CN112803042A - Fuel cell automobile air inlet humidification quantity control method and system - Google Patents
Fuel cell automobile air inlet humidification quantity control method and system Download PDFInfo
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- CN112803042A CN112803042A CN202110106688.1A CN202110106688A CN112803042A CN 112803042 A CN112803042 A CN 112803042A CN 202110106688 A CN202110106688 A CN 202110106688A CN 112803042 A CN112803042 A CN 112803042A
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- temperature
- fuel cell
- humidification
- air
- galvanic pile
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/04119—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying
- H01M8/04126—Humidifying
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/043—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods
- H01M8/04302—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods applied during start-up
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/04492—Humidity; Ambient humidity; Water content
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Abstract
The invention discloses a fuel cell automobile air inlet humidification quantity control method, which comprises the following steps: (1) starting the fuel cell system, and if the fuel cell system is started at normal temperature, entering the step (2); if the cell is started at a low temperature, the humidifier does not humidify, and dry air is used for carrying out low-temperature startup blowing on the cell stack until the normal-temperature startup condition is reached; (2) calculating a humidification basic quantity and a humidification compensation quantity, adding the two quantities to obtain an actual intake air humidification quantity, comparing the actual intake air humidification quantity with the allowable maximum humidification quantity of the humidifier, obtaining the actual humidification quantity by taking the minimum amount, and controlling the humidifier; (3) judging whether the required power of the fuel cell is greater than 0 in real time, if so, circularly executing the steps (1) and (2) to automatically adjust the air inlet humidifying capacity; if not, the shutdown process is entered. The invention controls whether the galvanic pile needs to be humidified and the moisture content of the galvanic pile by identifying the ambient temperature, the air pile-entering temperature, the galvanic pile alternating current impedance and the accelerator pedal, so that the dry air is used for purging the galvanic pile without humidifying the air entering the galvanic pile under the working condition of low-temperature starting of the fuel cell galvanic pile, the purging time is short, and the fuel utilization rate is high.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to a fuel cell automobile control technology, and particularly relates to a fuel cell automobile air inlet humidification control technology.
Background
In the normal operation process of the fuel cell stack, the proton exchange membrane is in a water-immersed environment, protons are combined with oxygen ions from the anode to the cathode through the proton exchange membrane to generate water molecules, the electrochemical reaction is completed, and electric energy is generated. The water content of the proton exchange membrane has very important influence on the running state and the service life of the fuel cell stack, and the low water content of the proton exchange membrane not only influences the output characteristic of the stack, but also causes irreversible damage to the service life of the membrane.
The method for solving the problems in the prior art mainly adopts an external membrane humidifier for humidification, and the humidity required by the stack is ensured by depending on the humidity matching between the membrane humidifier and the fuel cell stack in the design stage. Although the humidity of local working conditions can be controlled by adding the bypass branch to the membrane humidifier, the diameter of a dry and wet air distribution pipeline is high in requirement, and the requirement that the humidity is flexible and controllable is difficult to achieve, so that the humidity of the air stack of the fuel cell system is finally controlled by adopting the method.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a fuel cell automobile air inlet humidification quantity control method and a system, which control whether a galvanic pile needs humidification and humidification quantity by identifying the ambient temperature, the air pile-entering temperature, the galvanic pile alternating current impedance and an accelerator pedal, so that the galvanic pile humidity is more stable, the damage to a proton exchange membrane is reduced, and the fuel utilization rate is improved.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme,
a method for controlling the air inlet humidification quantity of a fuel cell automobile comprises the following steps:
(1) starting a fuel cell system, judging whether the fuel cell system is started at normal temperature or at low temperature, and if the fuel cell system is started at normal temperature, entering the step (2); if the cell is started at a low temperature, the humidifier does not humidify, and dry air is used for carrying out low-temperature startup blowing on the cell stack until the normal-temperature startup condition is reached;
(2) calculating a humidification basic quantity and a humidification compensation quantity, adding the two quantities to obtain an actual intake air humidification quantity, comparing the actual intake air humidification quantity with the allowable maximum humidification quantity of the humidifier, obtaining the actual humidification quantity by taking the minimum amount, and controlling the humidifier;
(3) judging whether the required power of the fuel cell is greater than 0 in real time, if so, circularly executing the steps (1) and (2) to automatically adjust the air inlet humidifying capacity; if not, the shutdown process is entered.
Further, in the step (2), the humidification base quantity is calculated by a whole vehicle controller through a table look-up of the collected air reactor temperature and the reactor alternating current impedance.
The humidification compensation amount is obtained by looking up a table and calculating according to the power offset required by the driver, and the power offset required by the driver is obtained by looking up the table and calculating through the collected opening degree of the accelerator pedal by the whole vehicle control module.
Further, the method also comprises the step (4) of shutting down the process;
firstly, judging whether normal-temperature shutdown or low-temperature shutdown is selected, if the normal-temperature shutdown mode is selected, purging the galvanic pile to shut down the galvanic pile, and not humidifying the air entering the galvanic pile by a humidifier; if the shutdown is carried out at low temperature, the stack is blown and shut down, and the humidifier does not humidify stack-entering air; the purging time of low-temperature shutdown is 2-10 times of that of normal-temperature shutdown.
The invention also provides a control system for controlling the air inlet humidification quantity of the fuel cell automobile, which comprises,
the vehicle control unit comprises a storage unit and a processing unit, wherein the storage unit stores instructions used for enabling the processing unit to execute the air inlet humidification quantity control method of the fuel cell vehicle.
A temperature sensor: and collecting the ambient temperature, the galvanic pile temperature and the air inlet temperature, converting the ambient temperature, the galvanic pile temperature and the air inlet temperature into electric signals and outputting the electric signals to the vehicle control unit.
Accelerator pedal opening degree sensor: the opening degree of an accelerator pedal is collected and converted into an electric signal to be output to the vehicle control unit.
Pile AC impedance sensor: and acquiring the alternating current impedance value of the galvanic pile, obtaining the humidity of the galvanic pile through the corresponding relation between the alternating current impedance value and the humidity of the galvanic pile, and outputting the humidity to the vehicle control unit.
A humidifying atomizer: humidifying and cooling the high-pressure air.
A humidifying water pump: providing pressure to the humidification atomizer.
A water storage tank: collecting water discharged by the galvanic pile as a water source for humidifying the galvanic pile.
Fuel cell stack: carrying out electrochemical reaction and outputting electric energy.
The invention has the following advantages:
1. whether the galvanic pile needs to be humidified and the moisture content is controlled by identifying the ambient temperature, the air pile-entering temperature, the galvanic pile alternating current impedance and the accelerator pedal, so that the dry air is used for purging the galvanic pile without humidifying the pile-entering air under the working condition of low-temperature starting of the fuel cell galvanic pile, the purging time is short, and the fuel utilization rate is high.
2. The humidification quantity can be flexibly controlled, the humidification compensation quantity determined by an accelerator pedal is increased, the humidification quantity can be adjusted in advance, and the humidity of the galvanic pile is more stable.
3. The invention enables the high-temperature gas compressed by the high-speed rotation of the air compressor to be directly fed into the pile without an additional heating system. No preheating device is required, making the system simpler.
4. The invention adopts an active humidity control strategy, namely, high-temperature and large-flow dry air is directly introduced into the reactor to participate in the reaction at the initial stage of cold start, the humidity of the air entering the reactor is monitored in real time, and the humidity control is recovered at a proper time. The whole cold start initial stage promptly, the state of guaranteeing the galvanic pile is drier, waits suitable moment to resume galvanic pile humidity state, and large-traffic can guarantee that the water that the start stage produced is by timely blowing out the galvanic pile to guarantee that the cold start is successful, prevent that the secondary from freezing.
5. The method carries out real-time closed-loop correction on the air stacking humidity, so that the control is more accurate.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a system architecture.
Fig. 2 is a flow chart of a control method.
Fig. 3 is a more detailed control method flow diagram.
In figure 1, 1-vehicle controller, 2-accelerator pedal opening sensor, 3-ambient temperature sensor, 4-air filter, 5-air compressor, 6-humidifying atomizer and cavity, 7-air inlet temperature sensor, 8-electric pile temperature sensor, 9-electric pile AC impedance sensor, 10-humidifying water pump, 11-water storage tank, 12-air-water separator and 13-fuel cell electric pile.
Detailed Description
The method and system for humidifying the inlet air of the fuel cell automobile related to the invention are further explained in the following with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
The invention uses direct liquid water spraying method to spray the water into the high pressure gas, because the air is pressurized by the compressor and the temperature is increased, only the water is sprayed into the high pressure gas, and the water gasification humidification and air intake intercooling are completed.
As shown in fig. 1, a specific embodiment of an intake air humidification amount control system of a fuel cell vehicle, which shows only the air side of a fuel cell, comprises:
the vehicle control unit: the fuel cell automobile air inlet humidification quantity control method comprises a storage unit and a processing unit, wherein instructions are stored in the storage unit and used for enabling the processing unit to execute the fuel cell automobile air inlet humidification quantity control method. Specifically, it converts the ambient temperature sensor signal to ambient temperature; converting the signal of the accelerator pedal opening sensor into the opening of the accelerator pedal; converting the signal of the electric pile temperature sensor into electric pile temperature; converting the signal of the air inlet temperature sensor into the air inlet temperature; converting the signals of the galvanic pile alternating-current impedance sensor into galvanic pile humidity; and calculating the actual air inlet humidifying amount of the fuel cell system according to the opening degree of an accelerator pedal, the ambient temperature, the temperature of the galvanic pile, the air inlet temperature and the humidity of the galvanic pile.
A temperature sensor: and converting the ambient temperature, the temperature of the galvanic pile and the temperature of air entering the galvanic pile into electric signals.
Accelerator pedal opening degree sensor: the opening degree of the accelerator pedal is converted into an electric signal.
Pile AC impedance sensor: and acquiring the alternating current impedance value of the galvanic pile, and obtaining the humidity of the galvanic pile through the corresponding relation between the alternating current impedance value and the humidity of the galvanic pile.
An air cleaner: filtering impurities, dust and the like in the air.
An air compressor: high-pressure air is provided for the electric pile.
Humidification atomizer and chamber: humidifying and cooling the high-pressure air.
A humidifying water pump: providing pressure to the humidification atomizer.
An air-water separator: the water and the air at the air outlet of the electric pile are separated, the air is discharged, and the water is collected in a water storage tank and is used as a water source for humidifying the electric pile for recycling.
A water storage tank: collecting water discharged by the galvanic pile as a water source for humidifying the galvanic pile.
Fuel cell stack: carrying out electrochemical reaction and outputting electric energy.
Fig. 2 and 3 show an embodiment of the inlet air humidification control method of the fuel cell vehicle, which comprises the following detailed steps:
1. starting up: the fuel cell stack receives a starting-up instruction, the stack temperature is obtained through a stack temperature sensor, and if the stack temperature is more than 0 ℃, a normal-temperature starting-up mode is entered; if the temperature of the galvanic pile is less than or equal to 0 ℃, entering a low-temperature startup mode, humidifying the air entering the galvanic pile by the humidifier, and performing startup purging on the galvanic pile by using dry high-temperature air to achieve the purposes of quick thawing and temperature rise.
2. The driver demand power offset (e.g., 5kW increase) is calculated from a look-up table based on the accelerator pedal opening (e.g., 10% increase). And obtaining a humidification compensation value (the humidity of the air in the stack is reduced by 5%) according to the corresponding relation between the demand offset (for example, the increase is 5 kW) and the humidification compensation value (the corresponding humidity is reduced by 5%).
3. The stack humidity (for example, 45% humidity) is obtained according to the corresponding relation between the stack alternating-current impedance (for example, 50m omega) and the stack humidity (for example, 45% humidity), and then the inlet air humidification basic value (for example, 45% humidity) is obtained according to the corresponding relation between the stack humidity (for example, 45% humidity), the air inlet temperature (70 ℃) and the inlet air humidification basic value (for example, 45% humidity).
4. The base humidification amount (e.g., 45% humidity) and the compensation humidification amount (5% reduction of the air inlet stack humidity) are summed and then reduced with the maximum humidification amount (e.g., 100% humidity) permitted by the inlet air humidification device, so as to obtain the final actual inlet air humidification amount (e.g., 40% humidity).
5. It is determined whether the required power of the fuel cell is greater than 0. If yes, the steps 2,3 and 4 are cycled to automatically adjust the air inlet humidifying capacity; if not, the shutdown process is entered.
6. Shutdown process: obtaining the ambient temperature through an ambient temperature sensor, entering a normal-temperature shutdown mode if the ambient temperature is greater than 0 ℃, purging the galvanic pile, wherein the humidifier does not humidify air entering the galvanic pile, and compared with a scheme before optimization, the normal-temperature shutdown purging time can be obviously shortened, for example, the normal-temperature purging time can be shortened from 40s to 30 s; if the ambient temperature is less than or equal to 0 ℃, entering a low-temperature shutdown mode, purging the galvanic pile, wherein the humidifier does not humidify air entering the galvanic pile, so that the low-temperature shutdown purging time can be obviously shortened, for example, the low-temperature purging time can be shortened from 600s to 60 s.
It should be noted here that the relationship between the accelerator pedal opening, the offset of the power required by the driver, the humidification compensation amount, and the relationship between the galvanic pile ac impedance value, the galvanic pile humidity, the air inlet temperature, and the air inlet humidification basic value all need to be subjected to a large number of trial and error tests in advance to form a corresponding relationship table, and the corresponding relationship table is written into the vehicle controller to be used as the basis for table lookup calculation.
Claims (8)
1. A method for controlling the air inlet humidification quantity of a fuel cell automobile is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) starting a fuel cell system, judging whether the fuel cell system is started at normal temperature or at low temperature, and if the fuel cell system is started at normal temperature, entering the step (2); if the cell is started at a low temperature, the humidifier does not humidify, and dry air is used for carrying out low-temperature startup blowing on the cell stack until the normal-temperature startup condition is reached;
(2) calculating a humidification basic quantity and a humidification compensation quantity, adding the two quantities to obtain an actual intake air humidification quantity, comparing the actual intake air humidification quantity with the allowable maximum humidification quantity of the humidifier, obtaining the actual humidification quantity by taking the minimum amount, and controlling the humidifier;
(3) judging whether the required power of the fuel cell is greater than 0 in real time, if so, circularly executing the steps (1) and (2) to automatically adjust the air inlet humidifying capacity; if not, the shutdown process is entered.
2. The fuel cell vehicle intake humidification amount control method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the humidification base amount is calculated by a vehicle controller through a table lookup of the collected air inlet temperature and the electric pile alternating current impedance;
the humidification compensation amount is obtained by table look-up calculation according to the power offset required by the driver, and the power offset required by the driver is obtained by the table look-up calculation of the whole vehicle controller through the collected opening degree of the accelerator pedal.
3. The fuel cell vehicle intake air humidification amount control method as recited in claim 2, further comprising the steps of (4), a shutdown process;
firstly, judging whether normal-temperature shutdown or low-temperature shutdown is selected, if the normal-temperature shutdown mode is selected, purging the galvanic pile to shut down the galvanic pile, and not humidifying the air entering the galvanic pile by a humidifier; if the shutdown is carried out at low temperature, the stack is blown and shut down, and the humidifier does not humidify stack-entering air; the purging time of low-temperature shutdown is 2-10 times of that of normal-temperature shutdown.
4. The fuel cell vehicle intake air humidification amount control method according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein in the step (1), the judgment condition for starting up at normal temperature is that the ambient temperature is greater than 0 ℃; the judgment condition of the low-temperature start is that the environmental temperature is less than or equal to 0 ℃.
5. The fuel cell vehicle intake humidification amount control method according to claim 3, wherein in the step (1), the judgment condition for normal temperature shutdown is that the ambient temperature is greater than 0 ℃; the judgment condition of low-temperature shutdown is that the ambient temperature is less than or equal to 0 ℃.
6. The fuel cell vehicle intake air humidification amount control method as claimed in claim 3, wherein the dry air is a high temperature gas compressed by high speed rotation of an air compressor.
7. A control system for controlling the air inlet humidification quantity of a fuel cell automobile is characterized by comprising,
a vehicle control unit comprising a storage unit and a processing unit, the storage unit having instructions stored therein for enabling the processing unit to execute the fuel cell vehicle intake humidification amount control method according to any one of claims 1 to 6;
a temperature sensor: collecting the ambient temperature, the galvanic pile temperature and the air inlet temperature, converting the ambient temperature, the galvanic pile temperature and the air inlet temperature into electric signals and outputting the electric signals to the vehicle control unit;
accelerator pedal opening degree sensor: acquiring the opening degree of an accelerator pedal, converting the opening degree into an electric signal and outputting the electric signal to a vehicle control unit;
pile AC impedance sensor: acquiring an alternating current impedance value of the galvanic pile, obtaining the humidity of the galvanic pile through the corresponding relation between the alternating current impedance value and the humidity of the galvanic pile, and outputting the humidity to the vehicle control unit;
a humidifying atomizer: humidifying and cooling high-pressure air;
a humidifying water pump: providing pressure to a humidification vaporizer;
a water storage tank: collecting water discharged by the galvanic pile as a water source for humidifying the galvanic pile;
fuel cell stack: carrying out electrochemical reaction and outputting electric energy.
8. A machine-readable storage medium having stored thereon instructions for enabling a machine to execute the fuel cell automobile intake air humidification amount control method according to any one of claims 1 to 6.
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| CN114512692A (en) * | 2022-01-28 | 2022-05-17 | 上海捷氢科技股份有限公司 | Purging method of fuel cell, fuel cell system and fuel cell vehicle |
| CN114512692B (en) * | 2022-01-28 | 2024-04-26 | 上海捷氢科技股份有限公司 | Purging method of fuel cell, fuel cell system and fuel cell vehicle |
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