at the air inlet of the electric pile for acquiring the actual air inlet temperature of the electric pileT 2 '；
A third temperature sensor arranged in the first water storage tank for acquiring the water temperature in the first water storage tankT 3 ；
A fourth temperature sensor arranged in the second water storage tank for acquiring the water temperature in the second water storage tankT 4 。
3. The air side intake air temperature and humidity joint control device of a fuel cell according to claim 2, wherein the data processing and control unit executes the following program to perform the air side intake air temperature and humidity joint control function during the start-up of the fuel cell:
after receiving the start signal of the fuel cell, the outlet temperature of the expander is obtained at fixed timeT 1 Mass flow of air into pilem a Target intake air temperatureT 2 ；
The outlet temperature of the expansion machine is setT 1 Mass flow of air into pilem a Target intake air temperatureT 2 Inputting the water into a preset spray humidification flow calculation model to obtain the spray humidification liquid water mass flowm w ；
Acquiring the water temperature in the first water storage tankT 3 Water temperature in the second water storage tankT 4 ；
The water temperature in the first water storage tank is adjustedT 3 Water temperature in the second water storage tankT 4 Spray humidification liquid water mass flowm w Combined with target spray humidifying liquid water temperatureTInputting the two flow distribution models into a preset flow distribution calculation model to obtain the flow distribution flow of the first water storage tankm 1 Split flow of the second water storage tankm 2 ；
According to the split flow of the first water storage tankm 1 Split flow of the second water storage tankm 2 The opening degree of the thermostat is regulated and controlled in real time so as to enable the air entering the pile to quickly reach the target air inletTemperature (temperature)T 2 ；
According to the mass flow of the spray humidifying liquid waterm w The rotating speed of the water pump is regulated and controlled in real time, so that the air in the pile can reach the target humidity quickly.
4. The air side intake air temperature and humidity joint control device of a fuel cell according to claim 3, wherein the spray humidification flow calculation model uses a model in the following formula:
m w =m a C p (T 1 -T 2 )/H w ，
in the method, in the process of the invention,C p the specific heat capacity is fixed for the air,H w is the latent heat of vaporization of water.
5. The air side intake air temperature and humidity joint control device of a fuel cell according to claim 4, wherein the split flow calculation model uses a model in the following formula:
m 1 T 3 +m 2 T 4 =m w T。
6. the air side intake air temperature and humidity joint control device of a fuel cell according to claim 5, wherein the data processing and control unit executes the following program to perform the air side intake air temperature and humidity joint control function during power conversion during operation of the fuel cell:
after receiving the power conversion signal of the fuel cell, obtaining the outlet temperature of the expander at the current momentT 1 Mass flow of post power conversion in-stack airm a '；
The outlet temperature of the expander at the current moment is calculatedT 1 Mass flow of post power conversion in-stack airm a ' input into the model of the following formula to obtain the spray humidification liquid water mass flow after power conversionm w '，
m w '=m a 'C p (T 1 -T 2 )/H w '；
In the method, in the process of the invention,H w ' is the latent heat of vaporization of water after power conversion;
acquiring the water temperature in the first water storage tank at the current momentT 3 Water temperature in the second water storage tankT 4 ；
The water temperature in the first water storage tank is adjustedT 3 Water temperature in the second water storage tankT 4 Spray humidifying liquid water mass flow after power conversionm w ' input the split flow of the first water storage tank after power conversion into the model of the following formulam 1 ' split flow of second water storage tankm 2 '，
m 1 'T 3 +m 2 'T 4 =m w 'T；
According to the split flow of the first water storage tank after power conversionm 1 ' split flow of second water storage tankm 2 The opening degree of the thermostat is regulated in real time, so that the air in the pile is always at the target humidity in the power conversion process;
according to the mass flow of the spray humidifying liquid water after power conversionm w ' real-time regulating and controlling the rotation speed of the water pump to ensure that the air in the pile is always at the target air inlet temperature in the power conversion processT 2 。
7. The air-side intake air temperature and humidity joint control device of a fuel cell according to any one of claims 1 to 6, further comprising:
the air filter is arranged at the input end of the pinch roller cavity of the expander;
and the flowmeter is arranged between the air filter and the expander and is used for acquiring the gas flow entering the expander.
8. The air side intake air temperature and humidity joint control device of a fuel cell according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the first water storage tank is equipped with a first liquid level sensor and a first drain valve; wherein,
the first liquid level sensor is arranged in the first water storage tank and used for acquiring the liquid level height in the first water storage tank;
the first drain valve is arranged at the bottom of the first water storage tank;
and the controller is also used for starting the first drain valve to drain after receiving a shutdown instruction of the fuel cell until the first liquid level sensor data identifies that the liquid water in the first water storage tank is drained, and closing the first drain valve.
9. The air side intake air temperature and humidity combined control apparatus of a fuel cell according to any one of claims 1 to 6, further comprising a water filter, a fifth temperature sensor; wherein,
the water quality filter is arranged at the water inlet of the water pump;
the fifth temperature sensor is arranged at the water supply end of the atomizing nozzle, and the output end of the fifth temperature sensor is connected with the controller;
a controller for identifying fifth temperature sensor dataT 5 Achieving the target spray humidifying liquid water temperatureTAnd when the air inlet temperature and the humidity of the air side of the fuel cell are regulated and controlled, the rotation speed of the water pump and the opening degree of the thermostat are regulated.
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| JP2003288922A (en) * | 2002-03-28 | 2003-10-10 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | Fuel cell system |
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