CN116544465B - Control method, system, device, equipment and storage medium of fuel cell - Google Patents
Control method, system, device, equipment and storage medium of fuel cell Download PDFInfo
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- CN116544465B CN116544465B CN202310579793.6A CN202310579793A CN116544465B CN 116544465 B CN116544465 B CN 116544465B CN 202310579793 A CN202310579793 A CN 202310579793A CN 116544465 B CN116544465 B CN 116544465B
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04992—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the implementation of mathematical or computational algorithms, e.g. feedback control loops, fuzzy logic, neural networks or artificial intelligence
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/04097—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with recycling of the reactants
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04201—Reactant storage and supply, e.g. means for feeding, pipes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/0444—Concentration; Density
- H01M8/04447—Concentration; Density of anode reactants at the inlet or inside the fuel cell
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/0444—Concentration; Density
- H01M8/04455—Concentration; Density of cathode reactants at the inlet or inside the fuel cell
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/04537—Electric variables
- H01M8/04574—Current
- H01M8/04582—Current of the individual fuel cell
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04746—Pressure; Flow
- H01M8/04753—Pressure; Flow of fuel cell reactants
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Abstract
The application relates to a control method, a system, a device, equipment and a storage medium of a fuel cell, wherein the method comprises the following steps: acquiring the current and the target electrode gas concentration of the fuel cell, and determining the target circulating gas metering ratio and the injection gas metering ratio of the target electrode of the fuel cell according to the current and the target electrode gas concentration; the target is the cathode and/or anode of the fuel cell; determining the working rotation speed of a circulating pump of a target electrode according to the target circulating gas metering ratio and the injection gas metering ratio; the working speed of the circulating pump is used for compensating the circulating gas flow required by the target electrode of the fuel cell; controlling the fuel cell to work under the condition that the circulating pump runs at a working rotating speed; the target electrode gas concentration is any concentration in a concentration range which enables the power generation performance of the fuel cell to reach a preset performance value and is smaller than the corrosion concentration of the proton exchange membrane in the fuel cell. The method improves the power generation efficiency of the fuel cell during operation.
Description
Technical Field
The present disclosure relates to the field of battery technologies, and in particular, to a method, a system, an apparatus, a device, and a storage medium for controlling a fuel cell.
Background
The advancement of industrial technology creates serious pollution and environmental problems.
In the related art, a fuel cell is adopted as a power generation device to reduce the environmental pollution problem; taking an oxyhydrogen fuel cell as an example, pure hydrogen is used as fuel, pure oxygen is used as oxidant, and the pure hydrogen and the pure oxygen can be completely consumed by the fuel cell, so that zero emission of cathode and anode reaction gas is realized.
However, the fuel cell in the related art has a problem of low power generation efficiency.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the foregoing, it is desirable to provide a control method, system, apparatus, device, and storage medium for a fuel cell that can improve the power generation efficiency of the fuel cell.
In a first aspect, the present application provides a control method of a fuel cell, the method including:
acquiring the current and target electrode gas concentration of the fuel cell; the target electrode gas concentration is any concentration which enables the power generation performance of the fuel cell to reach a preset performance value and is smaller than the corrosion concentration of the proton exchange membrane in the fuel cell;
determining a target circulating gas metering ratio and an injection gas metering ratio of a target electrode of the fuel cell according to the current and the target electrode gas concentration; the target is the cathode and/or anode of the fuel cell;
Determining the working rotation speed of a circulating pump of a target electrode according to the target circulating gas metering ratio and the injection gas metering ratio; the working speed of the circulating pump is used for compensating the circulating gas flow required by the target electrode of the fuel cell;
the fuel cell is controlled to operate with the circulation pump operating at an operating speed.
In one embodiment, determining the operating speed of the circulation pump of the target pole according to the target circulation gas metering ratio and the injection gas metering ratio comprises:
determining the gas metering ratio to be provided by the circulating pump of the target electrode according to the target circulating gas metering ratio and the injection gas metering ratio;
and determining the working rotation speed of the circulating pump of the target electrode according to the current of the fuel cell, the target electrode gas concentration and the gas metering ratio required to be provided by the circulating pump.
In one embodiment, determining the operating speed of the circulation pump of the target electrode based on the current of the fuel cell, the target electrode gas concentration, and the gas metering ratio to be provided by the circulation pump includes:
determining the target flow of the circulating pump according to the gas metering ratio, the current and the target electrode gas concentration required to be provided by the circulating pump;
determining a reference rotating speed of the circulating pump according to the target flow of the circulating pump;
And determining the working rotation speed of the circulating pump of the target pole according to the flooding state of the target pole and the reference rotation speed.
In one embodiment, the flooded condition includes flooding and flooding not occurring; determining the working rotation speed of the circulating pump of the target pole according to the flooding state of the target pole and the reference rotation speed, wherein the working rotation speed comprises the following steps:
under the condition that the target pole is flooded, determining the working rotation speed of the circulating pump according to the preset additional rotation speed and the reference rotation speed;
and under the condition that the target pole is not flooded, determining the working rotation speed of the circulating pump as the reference rotation speed of the circulating pump.
In a second aspect, the present application provides a control system for a fuel cell, the control system comprising: the target pole ejector and the target pole circulating pump are connected in parallel; the target electrode air outlet of the fuel cell is connected with the target electrode air inlet of the fuel cell through a target electrode ejector and a target electrode circulating pump; the target is the cathode and/or anode of the fuel cell;
the target electrode ejector is used for sucking the gas at the gas outlet of the target electrode to the gas inlet of the target electrode;
and the target pole circulating pump is used for conveying the gas at the gas outlet of the target pole to the gas inlet of the target pole so as to compensate the circulating gas flow required by the target pole of the fuel cell.
In one embodiment, the target is a cathode, and the control system comprises a cathode ejector and a cathode circulating pump which are connected in parallel; the cathode air outlet of the fuel cell is connected with the cathode air inlet of the fuel cell through a cathode ejector and a cathode circulating pump;
the cathode ejector is used for sucking the gas at the cathode gas outlet to the cathode gas inlet;
and the cathode circulating pump is used for conveying the gas at the cathode outlet to the cathode inlet so as to compensate the circulating gas flow required by the cathode of the fuel cell.
In one embodiment, the control system further comprises a cathode gas-water separator and a first solenoid valve; the cathode gas outlet is connected with a cathode gas-water separator, the cathode gas-water separator is connected with a cathode circulating pump through a first electromagnetic valve, and the cathode gas-water separator is connected with a cathode ejector;
a cathode gas-water separator for separating gas and moisture in a cathode of the fuel cell;
and the first electromagnetic valve is used for cutting off a loop of conveying gas to the cathode through the cathode circulating pump from the cathode gas outlet under the condition that the working rotating speed of the cathode circulating pump is 0.
In one embodiment, a cathode liquid level sensor and a cathode drain valve are arranged on the cathode gas-water separator, and the cathode liquid level sensor is used for detecting the cathode water level in the cathode gas-water separator;
And the cathode gas-water separator is also used for controlling the opening of the cathode drain valve under the condition that the cathode water level is greater than a preset first height threshold value so as to drain the water in the cathode gas-water separator until the cathode water level is less than or equal to a preset second height threshold value, wherein the second height threshold value is less than the first height threshold value.
In one embodiment, the control system further comprises: the cathode energy storage device, the replacement energy storage device and the cathode mixing cavity; the cathode energy storage device is connected with the cathode air inlet through the cathode ejector and the cathode mixing cavity in sequence; the replacement energy storage device is connected with a cathode air inlet through a cathode mixing cavity; the cathode circulating pump is connected with the cathode air inlet through the cathode mixing cavity;
a displacement energy storage device for injecting an inert gas into the cathode of the fuel cell through the cathode inlet; the inert gas is used for enabling the cathode gas concentration of the cathode to meet the power generation performance of the fuel cell to reach a preset performance value in the operation process of controlling the fuel cell, and is smaller than the corrosion concentration of the proton exchange membrane in the fuel cell;
and the cathode energy storage device is used for injecting cathode gas into the cathode through the cathode ejector, the cathode mixing cavity and the cathode air inlet.
In one embodiment, a cathode energy storage device includes a cathode energy storage unit and a cathode gas regulating valve; the cathode energy storage unit is connected with the cathode ejector through a cathode gas regulating valve;
The cathode energy storage unit is used for injecting cathode gas into the cathode through the cathode ejector, the cathode mixing cavity and the cathode air inlet;
and the cathode gas regulating valve is used for regulating the flow rate when the cathode energy storage unit injects cathode gas into the cathode.
In one embodiment, the displacement energy storage device comprises a displacement energy storage unit and a second solenoid valve; the replacement energy storage unit is connected with the cathode mixing cavity through a second electromagnetic valve;
and the second electromagnetic valve is used for controlling the replacement energy storage unit to inject inert gas into the cathode of the fuel cell through the cathode mixing cavity and the cathode air inlet.
In one embodiment, the target is an anode, and the control system comprises an anode ejector and an anode circulating pump, wherein the anode ejector and the anode circulating pump are connected in parallel; the anode gas outlet of the fuel cell is connected with the anode gas inlet of the fuel cell through an anode ejector and an anode circulating pump;
the anode ejector is used for sucking gas at the anode gas outlet to the anode gas inlet;
and the anode circulating pump is used for conveying the gas at the anode outlet to the anode inlet so as to compensate the circulating gas flow required by the anode of the fuel cell.
In one embodiment, the control system further comprises an anode gas-water separator and a third solenoid valve; the anode gas outlet is connected with an anode gas-water separator, the anode gas-water separator is connected with an anode circulating pump through a third electromagnetic valve, and the anode gas-water separator is connected with an anode ejector;
An anode gas-water separator for separating gas and moisture in an anode of the fuel cell;
and the third electromagnetic valve is used for cutting off a loop of conveying gas to the anode through the anode circulating pump at the anode gas outlet under the condition that the working rotating speed of the anode circulating pump is 0.
In one embodiment, an anode liquid level sensor and an anode drain valve are arranged on the anode gas-water separator, and the anode liquid level sensor is used for detecting the anode water level in the anode gas-water separator;
the anode gas-water separator is further used for controlling the opening of an anode drain valve under the condition that the anode water level is greater than a preset third height threshold value so as to drain water in the anode gas-water separator until the anode water level is less than or equal to a fourth height threshold value; the fourth height threshold is less than the third height threshold.
In one embodiment, the control system further comprises: an anode energy storage device and an anode mixing chamber; the anode energy storage device is connected with an anode air inlet through an anode ejector and an anode mixing cavity in sequence; the anode circulating pump is connected with an anode air inlet through an anode mixing cavity;
and the anode energy storage device is used for injecting anode gas into the anode through the anode ejector, the anode mixing cavity and the anode air inlet.
In one embodiment, an anode energy storage device includes an anode energy storage unit and an anode gas regulating valve; the anode energy storage unit is connected with the anode mixing cavity through an anode gas regulating valve and an anode ejector in sequence;
the anode energy storage unit is used for injecting anode gas into the anode through the anode ejector, the anode mixing cavity and the anode air inlet;
and the anode gas regulating valve is used for regulating the flow rate when the anode energy storage unit injects anode gas into the anode.
In one embodiment, the control system further comprises a target electrode concentration acquisition device mounted at a first preset position of the target electrode of the fuel cell;
and the target electrode concentration acquisition device is used for acquiring the target electrode gas concentration of the target electrode of the fuel cell.
In one embodiment, the control system further comprises a target extreme pressure force acquisition device mounted at a second preset position of the target pole of the fuel cell;
and the target extreme pressure acquisition device is used for acquiring the target extreme pressure of the fuel cell.
In a third aspect, the present application also provides a control device for a fuel cell, the device comprising:
the parameter acquisition module is used for acquiring the current of the fuel cell and the target electrode gas concentration; the target electrode gas concentration is any concentration which enables the power generation performance of the fuel cell to reach a preset performance value and is smaller than the corrosion concentration of the proton exchange membrane in the fuel cell;
The metering ratio acquisition module is used for determining a target circulating gas metering ratio and an injection gas metering ratio of a target electrode of the fuel cell according to the current and the target electrode gas concentration; the target is the cathode and/or anode of the fuel cell;
the rotating speed determining module is used for determining the working rotating speed of the circulating pump of the target electrode according to the target circulating gas metering ratio and the injection gas metering ratio; the working speed of the circulating pump is used for compensating the circulating gas flow required by the target electrode of the fuel cell;
and the control module is used for controlling the fuel cell to work under the condition that the circulating pump runs at the working rotating speed.
In a fourth aspect, embodiments of the present application provide a computer device comprising a memory and a processor, the memory storing a computer program, the processor implementing the method steps of any of the embodiments of the first aspect described above when the computer program is executed.
In a fifth aspect, embodiments of the present application provide a computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, which computer program, when being executed by a processor, carries out the method steps of any of the embodiments of the first aspect described above.
In a sixth aspect, embodiments of the present application provide a computer program product comprising a computer program which, when executed by a processor, implements the method steps of any of the embodiments of the first aspect described above.
The control method, the system, the device, the equipment and the storage medium of the fuel cell acquire the current and the target electrode gas concentration of the fuel cell, and determine the target circulating gas metering ratio and the injection gas metering ratio of the target electrode of the fuel cell according to the current and the target electrode gas concentration; the target is the cathode and/or anode of the fuel cell; determining the working rotation speed of a circulating pump of a target electrode according to the target circulating gas metering ratio and the injection gas metering ratio; the working speed of the circulating pump is used for compensating the circulating gas flow required by the target electrode of the fuel cell; controlling the fuel cell to work under the condition that the circulating pump runs at a working rotating speed; the target electrode gas concentration is any concentration which enables the power generation performance of the fuel cell to reach a preset performance value and is smaller than the corrosion concentration of the proton exchange membrane in the fuel cell. In the method, the target electrode gas concentration of the fuel cell can be actively controlled, and is smaller than the corrosion concentration of the proton exchange membrane on one hand, so that the situation that the target electrode gas concentration is too high to corrode the proton exchange membrane between the cathode and the anode in the working process of the fuel cell is avoided, and the reliability and the service life of the fuel cell in the use process are improved; on the other hand, the gas concentration can meet the requirement that the power generation performance of the fuel cell reaches a preset performance value, so that the target fuel cell has better power generation performance; the ejector is used as a main control device for circulating gas flow, and because the ejector is a passive gas recirculation device, the gas at the target electrode gas outlet of the fuel cell can be directly sucked into the target electrode gas inlet, and the high-pressure gas can be utilized to drive circulation without externally inputting energy, so that the power generation efficiency of the fuel cell is improved; the circulating pump is used as a compensation device, and when the circulating flow of the ejector cannot meet the circulating flow of the fuel cell only under certain concentration and certain current, the circulating pump is used for compensating the circulating gas flow required by the fuel cell, so that the sufficient metering ratio of the fuel cell is ensured in a wide concentration and current range, the efficiency is improved, and meanwhile, the higher degree of freedom of concentration control is ensured.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a control system of a fuel cell in one embodiment;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of a control system of a fuel cell in another embodiment;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of a control system of a fuel cell in another embodiment;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of a control system of a fuel cell in another embodiment;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of a control system of a fuel cell in another embodiment;
fig. 6 is a schematic structural view of a control system of a fuel cell in another embodiment;
fig. 7 is a schematic structural view of a control system of a fuel cell in another embodiment;
fig. 8 is a schematic structural view of a control system of a fuel cell in another embodiment;
fig. 9 is a schematic structural view of a control system of a fuel cell in another embodiment;
fig. 10 is a schematic structural view of a control system of a fuel cell in another embodiment;
fig. 11 is a schematic structural view of a control system of a fuel cell in another embodiment;
fig. 12 is a schematic structural view of a control system of a fuel cell in another embodiment;
fig. 13 is a schematic structural view of a control system of a fuel cell in another embodiment;
fig. 14 is a flow chart showing a control method of the fuel cell in one embodiment;
Fig. 15 is a flowchart showing a control method of a fuel cell in another embodiment;
fig. 16 is a flow chart showing a control method of a fuel cell in another embodiment;
fig. 17 is a flowchart showing a control method of a fuel cell in another embodiment;
fig. 18 is a schematic diagram showing a change rule of a control method of the fuel cell in one embodiment;
fig. 19a is a schematic structural view of a control system of a fuel cell in another embodiment;
fig. 19b is a flowchart showing a control method of the fuel cell in another embodiment;
FIG. 20 is a schematic diagram of the saturated vapor pressure of water as a function of temperature for one embodiment;
fig. 21 is a flow chart showing a control method of a fuel cell in another embodiment;
fig. 22 is a block diagram showing the structure of a control device of a fuel cell in one embodiment;
fig. 23 is an internal structural view of the computer device in one embodiment.
Reference numerals illustrate:
11. a target pole injector; 12 target pole circulation pump;
13. a target electrode air outlet; 14 target pole air inlets;
21. a cathode injector; 22 cathode circulation pump;
23. a cathode outlet; 24 cathode inlet;
31. a cathode gas-water separator; 32 a first solenoid valve;
41. A cathode level sensor; 42 cathode drain valve;
51. a cathode energy storage device; 52 replacing the energy storage device;
53. a cathode mixing chamber; a cathode energy storage unit 61;
62. a cathode gas regulating valve; 71 displacing the energy storage unit;
72. a second electromagnetic valve; 81 anode injector;
82. an anode circulation pump; 83 anode gas outlet;
84. an anode gas inlet; 91 an anode gas-water separator;
92. a third electromagnetic valve; an anode level sensor 101;
102. an anode drain valve; a 111 anode energy storage device;
112. an anode mixing chamber; 121 an anode energy storage unit;
122. an anode gas regulating valve; 131 cathode concentration acquisition device;
132. a cathode pressure acquisition device; 133 anode pressure acquisition device.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present application more apparent, the present application will be further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the present application.
The fuel cell uses hydrogen as fuel and air/pure oxygen as oxidant, and directly converts chemical energy into electric energy through electrochemical reaction, and the product is water only, so that the fuel cell has the advantages of high efficiency, no pollution and the like.
Taking the application scenes of the fuel cell as vehicle power, marine power, portable power supply and fixed power generation as examples, the common characteristics of the application scenes are in an open environment, the fuel cell can take air in the environment as an oxidant, and cathode and anode tail gas is directly discharged into the environment, and the fuel cell is called a hydrogen-air fuel cell. In closed environments such as underwater, mines and the like, the fuel cell needs to carry an oxidant on one hand, and cannot discharge gas to the environment on the other hand, so that the configuration and the operation principle of the fuel cell in the closed environment are different from those of a hydrogen air fuel cell system.
In one approach, the fuel cell in the closed environment is a hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell using pure hydrogen as the fuel and pure oxygen as the oxidant. Pure hydrogen, pure oxygen, can be completely consumed by the fuel cell, so the fuel cell may not discharge gas to the environment, whereas oxyhydrogen fuel cells have the following drawbacks: (1) Pure oxygen has strong oxidizing property and strong corrosiveness, and is easy to cause corrosion degradation of the proton exchange membrane. (2) Under the same oxygen supply, the pure oxygen flow is only 1/5 of that of air, a pure oxygen circulating pump is needed, but no mature pure oxygen circulating pump exists at present, and the normal circulating pump takes pure oxygen as working medium, so that the pure oxygen is easy to break down and damage and has safety risks, the oxyhydrogen fuel cell system is difficult to realize high-flow oxygen circulation, the liquid water generated by the cathode is difficult to be discharged by the oxyhydrogen fuel cell due to small oxygen flow, and flooding is easy to occur. (3) The membrane electrode and the electric pile of the oxyhydrogen fuel cell need to be specially designed, and parts such as a pipeline, a valve and the like for pure oxygen also need to be made of special materials or processed technologies, so that the oxyhydrogen fuel cell cannot be used with a hydrogen air fuel cell. Therefore, the oxyhydrogen fuel cell in the related art results in a shorter lifetime of the oxyhydrogen fuel cell and a higher cost of the oxyhydrogen fuel cell system.
In another mode, pure hydrogen and pure oxygen are still supplied to the fuel cell, but a proper amount of nitrogen is introduced at the cathode of the fuel cell to reduce the oxygen concentration, and the nitrogen is not consumed and always circulates inside the fuel cell system. The reduction of the oxygen concentration enables the cathode to adopt a mature air circulating pump to realize high-flow recirculation, thereby solving the problems of difficult water drainage of the oxyhydrogen fuel cell and corrosion of the proton exchange membrane by pure oxygen and prolonging the service life of the fuel cell. However, the introduction of nitrogen gas into the cathode of the fuel cell has a problem in that nitrogen gas diffuses from the cathode to the anode through the proton exchange membrane, resulting in a continuous decrease in the hydrogen concentration of the anode and a continuous increase in the oxygen concentration of the cathode. Therefore, two measures of exhaust gas purification and nitrogen recirculation are adopted, and the specific modes are as follows: the anode tail discharge valve is periodically opened to discharge nitrogen and improve the anode hydrogen concentration, and hydrogen-containing tail gas is discharged into the exhaust purification device; when the anode tail discharge valve is opened, the cathode tail discharge valve is also synchronously opened, oxygen-containing tail gas and hydrogen-containing tail gas react in the exhaust purification device to generate water, and the rest gas is mainly nitrogen and is recycled to the cathode of the fuel cell through the nitrogen circulating pump and the recycling pipeline, so that the relative stability of the anode hydrogen concentration and the cathode oxygen concentration is ensured.
However, a special exhaust gas purifying device is required in the related art to consume hydrogen in anode exhaust gas, the system structure is complex, the volume is large, the cost is high, faults are easy to occur, and more power consuming components are required in the related art, so that the power generation efficiency of the fuel cell is low.
Based on the consideration, the application provides a control method of a fuel cell, which is used for obtaining the current and the target electrode gas concentration of the fuel cell and determining the target circulating gas metering ratio and the injection gas metering ratio of the target electrode of the fuel cell according to the current and the target electrode gas concentration; the target is the cathode and/or anode of the fuel cell; determining the working rotation speed of a circulating pump of a target electrode according to the target circulating gas metering ratio and the injection gas metering ratio; the working speed of the circulating pump is used for compensating the circulating gas flow required by the target electrode of the fuel cell; controlling the fuel cell to work under the condition that the circulating pump runs at a working rotating speed; the target electrode gas concentration is any concentration which enables the power generation performance of the fuel cell to reach a preset performance value and is smaller than the corrosion concentration of the proton exchange membrane in the fuel cell. In the method, the target electrode gas concentration of the fuel cell can be actively controlled, and is smaller than the corrosion concentration of the proton exchange membrane on one hand, so that the situation that the target electrode gas concentration is too high to corrode the proton exchange membrane between the cathode and the anode in the working process of the fuel cell is avoided, and the reliability and the service life of the fuel cell in the use process are improved; on the other hand, the gas concentration can meet the requirement that the power generation performance of the fuel cell reaches a preset performance value, so that the target fuel cell has better power generation performance; the ejector is used as a main control device for circulating gas flow, and because the ejector is a passive gas recirculation device, the gas at the target electrode gas outlet of the fuel cell can be directly sucked into the target electrode gas inlet, and the high-pressure gas can be utilized to drive circulation without externally inputting energy, so that the power generation efficiency of the fuel cell is improved; the circulating pump is used as a compensation device, and when the circulating flow of the ejector cannot meet the circulating flow of the fuel cell only under certain concentration and certain current, the circulating pump is used for compensating the circulating gas flow required by the fuel cell, so that the sufficient metering ratio of the fuel cell is ensured in a wide concentration and current range, the efficiency is improved, and meanwhile, the higher degree of freedom of concentration control is ensured.
The control method of the fuel cell provided in the embodiment of the present application is applied to a control system of the fuel cell, and therefore, before explaining the control method of the fuel cell provided in the embodiment of the present application, the control system of the fuel cell applied in the embodiment of the present application will be explained.
As shown in fig. 1, fig. 1 is a block diagram of a control system of a fuel cell according to an embodiment of the present application, where the control system includes: the target pole ejector 11 and the target pole circulating pump 12 are connected in parallel, and the target pole ejector 11 and the target pole circulating pump 12 are connected in parallel; the target electrode air outlet 13 of the fuel cell is connected with the target electrode air inlet 14 of the fuel cell through the target electrode ejector 11 and the target electrode circulating pump 12; the target is the cathode and/or anode of the fuel cell.
A target pole injector 11 for sucking gas at a target pole gas outlet 13 into a target pole gas inlet 14; a target circulation pump 12 for delivering the gas at the target gas outlet 13 to the target gas inlet 14 to compensate for the circulation gas flow rate required by the target of the fuel cell.
In order to improve the reactivity of the fuel cell and the flow rate of the gas entering the target electrode, the gas of the target electrode may be circulated, and thus, the gas circulation is achieved by connecting the target electrode gas outlet 13 with the target electrode gas inlet 14 through the target electrode circulation pump 12 and the target electrode injector 11.
The ejector is a passive gas recirculation device, high-pressure gas flows through a nozzle after entering the ejector, in the process, the gas flow speed is increased, the pressure is reduced, and according to the Bernoulli principle, the high-speed flowing gas can form a low-pressure area near the outlet of the nozzle, so that the gas at the gas outlet of the fuel cell is sucked into the gas inlet to form circulation. The ejector has the advantages that the ejector only utilizes the pressure potential energy contained in high-pressure gas to drive circulation, and external energy input is not needed, so that the power generation efficiency of the system can be improved.
However, the ejector has no power consumption, but the performance of the ejector is greatly changed along with the current and the gas concentration, and the requirement of the fuel cell on the target electrode circulating gas flow can not be met only by the ejector in a large current and gas concentration range.
Therefore, the target pole ejector 11 is arranged at the cathode and/or anode of the fuel cell, the target pole ejector 11 is connected with the target pole circulating pump 12 in parallel, and when the circulating flow of the target pole ejector 11 cannot meet the requirement of the fuel cell on the circulating gas flow of the target pole under the conditions of the current and the target pole gas concentration of the fuel cell, the circulating flow required by the target pole of the fuel cell is provided through the target pole ejector 11 and the target pole circulating pump 12 together, and the circulating flow gap which cannot be met by the target pole ejector 11 is compensated through controlling the rotating speed of the target pole circulating pump 12.
Alternatively, the circulating gas of the target electrode may be the remaining gas after the reaction of the target electrode, and the target electrode circulating pump 12 is used to overcome the pressure difference between the target electrode gas outlet 13 and the target electrode gas inlet 14, so that the gas of the target electrode can enter the target electrode gas inlet 14 from the target electrode gas outlet 13.
It should be noted that, the target electrode gas concentration of the fuel cell in the operation process can be actively controlled and can be adjusted according to actual requirements, and the target electrode gas concentration is any concentration in a concentration range that enables the power generation performance of the fuel cell to reach a preset performance value and is smaller than the corrosion concentration of the proton exchange membrane in the fuel cell.
In the fuel cell control system provided in the embodiment of the present application, the control system includes: the target pole ejector and the target pole circulating pump are connected in parallel; the target electrode air outlet of the fuel cell is connected with the target electrode air inlet of the fuel cell through a target electrode ejector and a target electrode circulating pump; the target is the cathode and/or anode of the fuel cell; the target electrode ejector is used for sucking the gas at the gas outlet of the target electrode to the gas inlet of the target electrode; and the target pole circulating pump is used for conveying the gas at the gas outlet of the target pole to the gas inlet of the target pole so as to compensate the circulating gas flow required by the target pole of the fuel cell. Because the ejector is a passive gas recirculation device, external input energy is not needed, and the circulating gas flow of the fuel cell is supplied through the target electrode ejector, so that the power generation efficiency of the fuel cell can be improved; and when the target pole injector can not meet the circulating gas flow required by the fuel cell under certain concentration and certain current, the circulating gas flow required by the target pole of the fuel cell is compensated by the target pole circulating pump, so that the power generation efficiency of the fuel cell is improved on the basis of ensuring the power generation performance of the fuel cell.
In the case where the target is cathodic, in one embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, the control system includes a cathode ejector 21 and a cathode circulation pump 22, the cathode ejector 21 and the cathode circulation pump 22 being connected in parallel; the cathode air outlet 23 of the fuel cell is connected with the cathode air inlet 24 of the fuel cell through the cathode ejector 21 and the cathode circulating pump 22;
a cathode ejector 21 for sucking gas at a cathode gas outlet 23 into a cathode gas inlet 24;
a cathode circulation pump 22 for delivering the gas at a cathode outlet 23 to a cathode inlet 24 to compensate for the circulation gas flow rate required by the cathode of the fuel cell.
Wherein, the cathode ejector 21 and the cathode circulating pump 22 are connected in parallel between the cathode air outlet 23 and the cathode air inlet 24 of the fuel cell, and the cathode ejector 21 can introduce the gas at the cathode air outlet 23 to the cathode through the cathode air inlet 24; when the circulation gas flow provided by the cathode ejector 21 cannot meet the circulation gas flow required by the cathode of the fuel cell, the cathode circulation pump 22 compensates the circulation gas flow gap which cannot be met by the cathode ejector 21 for the cathode of the fuel cell, and the cathode circulation pump 22 conveys the gas at the cathode gas outlet 23 to the cathode through the cathode gas inlet 24.
Alternatively, the recycle gas of the cathode may be the remaining gas after the cathode reaction, and may include a cathode gas and an inert gas; taking an oxyhydrogen fuel cell as an example, the circulating gas of the cathode may be oxygen and nitrogen; the cathode circulation pump 22 is used to overcome the pressure difference between the cathode outlet 23 and the cathode inlet 24 so that the cathode gas can enter the cathode inlet 24 from the cathode outlet 23.
In the control system of the fuel cell provided by the embodiment of the application, the control system comprises a cathode ejector and a cathode circulating pump, wherein the cathode ejector is connected with the cathode circulating pump in parallel; the cathode air outlet of the fuel cell is connected with the cathode air inlet of the fuel cell through a cathode ejector and a cathode circulating pump; the cathode ejector is used for sucking the gas at the cathode gas outlet to the cathode gas inlet; and the cathode circulating pump is used for conveying the gas at the cathode outlet to the cathode inlet so as to compensate the circulating gas flow required by the cathode of the fuel cell. Because the ejector is a passive gas recirculation device, external input energy is not needed, and the circulating gas flow of the fuel cell is supplied through the cathode ejector, so that the power generation efficiency of the fuel cell can be improved; and when the cathode ejector cannot meet the circulating gas flow required by the fuel cell under certain concentration and certain current, the circulating gas flow required by the cathode of the fuel cell is compensated by the cathode circulating pump, so that the power generation efficiency of the fuel cell is improved on the basis of ensuring the power generation performance of the fuel cell.
In one embodiment, as shown in FIG. 3, the control system further includes a cathode gas-water separator 31 and a first solenoid valve 32; the cathode air outlet 23 is connected with a cathode gas-water separator 31, the cathode gas-water separator 31 is connected with a cathode circulating pump 22 through a first electromagnetic valve 32, and the cathode gas-water separator 31 is connected with a cathode ejector 21.
A cathode gas-water separator 31 for separating gas and moisture in the cathode of the fuel cell;
the first solenoid valve 32 cuts off the circuit of the cathode gas outlet 23 for supplying gas to the cathode through the cathode circulation pump 22 when the target rotation speed of the cathode circulation pump 22 is 0.
The cathode gas-water separator 31 can separate the gas and the moisture of the cathode in the fuel cell, and when the gas at the cathode outlet 23 of the fuel cell is conveyed to the cathode air inlet 24, the gas firstly passes through the cathode gas-water separator 31 to remove the liquid water therein, and then is conveyed to the cathode through the cathode air inlet 24 by the cathode ejector 21 and the cathode circulating pump 22.
Wherein, a first electromagnetic valve 32 is installed between the cathode gas-water separator 31 and the cathode circulating pump 22, the first electromagnetic valve 32 controls a loop for conveying gas from the cathode gas outlet 23 to the cathode gas inlet 24 through the cathode circulating pump 22, when the first electromagnetic valve 32 is closed, the loop for conveying gas from the cathode gas outlet 23 to the cathode through the cathode circulating pump 22 is cut off, and when the first electromagnetic valve 32 is opened, the loop for conveying gas from the cathode gas outlet 23 to the cathode through the cathode circulating pump 22 is conducted.
Under the condition that the cathode circulation pump 22 is not required to compensate the circulating gas flow gap of the cathode of the fuel cell, namely, only the cathode ejector 21 is required to work, the working rotating speed of the cathode circulation pump 22 is 0, the loop of conveying gas to the cathode through the cathode circulation pump 22 at the cathode gas outlet 23 is cut off, reverse blowby of the loop where the cathode circulation pump 22 is positioned is avoided, namely, part of gas directly reaches the cathode gas outlet 23 through the loop of the cathode circulation pump 22 from the cathode gas inlet 24 without flowing through the cathode, and the gas flow direction of the loop of the cathode circulation pump 22 is opposite to that of the normal condition at the moment, so that the first electromagnetic valve 32 is required to be closed at the moment.
Alternatively, the first electromagnetic valve 32 may be a normally open electromagnetic valve, and the first electromagnetic valve 32 is closed when the operation rotation speed of the cathode circulation pump 22 is 0; the first solenoid valve 32 may also be a one-way valve that performs the same function and that is not required to be controlled.
In the control system of the fuel cell provided by the embodiment of the application, the control system further comprises a cathode gas-water separator and a first electromagnetic valve; the cathode gas outlet is connected with a cathode gas-water separator, the cathode gas-water separator is connected with a cathode circulating pump through a first electromagnetic valve, and the cathode gas-water separator is connected with a cathode ejector; a cathode gas-water separator for separating gas and moisture in a cathode of the fuel cell; and the first electromagnetic valve is used for cutting off a loop of conveying gas to the cathode through the cathode circulating pump from the cathode gas outlet under the condition that the working rotating speed of the cathode circulating pump is 0. In the control system, the gas and the water in the cathode are separated through the cathode gas-water separator, so that the phenomenon of flooding caused by excessive water in the cathode gas is avoided, the gas flow in the cathode is ensured, and the power generation efficiency of the fuel cell is improved.
After the cathode gas-water separator 31 separates the gas and the liquid water in the cathode, in order to avoid flooding phenomenon of the liquid water in the cathode, the liquid water can be discharged, in one embodiment, as shown in fig. 4, a cathode liquid level sensor 41 and a cathode drain valve 42 are installed on the cathode gas-water separator 31, and the cathode liquid level sensor 41 is used for detecting the cathode water level in the cathode gas-water separator 31;
the cathode gas-water separator 31 is further configured to control the cathode drain valve 42 to open when the cathode water level is greater than a preset first height threshold value, so as to drain water in the cathode gas-water separator 31 until the cathode water level is less than or equal to a preset second height threshold value, where the second height threshold value is less than the first height threshold value.
During the operation of the fuel cell, only water is discharged from the fuel cell, and no exhaust is generated. The specific implementation mode can be as follows: controlling the switching of the cathode drain valve 42 according to the signal of the cathode liquid level sensor 41 on the cathode gas-water separator 31; in the case where the cathode water level in the cathode gas-water separator 31 reaches the first height threshold value, the cathode drain valve 42 is controlled to open, liquid water is discharged under the action of the gas pressure, and in the case where the cathode water level sensor 41 detects that the cathode water level in the cathode gas-water separator 31 decreases to the second height threshold value, the cathode drain valve 42 is closed.
In the control system of the fuel cell provided by the embodiment of the application, a cathode liquid level sensor and a cathode drain valve are arranged on a cathode gas-water separator, and the cathode liquid level sensor is used for detecting the cathode water level in the cathode gas-water separator; and the cathode gas-water separator is also used for controlling the opening of the cathode drain valve under the condition that the cathode water level is greater than a preset first height threshold value so as to drain the water in the cathode gas-water separator until the cathode water level is less than or equal to a preset second height threshold value, wherein the second height threshold value is less than the first height threshold value. In the control system, the water is discharged under the condition that the cathode water level is larger than the first height threshold value, and the water with the second height threshold value is always sealed in the cathode gas-water separator, so that the gas of the cathode of the fuel cell is ensured not to be discharged to the outside of the fuel cell even if the cathode drain valve is opened by mistake.
During operation of the fuel cell, it is also necessary to inject a reactant gas into the fuel cell, and therefore, in one embodiment, as shown in fig. 5, the control system further includes: a cathode energy storage device 51, a displacement energy storage device 52 and a cathode mixing chamber 53; the cathode energy storage device 51 is connected with the cathode air inlet 24 through the cathode ejector 21 and the cathode mixing cavity 53 in sequence; the displacement energy storage device 52 is connected with the cathode air inlet 24 through the cathode mixing cavity 53; the cathode circulation pump 22 is connected to the cathode inlet 24 through a cathode mixing chamber 53.
A displacement energy storage device 52 for injecting an inert gas into the cathode of the fuel cell through the cathode inlet 24; the inert gas is used for enabling the cathode gas concentration of the cathode to meet the power generation performance of the fuel cell to reach a preset performance value in the operation process of controlling the fuel cell, and is smaller than the corrosion concentration of the proton exchange membrane in the fuel cell.
A cathode energy storage device 51 for injecting cathode gas into the cathode through the cathode injector 21, the cathode mixing chamber 53 and the cathode inlet 24.
Before the fuel cell is operated, the replacement energy storage device 52 firstly injects inert gas into the cathode of the fuel cell through the cathode mixing cavity 53 and the cathode air inlet 24, and after the replacement energy storage device 52 injects inert gas into the cathode, the cathode energy storage device 51 is utilized to inject cathode gas into the cathode through the cathode air inlet 24. In the initial state, the inert gas only exists at the cathode of the fuel cell, and as the fuel cell operates, the inert gas is gradually diffused from the cathode to the anode under the driving of the concentration gradient of the inert gas at the two sides of the proton exchange membrane until the inert gas partial pressure of the cathode and the anode is the same. Meanwhile, as the fuel cell only discharges water and does not exhaust gas, water vapor can be gradually accumulated at the cathode and the anode until partial pressure reaches water saturation vapor pressure at local temperature, and after that, the generated water exists, is transported and is discharged in the form of liquid water; the water saturation vapor pressure is only related to the temperature of the fuel cell, while the temperature of both the cathode and anode are equal to the operating temperature of the fuel cell.
Therefore, when the internal environment of the fuel cell reaches a steady state, the inert gas partial pressures of the cathode and the anode are equal, the water vapor partial pressure of the cathode and the inert gas partial pressure of the anode are also equal, the total pressure of the cathode minus the water vapor partial pressure of the cathode is the cathode gas partial pressure, and the total pressure of the anode minus the water vapor partial pressure of the anode and the inert gas partial pressure is the anode gas partial pressure of the anode.
It should be noted that, in order to ensure stable operation of the fuel cell, the difference between the total pressure of the cathode and the total pressure of the anode should be smaller than the preset difference, that is, the difference between the pressures of the cathode and the anode should not be too large, so that, in the case where the total pressure of the cathode is equal to the total pressure of the anode, the cathode gas concentration of the cathode is also equal to the anode gas concentration of the anode.
In the steady state of the fuel cell, the inert gas partial pressure of the cathode and the inert gas partial pressure of the anode are determined by the air pressure of the inert gas injected into the fuel cell in the initial state, and the water vapor partial pressure is determined by the operating temperature of the fuel cell, so that the cathode gas concentration and the anode gas concentration of the fuel cell can be controlled by controlling the air pressure of the inert gas injected into the fuel cell in the initial state, the total anode pressure and the total anode pressure, and the operating temperature of the fuel cell.
During operation of the fuel cell, the inert gas partial pressure of the cathode and the anode in the fuel cell is balanced under the transmembrane diffusion, that is, the inert gas partial pressure of the cathode is equal to the inert gas partial pressure of the anode, and in a steady state, the cathode gas supply amount of the cathode can be controlled to be equal to the cathode gas amount consumed by the fuel cell, and the anode gas supply amount of the anode is controlled to be equal to the anode gas amount consumed by the fuel cell, and the cathode gas concentration and the anode gas concentration are also maintained when other conditions, such as temperature, cathode total pressure, and anode total pressure, are maintained.
Taking hydrogen-oxygen fuel cells and inert gas as nitrogen as examples, in the operation process of the fuel cells, the partial pressure of nitrogen in the cathode and the partial pressure of nitrogen in the anode reach balance under the transmembrane diffusion, at the moment, the oxygen concentration of the cathode is between the hydrogen-air fuel cells and the hydrogen-oxygen fuel cells, the hydrogen concentration of the anode is smaller than the pure hydrogen concentration in the hydrogen-air fuel cells and the hydrogen-oxygen fuel cells, the hydrogen concentration and the oxygen concentration in the fuel cells realize 'low hydrogen and high oxygen', the 'low hydrogen and high oxygen' refer to lower hydrogen concentration relative to pure hydrogen and higher oxygen concentration relative to air, and the hydrogen concentration is the concentration which does not influence the service life of the fuel cells and the power generation performance of the fuel cells, namely the hydrogen concentration is not lower than the concentration boundary which damages the service life of the fuel cells and influences the power generation performance of the fuel cells.
In the control system of a fuel cell provided in the embodiment of the present application, the control system further includes: the cathode energy storage device, the replacement energy storage device and the cathode mixing cavity; the cathode energy storage device is connected with the cathode air inlet through the cathode ejector and the cathode mixing cavity in sequence; the replacement energy storage device is connected with a cathode air inlet through a cathode mixing cavity; the cathode circulating pump is connected with the cathode air inlet through the cathode mixing cavity; a displacement energy storage device for injecting an inert gas into the cathode of the fuel cell through the cathode inlet; the inert gas is used for enabling the cathode gas concentration of the cathode to meet the power generation performance of the fuel cell to reach a preset performance value in the operation process of controlling the fuel cell, and is smaller than the corrosion concentration of the proton exchange membrane in the fuel cell; and the cathode energy storage device is used for injecting cathode gas into the cathode through the cathode ejector, the cathode mixing cavity and the cathode air inlet. In the control system, the concentration of the cathode gas is smaller than the corrosion concentration of the proton exchange membrane in the fuel cell, and the gas pressure of the inert gas injected into the cathode of the fuel cell is determined according to the concentration of the cathode gas, so that the concentration of the cathode gas of the fuel cell is smaller than the corrosion concentration of the proton exchange membrane in the working process of the fuel cell under the steady state, the inert gas is reasonably injected into the cathode of the fuel cell, the corrosion of the proton exchange membrane between the cathode and the anode due to the too high concentration of the cathode gas is avoided, and the reliability of the fuel cell in the use process is improved; in addition, the concentration of the cathode gas is a concentration which meets the requirement that the power generation performance of the fuel cell reaches a preset performance value, so that the inert gas injected into the fuel cell can not influence the power generation performance of the fuel cell, and the fuel cell has better power generation performance.
When cathode energy storage device 51 injects cathode gas into the cathode, the flow rate of the cathode gas injected into the cathode can be controlled, and in one embodiment, as shown in fig. 6, cathode energy storage device 51 includes a cathode energy storage unit 61 and a cathode gas regulating valve 62; the cathode energy storage unit 61 is connected to the cathode injector 21 via a cathode gas regulating valve 62.
A cathode energy storage unit 61 for injecting cathode gas into the cathode through the cathode injector 21, the cathode mixing chamber 53 and the cathode gas inlet 24; a cathode gas regulating valve 62 for regulating the flow rate of the cathode gas injected into the cathode by the cathode energy storage unit 61.
The cathode energy storage unit 61 stores cathode gas, and for example, the cathode energy storage unit 61 may be a high-pressure gas oxygen bottle, a liquid oxygen bottle, an oxygen candle oxygen generator, or the like. The cathode gas regulating valve 62 may be of the type of a high frequency switching solenoid valve, a proportional solenoid valve, a flow controller, or the like.
During steady operation of the fuel cell, the gas supply amount of the fuel cell is equal to the gas consumption amount, that is, the cathode gas supply amount of the cathode energy storage device 51 should be equal to the consumption amount of the cathode gas in the fuel cell, and the total pressure of the cathode is kept unchanged, so that the flow rate when the cathode energy storage unit 61 injects the cathode with the cathode gas can be adjusted by the cathode gas adjusting valve 62 to ensure that the total pressure of the cathode is at a preset cathode pressure, which can be obtained by taking into consideration both the reactivity of the fuel cell and the reaction risk of the fuel cell.
The higher the pressure of the cathode and anode is, the better the performance of the fuel cell is, but after the pressure of the cathode and anode is increased to a certain extent, the marginal benefit of the fuel cell is decreased and the risk is increased, so that the pressure of the cathode and anode needs to be obtained by comprehensively considering the two factors.
Accordingly, by adjusting the flow rate of the cathode gas passing through the cathode gas adjusting valve 62 to adjust the flow rate of the cathode gas injected from the cathode energy storage unit 61 to the cathode, the cathode pressure of the cathode, that is, the total pressure of the cathode, can be adjusted.
In the control system of the fuel cell provided by the embodiment of the application, the cathode energy storage device comprises a cathode energy storage unit and a cathode gas regulating valve; the cathode energy storage unit is connected with the cathode ejector through a cathode gas regulating valve; the cathode energy storage unit is used for injecting cathode gas into the cathode through the cathode ejector, the cathode mixing cavity and the cathode air inlet; and the cathode gas regulating valve is used for regulating the flow rate when the cathode energy storage unit injects cathode gas into the cathode. In the system, the flow of cathode gas injected into the cathode by the cathode energy storage unit is regulated by the cathode gas regulating valve, so that the reaction speed in the fuel cell can be reasonably improved, and the power generation efficiency of the fuel cell is improved; and the cathode gas regulating valve can also ensure that the gas supply amount in the fuel cell is equal to the gas consumption amount, so as to ensure the stable operation of the fuel cell.
In one embodiment, as shown in FIG. 7, the displacement storage device 52 includes a displacement storage unit 71 and a second solenoid valve 72; the replacement energy storage unit 71 is connected to the cathode mixing chamber 53 through a second solenoid valve 72.
A second solenoid valve 72 for controlling the injection of inert gas into the cathode of the fuel cell through the cathode mixing chamber 53 and the cathode inlet 24 by the replacement energy storage unit 71.
The displacement energy storage unit 71 is a device for storing inert gas, wherein the inert gas in the displacement energy storage unit 71 can be pure inert gas or mixed inert gas, and the mixed inert gas can be air or mixed gas of cathode gas and inert gas; it should be noted that the type of the inert gas in the replacement energy storage unit 71 may be determined according to actual requirements.
In the initial state of the fuel cell, the replacement energy storage unit 71 is connected to the cathode mixing chamber 53 through the second electromagnetic valve 72, and the replacement energy storage unit 71 is controlled by the second electromagnetic valve 72 to inject the inert gas into the cathode of the fuel cell through the cathode mixing chamber 53 and the cathode inlet 24, since the inert gas is not required to be injected into the cathode after the inert gas of the preset air pressure is injected into the cathode.
For example, the state of the second solenoid valve 72 includes opening and closing, the solenoid valve 72 is opened, and the replacement energy storage unit 71 injects inert gas into the cathode of the fuel cell through the cathode mixing chamber 53 and the cathode gas inlet 24; after the replacement energy storage unit 71 injects the inert gas of a preset gas pressure to the cathode, the second solenoid valve 72 is closed, and the injection of the inert gas to the cathode is stopped.
Alternatively, the second electromagnetic valve 72 may be a normally closed electromagnetic valve, and when the inert gas needs to be injected into the cathode of the fuel cell, the second electromagnetic valve 72 is opened, and after the injection of the inert gas into the cathode is completed, the second electromagnetic valve 72 is closed.
In the control system of the fuel cell provided by the embodiment of the application, the replacement energy storage device comprises a replacement energy storage unit and a second electromagnetic valve; the replacement energy storage unit is connected with the cathode mixing cavity through a second electromagnetic valve; and the second electromagnetic valve is used for controlling the replacement energy storage unit to inject inert gas into the cathode of the fuel cell through the cathode mixing cavity and the cathode air inlet. In the control system, the replacement energy storage unit is connected with the cathode mixing cavity through the second electromagnetic valve, the second electromagnetic valve is controlled to be opened or closed, the air pressure of inert gas injected into the cathode of the fuel cell by the replacement energy storage unit is reasonably regulated, the concentration of the cathode gas in the operation process of the fuel cell can be smaller than the corrosion concentration of the proton exchange membrane in the fuel cell through the inert gas in the fuel cell, and the power generation performance of the fuel cell can reach a preset performance value.
In the case where the target is anode, in one embodiment, as shown in fig. 8, the control system includes an anode ejector 81 and an anode circulation pump 82, and the anode ejector 81 and the anode circulation pump 82 are connected in parallel; the anode outlet 83 of the fuel cell is connected to the anode inlet 84 of the fuel cell through an anode ejector 81 and an anode circulation pump 82.
An anode ejector 81 for sucking gas at an anode gas outlet 83 into an anode gas inlet 84; an anode circulation pump 82 for delivering gas at an anode outlet 83 to an anode inlet 84 to compensate for the circulation gas flow rate required by the anode of the fuel cell.
The anode ejector 81 and the anode circulating pump 82 are connected in parallel between an anode gas outlet 83 and an anode gas inlet 84 of the fuel cell, and the anode ejector 81 can introduce gas at the anode gas outlet 83 to the anode through the anode gas inlet 84; when the circulation gas flow provided by the anode injector 81 cannot meet the circulation gas flow required by the anode of the fuel cell, the anode circulation pump 82 compensates the circulation gas flow gap which cannot be met by the anode injector 81 for the anode of the fuel cell, and the anode circulation pump 82 conveys the gas at the anode gas outlet 83 to the cathode through the anode gas inlet 84.
Alternatively, the recycle gas of the anode may be the remaining gas after the anode reaction, and may include an anode gas and an inert gas; taking an oxyhydrogen fuel cell as an example, the circulating gas of the anode may be hydrogen and nitrogen; the anode circulation pump 82 is used to overcome the pressure difference between the anode gas outlet 83 and the anode gas inlet 84 so that anode gas can enter the anode gas inlet 84 from the anode gas outlet 83.
In the control system of the fuel cell provided by the embodiment of the application, the control system comprises an anode ejector and an anode circulating pump, and the anode ejector is connected with the anode circulating pump in parallel; the anode gas outlet of the fuel cell is connected with the anode gas inlet of the fuel cell through an anode ejector and an anode circulating pump; the anode ejector is used for sucking gas at the anode gas outlet to the anode gas inlet; and the anode circulating pump is used for conveying the gas at the anode outlet to the anode inlet so as to compensate the circulating gas flow required by the anode of the fuel cell. Because the ejector is a passive gas recirculation device, external input energy is not needed, and the circulating gas flow of the fuel cell is supplied through the anode ejector, so that the power generation efficiency of the fuel cell can be improved; and when the anode ejector cannot meet the circulating gas flow required by the fuel cell under certain concentration and certain current, the circulating gas flow required by the anode of the fuel cell is compensated by the anode circulating pump, so that the power generation efficiency of the fuel cell is improved on the basis of ensuring the power generation performance of the fuel cell.
In order to improve the reaction performance of the fuel cell and the flow rate of the anode gas entering the anode, the anode gas can be circulated, so that the anode gas outlet 83 is connected with the anode gas inlet 84 through the anode circulating pump 82 and the anode injector 81 to realize gas circulation; however, the fuel cell continuously generates water during operation, so a gas-water separator can be arranged at the anode to remove liquid water in the gas; in one embodiment, as shown in FIG. 9, the control system further includes an anode gas-water separator 91 and a third solenoid valve 92; the anode gas outlet 83 is connected with an anode gas-water separator 91, the anode gas-water separator 91 is connected with an anode circulating pump 82 through a third electromagnetic valve 92, and the anode gas-water separator 91 is connected with an anode injector 81.
An anode gas-water separator 91 for separating gas and moisture in the anode of the fuel cell; and a third electromagnetic valve 92 for cutting off a circuit for supplying the anode gas from the anode gas outlet 83 to the anode through the anode circulation pump 82 when the operation rotation speed of the anode circulation pump 82 is 0.
The anode gas-water separator 91 can separate the gas and the moisture of the anode in the fuel cell, and when the gas at the anode gas outlet 83 of the fuel cell is conveyed to the anode gas inlet 84, the gas firstly passes through the anode gas-water separator 91 to remove the liquid water therein, and then is conveyed to the anode through the anode gas inlet 84 by the anode injector 81 and the anode circulating pump 82.
A third electromagnetic valve 92 is installed between the anode gas-water separator 91 and the anode circulating pump 82, the third electromagnetic valve 92 controls a loop for conveying gas from the anode gas outlet 83 to the anode gas inlet 84 through the anode circulating pump 82, when the third electromagnetic valve 92 is closed, a loop for conveying gas from the anode gas outlet 83 to the anode through the anode circulating pump 82 is cut off, and when the third electromagnetic valve 92 is opened, a loop for conveying gas from the anode gas outlet 83 to the anode through the anode circulating pump 82 is conducted.
Under the condition that the anode circulation pump 82 is not needed to compensate the circulating gas flow gap of the fuel cell anode, namely, when only the anode injector 81 is needed to work, the working rotating speed of the anode circulation pump 82 is 0, the loop of conveying gas to the anode through the anode circulation pump 82 by the anode gas outlet 83 is cut off, reverse blowby of the loop where the anode circulation pump 82 is located is avoided, namely, part of gas directly reaches the anode gas outlet 83 from the anode gas inlet 84 through the anode circulation pump 82 loop and does not flow through the anode, and at the moment, the gas flow direction of the anode circulation pump 82 loop is opposite to that of the normal condition, so that the third electromagnetic valve 92 is needed to be closed at the moment.
Alternatively, the third electromagnetic valve 92 may be a normally open electromagnetic valve, and the third electromagnetic valve 92 is closed when the operation rotation speed of the anode circulation pump 82 is 0; the third solenoid valve 92 may also be a check valve that performs the same function and that is not required to be controlled.
In the control system of the fuel cell provided by the embodiment of the application, the control system further comprises an anode gas-water separator and a third electromagnetic valve; the anode gas outlet is connected with an anode gas-water separator, the anode gas-water separator is connected with an anode circulating pump through a third electromagnetic valve, and the anode gas-water separator is connected with an anode ejector; an anode gas-water separator for separating gas and moisture in an anode of the fuel cell; and the third electromagnetic valve is used for cutting off a loop of conveying gas to the anode through the anode circulating pump at the anode gas outlet under the condition that the working rotating speed of the anode circulating pump is 0. In the control system, the gas and the water in the anode are separated through the anode gas-water separator, so that the phenomenon of flooding caused by excessive water in the anode gas is avoided, the gas flow in the anode is ensured, and the power generation efficiency of the fuel cell is improved.
After the anode gas-water separator 91 separates the gas and the liquid water in the anode, in order to avoid excessive liquid water in the anode from flooding, the liquid water may be discharged, and in one embodiment, as shown in fig. 10, an anode liquid level sensor 101 and an anode drain valve 102 are installed on the anode gas-water separator 91, where the anode liquid level sensor 101 is used to detect the anode water level in the anode gas-water separator 91;
The anode gas-water separator 91 is further configured to control the anode drain valve 102 to open to drain water in the anode gas-water separator 91 until the anode water level is less than or equal to a fourth height threshold value when the anode water level is greater than a preset third height threshold value; the fourth height threshold is less than the third height threshold.
During the operation of the fuel cell, only water is discharged from the fuel cell, and no exhaust is generated. The specific implementation mode can be as follows: controlling the switch of the anode drain valve 102 according to the signal of the anode liquid level sensor 101 on the anode gas-water separator 91; in the case where the anode water level in the anode gas-water separator 91 reaches the third height threshold value, the anode drain valve 102 is controlled to open, liquid water is discharged under the action of the gas pressure, and in the case where the anode water level sensor 101 detects that the anode water level in the anode gas-water separator 91 decreases to the fourth height threshold value, the anode drain valve 102 is closed.
In the control system of the fuel cell provided by the embodiment of the application, an anode liquid level sensor and an anode drain valve are arranged on an anode gas-water separator, and the anode liquid level sensor is used for detecting the anode water level in the anode gas-water separator; the anode gas-water separator is further used for controlling the opening of an anode drain valve under the condition that the anode water level is greater than a preset third height threshold value so as to drain water in the anode gas-water separator until the anode water level is less than or equal to a fourth height threshold value; the fourth height threshold is less than the third height threshold. In the control system, when the anode water level is larger than the third height threshold value, the water is discharged, and the anode gas-water separator is controlled to always seal the water with the fourth height threshold value, so that the gas of the anode of the fuel cell is ensured not to be discharged to the outside of the fuel cell even if the anode drain valve is opened by mistake.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 11, the control system further comprises: an anode energy storage device 111 and an anode mixing chamber 112; the anode energy storage device 111 is connected with the anode air inlet 84 through the anode ejector 81 and the anode mixing cavity 112 in sequence; the anode circulation pump 82 is connected to the anode inlet 84 through an anode mixing chamber 112.
An anode energy storage device 111 for injecting anode gas into the anode through the anode injector 81, the anode mixing chamber 112 and the anode gas inlet 84.
Before operating the fuel cell, the displacement energy storage device 52 first injects inert gas into the cathode of the fuel cell through the cathode inlet 24, and after the displacement energy storage device 52 injects inert gas into the cathode, the cathode energy storage device 51 injects cathode gas into the cathode through the cathode inlet 24, and the anode energy storage device 111 injects anode gas into the anode through the anode inlet 84.
In the initial state, the inert gas only exists at the cathode of the fuel cell, and as the fuel cell operates, the inert gas is gradually diffused from the cathode to the anode under the driving of the concentration gradient of the inert gas at the two sides of the proton exchange membrane until the inert gas partial pressure of the cathode and the anode is the same. Meanwhile, as the fuel cell only discharges water and does not exhaust gas, water vapor can be gradually accumulated at the cathode and the anode until partial pressure reaches water saturation vapor pressure at local temperature, and after that, the generated water exists, is transported and is discharged in the form of liquid water; the water saturation vapor pressure is only related to the temperature of the fuel cell, while the temperature of both the cathode and anode are equal to the operating temperature of the fuel cell.
After the inert gas is injected into the cathode by the replacement energy storage device 52, the cathode gas is injected into the cathode through the cathode gas inlet 24 by the cathode energy storage device 51, and the anode gas is injected into the anode through the anode gas inlet 84 by the anode energy storage device 111, the total pressure of the cathode and the total pressure of the anode are controlled to be kept at the target pressure, that is, the total pressure of the cathode and the total pressure of the anode are kept unchanged, and when the cathode gas concentration of the cathode is kept unchanged within the preset time period, it is determined that the cathode and the anode inside the fuel cell are in a stable state, that is, the cathode gas supply amount of the cathode is equal to the cathode gas consumption of the fuel cell, and the anode gas supply amount of the anode is equal to the anode gas consumption of the fuel cell.
In the control system of a fuel cell provided in the embodiment of the present application, the control system further includes: an anode energy storage device and an anode mixing chamber; the anode energy storage device is connected with an anode air inlet through an anode ejector and an anode mixing cavity in sequence; the anode circulating pump is connected with an anode air inlet through an anode mixing cavity; and the anode energy storage device is used for injecting anode gas into the anode through the anode ejector, the anode mixing cavity and the anode air inlet. In the control system, after inert gas is injected into the cathode of the fuel cell, anode gas is injected into the anode of the fuel cell through the anode energy storage device, so that the concentration of the anode gas is kept at a concentration at which the power generation performance of the fuel cell reaches a preset performance value, and the better power generation performance of the fuel cell is ensured.
Anode energy storage device 111 may control the flow rate of anode gas injected into the anode when anode gas is injected into the anode, in one embodiment, as shown in fig. 12, anode energy storage device 111 includes an anode energy storage unit 121 and an anode gas regulating valve 122; the anode energy storage unit 121 is connected with the anode mixing chamber 112 sequentially through the anode gas regulating valve 122 and the anode injector 81.
An anode energy storage unit 121 for injecting anode gas into the anode through the anode injector 81, the anode mixing chamber 112 and the anode gas inlet 84; an anode gas regulating valve 122 for regulating the flow rate of the anode gas when the anode energy storage unit 121 injects the anode gas into the anode.
The anode energy storage unit 121 stores anode gas therein, and for example, the anode energy storage unit 121 may be a high-pressure gaseous hydrogen bottle, a liquid hydrogen bottle, a methanol reforming hydrogen production device, an aluminum hydrolysis hydrogen production device, or the like. The anode gas regulating valve 122 may be of a high-frequency switching solenoid valve, a proportional solenoid valve, a flow controller, or the like.
During steady operation of the fuel cell, the gas supply amount of the fuel cell is equal to the gas consumption amount, that is, the anode gas supply amount of the anode energy storage device 111 should be equal to the consumption amount of the anode gas in the fuel cell, and the total pressure of the anode is kept constant, so that the flow rate when the anode energy storage unit 121 injects the anode gas into the anode can be adjusted by the anode gas adjusting valve 122 to ensure that the total pressure of the anode is at a preset anode pressure, which can be obtained in consideration of both the reactivity of the fuel cell and the reaction risk of the fuel cell.
Accordingly, by adjusting the flow rate of the anode gas passing through the anode gas adjusting valve 122 to adjust the flow rate of the anode gas injected into the anode by the anode energy storage unit 121, the anode pressure of the anode, that is, the total pressure of the anode, can be adjusted.
In the control system of the fuel cell provided in the embodiment of the present application, the anode energy storage device 111 includes an anode energy storage unit 121 and an anode gas regulating valve 122; the anode energy storage unit is connected with the anode mixing cavity through an anode gas regulating valve and an anode ejector in sequence; the anode energy storage unit is used for injecting anode gas into the anode through the anode ejector, the anode mixing cavity and the anode air inlet; and the anode gas regulating valve is used for regulating the flow rate when the anode energy storage unit injects anode gas into the anode. In the control system, the flow of anode gas injected into the anode by the anode energy storage unit is regulated by the anode gas regulating valve, so that the reaction speed in the fuel cell can be reasonably improved, and the reaction performance of the fuel cell is improved; and, the anode gas regulating valve can also ensure that the gas supply amount in the fuel cell is equal to the gas consumption amount, so as to ensure stable operation of the fuel cell.
In one embodiment, the control system further comprises a target electrode concentration acquisition device mounted at a first preset position of the target electrode of the fuel cell; and the target electrode concentration acquisition device is used for acquiring the target electrode gas concentration of the target electrode of the fuel cell.
In order to better monitor the control system of the fuel cell, a target electrode concentration acquisition device may be provided in the control system, and the target electrode gas concentration of the target electrode of the fuel cell may be acquired by the target electrode concentration acquisition device.
For example, the target is a cathode and/or an anode. If the target is a cathode, the control system further comprises a cathode concentration acquisition device for acquiring the cathode gas concentration in the cathode, for example, the cathode concentration acquisition device is used for acquiring the oxygen concentration in the cathode; if the target is an anode, the control system further comprises an anode concentration acquisition means for acquiring the anode gas concentration in the anode, e.g. for acquiring the hydrogen concentration in the anode.
Optionally, the cathode concentration collecting device is installed on the cathode stack inlet or the cathode circulation pipeline, and the anode concentration collecting device is installed on the anode stack inlet or the anode circulation pipeline, and the specific position of the anode concentration collecting device is not limited as long as the cathode gas concentration or the anode gas concentration can be accurately collected.
In the control system of the fuel cell provided by the embodiment of the application, the control system further comprises a target electrode concentration acquisition device, wherein the target electrode concentration acquisition device is arranged at a first preset position of a target electrode of the fuel cell; and the target electrode concentration acquisition device is used for acquiring the target electrode gas concentration of the target electrode of the fuel cell. The target electrode gas concentration of the target electrode of the fuel cell can be obtained in real time through the target electrode concentration collecting device, so that the fuel cell is precisely controlled, and the power generation performance of the fuel cell is ensured.
In one embodiment, the control system further comprises a target extreme pressure force acquisition device mounted at a second preset position of the target pole of the fuel cell; and the target extreme pressure acquisition device is used for acquiring the target extreme pressure of the fuel cell.
In order to better monitor the control system of the fuel cell, a target extreme pressure acquisition device can be arranged in the control system, and the target extreme pressure of the target electrode of the fuel cell can be acquired by the target extreme pressure acquisition device.
For example, the target is a cathode and/or an anode. If the target is a cathode, the control system further comprises a cathode pressure acquisition device for acquiring the total pressure of the cathode in the cathode; if the target is an anode, the control system further comprises an anode pressure acquisition device for acquiring the total anode pressure in the anode.
The cathode pressure acquisition device is arranged on a cathode pile-in or circulating pipeline, and the specific position of the cathode pressure acquisition device is not limited, so long as the pressure in the cathode can be accurately acquired; the anode pressure acquisition device is arranged on an anode pile-in or circulating pipeline.
In the case of steady-state operation of the fuel cell, the total pressure of the controllable cathode and the total pressure of the anode are equal, and then the cathode oxygen concentration and the anode hydrogen concentration can be regarded as equal, so that the value measured by the cathode oxygen concentration sensor can represent both the cathode oxygen concentration and the anode hydrogen concentration, and therefore, the cathode concentration collecting device can be installed only at the cathode. When the fuel cell is in a steady state, the total pressure of the cathode, the total pressure of the anode, the partial pressure of water vapor, the partial pressure of nitrogen and the concentration of cathode oxygen are known, and the concentration of anode hydrogen can be calculated; where concentration = volume fraction = partial pressure/total pressure.
As shown in fig. 13, fig. 13 shows schematic positions of the cathode concentration collecting device 131, the cathode pressure collecting device 132, and the anode pressure collecting device 133, and it should be noted that the positions in fig. 13 are only examples, and specific positions thereof are not limited as long as the pressures in the anode can be accurately collected.
In the control system of the fuel cell provided by the embodiment of the application, the control system further comprises a target extreme pressure acquisition device, wherein the target extreme pressure acquisition device is arranged at a second preset position of a target electrode of the fuel cell; and the target extreme pressure acquisition device is used for acquiring the target extreme pressure of the fuel cell. The total pressure of the target electrode can be obtained in real time through the target extreme pressure collecting device, so that the total pressure of the target electrode can be accurately controlled, and the power generation performance of the fuel cell is improved.
Next, a control method of the control system of the fuel cell provided in the embodiment of the present application will be described, where the control method of the control system of the fuel cell in the embodiment of the present application is applied to the control system of the fuel cell and is described with a controller as an execution subject.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 14, there is provided a control method of a fuel cell, the embodiment including the steps of:
S1401, the current of the fuel cell and the target electrode gas concentration are acquired.
The target electrode gas concentration is any concentration which enables the power generation performance of the fuel cell to reach a preset performance value and is smaller than the corrosion concentration of the proton exchange membrane in the fuel cell.
The current of the fuel cell can be the current in the current running process of the fuel cell, the current of the fuel cell can be collected according to a preset current sensor, and the current sensor transmits the collected current of the fuel cell to the controller.
The target electrode gas concentration may be a target electrode gas concentration of the fuel cell during a current operation, for example, the target electrode gas concentration may be a cathode gas concentration, which may be an oxygen concentration, and/or an anode gas concentration, which may be a hydrogen concentration.
Alternatively, the current of the fuel cell may be the current that the fuel cell needs to reach during operation, and the current may be determined according to actual requirements; the target electrode gas concentration of the fuel cell can also be the target electrode gas concentration which needs to be achieved in the operation process of the fuel cell, and the target electrode gas concentration can be determined according to the corrosion concentration of a proton exchange membrane of the fuel cell and the power generation performance of the fuel cell.
S1402, determining a target circulating gas metering ratio and an injection gas metering ratio of a target electrode of the fuel cell according to the current and the target electrode gas concentration; the target is the cathode and/or anode of the fuel cell.
The cathode/anode recycle gas flow is a critical control affecting fuel cell performance and life, and can be characterized by oxygen/hydrogen metering. Thus, the target circulating gas metering ratio and the injection gas metering ratio of the target electrode of the fuel cell can be obtained.
The target circulating gas metering ratio of the target electrode of the fuel cell can be a gas metering ratio corresponding to the circulating gas flow which is required in the target electrode of the fuel cell and is introduced into the target electrode air inlet from the target electrode air outlet.
The injection gas metering ratio of the target electrode can be a gas metering ratio corresponding to the circulating gas flow which is injected by the target electrode injector and is sucked from the target electrode gas outlet to the target electrode gas inlet.
Alternatively, the target electrode may be the cathode and/or anode of the fuel cell. Under the condition that the target is a cathode, acquiring a target gas metering ratio and an injection gas metering ratio of the cathode of the fuel cell, taking the cathode gas as oxygen as an example, and acquiring an oxygen metering ratio required by the cathode of the fuel cell and an oxygen metering ratio generated by a cathode injector; under the condition that the target is an anode, the target gas metering ratio and the injection gas metering ratio of the anode of the fuel cell are obtained, and the anode gas is taken as hydrogen as an example, so that the hydrogen metering ratio required by the anode of the fuel cell and the hydrogen metering ratio generated by the anode injector are obtained.
The gas metering ratio in a fuel cell can be expressed as:
wherein L represents the gas metering ratio of a target electrode in the fuel cell, Q in Representing the supply flow rate of the target electrode, Q cyc Represents the circulation flow rate of the target electrode, Q out Representing the consumption flow rate of the target pole; i.e. if the target is cathodic, L represents the oxygen metering ratio in the fuel cell, Q in Represents the flow rate of supplied oxygen, Q cyc Represents the flow rate of circulating oxygen, Q out Indicating the consumed oxygen flow; if the target pole represents the anode, L represents the hydrogen metering ratio in the fuel cell, Q in Represents the flow rate of supplied hydrogen, Q cyc Represents the flow rate of circulating hydrogen, Q out The flow of consumed hydrogen is shown.
Since the control system of the fuel cell described above discharges only liquid water without discharging air, when the cathode-anode pressure and the operating temperature of the fuel cell are kept unchanged, the supplied gas flow rate=the consumed gas flow rate, i.e., Q in ＝Q out Cathode gas flow rate for cathode supply = cathode gas flow rate for cathode consumption, anode for anode supplyGas flow = anode gas flow consumed by the anode.
And, the circulation flow rate of the gas includes two parts of the gas circulation flow rate of the circulation pump and the gas circulation flow rate of the ejector, therefore, Q cyc ＝Q beng +Q yin Based on this:
wherein Q is beng The flow rate of the circulating gas of the circulating pump of the target electrode is represented by Q yin The circulating gas flow of the ejector of the target pole is shown. Alternatively, if the target is cathodic, Q beng Represents the oxygen circulation flow rate of the cathode circulation pump, Q yin The oxygen circulation flow of the cathode injector is shown; if the target is anode, Q beng Represents the hydrogen circulation flow rate of the anode circulation pump, Q yin The hydrogen circulation flow of the anode ejector is shown.
The target circulation gas metering ratio of the target electrode of the fuel cell isThe injection gas metering ratio is->
The circulation characteristic curve of the ejector is determined by the structural size, the metering ratio of the ejection gas changes along with the current and the gas composition (gas concentration) of the fuel cell, and meanwhile, the metering ratio of the gas required by the target electrode of the fuel cell also changes along with the current and the gas concentration of the target electrode, so that the metering ratio of the target circulation gas and the metering ratio of the ejection gas of the target electrode of the fuel cell can be determined according to the current and the gas concentration of the target electrode of the fuel cell and a preset mapping table.
The mapping table can comprise the corresponding relation between the current and the gas concentration of the target electrode and the target circulating gas metering ratio and the injection gas metering ratio of the target electrode; the target circulating gas metering ratio and the injection gas metering ratio of the target electrode corresponding to the current and the target electrode gas concentration can be directly obtained from the mapping table.
In the control method of the fuel cell provided by the embodiment of the application, the current and the target electrode gas concentration of the fuel cell are obtained, and the target circulating gas metering ratio and the injection gas metering ratio of the target electrode of the fuel cell are determined according to the current and the target electrode gas concentration. According to the method, the target circulating gas metering ratio and the injection gas metering ratio of the target electrode of the fuel cell are obtained, the working rotation speed of the circulating pump of the target electrode can be rapidly determined, the fuel cell is operated at the working rotation speed, and the power generation efficiency of the fuel cell is improved.
S1403, determining the working rotation speed of the circulating pump of the target electrode according to the target circulating gas metering ratio and the injection gas metering ratio; the operating speed of the circulation pump is used to compensate for the circulation gas flow rate required for the target electrode of the fuel cell.
The working speed of the circulating pump of the target electrode can be determined according to a preset prediction model, the target circulating gas metering ratio and the injection gas metering ratio are input into the prediction model, and the working speed of the target circulating pump is output through analysis of the target circulating gas metering ratio and the injection gas metering ratio by the prediction model.
S1404, controlling the operation of the fuel cell in the case where the circulation pump is operated at the operation rotation speed.
The working speed of the circulating pump is the speed required by the operation of the circulating pump in the operation process of the fuel cell. Therefore, in the case where the circulation pump is operated at the operation rotational speed, the fuel cell is controlled to operate.
And closing the electromagnetic valve between the circulating pump of the target pole and the target pole air inlet of the target pole under the condition that the working rotating speed of the circulating pump of the target pole is 0.
In the control method of the fuel cell provided by the embodiment of the application, the current and the target electrode gas concentration of the fuel cell are obtained, and the target circulating gas metering ratio and the injection gas metering ratio of the target electrode of the fuel cell are determined according to the current and the target electrode gas concentration; the target is the cathode and/or anode of the fuel cell; determining the working rotation speed of a circulating pump of a target electrode according to the target circulating gas metering ratio and the injection gas metering ratio; the working speed of the circulating pump is used for compensating the circulating gas flow required by the target electrode of the fuel cell; controlling the fuel cell to work under the condition that the circulating pump runs at a working rotating speed; the target electrode gas concentration is any concentration in a concentration range which enables the power generation performance of the fuel cell to reach a preset performance value and is smaller than the corrosion concentration of the proton exchange membrane in the fuel cell. In the method, the target electrode gas concentration of the fuel cell can be actively controlled, and is smaller than the corrosion concentration of the proton exchange membrane on one hand, so that the situation that the target electrode gas concentration is too high to corrode the proton exchange membrane between the cathode and the anode in the working process of the fuel cell is avoided, and the reliability and the service life of the fuel cell in the use process are improved; on the other hand, the gas concentration can meet the requirement that the power generation performance of the fuel cell reaches a preset performance value, so that the target fuel cell has better power generation performance; the ejector is used as a main control device for circulating gas flow, and because the ejector is a passive gas recirculation device, the gas at the target electrode gas outlet of the fuel cell can be directly sucked into the target electrode gas inlet, and the high-pressure gas can be utilized to drive circulation without externally inputting energy, so that the power generation efficiency of the fuel cell is improved; the circulating pump is used as a compensation device, and when the circulating flow of the ejector cannot meet the circulating flow of the fuel cell only under certain concentration and certain current, the circulating pump is used for compensating the circulating gas flow required by the fuel cell, so that the sufficient metering ratio of the fuel cell is ensured in a wide concentration and current range, the efficiency is improved, and meanwhile, the higher degree of freedom of concentration control is ensured.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 15, determining the operating speed of the circulation pump of the target pole from the target circulation gas metering ratio and the injection gas metering ratio includes:
s1501, determining the gas metering ratio to be provided by the circulating pump of the target electrode according to the target circulating gas metering ratio and the injection gas metering ratio.
Based on the above, the gas metering ratio required to be provided by the circulating pump of the target electrode can be obtained according to the target circulating gas metering ratio and the injection gas metering ratio; the gas metering ratio to be provided by the circulation pump then determines the operating speed of the circulation pump for the target pole.
One embodiment can determine the difference between the target circulating gas metering ratio and the injection gas metering ratio as the gas metering ratio required to be provided by the circulating pump of the target pole; for example, if the target circulating gas metering ratio is 0.8 and the injection gas metering ratio is 0.6, the gas metering ratio required to be provided by the circulating pump of the target pole is 0.2.
Under the condition that the target is a cathode, the cathode gas is oxygen, the target circulating gas metering ratio is the target oxygen circulating metering ratio required by the cathode circulating pump and the cathode ejector, the ejecting gas metering ratio is the ejecting oxygen metering ratio, and the oxygen metering ratio required to be provided by the cathode circulating pump is determined to be the difference between the target oxygen circulating metering ratio and the ejecting oxygen metering ratio.
Under the condition that the target is an anode, the anode gas is hydrogen, the target circulating gas metering ratio is the target hydrogen metering ratio required by the anode circulating pump and the anode ejector, the ejecting gas metering ratio is the ejecting hydrogen metering ratio, and the hydrogen metering ratio required to be provided by the anode circulating pump is determined to be the difference between the target hydrogen metering ratio and the ejecting hydrogen metering ratio.
S1502, determining the working rotation speed of the circulating pump of the target electrode according to the current of the fuel cell, the target electrode gas concentration and the gas metering ratio required to be provided by the circulating pump.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 16, determining the operation rotation speed of the circulation pump of the target electrode according to the current of the fuel cell, the target electrode gas concentration, and the gas metering ratio to be provided by the circulation pump, includes the steps of:
s1601, determining a target flow of the circulating pump according to a gas metering ratio, current and target electrode gas concentration required to be provided by the circulating pump.
In one embodiment, the target flow rate of the circulation pump of the target electrode is determined according to a preset proportionality coefficient, the current of the fuel cell, the target electrode gas concentration and the gas metering ratio to be provided by the circulation pump, as shown in formula (3).
Wherein Q represents the target flow of the circulating pump of the target electrode, I represents the current of the fuel cell, a represents the preset proportionality coefficient, M cyc The gas metering ratio to be provided by the circulating pump of the target electrode is shown, and the gas concentration of the target electrode is shown as C.
Based on the above formula, the target flow rate of the cathode circulation pump and the target flow rate of the anode circulation pump can be obtained according to the calculation.
S1602, determining the reference rotation speed of the circulating pump according to the target flow of the circulating pump.
Determining a reference rotating speed of the circulating pump according to the target flow of the circulating pump and the flow mapping table; the flow mapping table includes a correspondence between flow and rotation speed, so that the rotation speed corresponding to the target flow is obtained from the flow mapping table, and the rotation speed corresponding to the target flow is determined as the reference rotation speed of the circulating pump.
S1603, determining the working speed of the circulating pump of the target pole according to the flooding state of the target pole and the reference speed.
If the reactant gases enter the fuel cell at a higher humidity (i.e., a higher water content), or react for a longer period of time at high currents (with more water being produced), flooding may occur in the catalytic and gas diffusion layers, which may lead to slow mass transfer of the cell and increased concentration polarization. Therefore, in the case where flooding of the fuel cell occurs, in order to secure the power generation efficiency of the fuel cell, the circulation flow rate may be increased to eliminate the flooding state, which will be described in detail by way of an embodiment.
In one embodiment, as shown in FIG. 17, the flooded condition includes flooding occurring and flooding not occurring; according to the flooding state of the target pole and the reference rotating speed, determining the working rotating speed of the circulating pump of the target pole, comprising the following steps:
s1701, determining the working rotation speed of the circulating pump according to the preset additional rotation speed and the reference rotation speed under the condition that the target pole is flooded.
Under the condition that the target pole is flooded, the working speed of the target pole circulating pump is determined according to the preset additional speed and the reference speed, specifically, an additional speed greater than 0 can be added on the basis of the reference speed, and the sum of the reference speed and the additional speed is the working speed of the circulating pump and is used for purging and draining the target pole of the fuel cell.
Optionally, after determining the working rotation speed of the circulation pump, the working rotation speed of the circulation pump may be sent to a circulation pump controller, where the circulation pump controller controls the rotation speed of the circulation pump.
S1702, determining the working rotation speed of the circulating pump as the reference rotation speed of the circulating pump under the condition that the target pole is not flooded.
And under the condition that the target pole is not flooded, directly determining the reference rotation speed of the circulating pump of the target pole as the working rotation speed of the circulating pump.
If the target is a cathode, determining the sum of the reference rotating speed of the cathode circulating pump and an additional rotating speed greater than 0 as the working rotating speed of the cathode circulating pump under the condition that the cathode is flooded; and under the condition that the cathode is not flooded, determining the reference rotation speed of the cathode circulating pump as the working rotation speed of the cathode circulating pump.
If the target is an anode, determining the sum of the reference rotation speed of the anode circulating pump and an additional rotation speed greater than 0 as the working rotation speed of the anode circulating pump under the condition that the anode is flooded; and in the case that the anode is not flooded, determining the reference rotation speed of the anode circulating pump as the working rotation speed of the anode circulating pump.
If the working rotation speed of the circulating pump of the target pole is 0, the electromagnetic valve of the circulating pump of the target pole is closed, and the circulating pump loop is cut off.
One embodiment may determine a flooding condition of the target pole based on the humidity of the gas in the target pole; for example, according to the humidity sensor, detecting the humidity of the gas in the target electrode, if the humidity is greater than a preset humidity threshold, determining that the target electrode is flooded, and if the humidity is less than or equal to the preset humidity threshold, determining that the target electrode is not flooded.
In another embodiment, the average monolithic voltage and the lowest monolithic voltage of the fuel cell may be obtained, and if the difference between the average monolithic voltage and the lowest monolithic voltage of the fuel cell is greater than a preset threshold, it may be determined that flooding occurs in the target electrode, otherwise, it is considered that flooding does not occur in the target electrode.
In the control method of the fuel cell provided by the embodiment of the application, the gas metering ratio required to be provided by the circulating pump of the target electrode is determined according to the target circulating gas metering ratio and the injection gas metering ratio, and the working rotating speed of the circulating pump of the target electrode is determined according to the current of the fuel cell, the target electrode gas concentration and the gas metering ratio required to be provided by the circulating pump. In the method, the gas metering ratio to be provided by the circulating pump can represent the gas circulation flow of the circulating pump, the gas circulation flow is realized through the rotating speed of the circulating pump, and when the working rotating speed of the circulating pump of the target electrode is determined, the circulating gas metering ratio of the circulating pump is considered, the current of the fuel cell and the gas concentration of the target electrode are considered, and the accuracy of the working rotating speed of the circulating pump of the target electrode is ensured, so that the power generation efficiency of the fuel cell is improved.
In practical operation, the change of the target oxygen/hydrogen metering ratio and the injection oxygen/hydrogen metering ratio along with the current and the oxygen/hydrogen concentration is more complex, so the change of the working rotation speed of the circulating pump along with the current and the oxygen/hydrogen concentration is also more complex, but the circulating pump has certain regularity. The lower the oxygen/hydrogen concentration, the higher the operating speed of the cathode/anode circulation pump at the same current; and under the same oxygen/hydrogen concentration, the working speed of the circulating pump is positively correlated with (target oxygen/hydrogen metering ratio-injection oxygen/hydrogen metering ratio) multiplied by current.
The above law is described in detail below in connection with an embodiment, in which, as shown in fig. 18, the law of the cathode and the anode is the same, and in which, as an example, fig. 18 shows a simpler case: the target oxygen circulation metering ratio does not change along with the change of current, and monotonically decreases along with the increase of oxygen concentration. In fig. 18, the oxygen concentration C 1 <Oxygen concentration C 2 <Oxygen concentration C 3 . Identical toUnder the oxygen concentration, the injection oxygen metering ratio is increased and then decreased along with the current increase, and the maximum value exists under a certain current; at the same current, the injection oxygen metering ratio monotonically increases with the increase of the oxygen concentration. In this case, there is a particular oxygen concentration C 2 Under the concentration, the target oxygen circulation metering ratio is tangent to the injection oxygen metering ratio, the tangent point is a transition point of the rotation speed of the circulation pump, and the working rotation speed of the circulation pump is equal to 0 only under the current corresponding to the tangent point.
When the oxygen concentration is>C 2 Time (as shown in C 3 ) The target oxygen circulation metering ratio and the injection oxygen metering ratio have 2 intersection points, the 2 intersection points are transition points of the rotation speed of the circulation pump, and the working rotation speed of the circulation pump is equal to 0 between the 2 intersection points.
When the oxygen concentration is less than C 2 Time (as in C) 1 ) The target oxygen circulation metering ratio and the injection oxygen metering ratio have no intersection point, and at the moment, the working rotation speed of the circulation pump is within the current full range>And 0, wherein the transition point of the rotation speed of the circulating pump is the current corresponding to the minimum value of (target oxygen circulation metering ratio-injection oxygen metering ratio) x current, namely the current corresponding to the tangent point of the curve family described by (target oxygen circulation metering ratio-injection oxygen metering ratio) x current=const and the injection oxygen metering ratio curve. The target metering ratio in fig. 18 is the target oxygen circulation metering ratio, and the injection metering ratio is the injection oxygen metering ratio.
If the rotation speed of the circulating pump only has 1 transition point, the target rotation speed of the circulating pump is reduced along with the increase of the current when the current is smaller than the transition point, and the target rotation speed of the circulating pump is increased along with the increase of the current when the current is larger than the transition point. If the target rotation speed of the circulating pump has 2 transition points, the target rotation speed of the circulating pump is reduced along with the current increase when the current is smaller than the smaller transition point, and the target rotation speed of the circulating pump is increased along with the current increase when the current is larger than the larger transition point.
In one embodiment, the present application further provides a control system and a control method for a fuel cell, taking a cathode gas as oxygen, an anode gas as hydrogen, and an inert gas as nitrogen, as shown in fig. 19a and 19b, fig. 19a is a control system for a fuel cell, fig. 19b is a control method for a fuel cell, an operation rotation speed of a cathode circulation pump is the same as a determination manner of an operation rotation speed of an anode circulation pump, and only an example of how to determine the operation rotation speed of the cathode circulation pump is described below, as shown in fig. 19b, where the embodiment includes the following steps:
S1901, determining a target oxygen circulation metering ratio and an injection oxygen metering ratio of the cathode according to the current and the oxygen concentration of the fuel cell.
S1902, obtaining a metering ratio difference value of a target oxygen circulation metering ratio and an injection oxygen metering ratio.
And S1903, determining the target flow of the cathode circulating pump according to the metering ratio difference value, the current and the oxygen concentration.
S1904, obtaining the reference rotation speed of the cathode circulating pump corresponding to the target flow from the flow mapping table.
S1905, in the case of flooding of the cathode of the fuel cell, determining the sum of the reference rotational speed and an additional rotational speed greater than 0 as the operating rotational speed of the cathode circulation pump.
S1906, in the case where flooding does not occur at the cathode of the fuel cell, the reference rotation speed is determined as the operation rotation speed of the cathode circulation pump.
S1907, controlling the operation of the fuel cell in the case where the cathode circulation pump is operated at the operation rotation speed.
And when the working rotation speed of the cathode circulating pump is 0, closing the first electromagnetic valve corresponding to the cathode circulating pump.
In addition, in order to clearly explain other related measures involved in the control process of the fuel cell of the present application, the present application further provides a control method of the fuel cell, and the control method of the fuel cell provided by the present application will be specifically described in detail by way of examples.
In one embodiment, there is also provided a control method of a fuel cell, including: determining a target gas pressure of inert gas according to preset cathode pressure and cathode gas concentration; injecting an inert gas into the cathode of the target fuel cell; if the gas pressure of the inert gas reaches the target gas pressure, the cathode gas is injected into the cathode and the anode gas is injected into the anode.
The cathode gas concentration represents the concentration which meets the requirement that the power generation performance of the target fuel cell reaches a preset performance value, and the cathode gas concentration is smaller than the corrosion concentration of the proton exchange membrane in the target fuel cell.
The cathode pressure represents the total pressure of the cathode, which may be the total pressure of the cathode during operation of the fuel cell; the cathode gas concentration means the concentration of the cathode gas in the cathode, and may be the cathode gas concentration of the cathode during the operation of the fuel cell, for example, the cathode gas is oxygen, and the cathode gas concentration is the oxygen concentration of the cathode; the target gas pressure of the inert gas is the gas pressure of nitrogen gas that is charged into the cathode of the fuel cell in the initial state of the fuel cell.
In one embodiment, the method for determining the target gas pressure of the inert gas may be to input the preset cathode pressure and cathode gas concentration into the build model according to the preset build model, and output the target gas pressure of the inert gas through analysis of the cathode pressure and cathode gas concentration by the build model.
In response to an operation instruction of the target fuel cell, the controller injects the inert gas into the cathode of the target fuel cell, or after determining a target gas pressure amount of the inert gas, receives an injection instruction of the inert gas and then injects the inert gas into the cathode of the target fuel cell.
Optionally, inert gas is injected into the cathode of the target fuel cell by controlling the displacement energy storage device. Specifically, the solenoid valve in the displacement energy storage device is controlled to be opened so that the displacement energy storage unit injects inert gas into the cathode of the target fuel cell.
In the case of injecting the inert gas into the cathode of the target fuel cell, if the gas pressure amount of the inert gas reaches the target gas pressure amount, the injection of the inert gas into the cathode is stopped, and the cathode gas and the anode gas are injected into the cathode and anode, respectively.
Wherein, the air pressure of the inert gas reaches the target air pressure, which can be that the cathode air pressure in the cathode reaches the target air pressure; optionally, under the condition that the energy storage replacement unit injects inert gas into the cathode of the target fuel cell, if the cathode of the cathode is detected to reach the target air pressure, the electromagnetic valve is controlled to be closed, the cathode energy storage device is controlled to inject cathode gas into the cathode, and the anode energy storage device is controlled to inject anode gas into the anode.
Specifically, if the cathode of the cathode reaches the target air pressure, the electromagnetic valve is controlled to be closed, the cathode energy storage unit is controlled to inject cathode gas into the cathode through the first gas regulating valve, the cathode mixing cavity and the cathode air inlet by regulating the first gas regulating valve, and the anode energy storage unit is controlled to inject anode gas into the anode through the second gas regulating valve, the anode mixing cavity and the anode air inlet by regulating the second gas regulating valve.
The pressure of the cathode can be acquired by a cathode pressure acquisition device.
In the control method of the fuel cell provided by the embodiment of the application, the target air pressure of the inert gas is determined according to the preset cathode pressure and the preset cathode gas concentration; the cathode gas concentration represents the concentration which meets the power generation performance of the target fuel cell and reaches a preset performance value, and the cathode gas concentration is smaller than the corrosion concentration of the proton exchange membrane in the target fuel cell; injecting an inert gas into the cathode of the target fuel cell; if the gas pressure of the inert gas reaches the target gas pressure, the cathode gas is injected into the cathode and the anode gas is injected into the anode. In the method, the cathode gas concentration is smaller than the corrosion concentration of the proton exchange membrane in the target fuel cell, and the target gas pressure of the inert gas injected into the target fuel cell is determined according to the cathode gas concentration, so that the cathode gas concentration of the cathode is consistent with the preset cathode gas concentration in the steady state of the target fuel cell, the cathode gas concentration of the cathode is ensured to be smaller than the corrosion concentration of the proton exchange membrane in the working process of the fuel cell, the inert gas is reasonably injected into the target fuel cell, the corrosion of the proton exchange membrane between the cathode and the anode caused by the too high cathode gas concentration is avoided, and the reliability of the fuel cell in the use process is improved; in addition, the concentration of the cathode gas is a concentration which meets the requirement that the power generation performance of the target fuel cell reaches a preset performance value, so that the inert gas injected into the target fuel cell can not influence the power generation performance of the target fuel cell, and the target fuel cell has better power generation performance.
In one embodiment, injecting a cathode gas into a cathode and an anode gas into an anode includes: injecting cathode gas into the cathode according to the cathode pressure, and injecting anode gas into the anode according to the preset anode pressure; the difference between the cathode pressure and the anode pressure is within a preset pressure differential range.
When cathode gas is injected into the cathode, the total pressure of the cathode is always controlled to be at the cathode pressure, wherein the flow of the cathode gas injected into the cathode by the cathode energy storage unit can be regulated through the first gas regulating valve, so that the total pressure of the cathode is always at the preset cathode pressure, namely, the total pressure of the cathode is controlled to be unchanged in the operation process of the fuel cell.
When anode gas is injected into the anode, the total pressure of the anode is controlled to be always at a preset anode pressure, wherein the flow of the anode gas injected into the anode by the anode energy storage unit can be regulated through the second gas regulating valve, so that the total pressure of the anode is always at the preset anode pressure, namely, the total pressure of the anode is controlled to be unchanged in the operation process of the fuel cell.
In the operation process of the fuel cell, the total pressure of the cathode is controlled to be at preset cathode pressure by adjusting the cathode gas injected into the cathode by the cathode energy storage device and the anode gas injected into the anode by the anode energy storage device, the total pressure of the anode is at preset anode pressure, inert gas is continuously circulated in the fuel cell, the consumption and the discharge are avoided, the effect of diluting oxygen can be achieved, and the fuel cell can be determined to be in a stable state under the condition that the gas concentration of the cathode is kept unchanged in a preset period of time. In the case where the fuel cell is in a steady state, the cathode gas supply amount of the cathode is equal to the cathode gas consumption amount of the cathode, and the anode gas supply amount of the anode is equal to the anode gas consumption amount of the anode; when other conditions (such as operating temperature, total cathode and anode pressure, etc.) remain unchanged, the cathode gas concentration and the anode gas concentration also remain unchanged; the inert gas partial pressure of the cathode is equal to the inert gas partial pressure of the anode, and the water vapor partial pressure of the cathode is also equal to the water vapor partial pressure of the anode.
The difference between the cathode pressure and the anode pressure is within a preset pressure difference range, and the difference between the cathode gas concentration and the anode gas concentration of the cathode is also within the preset pressure difference range. If the cathode pressure is equal to the anode pressure, the cathode gas concentration of the cathode is also equal to the anode gas concentration of the anode.
In the control method of the fuel cell provided by the embodiment of the application, cathode gas is injected into the cathode according to the cathode pressure, and anode gas is injected into the anode according to the preset anode pressure; the difference between the cathode pressure and the anode pressure is within a preset pressure differential range. In the method, the total pressure of the cathode is controlled to be at the preset cathode pressure, the total pressure of the anode is controlled to be at the preset anode pressure, and the difference between the cathode pressure and the anode pressure is within the preset pressure difference range, so that the pressure difference in the cathode and the anode can be controlled within the controllable range, and the running stability and the running reliability of the fuel cell are ensured.
In one embodiment, determining the target gas pressure of the inert gas based on the preset cathode pressure and cathode gas concentration comprises the steps of: the water saturation vapor pressure in the cathode at a preset operating temperature is obtained, and a target gas pressure amount of the inert gas is determined according to the cathode pressure, the cathode gas concentration and the water saturation vapor pressure.
The operation temperature of the fuel cell can be controlled by the thermal management subsystem to control the increase or decrease of the operation temperature of the fuel cell.
The fuel cell has a high temperature, good performance, and easier heat dissipation, but the durability is adversely affected, so that the operating temperature of the fuel cell can be determined based on historical experience, and the fuel cell can be controlled to operate at the operating temperature.
The operating temperature of the fuel cell may be the operating temperatures of the cathode and anode of the fuel cell, and thus the water saturation vapor pressure in the cathode of the fuel cell may be determined according to the preset operating temperature of the fuel cell.
In one embodiment, the water saturation vapor pressure of the cathode at a preset operating temperature may be determined from the correspondence between the operating temperature and the water saturation vapor pressure; as shown in fig. 20, fig. 20 is a graph showing the relationship between the water saturation vapor pressure and the temperature, and the water saturation vapor pressure in the cathode at the predetermined operating temperature can be directly determined from fig. 20, for example, if the predetermined operating temperature of the fuel cell is T 1 The water saturation vapor pressure in the cathode is P sat1 。
The target air pressure of the inert gas is the air pressure of the inert gas filled into the cathode by the replacement energy storage device.
In one embodiment, determining the target gas pressure of the inert gas based on the cathode pressure, the cathode gas concentration, and the water saturation vapor pressure comprises the steps of: determining the inert gas pressure of the cathode in the target fuel cell according to the cathode pressure, the cathode gas concentration and the water saturation vapor pressure; the target gas pressure of the inert gas is determined according to the volume of the cathode, the volume of the anode and the inert gas pressure of the cathode.
The partial pressure of the inert gas at the cathode in the target fuel cell is the partial pressure of the inert gas at the cathode under the condition of steady state of the fuel cell.
Since the concentration=volume fraction=partial pressure/total pressure, the sum of the inert gas concentration and the water vapor concentration of the cathode can be determined from the cathode gas concentration, the sum of the inert gas concentration and the water vapor concentration of the cathode, and the cathode pressure, the sum of the partial pressures of the inert gas and the water vapor in the cathode, and the inert gas pressure amount of the cathode in the target fuel cell can be determined from the sum of the partial pressures of the inert gas and the water vapor in the cathode, and the water saturated vapor pressure. The inert gas pressure of the cathode in the target fuel cell can be calculated using equation (4).
M＝P 1 *(1-C 1 )-P sat1 (4)
Wherein M represents the inert gas pressure of the cathode in the target fuel cell, and P 1 Represents cathode pressure, C 1 Represents the cathode gas concentration, P sat1 Represents the water saturation vapor pressure.
Alternatively, the volume of the cathode means the volume of the cathode accommodating chamber, and the volume of the anode means the volume of the anode accommodating chamber. Since the gas pressure of the inert gas injected into the cathode by the energy storage displacement device is the total gas pressure of the cathode and the anode in the initial state, and since the inert gas partial pressure of the cathode and the inert gas partial pressure of the anode are equal in the steady state of the fuel cell, the volume of the anode is determined to be the multiple of the volume of the cathode according to the volume of the cathode and the volume of the anode, and the target gas pressure of the inert gas is determined according to the multiple and the inert gas pressure of the cathode in the target fuel cell, as shown in formula (5).
N＝(1+x)*M (5)
Where N represents the target gas pressure amount of the inert gas, x represents the volume of the anode being a multiple of the volume of the cathode, and M represents the inert gas pressure amount of the cathode in the target fuel cell.
For example, if the volume of the cathode is equal to the volume of the anode, the target gas pressure amount of the inert gas is 2M, and if the volume of the anode is 2 times the volume of the cathode, the target gas pressure amount of the inert gas is 3M.
In the control method of the fuel cell provided by the embodiment of the application, the water saturation vapor pressure in the cathode at the preset operation temperature is obtained, and the target gas pressure amount of the inert gas is determined according to the cathode pressure, the cathode gas concentration and the water saturation vapor pressure. In the method, the target air pressure of the inert gas needed inside the fuel cell is determined by the cathode pressure, the cathode gas concentration and the operating temperature during operation, so that the cathode gas concentration is the preset cathode gas concentration under the conditions of the cathode pressure and the operating temperature during operation of the fuel cell, thereby avoiding the corrosion of the proton exchange membrane between the cathode and the anode caused by the excessive gas concentration and improving the reliability of the fuel cell.
After determining the target gas pressure of the inert gas in the target fuel cell, the inert gas is injected into the cathode of the target fuel cell, and a specific procedure for injecting the inert gas into the cathode is described below by way of one embodiment, in which the inert gas is injected into the cathode of the target fuel cell, including: if the target air pressure is greater than or equal to the local atmospheric pressure, injecting pure inert gas into the cathode of the target fuel cell; if the target air pressure is less than the local atmospheric pressure, injecting mixed inert gas into the cathode of the target fuel cell; the mixed inert gas includes an inert gas and a cathode gas.
Under the condition that the target air pressure of the inert gas required to be injected into the cathode is greater than or equal to the local atmospheric pressure, the replacement energy storage device can be directly controlled to inject pure nitrogen into the cathode until the total pressure of the cathode reaches the target air pressure.
Specifically, when the target air pressure is greater than or equal to the local atmospheric pressure, an electromagnetic valve in the displacement energy storage device is opened, the displacement energy storage unit is controlled to inject pure inert gas into the cathode, and when the pressure of the cathode is detected to reach the target air pressure, the electromagnetic valve is controlled to be closed, and the injection of the pure inert gas into the cathode is stopped. The gas stored in the displacement energy storage unit is pure inert gas, for example, pure nitrogen.
Since the minimum inert gas partial pressure of the pure inert gas is equal to the local atmospheric pressure, it is necessary to inject the mixed inert gas to the cathode of the target fuel cell in the case where the target gas pressure amount is smaller than the local atmospheric pressure, and in one embodiment, the mixed inert gas is injected to the cathode of the target fuel cell, comprising the steps of: determining a target volume fraction of the inert gas based on the target gas pressure and the local atmospheric pressure; determining the mixed air pressure of the mixed inert gas of the cathode according to the target air pressure and the target volume fraction; and injecting mixed inert gas into the cathode according to the mixed gas pressure.
The target volume fraction of the inert gas is the volume fraction of the inert gas in the mixed inert gas injected into the cathode, and the mixed inert gas can be the mixed gas of air, cathode gas and inert gas; for example, taking inert gas as nitrogen and cathode gas as oxygen as an example, the mixed inert gas can be air or oxygen-nitrogen mixed gas, and the target volume fraction of the inert gas is the volume fraction of nitrogen in the inert mixed gas.
Therefore, the volume fraction of the inert gas may satisfy the following condition:
wherein C is rep Represents the target volume fraction of the inert gas, N represents the target gas pressure of the inert gas, and P atm Indicating the local atmospheric pressure.
The target volume fraction of the inert gas may be any value that is less than or equal to the ratio of the target gas pressure amount of the inert gas to the local atmospheric pressure.
The ratio of the target gas pressure to the target volume fraction is determined as the mixed gas pressure of the mixed inert gas of the cathode, as shown in formula (7).
Wherein P is N The mixed gas pressure of the mixed inert gas of the cathode is represented by N, the target gas pressure is represented by C rep Representing a target volume fraction of inert gas.
Injecting mixed inert gas into the cathode until the total pressure of the cathode reaches the mixed air pressure; when the total pressure of the cathode is the mixed air pressure, the air pressure of the inert gas at the cathode is the target air pressure.
Specifically, an electromagnetic valve in the replacement energy storage device is opened, the replacement energy storage unit is controlled to inject mixed inert gas into the cathode, and when the pressure of the cathode is detected to reach the mixed air pressure, the electromagnetic valve is controlled to be closed, and the mixed inert gas is stopped to be injected into the cathode. The gas stored in the displacement energy storage unit is mixed inert gas, for example, oxygen-nitrogen mixed gas.
In the control method of the fuel cell provided by the embodiment of the application, if the target air pressure is greater than or equal to the local atmospheric pressure, pure inert gas is injected into the cathode of the target fuel cell; if the target air pressure is less than the local atmospheric pressure, injecting mixed inert gas into the cathode of the target fuel cell; the mixed inert gas includes an inert gas and a cathode gas. In the method, the type and the air pressure of the gas injected into the cathode are reasonably determined according to the relation between the target air pressure and the local atmospheric pressure, so that the reasonable injection of the inert gas is realized, and the accuracy of the inert gas injected into the cathode is ensured.
In the following, a method for controlling the concentration of the cathode gas during the operation of the fuel cell is described by way of an example, and the method for controlling the concentration of the anode gas is the same as the method for controlling the concentration of the cathode gas, and only the method for controlling the concentration of the cathode gas will be described by way of example. In one embodiment, the embodiment includes: adjusting the current cathode gas concentration of the target fuel cell to a target cathode gas concentration in response to the cathode gas concentration adjustment command; the cathode gas adjustment command carries a target cathode gas concentration.
The current cathode gas concentration is the current cathode gas concentration, and the target cathode gas concentration is the cathode gas concentration to be adjusted.
When the cathode gas concentration needs to be adjusted, a cathode gas concentration adjustment instruction can be sent to the controller so as to adjust the current cathode gas concentration of the target fuel cell to the target cathode gas concentration; the cathode gas adjustment instruction carries the target cathode gas concentration to be adjusted
The cathode pressure and the operating temperature of the fuel cell can be controlled, the cathode pressure can be regulated by the first gas regulating valve, and the operating temperature is controlled by the thermal management subsystem.
In one embodiment, controlling the cathode pressure to be constant, adjusting the cathode gas concentration by adjusting the operating temperature of the fuel cell, and adjusting the current cathode gas concentration of the target fuel cell to the target cathode gas concentration, comprises the steps of: acquiring the water saturation vapor pressure of a cathode of a target fuel cell, and determining a target water saturation vapor pressure according to the water saturation vapor pressure, the cathode pressure, the current cathode gas concentration and the target cathode gas concentration; determining a target operating temperature of the target fuel cell based on the target water saturation vapor pressure; the operating temperature of the target fuel cell is adjusted to the target operating temperature such that the cathode gas concentration of the cathode is the target cathode gas concentration.
Determining the cathode water saturation vapor pressure of the target fuel cell according to the current operating temperature and the corresponding relation between the temperature and the water saturation vapor pressure of the target fuel cell; and then determining a concentration difference value according to the current cathode gas concentration and the target cathode gas concentration, determining a pressure difference generated by the concentration difference value according to the concentration difference value and the cathode pressure, and determining a target water saturation vapor pressure according to the pressure difference generated by the concentration difference value and the water saturation vapor pressure, as shown in a formula (8).
P sat2 ＝P sat1 -P 1 *(C 2 -C 1 ) (8)
Wherein P is sat2 Represents the target water saturation vapor pressure, P sat1 Represents the water saturation vapor pressure, P 1 Represents cathode pressure, C 2 Represents the target cathode gas concentration, C 1 Indicating the current cathode gas concentration.
And according to the target water saturation vapor pressure, acquiring the temperature corresponding to the target water saturation vapor pressure from the corresponding relation between the temperature and the water saturation vapor pressure, and determining the temperature as the target operating temperature of the target fuel cell.
The current operating temperature of the target fuel cell is adjusted to a target operating temperature based on the target operating temperature at which the cathode gas concentration of the cathode is the target cathode gas concentration.
The controller may send the target operating temperature to a thermal management subsystem that adjusts the operating temperature of the target fuel cell to the target operating temperature based on the received target operating temperature.
In another embodiment, controlling the operating temperature of the target fuel cell to be constant, adjusting the cathode gas concentration by adjusting the cathode pressure of the fuel cell, and adjusting the current cathode gas concentration of the target fuel cell to the target cathode gas concentration, comprises the steps of: determining target pressure of the cathode according to the cathode pressure, the current cathode gas concentration and the target cathode gas concentration, and injecting cathode gas into the cathode until the pressure of the cathode reaches the target pressure; the cathode gas concentration of the cathode at the target pressure is the target cathode gas concentration.
Since the operating temperature of the target fuel cell is unchanged, the partial pressure of the water vapor is unchanged, and the partial pressure of the inert gas of the cathode is also unchanged, the current total concentration of the water vapor and the inert gas and the target total concentration of the water vapor and the inert gas after the concentration of the cathode is adjusted can be calculated, and the target pressure of the cathode is determined according to the current total concentration, the target total concentration and the cathode pressure; as shown in equation (9).
Wherein P is 2 Indicating the target pressure of the cathode, P 1 Represents cathode pressure, C 1 Indicating the current cathode gas concentration, C 2 Representing a target cathode gas concentration; (1-C) 1 ) Represents the current total concentration of the current water vapor and the inert gas, (1-C 2 ) Indicating the target total concentration of water vapor and inert gas after the cathode gas concentration is adjusted.
And controlling the cathode energy storage device to inject cathode gas into the cathode based on the target pressure of the cathode until the total pressure of the cathode reaches the target pressure.
Since the cathode pressure of the cathode and the operation temperature of the fuel cell have certain range limitations due to the performance of the fuel cell, the cathode gas concentration can be controlled by adjusting the combination of the operation temperature and the cathode pressure when adjusting the cathode gas concentration of the cathode. In the above adjustment process, the total pressure of the cathode and the anode, and the operation temperature are synchronously changed, so that the cathode gas concentration and the anode gas concentration are synchronously changed, that is, the anode pressure of the anode is correspondingly changed when the cathode pressure of the cathode is adjusted.
In the control method of the fuel cell provided by the embodiment of the application, the current cathode gas concentration of the target fuel cell is adjusted to the target cathode gas concentration in response to the cathode gas concentration adjustment instruction; the cathode gas adjustment command carries a target cathode gas concentration. In the method, the cathode gas concentration of the cathode is correspondingly adjusted by the cathode gas adjusting instruction, so that the cathode gas concentration of the cathode can be quickly adjusted.
In the control method of the fuel cell provided by the embodiment of the application, the application scene of the closed environment is oriented, the necessity of the anode tail row is eliminated fundamentally, the zero gas emission in the true sense is realized, and an exhaust gas treatment and recovery device is not needed. In the aspect of a control method, when the control system of the fuel cell is operated, only the supply and circulation of two gases of hydrogen and oxygen are required to be controlled, and the cathode oxygen concentration and the anode hydrogen concentration can be controlled by controlling the internal nitrogen amount of the fuel cell, the total pressure of the cathode and the anode and the operating temperature of the fuel cell in an initial state, so that a control algorithm is greatly simplified, and the practicability of the fuel cell system and the application potential in a closed environment are obviously enhanced.
In an embodiment, the present application further provides a control method, taking cathode gas as oxygen, anode gas as hydrogen, and inert gas as nitrogen as an example, as shown in fig. 21, and fig. 21 is a control method of a fuel cell, where the embodiment includes the following steps:
s2101, in an initial state of the fuel cell, performing a gas replacement process;
and determining the nitrogen quantity injected into the cathode by the replacement energy storage unit according to the target pressure of the cathode, the target oxygen concentration of the cathode and the operating temperature of the fuel cell, and injecting nitrogen into the cathode based on the nitrogen quantity to realize the gas replacement process.
S2102, controlling the fuel cell to enter a closed environment, wherein the fuel cell is in a standby state.
S2103, injecting oxygen into the cathode based on the target pressure of the cathode, and injecting hydrogen into the anode based on the target pressure of the anode, thereby starting the fuel cell.
S2104, with oxygen being injected into the cathode, hydrogen is injected into the anode, and the fuel cell enters into operation.
S2105, the fuel cell is controlled to stop, and the fuel cell is put back into the standby state.
It should be understood that, although the steps in the flowcharts related to the embodiments described above are sequentially shown as indicated by arrows, these steps are not necessarily sequentially performed in the order indicated by the arrows. The steps are not strictly limited to the order of execution unless explicitly recited herein, and the steps may be executed in other orders. Moreover, at least some of the steps in the flowcharts described in the above embodiments may include a plurality of steps or a plurality of stages, which are not necessarily performed at the same time, but may be performed at different times, and the order of the steps or stages is not necessarily performed sequentially, but may be performed alternately or alternately with at least some of the other steps or stages.
Based on the same inventive concept, the embodiments of the present application also provide a control device for a fuel cell for implementing the above-mentioned control method for a fuel cell. The implementation of the solution provided by the device is similar to that described in the above method, so the specific limitation in the embodiments of the control device for one or more fuel cells provided below may be referred to the limitation of the control method for a fuel cell hereinabove, and will not be repeated here.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 22, there is provided a control device 2200 of a fuel cell, comprising: a parameter acquisition module 2201, a metering ratio acquisition module 2202, a rotation speed determination module 2203, and a control module 2204, wherein:
a parameter acquisition module 2201 for acquiring a current of the fuel cell and a target electrode gas concentration; the target electrode gas concentration is any concentration in a concentration range which enables the power generation performance of the fuel cell to reach a preset performance value and is smaller than the corrosion concentration of the proton exchange membrane in the fuel cell;
a metering ratio acquisition module 2202 for determining a target cycle gas metering ratio and an injection gas metering ratio for a target electrode of the fuel cell based on the current and the target electrode gas concentration; the target is the cathode and/or anode of the fuel cell;
The rotating speed determining module 2203 is used for determining the working rotating speed of the circulating pump of the target pole according to the target circulating gas metering ratio and the injection gas metering ratio; the working speed of the circulating pump is used for compensating the circulating gas flow required by the target electrode of the fuel cell;
a control module 2204 is configured to control operation of the fuel cell when the circulation pump is operating at an operating speed.
In one embodiment, the rotational speed determination module 2203 includes:
the metering ratio determining unit is used for determining the gas metering ratio required to be provided by the circulating pump of the target electrode according to the target circulating gas metering ratio and the injection gas metering ratio;
and the rotating speed determining unit is used for determining the working rotating speed of the circulating pump of the target electrode according to the current of the fuel cell, the target electrode gas concentration and the gas metering ratio required to be provided by the circulating pump.
In one embodiment, the rotation speed determination unit includes:
the flow determining subunit is used for determining the target flow of the circulating pump according to the gas metering ratio, the current and the target electrode gas concentration required to be provided by the circulating pump;
a first determining subunit, configured to determine a reference rotation speed of the circulation pump according to a target flow rate of the circulation pump;
and the second determination subunit is used for determining the working rotation speed of the circulating pump of the target pole according to the flooding state of the target pole and the reference rotation speed.
In one embodiment, the flooded condition includes flooding occurring and flooding not occurring; the second determining subunit is further used for determining the working rotation speed of the circulating pump according to the preset additional rotation speed and the reference rotation speed under the condition that the target pole is flooded; and under the condition that the target pole is not flooded, determining the working rotation speed of the circulating pump as the reference rotation speed of the circulating pump.
The respective modules in the control device of the fuel cell described above may be implemented in whole or in part by software, hardware, and combinations thereof. The above modules may be embedded in hardware or may be independent of a processor in the computer device, or may be stored in software in a memory in the computer device, so that the processor may call and execute operations corresponding to the above modules.
In one embodiment, a computer device is provided, which may be a server, and the internal structure of which may be as shown in fig. 23. The computer device includes a processor, a memory, an Input/Output interface (I/O) and a communication interface. The processor, the memory and the input/output interface are connected through a system bus, and the communication interface is connected to the system bus through the input/output interface. Wherein the processor of the computer device is configured to provide computing and control capabilities. The memory of the computer device includes a non-volatile storage medium and an internal memory. The non-volatile storage medium stores an operating system, computer programs, and a database. The internal memory provides an environment for the operation of the operating system and computer programs in the non-volatile storage media. The database of the computer device is used for storing control data of the fuel cell. The input/output interface of the computer device is used to exchange information between the processor and the external device. The communication interface of the computer device is used for communicating with an external terminal through a network connection. The computer program, when executed by a processor, implements a method of controlling a fuel cell.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the structure shown in fig. 23 is merely a block diagram of a portion of the structure associated with the present application and is not limiting of the computer device to which the present application is applied, and that a particular computer device may include more or fewer components than shown, or may combine certain components, or have a different arrangement of components.
In an embodiment, there is also provided a computer device comprising a memory and a processor, the memory having stored therein a computer program, the processor implementing the steps of the method embodiments described above when the computer program is executed.
The principle and technical effects of each step implemented by the processor in the embodiment of the present application are similar to those of the control method of the fuel cell described above, and are not described herein again.
In one embodiment, a computer-readable storage medium is provided, on which a computer program is stored which, when executed by a processor, carries out the steps of the method embodiments described above.
The steps of the computer program in the embodiments of the present application, which are implemented when executed by the processor, implement principles and technical effects similar to those of the control method of the fuel cell described above, and are not described herein again.
In an embodiment, a computer program product is provided, comprising a computer program which, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the method embodiments described above.
The steps of the computer program in the embodiments of the present application, which are implemented when executed by the processor, implement principles and technical effects similar to those of the control method of the fuel cell described above, and are not described herein again.
It should be noted that, the data (including, but not limited to, data for analysis, stored data, displayed data, etc.) referred to in the present application are all information and data authorized by the user or sufficiently authorized by each party, and the collection, use and processing of the related data are required to comply with the related laws and regulations and standards of the related countries and regions.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that implementing all or part of the above described methods may be accomplished by way of a computer program stored on a non-transitory computer readable storage medium, which when executed, may comprise the steps of the embodiments of the methods described above. Any reference to memory, database, or other medium used in the various embodiments provided herein may include at least one of non-volatile and volatile memory. The nonvolatile Memory may include Read-Only Memory (ROM), magnetic tape, floppy disk, flash Memory, optical Memory, high density embedded nonvolatile Memory, resistive random access Memory (ReRAM), magnetic random access Memory (Magnetoresistive Random Access Memory, MRAM), ferroelectric Memory (Ferroelectric Random Access Memory, FRAM), phase change Memory (Phase Change Memory, PCM), graphene Memory, and the like. Volatile memory can include random access memory (Random Access Memory, RAM) or external cache memory, and the like. By way of illustration, and not limitation, RAM can be in the form of a variety of forms, such as static random access memory (Static Random Access Memory, SRAM) or dynamic random access memory (Dynamic Random Access Memory, DRAM), and the like. The databases referred to in the various embodiments provided herein may include at least one of relational databases and non-relational databases. The non-relational database may include, but is not limited to, a blockchain-based distributed database, and the like. The processors referred to in the embodiments provided herein may be general purpose processors, central processing units, graphics processors, digital signal processors, programmable logic units, quantum computing-based data processing logic units, etc., without being limited thereto.
The technical features of the above embodiments may be arbitrarily combined, and all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are not described for brevity of description, however, as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features, they should be considered as the scope of the description.
The above examples only represent a few embodiments of the present application, which are described in more detail and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the present application. It should be noted that it would be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and improvements could be made without departing from the spirit of the present application, which would be within the scope of the present application. Accordingly, the scope of protection of the present application shall be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (21)
1. A control method of a fuel cell, characterized by comprising:
acquiring the current and target electrode gas concentration of the fuel cell; the target electrode gas concentration is any concentration which enables the power generation performance of the fuel cell to reach a preset performance value and is smaller than the corrosion concentration of a proton exchange membrane in the fuel cell;
acquiring a target circulating gas metering ratio and an injection gas metering ratio of a target electrode corresponding to the current and the target electrode gas concentration from a preset mapping table; the target is the cathode and/or anode of the fuel cell;
Determining the working rotation speed of a circulating pump of the target electrode according to the target circulating gas metering ratio and the injection gas metering ratio; the working speed of the circulating pump is used for compensating the circulating gas flow required by the target electrode of the fuel cell;
and controlling the fuel cell to operate under the condition that the circulating pump operates at the operating rotation speed.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein said determining the operating speed of the circulation pump of the target pole based on the target circulation gas metering ratio and the injection gas metering ratio comprises:
determining the gas metering ratio to be provided by the circulating pump of the target electrode according to the target circulating gas metering ratio and the injection gas metering ratio;
and determining the working rotation speed of the circulating pump of the target electrode according to the current of the fuel cell, the target electrode gas concentration and the gas metering ratio required to be provided by the circulating pump.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein determining the operating speed of the circulation pump for the target electrode based on the current of the fuel cell, the target electrode gas concentration, and the gas metering ratio to be provided by the circulation pump comprises:
Determining a target flow of the circulating pump according to a gas metering ratio, the current and the target electrode gas concentration which are required to be provided by the circulating pump;
determining a reference rotating speed of the circulating pump according to the target flow of the circulating pump;
and determining the working rotation speed of the circulating pump of the target pole according to the flooding state of the target pole and the reference rotation speed.
4. A method according to claim 3, wherein the flooding conditions include flooding and non-flooding; and determining the working rotation speed of the circulating pump of the target pole according to the flooding state of the target pole and the reference rotation speed, wherein the working rotation speed comprises the following steps:
under the condition that the target pole is flooded, determining the working rotation speed of the circulating pump according to the preset additional rotation speed and the reference rotation speed;
and under the condition that the target pole is not flooded, determining the working rotation speed of the circulating pump as the reference rotation speed of the circulating pump.
5. A control system of a fuel cell, characterized by comprising: the device comprises a target pole ejector, a target pole circulating pump and a controller, wherein the target pole ejector is connected with the target pole circulating pump in parallel; the target electrode air outlet of the fuel cell is connected with the target electrode air inlet of the fuel cell through the target electrode ejector and the target electrode circulating pump; the target is the cathode and/or anode of the fuel cell;
The controller is used for acquiring a target circulating gas metering ratio and an injection gas metering ratio of a target electrode corresponding to the current and the target electrode gas concentration of the fuel cell from a preset mapping table; the target is the cathode and/or anode of the fuel cell; determining the working rotation speed of the circulating pump of the target electrode according to the target circulating gas metering ratio and the injection gas metering ratio; the target electrode gas concentration is any concentration which enables the power generation performance of the fuel cell to reach a preset performance value and is smaller than the corrosion concentration of a proton exchange membrane in the fuel cell;
the target electrode ejector is used for sucking the gas at the gas outlet of the target electrode to the gas inlet of the target electrode;
and the target pole circulating pump is used for conveying the gas at the gas outlet of the target pole to the gas inlet of the target pole at the working rotating speed so as to compensate the circulating gas flow required by the target pole of the fuel cell.
6. The control system of claim 5, wherein the target is a cathode, the control system comprising a cathode ejector and a cathode circulation pump, the cathode ejector and the cathode circulation pump being connected in parallel; the cathode air outlet of the fuel cell is connected with the cathode air inlet of the fuel cell through the cathode ejector and the cathode circulating pump;
The cathode ejector is used for sucking the gas at the cathode gas outlet to the cathode gas inlet;
and the cathode circulating pump is used for conveying the gas at the cathode outlet to the cathode inlet so as to compensate the circulating gas flow required by the cathode of the fuel cell.
7. The control system of claim 6, further comprising a cathode gas-water separator and a first solenoid valve; the cathode gas outlet is connected with the cathode gas-water separator, the cathode gas-water separator is connected with the cathode circulating pump through the first electromagnetic valve, and the cathode gas-water separator is connected with the cathode ejector;
the cathode gas-water separator is used for separating gas and moisture in a cathode of the fuel cell;
the first electromagnetic valve is used for cutting off a loop of conveying gas to the cathode through the cathode circulating pump from the cathode gas outlet under the condition that the working rotating speed of the cathode circulating pump is 0.
8. The control system of claim 7, wherein a cathode level sensor and a cathode drain valve are mounted on the cathode gas-water separator, the cathode level sensor being for detecting a cathode water level in the cathode gas-water separator;
The cathode gas-water separator is further used for controlling the cathode drain valve to be opened under the condition that the cathode water level is greater than a preset first height threshold value, so that water in the cathode gas-water separator is discharged until the cathode water level is smaller than or equal to a preset second height threshold value, and the second height threshold value is smaller than the first height threshold value.
9. The control system of claim 6, wherein the control system further comprises: the cathode energy storage device, the replacement energy storage device and the cathode mixing cavity; the cathode energy storage device is connected with the cathode air inlet through the cathode ejector and the cathode mixing cavity in sequence; the replacement energy storage device is connected with the cathode air inlet through the cathode mixing cavity; the cathode circulating pump is connected with the cathode air inlet through the cathode mixing cavity;
the replacement energy storage device is used for injecting inert gas into the cathode of the fuel cell through the cathode air inlet; the inert gas is used for enabling the cathode gas concentration of the cathode to meet the power generation performance of the fuel cell to reach a preset performance value in the operation process of controlling the fuel cell, and is smaller than the corrosion concentration of a proton exchange membrane in the fuel cell;
The cathode energy storage device is used for injecting cathode gas into the cathode through the cathode ejector, the cathode mixing cavity and the cathode air inlet.
10. The control system of claim 9, wherein the cathode energy storage device comprises a cathode energy storage unit and a cathode gas regulator valve; the cathode energy storage unit is connected with the cathode ejector through the cathode gas regulating valve;
the cathode energy storage unit is used for injecting the cathode gas into the cathode through the cathode ejector, the cathode mixing cavity and the cathode air inlet;
the cathode gas regulating valve is used for regulating the flow rate when the cathode energy storage unit injects the cathode gas into the cathode.
11. The control system of claim 9, wherein the displacement energy storage device comprises a displacement energy storage unit and a second solenoid valve; the replacement energy storage unit is connected with the cathode mixing cavity through the second electromagnetic valve;
the second electromagnetic valve is used for controlling the replacement energy storage unit to inject inert gas into the cathode of the fuel cell through the cathode mixing cavity and the cathode air inlet.
12. The control system of any one of claims 5-11, wherein the target is an anode, the control system comprising an anode ejector and an anode circulation pump, the anode ejector and the anode circulation pump being connected in parallel; the anode gas outlet of the fuel cell is connected with the anode gas inlet of the fuel cell through the anode ejector and the anode circulating pump;
The anode ejector is used for sucking the gas at the anode gas outlet to the anode gas inlet;
the anode circulating pump is used for conveying the gas at the anode outlet to the anode inlet so as to compensate the circulating gas flow required by the anode of the fuel cell.
13. The control system of claim 12, further comprising an anode gas-water separator and a third solenoid valve; the anode gas outlet is connected with the anode gas-water separator, the anode gas-water separator is connected with the anode circulating pump through the third electromagnetic valve, and the anode gas-water separator is connected with the anode ejector;
the anode gas-water separator is used for separating gas and moisture in the anode of the fuel cell;
the third electromagnetic valve is used for cutting off a loop of conveying gas to the anode through the anode circulating pump from the anode gas outlet under the condition that the working rotating speed of the anode circulating pump is 0.
14. The control system of claim 13, wherein an anode liquid level sensor and an anode drain valve are mounted on the anode gas-water separator, the anode liquid level sensor being configured to detect an anode water level in the anode gas-water separator;
The anode gas-water separator is further used for controlling the anode drain valve to be opened under the condition that the anode water level is greater than a preset third height threshold value so as to drain water in the anode gas-water separator until the anode water level is less than or equal to a fourth height threshold value; the fourth height threshold is less than the third height threshold.
15. The control system of claim 12, wherein the control system further comprises: an anode energy storage device and an anode mixing chamber; the anode energy storage device is connected with the anode air inlet through the anode ejector and the anode mixing cavity in sequence; the anode circulating pump is connected with the anode air inlet through the anode mixing cavity;
the anode energy storage device is used for injecting anode gas into the anode through the anode ejector, the anode mixing cavity and the anode air inlet.
16. The control system of claim 15, wherein the anode energy storage device comprises an anode energy storage unit and an anode gas regulator valve; the anode energy storage unit is connected with the anode mixing cavity through the anode gas regulating valve and the anode ejector in sequence;
The anode energy storage unit is used for injecting the anode gas into the anode through the anode ejector, the anode mixing cavity and the anode air inlet;
the anode gas regulating valve is used for regulating the flow rate when the anode energy storage unit injects the anode gas into the anode.
17. The control system of any one of claims 5-11, further comprising a target pole concentration pickup device mounted at a first preset position of a target pole of the fuel cell;
the target electrode concentration acquisition device is used for acquiring the target electrode gas concentration of the target electrode of the fuel cell.
18. The control system according to any one of claims 5 to 11, further comprising a target extreme pressure force acquisition device mounted at a second preset position of a target pole of the fuel cell;
the target extreme pressure acquisition device is used for acquiring the target extreme pressure of the fuel cell.
19. A control device of a fuel cell, characterized by comprising:
the parameter acquisition module is used for acquiring the current of the fuel cell and the target electrode gas concentration; the target electrode gas concentration is any concentration which enables the power generation performance of the fuel cell to reach a preset performance value and is smaller than the corrosion concentration of a proton exchange membrane in the fuel cell;
The metering ratio acquisition module is used for acquiring a target circulating gas metering ratio and an injection gas metering ratio of a target electrode corresponding to the current and the target electrode gas concentration from a preset mapping table; the target is the cathode and/or anode of the fuel cell;
the rotating speed determining module is used for determining the working rotating speed of the circulating pump of the target electrode according to the target circulating gas metering ratio and the injection gas metering ratio; the working speed of the circulating pump is used for compensating the circulating gas flow required by the target electrode of the fuel cell;
and the control module is used for controlling the fuel cell to work under the condition that the circulating pump runs at the working rotating speed.
20. A computer device comprising a memory and a processor, the memory storing a computer program, characterized in that the processor implements the steps of the method of any of claims 1 to 4 when the computer program is executed.
21. A computer readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, characterized in that the computer program, when being executed by a processor, implements the steps of the method of any of claims 1 to 4.
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