CN115954500A - Air side air supply system of fuel cell stack - Google Patents
Air side air supply system of fuel cell stack Download PDFInfo
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- CN115954500A CN115954500A CN202310131741.2A CN202310131741A CN115954500A CN 115954500 A CN115954500 A CN 115954500A CN 202310131741 A CN202310131741 A CN 202310131741A CN 115954500 A CN115954500 A CN 115954500A
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- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
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Abstract
The invention provides an air side air supply system of a fuel cell stack, belongs to the technical field of fuel cells, and solves the problems that irreversible damage in the stack is easily caused by directly utilizing high-concentration oxygen and a discharge mode has large energy waste in the prior art. The device comprises an air compressor, an oxygen storage tank, a pressure reducing valve, a proportional valve, a circulating pump, a mixer, a water separator and a controller. The output end of the air compressor is connected with the first input end of the mixer. The oxygen storage tank is connected with the second input end of the mixer through a pressure reducing valve and a proportional valve in sequence. The air tail gas outlet of the galvanic pile is connected with the input end III of the mixer through the dry gas outlet of the water separator and the circulating pump, and the air inlet of the galvanic pile is connected with the output end of the mixer. The controller identifies whether the reactor entering air oxygen concentration C is within a preset oxygen concentration range at regular time, if so, the states of the air compressor and the proportional valve are maintained unchanged, otherwise, the rotating speed of the air compressor and the opening degree of the proportional valve are adjusted, so that the C is always kept within the oxygen concentration range and the reactor entering air pressure is maintained unchanged.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fuel cells, in particular to an air side air supply system of a fuel cell stack.
Background
The rapid development of new energy sources and the promotion of the clean and efficient utilization of energy are important guarantees for promoting the sustainable and healthy development of the socioeconomic performance of China and realizing the goals of carbon peak reaching and carbon neutralization of China. The fuel cell power generation system leads hydrogen and oxygen generated by electrolysis reaction into the electric pile during the electricity utilization peak period, thereby converting chemical energy stored in the hydrogen and the oxygen into electric energy.
According to the scheme of cathode oxygen utilization in the conventional fuel cell power generation system, high-pressure high-concentration oxygen stored in an oxygen storage tank is subjected to multi-stage pressure reduction through a pressure reducing valve, a proportional valve and the like, after the preset pressure is reached, the high-pressure high-concentration oxygen is subjected to heat exchange through an intercooler and humidification through a humidifier to form mixed gas with certain pressure, temperature and humidity, the mixed gas is introduced into an electric pile to participate in electrode reaction, and unreacted high-temperature high-humidity oxygen tail gas is discharged out of the electric pile, passes through the humidifier and is directly discharged.
Due to the fact that high-concentration oxygen has extremely strong oxidizability, the scheme enables key materials such as catalysts, carbon carriers and proton exchange membranes in the galvanic pile to possibly generate oxidation reaction to cause irreversible damage, and further the durability and reliability of the galvanic pile are seriously affected. In addition, because the kinetics of the cathode oxygen reduction reaction is slow, a large amount of high-concentration oxygen introduced into the galvanic pile can only consume a very small part, and most of the oxygen is directly discharged after being discharged out of the galvanic pile, so that the energy waste is greatly caused.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the foregoing analysis, an embodiment of the present invention is directed to provide an air-side air supply system for a fuel cell stack, so as to solve the problems that the direct use of high-concentration oxygen in the prior art is likely to cause irreversible damage in the stack and the discharge mode has a large energy waste.
On one hand, the embodiment of the invention provides an air side air supply system of a fuel cell stack, which comprises an air compressor, an oxygen storage tank, a pressure reducing valve, a proportional valve, a circulating pump, a mixer, a water separator and a controller, wherein the air compressor is connected with the oxygen storage tank; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the output end of the air compressor is connected with the first input end of the mixer; the output end of the oxygen storage tank is connected with the second input end of the mixer through a pressure reducing valve and a proportional valve in sequence; an air tail gas outlet of the galvanic pile is connected with the input end III of the mixer through a dry gas outlet of the water separator and the circulating pump, and an air inlet of the galvanic pile is connected with the output end of the mixer;
a controller for determining an oxygen concentration range in which the fuel cell generates electricity efficiently; and acquiring the oxygen concentration C of the reactor entering air at regular time, identifying whether the C is in the oxygen concentration range, if so, maintaining the current states of the air compressor and the proportional valve unchanged, otherwise, adjusting the rotating speed of the air compressor and the opening degree of the proportional valve to ensure that the C is always kept in the oxygen concentration range and the pressure of the reactor entering air is maintained unchanged.
The beneficial effects of the above technical scheme are as follows: the scheme of the air side air supply system of the fuel cell stack capable of flexibly adjusting the oxygen concentration is provided, irreversible damage of high-concentration oxygen to key materials such as a catalyst, a carbon carrier, a proton exchange membrane and the like in the fuel cell can be avoided, and the durability and the reliability of the air side air supply system of the fuel cell stack are improved. By adopting the scheme of the air side gas supply system of the fuel cell stack for the backflow cyclic utilization of the high-concentration oxygen, the high-concentration oxygen resource generated by the power generation of the renewable energy can be efficiently utilized, and the utilization rate of the renewable energy is improved. The mixing proportion of high-concentration oxygen and air can be adjusted by adjusting the opening degree or opening duty ratio of the proportional valve and the rotating speed of the air compressor, so that the concentration of the air entering the pile can be flexibly adjusted. The air is pressurized by an air compressor, the temperature of the air rises, the air is changed into high-temperature gas, the high-temperature gas is subjected to heat exchange with the high-temperature gas output by the circulating pump and the decompressed low-temperature oxygen, the high-temperature gas and the decompressed low-temperature oxygen are fully mixed, and then the high-temperature gas and the decompressed low-temperature oxygen enter the electric pile. The mixed heat exchange of the high-temperature gas and the low-temperature gas is beneficial to canceling the design of a thermostat or reducing the size of the thermostat, realizing the comprehensive utilization of energy and improving the efficiency and the integration level of an air side gas supply system of the fuel cell stack.
Based on the further improvement of the system, the mixer comprises a premixing pipeline and a intercooler which are arranged in sequence; wherein, the first and the second end of the pipe are connected with each other,
the premixing pipeline comprises a straight pipe made of heat-resistant materials, one end of the straight pipe is communicated with the proportional valve, and the side of the straight pipe is respectively communicated with the output ends of the air compressor and the circulating pump;
the gas input end of the intercooler is connected with the other end of the straight pipe of the premixing pipeline, the output end of the intercooler is connected with the air inlet of the electric pile, and the control end of the intercooler is connected with the output end of the controller;
and the controller is also used for starting the intercooler so as to fully mix the gas entering the intercooler.
Further, the air-side air supply system of the fuel cell stack also comprises an exhaust valve; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the exhaust valve is arranged at the dry gas outlet of the water separator, and the control end of the exhaust valve is connected with the controller;
the exhaust valve is arranged at the dry gas outlet of the water separator, and the control end of the exhaust valve is connected with the output end of the controller;
and the controller is also used for periodically starting the exhaust valve to periodically exhaust part of the gas in the water separator.
Further, the controller executes the following program:
acquiring the oxygen concentration C of the reactor entering air at regular time;
identifying whether the oxygen concentration C of the reactor-entering air is higher than a set value C 1 If so, controlling the rotating speed of the air compressor to increase, and controlling the opening degree of the proportional valve to decrease or the opening duty ratio to decrease so as not to change the stack airReducing the oxygen concentration C of the reactor-entering air under the pressure condition, otherwise, executing the next step; wherein, the value C is set 1 An upper limit of the oxygen concentration range for efficient power generation of the fuel cell;
identifying whether the reactor-entering oxygen concentration C is lower than a set value C 2 If so, controlling the rotation speed of the air compressor to be reduced, and simultaneously controlling the opening degree of the proportional valve to be increased or the opening duty ratio to be increased so as to increase the oxygen concentration C of the stack entering air under the condition of not changing the pressure of the stack entering air, otherwise, judging that the C is in the oxygen concentration range of the fuel cell high-efficiency power generation, and maintaining the running states of the air compressor and the proportional valve unchanged; wherein, the value C is set 2 The lower limit of the oxygen concentration range in which the fuel cell generates electricity efficiently.
Further, the air side air supply system also comprises an ejector and a reflux valve V1; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the jet inlet of the ejector is connected with the output end of the air compressor, the drainage inlet of the ejector is connected with the dry gas outlet of the water separator through a reflux valve V1, and the confluence outlet of the ejector is connected with the input end of the mixer;
the control end of the return valve V1 is connected with the output end of the controller;
and the controller is also used for starting the circulating pump and closing the return valve V1 when the required power generation power of the fuel cell is greater than a set value.
Further, the air side air supply system also comprises a drain valve; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the drain valve is arranged at a liquid outlet at the bottom of the water separator, and the control end of the drain valve is connected with the output end of the controller;
and the controller is also used for monitoring the accumulated liquid level height in the water separator at regular time and starting the drain valve when the liquid level height reaches a set value.
Further, the air side air supply system also comprises an air filter and a flowmeter; wherein, the first and the second end of the pipe are connected with each other,
the air filter and the flowmeter are sequentially arranged at the input end of the air compressor; the data output end of the flowmeter is connected with the input end of the controller;
and the controller is also used for adjusting the power supply power of the air compressor according to the data of the flow meter.
Further, the air-side air supply system also comprises a return valve V2; wherein, the first and the second end of the pipe are connected with each other,
the reflux valve V2 is arranged between a dry gas outlet of the water separator and the input end of the circulating pump, and the control end of the reflux valve is connected with the output end of the controller.
Further, the air-side air supply system also comprises a humidifier; wherein, the first and the second end of the pipe are connected with each other,
the air inlet of the electric pile is connected with the output end of the mixer through the dry gas branch path of the humidifier, and the air tail gas outlet of the electric pile is connected with the wet gas inlet of the water separator through the wet gas branch path of the humidifier.
Further, the controller comprises a data acquisition unit and a data processing and control unit which are connected in sequence; the data acquisition unit further comprises:
the oxygen concentration sensor is arranged on the inner wall of the pipeline at the air inlet of the galvanic pile and is used for acquiring the oxygen concentration C of the air entering the galvanic pile;
the gas pressure sensor is arranged on the inner wall of the pipeline at the air inlet of the galvanic pile and used for acquiring the pressure of the air entering the galvanic pile;
the gas temperature sensor is arranged on the inner wall of the pipeline at the air inlet of the galvanic pile and used for acquiring the temperature of air entering the galvanic pile;
and the liquid level sensor is arranged in the water separator and used for acquiring the accumulated liquid level height in the water separator.
Compared with the prior art, the invention can realize at least one of the following beneficial effects:
1. the oxygen concentration in the reactor can be flexibly adjusted according to the use requirement (such as a low-oxygen environment and an oxygen-enriched environment).
2. The ejector realizes a scheme of oxygen backflow recycling, and the circulating pump realizes another scheme of confluence recycling. And when the required power generation power of the fuel cell is greater than a set value, closing the drainage branch of the ejector, and independently starting the circulating pump to perform rapid gas circulation. Can efficiently utilize the high-concentration oxygen resource produced by the power generation of the renewable energy sources and improve the utilization rate of the renewable energy sources.
3. The low-temperature oxygen after the two-stage decompression of the oxygen storage tank is mixed with the high-temperature gas which is formed by the air after the air compressor is used for pressurization, the high-temperature gas and the low-temperature gas are mixed and subjected to heat exchange, a thermostat is favorably cancelled or the size of the thermostat is favorably reduced, the comprehensive utilization of energy is realized, and the efficiency and the integration level of an air side gas supply system of the fuel cell stack are improved.
This summary is provided to introduce a selection of concepts in a simplified form that are further described below in the detailed description. This summary is not intended to identify key features or essential features of the disclosure, nor is it intended to be used to limit the scope of the disclosure.
Drawings
The foregoing and other objects, features and advantages of the disclosure will be apparent from the following more particular descriptions of exemplary embodiments of the disclosure as illustrated in the accompanying drawings wherein like reference numbers generally represent like parts throughout the exemplary embodiments of the disclosure.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the composition of an air-side gas supply system of a fuel cell stack according to example 1;
FIG. 2 shows schematic diagrams of the air side oxygen concentration control logic of examples 2 and 3;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the composition of an air-side gas supply system of a fuel cell stack according to example 2;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram showing the composition of an air-side gas supply system of the fuel cell stack of example 3.
Reference numerals:
s1-an oxygen concentration sensor; a T-gas temperature sensor; p1-gas pressure sensor.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. While embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present disclosure may be embodied in various forms and should not be limited by the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art.
The term "include" and variations thereof as used herein is meant to be inclusive in an open-ended manner, i.e., "including but not limited to". Unless specifically stated otherwise, the term "or" means "and/or". The term "based on" means "based at least in part on". The terms "one example embodiment" and "one embodiment" mean "at least one example embodiment". The term "another embodiment" means "at least one additional embodiment". The terms "first," "second," and the like may refer to different or the same objects. Other explicit and implicit definitions are also possible below.
Example 1
One embodiment of the present invention discloses an air side supply system of a fuel cell stack, as shown in fig. 1, including an air compressor, an oxygen storage tank, a pressure reducing valve, a proportional valve, a circulation pump, a mixer, a water separator, and a controller.
The output end of the air compressor is connected with the first input end of the mixer, and the branch where the air compressor is located forms an air compressor air supply branch of an air side air supply system of the fuel cell stack.
The output end of the oxygen storage tank is connected with the second input end of the mixer through a pressure reducing valve and a proportional valve in sequence, and the branch forms an oxygen storage tank gas supply branch of an air side gas supply system of the fuel cell stack.
The air tail gas outlet of the electric pile is connected with the input end III of the mixer (the branch forms the air circulation branch of the air side air supply system of the fuel cell electric pile) through the dry gas outlet of the water separator and the circulation pump, and the air inlet of the air tail gas outlet is connected with the output end of the mixer.
A controller for determining an oxygen concentration range (which may be set, may be obtained by examining a manual according to conditions of use, and is not uniquely set) for efficient power generation of the fuel cell; and acquiring the oxygen concentration C of the reactor entering air at regular time, identifying whether the C is in the oxygen concentration range, if so, maintaining the current states of the air compressor and the proportional valve unchanged, otherwise, adjusting the rotating speed of the air compressor and the opening degree of the proportional valve to ensure that the C is always kept in the oxygen concentration range and the pressure of the reactor entering air is maintained unchanged.
Alternatively, the proportional valve may be continuously controlled or on-off controlled. When the oxygen concentration of the reactor-entering air is too high, more air and less oxygen are needed; when the oxygen concentration of the reactor entering air is too low, less air and more oxygen are needed, and based on the principle, control schemes of various oxygen storage tank air supply branches and air compressor air supply branches can be established through calibration, and are not unique, so that limitation is not required, and a person skilled in the art can understand the control scheme.
When the device is implemented, high-pressure high-concentration oxygen stored in an oxygen storage tank is decompressed by a decompression valve, and then the decompressed low-temperature gas is used as an input gas and enters a mixer; high-temperature gas output by the air compressor enters the mixer as input II; high-temperature air tail gas output by the galvanic pile enters the mixer through the water separator and the circulating pump as input three. Three paths of gas in the mixer are subjected to heat exchange and enter the reactor to participate in electrochemical reaction to generate electricity, and the pressure of the air entering the reactor is kept unchanged in the oxygen concentration adjusting process.
Compared with the prior art, the air-side air supply system of the fuel cell stack provided by the embodiment provides an air-side air supply system scheme of the fuel cell stack, which can flexibly adjust the oxygen concentration, and is beneficial to avoiding irreversible damage of high-concentration oxygen to key materials such as a catalyst, a carbon carrier and a proton exchange membrane in the fuel cell, and improving the durability and reliability of the air-side air supply system of the fuel cell stack. By adopting the scheme of the air side gas supply system of the fuel cell stack for the backflow cyclic utilization of the high-concentration oxygen, the high-concentration oxygen resource generated by the power generation of the renewable energy can be efficiently utilized, and the utilization rate of the renewable energy is improved. The mixing proportion of high-concentration oxygen and air can be adjusted by adjusting the opening degree or opening duty ratio of the proportional valve and the rotating speed of the air compressor, so that the concentration of the air entering the reactor can be flexibly adjusted. The air is pressurized by an air compressor, the temperature of the air rises, the air is changed into high-temperature gas, the high-temperature gas is subjected to heat exchange with the high-temperature gas output by the circulating pump and the decompressed low-temperature oxygen, the high-temperature gas and the decompressed low-temperature oxygen are fully mixed, and then the high-temperature gas and the decompressed low-temperature oxygen enter the electric pile. The mixed heat exchange of the high-temperature gas and the low-temperature gas is beneficial to canceling the design of a thermostat or reducing the size of the thermostat, realizing the comprehensive utilization of energy and improving the efficiency and the integration level of an air side gas supply system of the fuel cell stack.
Example 2
The improvement is made on the basis of the embodiment 1, and the mixer comprises a premixing pipeline and a intercooler which are arranged in sequence, as shown in figure 3.
The premixing pipeline comprises a straight pipe made of heat-resistant materials, one end of the straight pipe is communicated with the proportional valve, the side of the straight pipe is respectively communicated with the output ends of the air compressor and the circulating pump, and the other end of the straight pipe is communicated with the gas input end of the intercooler.
The air input end of the intercooler is connected with the other end of the straight pipe of the premixing pipeline, the output end of the intercooler is connected with the air inlet of the electric pile, and the control end of the intercooler is connected with the output end of the controller. The intercooler has the gas cooling function to can make the cold and hot gas mixture of entering more abundant, more even.
And the controller is also used for starting the intercooler so as to fully mix the gas entering the intercooler.
Preferably, the air-side air supply system of the fuel cell stack further comprises an exhaust valve, a drain valve, an air filter, a flow meter, and other devices (including a hydrogen supply subsystem and a coolant regulation subsystem).
The exhaust valve is arranged at the dry gas outlet of the water separator, and the control end of the exhaust valve is connected with the input end of the controller. And the controller is also used for periodically starting the exhaust valve to periodically exhaust part of gas in the water separator so as to prevent gas accumulation, so that the overpressure of the cathode of the pile is caused, and the data of the liquid level sensor and the water separation efficiency are influenced.
The water discharge valve is provided with a liquid outlet at the bottom of the water separator, and the control end of the water discharge valve is connected with the output end of the controller. A liquid level sensor (preferably, an ultrasonic liquid level sensor) for acquiring the liquid level height in the water separator is arranged in the water separator, and the output end of the liquid level sensor is connected with the input end of the controller. And the controller is also used for monitoring the accumulated liquid level height in the water separator in real time and starting the drain valve when the liquid level height reaches a set value.
Air cleaner, flowmeter set gradually in the input of air compressor machine. The data output end of the flowmeter is connected with the input end of the controller. And the controller is also used for adjusting the power supply power of the air compressor according to the data of the flow meter.
Preferably, the controller further comprises a data acquisition unit and a data processing and control unit which are connected in sequence.
The data acquisition unit further comprises an oxygen concentration sensor S1, a gas pressure sensor P1, a gas temperature sensor T and a liquid level sensor.
And the oxygen concentration sensor S1 is arranged on the inner wall of the pipeline at the air inlet of the galvanic pile and is used for acquiring the oxygen concentration C of the air entering the galvanic pile.
And the gas pressure sensor P1 is arranged on the inner wall of the pipeline at the air inlet of the galvanic pile and is used for acquiring the pressure of the air entering the galvanic pile.
And the gas temperature sensor T is arranged on the inner wall of the pipeline at the air inlet of the galvanic pile and is used for acquiring the temperature of air entering the galvanic pile.
And the liquid level sensor is arranged in the water separator and used for acquiring the accumulated liquid level height in the water separator.
The data processing and control unit executes the following programs to complete the regulation and control function of the oxygen concentration on the air side:
s1, acquiring oxygen concentration C of reactor entering air at regular time;
s2, identifying whether the oxygen concentration C of the air entering the reactor is higher than a set value C 1 If so, controlling the rotation speed of the air compressor to increase, and controlling the opening of the proportional valve to decrease or opening the duty ratio to decrease so as to decrease the oxygen concentration C of the reactor-entering air under the condition of not changing the pressure of the reactor-entering air, otherwise, executing the next step; wherein, the set value C 1 An upper limit of the oxygen concentration range for efficient power generation of the fuel cell;
s3, identifying whether the in-pile oxygen concentration C is lower than a set value C 2 If so, controlling the rotation speed of the air compressor to be reduced, and simultaneously controlling the opening degree of the proportional valve to be increased or the opening duty ratio to be increased so as to increase the oxygen concentration C of the stack entering air under the condition of not changing the pressure of the stack entering air, otherwise, judging that the C is in the oxygen concentration range of the fuel cell high-efficiency power generation, and maintaining the running states of the air compressor and the proportional valve unchanged; wherein, the set value C 2 The lower limit of the oxygen concentration range for efficient power generation of the fuel cell.
The oxygen concentration control logic of the controller is shown in fig. 2, and the mixing ratio of the high-concentration oxygen and the air can be adjusted by adjusting the opening or opening duty ratio of the proportional valve and the rotating speed of the air compressor, so that the concentration of the air entering the pile can be flexibly adjusted.
The data processing and control unit is also provided with a display module, and real-time data collected by the oxygen concentration sensor S1, the gas pressure sensor P1, the gas temperature sensor T and the liquid level sensor are displayed on the display module.
Preferably, the air side supply system further comprises a humidifier. Wherein, the air inlet of the galvanic pile is connected with the output end of the mixer through the dry gas branch circuit of the humidifier, and the air tail gas outlet is connected with the wet gas inlet of the water separator through the wet gas branch circuit of the humidifier.
Preferably, the pressure reducing valve, the proportional valve, the air compressor, the intercooler, the circulating pump, the water separator, the drain valve and the exhaust valve are integrated into a whole.
When the device is implemented, the high-pressure high-concentration oxygen in the oxygen storage tank is decompressed through the decompression valve, then decompressed again through the proportional valve, and then enters an intercooler of the mixer as a forward cold input air flow for heat exchange. The intercooler has the gas mixing function when refrigerating. In order to dilute the high-concentration oxygen to a proper concentration, air is pressurized sequentially through an air filter, a flow meter and an air compressor (high-temperature gas is obtained), and the air is converged with the gas at the outlet of the proportional valve and enters an intercooler for heat exchange. The air filter is used for removing impurities such as dust, harmful gas and the like in air. The oxygen concentration sensor S1, the temperature sensor T and the pressure sensor P1 which are arranged at the air inlet of the galvanic pile are respectively used for monitoring the oxygen concentration, the temperature and the pressure of the mixed and diluted gas in real time. And (4) feeding the diluted and mixed gas into the electric pile. The energy comprehensive utilization is realized by the mixed heat exchange of the high-temperature gas and the low-temperature gas, and the size of the thermostat is favorably cancelled or reduced. This embodiment eliminates the thermostat.
And (3) allowing the high-temperature and high-humidity gas discharged from the reactor to enter the water separator, separating a part of liquid water, and opening a drain valve to discharge the liquid water out of the water separator when the liquid level sensor detects that the liquid water in the water separator reaches a certain amount. A small portion of the gas in the trap is periodically vented through a vent valve. Under the action of the circulating pump, gas in the water separator flows back to an outlet of the proportional valve, and then enters the intercooler after meeting with gas output by the proportional valve, and then enters the electric pile again after being fully mixed, so that the cyclic utilization of high-concentration oxygen is realized.
Compared with the prior art, the air-side air supply system of the fuel cell stack of the embodiment has the following beneficial effects:
1. the oxygen concentration in the reactor can be flexibly adjusted according to the use requirement (such as a low-oxygen environment and an oxygen-enriched environment).
2. The scheme of realizing the oxygen backflow recycling through the ejector can efficiently utilize high-concentration oxygen resources produced by power generation of renewable energy sources, and improve the utilization rate of the renewable energy sources.
3. The oxygen is throttled by the ejector and then becomes low-temperature gas, the air is pressurized by the air compressor and then becomes high-temperature gas, the high-temperature gas and the low-temperature gas are mixed and subjected to heat exchange, so that a thermostat is omitted or the size of the thermostat is reduced, the comprehensive utilization of energy is realized, and the efficiency and the integration level of an air side gas supply system of the fuel cell stack are improved.
Example 3
The improvement is carried out on the basis of the embodiment 2, and the air supply system on the empty side of the fuel cell stack further comprises an ejector, a return valve V1 and a return valve V2, as shown in FIG. 4. The return valve is used for protecting the air circulation branch from being damaged due to overhigh pressure.
The jet inlet of the ejector is connected with the output end of the air compressor, the drainage inlet of the ejector is connected with the dry gas outlet of the water separator through the reflux valve V1, and the confluence outlet of the ejector is connected with the input end of the mixer.
The return valve V2 is arranged between a dry gas outlet of the water separator and an input end of the circulating pump. The control ends of the reflux valve V1 and the reflux valve V2 are respectively connected with the output end of the controller.
And the controller is also used for starting the circulating pump, closing the reflux valve V1 and opening the reflux valve V2 when the required power generation power of the fuel cell is greater than a set value.
Preferably, the pressure reducing valve, the proportional valve, the air compressor, the ejector, the intercooler, the circulating pump, the water separator, the drain valve, the exhaust valve, the return valve V1 and the return valve V2 are all integrated into a whole.
Preferably, the air-side air supply system of the fuel cell stack further includes a back pressure valve. The back pressure valve is arranged between the wet side outlet of the humidifier and the wet gas inlet of the water separator.
The air side oxygen concentration control scheme of the controller is shown in fig. 2.
When the device is implemented, the high-pressure high-concentration oxygen stored in the oxygen storage tank is decompressed through the decompression valve, and then is decompressed again through the proportional valve and enters the intercooler for heat exchange. The intercooler has heat exchange and gas mixing function simultaneously. In order to dilute the high-concentration oxygen to a proper concentration, air is pressurized by an air compressor through a flowmeter after impurities such as dust, harmful gas and the like in the air are removed through an air filter, then the temperature of the air is increased to be changed into high-temperature gas, the high-temperature gas enters an ejector to be converged with the output gas of a return valve V1 and then is sprayed at a high speed, and the high-temperature gas is converged with the output gas of a proportional valve and then enters an intercooler for heat exchange. The energy comprehensive utilization is realized by the mixed heat exchange of the high-temperature gas and the low-temperature gas, and the size of the thermostat is favorably cancelled or reduced. This embodiment eliminates the thermostat.
And an oxygen concentration sensor S1, a gas temperature sensor T and a gas pressure sensor P1 which are arranged at an air inlet of the galvanic pile are respectively used for monitoring the oxygen concentration, the temperature and the pressure of the mixed and diluted gas in real time. And the diluted and mixed gas enters the electric pile through a humidifier.
And (3) the high-temperature and high-humidity gas discharged from the stack sequentially enters the water separator through the humidifier and the back pressure valve, a part of liquid water is separated, and when the liquid level sensor detects that the liquid water in the water separator reaches a certain amount, the water separator is discharged by opening the drain valve. Under the drainage action of the high-speed jet air flow of the ejector, part of the air in the water separator flows back to the ejector through the return valve V1, is mixed with the high-speed jet air flow, enters the intercooler, is fully mixed, and then enters the galvanic pile again. And the other part of gas in the water separator flows back to the intercooler through the return valve V2 under the action of the circulating pump, is fully mixed and then enters the electric pile again, so that the recycling of the high-concentration oxygen is realized. A small portion of the gas in the trap is periodically vented through a vent valve.
Compared with the prior art, the air-side air supply system of the fuel cell stack provided by the embodiment has the following beneficial effects:
1. the oxygen concentration in the reactor can be flexibly adjusted according to the use requirements (such as a low-oxygen environment and an oxygen-enriched environment).
2. The ejector realizes a scheme of oxygen backflow recycling, and the circulating pump realizes another scheme of confluence recycling. And when the required power generation power of the fuel cell is greater than a set value, closing the drainage branch of the ejector, and independently starting the circulating pump to perform rapid gas circulation. Can efficiently utilize the high-concentration oxygen resource produced by the power generation of the renewable energy sources and improve the utilization rate of the renewable energy sources.
3. The low-temperature oxygen after the two-stage decompression of the oxygen storage tank is mixed with the high-temperature gas which is formed by the air after the air compressor is used for pressurization, the high-temperature gas and the low-temperature gas are mixed and subjected to heat exchange, a thermostat is favorably cancelled or the size of the thermostat is favorably reduced, the comprehensive utilization of energy is realized, and the efficiency and the integration level of an air side gas supply system of the fuel cell stack are improved.
Having described embodiments of the present disclosure, the foregoing description is intended to be exemplary, not exhaustive, and not limited to the disclosed embodiments. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the described embodiments. The terminology used herein was chosen in order to best explain the principles of the embodiments, the practical application, or improvements over the prior art, or to enable others of ordinary skill in the art to understand the embodiments disclosed herein.
Claims (10)
1. An air side air supply system of a fuel cell stack is characterized by comprising an air compressor, an oxygen storage tank, a pressure reducing valve, a proportional valve, a circulating pump, a mixer, a water separator and a controller; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the output end of the air compressor is connected with the first input end of the mixer; the output end of the oxygen storage tank is connected with the second input end of the mixer through a pressure reducing valve and a proportional valve in sequence; an air tail gas outlet of the galvanic pile is connected with the input end III of the mixer through a dry gas outlet of the water separator and the circulating pump, and an air inlet of the galvanic pile is connected with the output end of the mixer;
a controller for determining an oxygen concentration range in which the fuel cell generates electricity efficiently; and acquiring the oxygen concentration C of the reactor entering air at regular time, identifying whether the C is in the oxygen concentration range, if so, maintaining the current states of the air compressor and the proportional valve unchanged, otherwise, adjusting the rotating speed of the air compressor and the opening degree of the proportional valve to ensure that the C is always kept in the oxygen concentration range and the pressure of the reactor entering air is maintained unchanged.
2. The air-side air supply system for a fuel cell stack according to claim 1, wherein the mixer further comprises a premixing pipe and a intercooler arranged in sequence; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the premixing pipeline comprises a straight pipe made of heat-resistant materials, one end of the straight pipe is communicated with the proportional valve, and the side of the straight pipe is respectively communicated with the output ends of the air compressor and the circulating pump;
the gas input end of the intercooler is connected with the other end of the straight pipe of the premixing pipeline, the output end of the intercooler is connected with the air inlet of the electric pile, and the control end of the intercooler is connected with the output end of the controller;
and the controller is also used for starting the intercooler so as to fully mix the gas entering the intercooler.
3. The air-side air supply system of a fuel cell stack according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising an exhaust valve; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the exhaust valve is arranged at the dry gas outlet of the water separator, and the control end of the exhaust valve is connected with the output end of the controller;
and the controller is also used for periodically starting the exhaust valve to periodically exhaust part of the gas in the water separator.
4. The air-side air supply system of a fuel cell stack according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the controller executes the following program:
acquiring the oxygen concentration C of reactor-entering air at regular time;
identifying whether the oxygen concentration C of the reactor-entering air is higher than a set value C 1 If so, controlling the rotation speed of the air compressor to increase, and controlling the opening of the proportional valve to decrease or opening the duty ratio to decrease so as to decrease the oxygen concentration C of the reactor-entering air under the condition of not changing the pressure of the reactor-entering air, otherwise, executing the next step; wherein, the set value C 1 An upper limit of the oxygen concentration range for efficient power generation of the fuel cell;
identifying whether the reactor-entering oxygen concentration C is lower than a set valueC 2 If so, controlling the rotation speed of the air compressor to be reduced, and simultaneously controlling the opening degree of the proportional valve to be increased or the opening duty ratio to be increased so as to increase the oxygen concentration C of the stack entering air under the condition of not changing the pressure of the stack entering air, otherwise, judging that the C is in the oxygen concentration range of the fuel cell high-efficiency power generation, and maintaining the running states of the air compressor and the proportional valve unchanged; wherein, the value C is set 2 The lower limit of the oxygen concentration range for efficient power generation of the fuel cell.
5. The air-side gas supply system of a fuel cell stack according to claim 3, further comprising an ejector, a return valve V1; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the jet flow inlet of the ejector is connected with the output end of the air compressor, the drainage inlet of the ejector is connected with the dry gas outlet of the water separator through the reflux valve V1, and the confluence outlet of the ejector is connected with the input end of the mixer;
the control end of the return valve V1 is connected with the output end of the controller;
and the controller is also used for starting the circulating pump and closing the return valve V1 when the required power generation power of the fuel cell is greater than a set value.
6. The air-side gas supply system of a fuel cell stack according to claim 5, further comprising a drain valve; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the drain valve is arranged at a liquid outlet at the bottom of the water separator, and the control end of the drain valve is connected with the output end of the controller;
and the controller is also used for monitoring the accumulated liquid level height in the water separator at regular time and starting the drain valve when the liquid level height reaches a set value.
7. The air-side air supply system for a fuel cell stack according to claim 6, further comprising an air filter, a flow meter; wherein, the first and the second end of the pipe are connected with each other,
the air filter and the flowmeter are sequentially arranged at the input end of the air compressor; the data output end of the flowmeter is connected with the input end of the controller;
and the controller is also used for adjusting the power supply power of the air compressor according to the data of the flow meter.
8. The air-side gas supply system of a fuel cell stack according to any one of claims 5 to 7, further comprising a return valve V2; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the reflux valve V2 is arranged between a dry gas outlet of the water separator and the input end of the circulating pump, and the control end of the reflux valve is connected with the output end of the controller.
9. The air-side air supply system of a fuel cell stack according to any one of claims 1, 2, 5, 6, and 7, further comprising a humidifier; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the air inlet of the electric pile is connected with the output end of the mixer through the dry gas branch path of the humidifier, and the air tail gas outlet of the electric pile is connected with the wet gas inlet of the water separator through the wet gas branch path of the humidifier.
10. The air-side air supply system of the fuel cell stack according to any one of claims 1, 2, 5, 6 and 7, wherein the controller comprises a data acquisition unit and a data processing and control unit which are connected in sequence; the data acquisition unit further comprises:
the oxygen concentration sensor is arranged on the inner wall of the pipeline at the air inlet of the galvanic pile and is used for acquiring the oxygen concentration C of the air entering the galvanic pile;
the gas pressure sensor is arranged on the inner wall of the pipeline at the air inlet of the galvanic pile and is used for acquiring the pressure of air entering the galvanic pile;
the gas temperature sensor is arranged on the inner wall of the pipeline at the air inlet of the galvanic pile and used for acquiring the temperature of air entering the galvanic pile;
and the liquid level sensor is arranged in the water separator and used for acquiring the accumulated liquid level height in the water separator.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202310131741.2A CN115954500A (en) | 2023-02-18 | 2023-02-18 | Air side air supply system of fuel cell stack |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202310131741.2A CN115954500A (en) | 2023-02-18 | 2023-02-18 | Air side air supply system of fuel cell stack |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116544465A (en) * | 2023-05-22 | 2023-08-04 | 清华大学 | Control method, system, device, equipment and storage medium of fuel cell |
| CN116706158A (en) * | 2023-06-28 | 2023-09-05 | 北京亿华通科技股份有限公司 | Air side air inlet temperature and humidity combined control device of fuel cell |
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2023
- 2023-02-18 CN CN202310131741.2A patent/CN115954500A/en active Pending
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116544465A (en) * | 2023-05-22 | 2023-08-04 | 清华大学 | Control method, system, device, equipment and storage medium of fuel cell |
| CN116544465B (en) * | 2023-05-22 | 2024-03-12 | 清华大学 | Control method, system, device, equipment and storage medium of fuel cell |
| CN116706158A (en) * | 2023-06-28 | 2023-09-05 | 北京亿华通科技股份有限公司 | Air side air inlet temperature and humidity combined control device of fuel cell |
| CN116706158B (en) * | 2023-06-28 | 2023-12-22 | 北京亿华通科技股份有限公司 | Air side air inlet temperature and humidity combined control device of fuel cell |
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