CN113629277B - Fuel cell system and shutdown purging method thereof - Google Patents
Fuel cell system and shutdown purging method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113629277B CN113629277B CN202110856011.XA CN202110856011A CN113629277B CN 113629277 B CN113629277 B CN 113629277B CN 202110856011 A CN202110856011 A CN 202110856011A CN 113629277 B CN113629277 B CN 113629277B
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- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
- H01M8/04228—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells during shut-down
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- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04029—Heat exchange using liquids
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- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04044—Purification of heat exchange media
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- H01M8/04291—Arrangements for managing water in solid electrolyte fuel cell systems
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- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/043—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods
- H01M8/04303—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods applied during shut-down
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Abstract
The invention relates to a fuel cell system and a shutdown purging method thereof, wherein the system comprises an electric pile, an air supply subsystem connected with the cathode of the electric pile, a hydrogen supply subsystem connected with the anode of the electric pile, a cooling circulation subsystem connected with the electric pile, a hydrogen/air mixing box respectively connected with the air supply subsystem and the hydrogen supply subsystem, and a controller used for controlling each subsystem, wherein the output end of the electric pile is connected with a driving motor through a DC/DC converter, and after the controller receives a shutdown command, the controller controls the electric propulsion temperature according to the cooling circulation subsystem and controls an actuator to correspondingly purge the interior of the electric pile in the shutdown process of the fuel cell system. The invention has the advantages of improving the cold start capability of the fuel cell stack at low temperature, effectively prolonging the service life of the fuel cell stack and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fuel cells, in particular to a fuel cell system and a shutdown purging method thereof.
Background
A pem fuel cell is a power generation device that directly converts the chemical energy of a fuel (e.g., hydrogen) into electrical energy. When the fuel and the oxidant are continuously supplied, the fuel cell can continuously output electric energy and heat energy. The novel energy-saving power generation device has the advantages of high power generation efficiency, low noise, quick dynamic response, zero emission and the like, is considered to be one of the cleanest and most efficient new energy power generation devices, and can be widely applied to automobile power systems.
The electrochemical reaction of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell generates electricity, heat and water, and after the proton exchange membrane fuel cell runs at normal temperature, the interior of the fuel cell is correspondingly purged to discharge redundant residual water and impurities in the interior. At low temperature, water generated by the fuel cell can freeze to cover membrane electrodes, reactant transmission is hindered, proton conductivity in the membrane is poor, and starting capability of the galvanic pile at low temperature is further influenced, so that residual water is purged and removed after shutdown, and further, the reduction of water content in the proton exchange membrane has important significance for low-temperature cold start of the fuel cell. The conventional purging method is to purge with high purity nitrogen after shutdown, which affects the low temperature start-up capability of the fuel cell and may involve moisture and impurities inside the stack, thereby affecting the life of the fuel cell. At present, the fuel cell is shut down and purged in multiple modes, for example, the chinese patent CN 103915642a adopts a nitrogen generator to purify N2 from air, the chinese patent CN111029620A additionally adds a nitrogen storage tank to store high-purity nitrogen at the cathode outlet of the stack, so as to purge and protect the stack after shutdown, but the volume of the fuel cell system for a vehicle is complex, the spatial layout is difficult, and the fuel cell system is not beneficial to practical utilization.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provide a fuel cell system and a shutdown purging method thereof, which can be used for shutting down and purging residual moisture and impurities in a stack at normal temperature to prolong the service life of the fuel cell, and aiming at low-temperature startup of the fuel cell, the purging capability is improved to enhance the low-temperature cold starting capability of the fuel cell, so that the damage of the low-temperature cold starting to the stack is reduced.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:
a fuel cell system comprises a galvanic pile, an air supply subsystem connected with the cathode of the galvanic pile, a hydrogen supply subsystem connected with the anode of the galvanic pile, a cooling circulation subsystem connected with the galvanic pile, a hydrogen/air mixing box respectively connected with the air supply subsystem and the hydrogen supply subsystem, and a controller used for controlling each subsystem, wherein the output end of the galvanic pile is connected with a driving motor through a DC/DC converter, and after the controller receives a shutdown command, the controller controls the temperature of the galvanic pile according to the cooling circulation subsystem and controls an actuator to correspondingly purge the interior of the galvanic pile in the shutdown process of the fuel cell system.
The air supply subsystem of the fuel cell system comprises an air filter, an air inlet pipeline of the air filter is sequentially connected with an air mass flow meter, an air compressor and an intercooler, an output pipeline of the intercooler is connected with a three-way valve, the other two ends of the three-way valve are respectively connected with an input pipeline of a humidifier and an output pipeline of the humidifier, an output pipeline of the humidifier is connected with a cathode inlet of the galvanic pile, and the humidifier is connected with a hydrogen/air mixing box through a back pressure valve.
Furthermore, a stack inlet stop valve and a stack inlet temperature and pressure integrated sensor are arranged on an output end pipeline of the humidifier in the air supply subsystem, and a stack outlet stop valve is arranged on an outlet pipeline of the electric stack.
The hydrogen supply subsystem of the fuel cell system comprises a high-pressure hydrogen tank, and a hydrogen inlet pipeline of the high-pressure hydrogen tank is connected to an anode inlet of the galvanic pile after being sequentially provided with an inlet pressure reducing valve, a hydrogen filter, a proportional valve and a hydrogen pressure sensor.
To the hydrogen supply subsystem side, the positive pole export of galvanic pile is equipped with a pipeline, and this pipeline is equipped with vapour and liquid separator, and a department connects the hydrogen circulating pump for circulating hydrogen increases the hydrogen utilization ratio, and another department connects hydrogen/empty mixing box through row hydrogen/water solenoid valve, and the condensate water and the impurity gas that vapour and liquid separator liquefaction are gone into in the hydrogen/empty mixing box through the tributary.
The cooling circulation subsystem of the fuel cell system comprises a circulating water pump, a deionization device, a radiator assembly, a thermostat, a PTC heater, a stop valve, a stack-in temperature and pressure integrated sensor and a stack-out temperature sensor.
The PTC heater in the fuel cell cooling circulation system not only plays a role of discharging resistance to consume electric energy in the shutdown stage, but also generates heat to heat the cooling liquid in the low-temperature starting stage. The PTC heater is connected in parallel with the stop valve. The deionization device and the PTC heater are connected in parallel in the cooling circulation loop, so that the ion concentration in the whole loop is reduced, and the long-time normal operation of the system is ensured. Under normal operation, the stop valve is opened, the PTC heater is bypassed to reduce loop resistance, and in the low-temperature starting stage, the PTC heater is controlled to generate heat to heat the cooling liquid, and the stop valve is closed.
A shutdown purging method of a fuel cell system comprises a normal-temperature shutdown purging step and a purging step aiming at low-temperature startup and shutdown of the fuel cell system, wherein the normal-temperature shutdown purging step specifically comprises the following steps:
1) after the controller receives a normal-temperature shutdown command of the system, preparing to execute an operation step aiming at the normal-temperature shutdown;
2) controlling the electric pile to output low current I 0 The power output by the electric pile provides electric energy for the air compressor and controls the flow m of the blower 0 And a hydrogen/water electromagnetic valve for periodically opening the hydrogen side at an opening frequency f 0 Performing normal-temperature shutdown purging on the fuel cell system, and setting the purging time as t 1 ；
3) Controlling the opening of a thermostat of a cooling circulation subsystem to enable cooling liquid to flow in a large circulation, enabling the cooling liquid to pass through a radiator assembly, and simultaneously starting a fan to cool the galvanic pile to reduce the temperature of the galvanic pile to a target temperature T 1 ；
4) When the temperature of the electric pile reaches T 1 Or the purge time reaches t 1 When the fuel cell system is completely stopped, the air inlet and outlet stop valve is closed, the PTC heater is connected, oxygen in the cathode is consumed, nitrogen is left, and the membrane electrode is protected;
5) the shutdown phase for normal temperature startup of the fuel cell system ends.
The low-temperature start-up and shutdown purging step specifically comprises the following steps:
1) when a fuel cell controller receives a shutdown command aiming at low-temperature startup of a fuel cell system, preparing to execute a corresponding shutdown operation step;
2) controlling the output current of the electric pile to be I 1 The output power supplies electric energy to the air compressor and the PTC heater, a three-way valve of an air inlet pipeline is controlled, so that the air passes through the humidifier completely, and the large flow m is opened 1 Purging the humidifier, discharging liquid water in the humidifier, and setting the purging time as t 2 (ii) a Maintaining the pressure difference between the anode and the cathode at delta P 1 Periodically opening the hydrogen/water electromagnetic valve at the hydrogen side with an opening frequency f 1 ；
3) Controlling the opening of a thermostat of the cooling circulation subsystem, closing an electromagnetic valve of a cooling loop, enabling cooling liquid to flow in a small circulation through a PTC heater, and keeping the temperature T of the electric pile at a higher temperature in the purging process 2 ；
4) Reaches the time t 2 Then, a three-way valve of the air inlet pipeline bypasses the humidifier to further reduce the current of the galvanic pile to I 2 Purging the interior of the fuel cell to keep the air flow rate m 2 And low humidity intake while maintainingThe stack being at a higher temperature T 2 Correspondingly purging the inside of the galvanic pile, draining water, drying and purging the humidifier by cathode exhaust gas, and keeping the pressure difference between the anode and the cathode to be delta P 2 Periodically opening the hydrogen/water solenoid valve at a frequency f 2 Detecting the voltage of the single cell of the fuel cell by a single cell voltage inspection mode, and reducing V when the average single cell voltage is reduced 1 When the temperature is higher than the set temperature, stopping purging, and stopping heating the cooling circulation by the PTC heater;
5) controlling the opening of the thermostat, enabling the cooling liquid to flow in a large circulation, passing through the radiator assembly, simultaneously starting the fan to cool the galvanic pile, and reducing the temperature of the galvanic pile to a target temperature T 1 ；
6) The air inlet and outlet stop valve is closed, the PTC heater is connected, oxygen in the cathode is consumed, nitrogen is left, and the membrane electrode is protected;
7) and finishing the low-temperature starting, stopping and purging of the fuel cell.
For the shutdown purge method of the above fuel cell system, I 1 >I 2 >I 0 Air intake flow rate m 1 >m 2 >m 0 Opening frequency f of hydrogen discharge solenoid valve 2 >f 1 >f 0 While being Δ P 2 >ΔP 1 Target temperature T 1 At room temperature, temperature T 2 Is the normal operation temperature of the electric pile. I is 1 ,I 2 ,I 0 ,m 1 ,m 2 ,m 0 ,f 2 ,f 1 ,f 0 ,ΔP 2 ,ΔP 1 ,t 1 ,t 2 And V 1 Are all experimental calibration values.
Further, the target temperature T 1 At room temperature, about 25 ℃. Temperature T 2 Is the normal operation temperature of the electric pile.
Compared with the prior art, the fuel cell system and the shutdown purging method thereof provided by the invention at least have the following beneficial effects:
the fuel cell stack is shut down and purged aiming at different situations without providing an additional gas storage bottle device or increasing the complexity of system arrangement, so that the residual moisture and impurities in the stack are purged by normal-temperature shutdown, the service life of the fuel cell is prolonged, and the purging capability is improved to enhance the low-temperature cold start capability of the fuel cell.
The controller can control the execution of each actuator according to the temperature of the cooling liquid detected by the cooling liquid temperature sensor and the output performance of the galvanic pile so as to ensure the normal operation of the galvanic pile; the inlet and outlet of the cathode are respectively provided with a stop valve, so that the protection of the fuel cell system after shutdown can be enhanced, and the normal operation of the fuel cell can not be influenced.
And thirdly, circulating unconsumed hydrogen by using a hydrogen circulating pump, reducing the loss of the hydrogen, and periodically controlling a water discharge/gas electromagnetic valve to discharge condensed water and impurity gas of the gas-liquid separator. After the purging strategy is stopped, the inside of the fuel cell is purged, the residual water of the fuel cell stack is less, and system parts are correspondingly purged, so that the risk of freezing the system parts is reduced, gas supply and next starting are facilitated, the cold starting capability of the fuel cell stack at low temperature is improved, and the service life of the fuel cell stack is effectively prolonged.
And fourthly, in the shutdown process, the PTC heater is connected by closing the air inlet and outlet stop valve, so that oxygen in the cathode can be consumed, nitrogen is left, and the membrane electrode of the fuel cell is protected.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the construction of a fuel cell system according to the present invention in an embodiment;
FIG. 2 is a schematic flow chart of a normal-temperature shutdown purging method for a fuel cell system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a shutdown purge flow for a low temperature start-up of a fuel cell system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
the reference numbers in the figures indicate:
a hydrogen supply subsystem:
1. a high-pressure hydrogen tank; 2. an inlet relief valve; 3. a hydrogen filter; 4. a hydrogen pressure sensor; 5. a proportional valve; 6. a hydrogen circulation pump; 7. an anode inlet pressure sensor; 8. a gas-liquid separator; 9. a hydrogen/water solenoid valve;
the air supply subsystem:
A. an air filter; B. an air mass flow meter; C. an air compressor; D. an intercooler; E. a three-way valve; F. a humidifier; G. a pile-in stop valve; H. a reactor temperature and pressure integrated sensor; I. a stack outlet stop valve; J. a back pressure valve;
a cooling circulation subsystem:
a heat sink assembly (including a heat sink and a fan); beta. thermostat; gamma. a stop valve; omega, circulating water pump; mu.PTC heaters; theta, entering a reactor temperature and pressure integrated sensor; v. a deionization device; zeta, a reactor-out temperature sensor;
and (3) the other:
i, a hydrogen/air mixing box; II, galvanic pile; a DC/DC converter; IV, a storage battery; v, driving the motor.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the figures and specific embodiments. It is to be understood that the embodiments described are only a few embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.
Examples
As shown in fig. 1, the present invention relates to a fuel cell system including an air supply subsystem, a hydrogen supply subsystem, a cooling circulation subsystem, a stack (with CVM (cell voltage inspection)) ii, a hydrogen/air mixing box i, a DC/DC converter iii, a storage battery iv, a drive motor v, and a controller (not shown in the drawings). The air supply subsystem, the hydrogen supply subsystem and the cooling circulation subsystem are respectively connected with the galvanic pile II, the output end of the galvanic pile II is connected with the driving motor V through the DC/DC converter III, and a storage battery IV is further connected between the DC/DC converter III and the driving motor V. The electricity generated by the electric pile II is used for providing energy for the driving motor V together with the storage battery through the DC/DC converter III.
The air supply subsystem comprises an air filter A, an air mass flow meter B, an air compressor C, an intercooler D, a three-way valve E, a humidifier F, an inlet pile temperature and pressure integrated sensor H, a back pressure valve J, an inlet pile stop valve G and an outlet pile stop valve I.
Air filter A's air inlet pipeline and air mass flow meter B, air compressor C, intercooler D connects gradually, air compressor C is used for providing the air mass flow for the pile, intercooler D can reduce the temperature of air compressor machine export, prevent into the air temperature of pile too high, produce the damage to the pile, intercooler D's output tube coupling has three-way valve E, humidifier F's input pipeline and humidifier F's output pipeline are connected respectively to three-way valve E's other both ends. The output end pipeline of the humidifier F is connected with the cathode inlet of the galvanic pile II, the pile-entering stop valve G and the pile-entering temperature and pressure integrated sensor H are arranged on the output end pipeline of the humidifier F, and the pile-entering temperature and pressure integrated sensor H is used for detecting the pile-entering temperature and pressure of the cathode, so that the damage of air to the galvanic pile is prevented. The humidifier F is connected with the hydrogen/air mixing box I through a back pressure valve J. Through setting up three-way valve E in the middle of intercooler D of air supply subsystem and humidifier F, the humidity of admitting air of galvanic pile II under the normal atmospheric temperature operation can be effectively controlled, prevents the inside flooding and the membrane of galvanic pile II from doing, guarantees the normal operating of galvanic pile II. The cathode outlet is connected with a humidifier F, and the cathode outlet is provided with a stack outlet stop valve I. The inlet and outlet of the cathode are respectively provided with a stop valve, so that the protection of the fuel cell stack membrane electrode after shutdown can be enhanced.
The hydrogen supply subsystem comprises a high-pressure hydrogen tank 1, a pressure reducing valve 2, a hydrogen filter 3, a hydrogen pressure sensor 4, a proportional valve 5, a hydrogen circulating pump 6, an anode inlet pressure sensor 7, a gas-liquid separator 8 and a hydrogen/water discharge electromagnetic valve 9.
The hydrogen inlet pipeline of the high-pressure hydrogen tank 1 is connected to the anode inlet of the galvanic pile II after sequentially passing through the pipelines provided with the pressure reducing valve 2, the hydrogen filter 3, the hydrogen pressure sensor 4 and the proportional valve 5, and the anode inlet pressure sensor 7 is arranged at the connection position. The anode outlet pipeline of the electric pile II is provided with a gas-liquid separator 8, the gas-liquid separator 8 is provided with a hydrogen/water electromagnetic valve 9, the gas-liquid separator 8 is divided for the pipeline, one part is connected with a hydrogen circulating pump 6, and the other part is connected with a hydrogen/air mixing box I through the hydrogen/water electromagnetic valve 9. The hydrogen circulation pump 6 is used to circulate unconsumed hydrogen and reduce the loss of hydrogen, and further, periodically controls the drain/gas solenoid valve 9 to discharge condensed water and impurity gas of the gas-liquid separator 8.
The cooling circulation subsystem comprises a circulating water pump omega, a deionization device upsilon, a radiator assembly alpha (a radiator and a fan), a thermostat beta, a PTC heater mu, a stop valve gamma, a reactor inlet temperature and pressure integrated sensor theta and a reactor outlet temperature sensor zeta.
The cooling circulation subsystem and the air and hydrogen supply subsystem together provide proper operation conditions for the fuel cell, a PTC heater mu is arranged in the system, the PTC heater mu is connected with the stop valve gamma in parallel, and under normal operation, the stop valve gamma is opened to bypass the PTC heater mu, so that the loop resistance is reduced. The PTC heater μ functions to consume electric power by the discharge resistor during the shutdown phase, and also functions to generate heat by the PTC to heat the coolant (close the stop valve γ) during the low-temperature start phase, thereby accelerating the temperature rise rate of the fuel cell at low temperature. The deionization device upsilon and the PTC heater are connected in parallel in a cooling loop (the cooling loop is that the outlet of a galvanic pile II is provided with a pile outlet temperature sensor zeta which is connected with a circulating water pump omega, one end of a thermostat beta is connected with a stop valve gamma through a pipeline, the other end of the thermostat beta is connected with a radiator assembly alpha through a pipeline to form small/large circulation of the cooling loop, and then the small/large circulation is connected with a pile inlet temperature and pressure integrated sensor theta through a pipeline to ensure normal operation of the galvanic pile by controlling the temperature of cooling liquid in the cooling loop), the ion concentration in the whole loop is reduced, and the long-time normal operation of the system is ensured. The circulating pump omega is used for circulating the cooling liquid of the whole circulating loop and takes away the heat generated by the galvanic pile under the normal temperature operation. The thermostat beta is used for controlling the size circulation of the cooling liquid flowing through and maintaining the temperature of the electric pile through the radiator assembly alpha. The reactor entering temperature and pressure integrated sensor theta and the reactor exiting temperature sensor zeta are used for measuring the temperature of cooling liquid entering and exiting the reactor and the pressure of entering the reactor, and the normal operation of the galvanic pile is ensured.
While the liquid water discharged along with the hydrogen discharge electromagnetic valve 9 may contain part of tail discharge hydrogen, the air tail discharge waste gas and the hydrogen tail discharge waste gas flow are fully mixed in the hydrogen/air mixing box I to ensure that the hydrogen concentration is lower than 4 percent and is further discharged to the atmosphere within a safe range.
The sensor in the fuel cell system and each actuator in the system are all connected with the controller of the fuel cell system, the controller is connected with an air compressor, a three-way valve, a back pressure valve, all stop valves, a radiator assembly, a thermostat, a PTC heater, a proportional valve, a hydrogen circulating pump of the fuel cell system and a circulating water pump connected with a cooling liquid circulating system, and the controller controls the execution of each actuator in a feedback mode according to the output performance of the temperature sensor, the pressure sensor, the flow sensor and the electric pile, so that the normal operation of the electric pile is guaranteed.
The shutdown purging method adopting the fuel cell system comprises normal-temperature shutdown purging and a shutdown purging method aiming at low-temperature starting of the fuel cell.
The normal-temperature shutdown strategy of the fuel cell system comprises the following steps:
1. after the controller receives a normal-temperature shutdown command of the system, preparing to execute an operation step aiming at the normal-temperature shutdown;
2. controlling the output of the pile to be low current I 0 The power output by the electric pile provides electric energy for the air compressor and controls the air inlet flow m of the air compressor of the blower 0 And a hydrogen/water electromagnetic valve for periodically opening the hydrogen side at an opening frequency f 0 Performing normal-temperature shutdown purging on the fuel cell system, and setting the purging time as t 1 ；
3. Controlling the opening of a thermostat of a cooling circulation subsystem to enable cooling liquid to flow in a large circulation, enabling the cooling liquid to pass through a radiator assembly, simultaneously starting a fan of the radiator assembly to cool the galvanic pile, and reducing the temperature of the galvanic pile to a target temperature T 1 ；
4. When the temperature of the electric pile reaches T 1 Or the purge time reaches t 1 When the fuel cell system is completely stopped, the air inlet and outlet stop valve is closed, the PTC heater is connected, oxygen in the cathode is consumed, nitrogen is left, and the membrane electrode is protected;
5. the shutdown phase for normal temperature startup of the fuel cell system ends.
The low-temperature shutdown strategy of the fuel cell system further comprises a purging strategy for further reducing the water content in the membrane and preventing the icing of system parts before the normal-temperature purging strategy, and the shutdown purging step comprises the following steps:
1. and when the fuel cell controller receives a shutdown command aiming at the low-temperature startup of the system, preparing to execute a corresponding shutdown operation step.
2. Controlling the output current of the electric pile to be I 1 The output power supplies electric energy to the air compressor and the PTC heater, a three-way valve for controlling the air inlet pipeline leads the air to pass through the humidifier, and the large flow m is opened 1 Purging the humidifier, discharging liquid water in the humidifier, and setting the purging time as t 2 (ii) a Maintaining the pressure difference between the anode and the cathode at delta P 1 Periodically opening the hydrogen/water electromagnetic valve at the hydrogen side with an opening frequency f 1 。
3. Controlling the opening of a thermostat of the cooling circulation subsystem, closing an electromagnetic valve of a cooling loop, allowing cooling liquid to flow in a small circulation through a PTC heater, and keeping the temperature T of the galvanic pile at a higher temperature in the purging process 2 ；
4. Reaches the time t 2 Then, the three-way valve of the air inlet pipeline bypasses the humidifier, and the current of the galvanic pile is further reduced to I 2 Purging the interior of the fuel cell to keep the air flow rate m 2 And low humidity inlet air while keeping the stack at a higher temperature T 2 Correspondingly purging the inside of the galvanic pile, draining, drying and purging the humidifier by cathode exhaust, preventing the membrane from being blown too dry by low current, and keeping the pressure difference between the anode and the cathode to be delta P 2 Periodically opening the hydrogen/water electromagnetic valve at the hydrogen side with an opening frequency f 2 The cell voltage of the fuel cell is detected by the CVM (cell voltage inspection) of the stack itself, and when the average cell voltage is lowered by V 1 When the temperature is higher than the preset temperature, stopping purging, and stopping heating the cooling circulation by the PTC heater;
5. controlling the opening of the thermostat, enabling the cooling liquid to flow in a large circulation, passing through the radiator assembly, simultaneously starting the fan to cool the galvanic pile, and reducing the temperature of the galvanic pile to a target temperature T 1 ；
6. The air inlet and outlet stop valve is closed, the PTC heater is connected, oxygen in the cathode is consumed, nitrogen is left, and the membrane electrode is protected;
7. and finishing the low-temperature starting, stopping and purging of the fuel cell.
To ensure the normal operation of the purge, the control current I of the purge phase 1 >I 2 >I 0 Air intake flow rate m 1 >m 2 >m 0 Opening frequency f of hydrogen discharge solenoid valve 2 >f 1 >f 0 While being Δ P 2 >ΔP 1 And the moisture in the hydrogen discharge electromagnetic valve is fully blown and discharged.
Target temperature T 1 At ordinary room temperature, about 25 ℃. Temperature T 2 Is the normal operation temperature of the electric pile.
The parameter I 1 ,I 2 ,I 0 ,m 1 ,m 2 ,m 0 ,f 2 ,f 1 ,f 0 ,ΔP 2 ,ΔP 1 T1, t2 and V 1 Are all experimental calibration values.
After the inside of the fuel cell is purged by stopping the engine, the purged stack has low residual water content, reduces the influence of the internal residual water on the fuel cell, prolongs the service life of the fuel cell, and prepares for the next start, particularly low-temperature cold start.
While the invention has been described with reference to specific embodiments, the invention is not limited thereto, and those skilled in the art can easily conceive of various equivalent modifications or substitutions within the technical scope of the invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (9)
1. The shutdown purging method of the fuel cell system is characterized by comprising a normal-temperature shutdown purging step and a purging step aiming at low-temperature startup and shutdown of the fuel cell system, wherein the normal-temperature shutdown purging step specifically comprises the following steps:
1) after the controller receives a normal-temperature shutdown command of the system, preparing to execute an operation step aiming at the normal-temperature shutdown;
2) controlling the electric pile to output low current I 0 The power output by the electric pile provides electric energy for the air compressor and controls the flow m of the blower 0 And a hydrogen/water electromagnetic valve for periodically opening the hydrogen side at an opening frequency f 0 Performing normal-temperature shutdown purging on the fuel cell system, and setting the purging time as t 1 ；
3) Controlling the opening of a thermostat of a cooling circulation subsystem to enable cooling liquid to flow in a large circulation, passing through a radiator assembly, simultaneously starting a fan to cool the galvanic pile, and reducing the temperature of the galvanic pile to a target temperature T 1 ；
4) When the temperature of the galvanic pile reaches T 1 Or the purge time reaches t 1 When the fuel cell system is completely stopped, the air inlet and outlet stop valve is closed, the PTC heater is connected, oxygen in the cathode is consumed, nitrogen is left, and the membrane electrode is protected;
5) ending the shutdown phase aiming at the normal-temperature starting of the fuel cell system;
the fuel cell system comprises a galvanic pile, an air supply subsystem connected with the cathode of the galvanic pile, a hydrogen supply subsystem connected with the anode of the galvanic pile, a cooling circulation subsystem connected with the galvanic pile, a hydrogen/air mixing box respectively connected with the air supply subsystem and the hydrogen supply subsystem, and a controller used for controlling each subsystem, wherein the output end of the galvanic pile is connected with a driving motor through a DC/DC converter, and after the controller receives a shutdown command, the controller controls the temperature of the galvanic pile according to the cooling circulation subsystem and controls an actuator to correspondingly purge the interior of the galvanic pile in the shutdown process of the fuel cell system.
2. The shutdown purge method for a fuel cell system according to claim 1, wherein the low-temperature start-up shutdown purge step specifically includes the steps of:
1) when a fuel cell controller receives a shutdown command aiming at low-temperature startup of a fuel cell system, preparing to execute a corresponding shutdown operation step;
2) controlling the output current of the electric pile to be I 1 The output power supplies electric energy to the air compressor and the PTC heater to control the tee joint of the air inlet pipelineThe valve makes the air pass through the humidifier completely, and opens a large flow m 1 Purging the humidifier, discharging liquid water in the humidifier, and setting the purging time as t 2 (ii) a Maintaining the pressure difference between the anode and the cathode at delta P 1 Periodically opening the hydrogen/water electromagnetic valve on the hydrogen side at an opening frequency f 1 ；
3) Controlling the opening of a thermostat of the cooling circulation subsystem, closing an electromagnetic valve of a cooling loop, enabling cooling liquid to flow in a small circulation through a PTC heater, and keeping the temperature T of the electric pile in the purging process 2 ；
4) Reaches the time t 2 Then, a three-way valve of the air inlet pipeline bypasses the humidifier to further reduce the current of the galvanic pile to I 2 Purging the interior of the fuel cell to keep the air flow rate m 2 And low humidity inlet air while keeping the stack at temperature T 2 Correspondingly purging the inside of the galvanic pile, draining water, drying and purging the humidifier by cathode exhaust gas, and keeping the pressure difference between the anode and the cathode to be delta P 2 Periodically opening the hydrogen/water solenoid valve at a frequency f 2 Detecting the voltage of the single cell of the fuel cell by a single cell voltage inspection mode, and reducing V when the average single cell voltage is reduced 1 When the temperature is higher than the set temperature, stopping purging, and stopping heating the cooling circulation by the PTC heater;
5) controlling the opening of the thermostat, enabling the cooling liquid to flow in a large circulation, passing through the radiator assembly, simultaneously starting the fan to cool the galvanic pile, and reducing the temperature of the galvanic pile to a target temperature T 1 ；
6) The air inlet and outlet stop valve is closed, the PTC heater is connected, oxygen in the cathode is consumed, nitrogen is left, and the membrane electrode is protected;
7) and finishing the low-temperature starting, stopping and purging of the fuel cell.
3. The shut down purge method of a fuel cell system as claimed in claim 2, wherein I 1 >I 2 >I 0 Air intake flow rate m 1 >m 2 >m 0 Opening frequency f of hydrogen discharge solenoid valve 2 >f 1 >f 0 While being Δ P 2 >ΔP 1 Target temperature T 1 At room temperature, temperature T 2 Is the normal operation temperature of the electric pile.
4. The shutdown purging method of the fuel cell system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the air supply subsystem comprises an air filter, an air inlet pipeline of the air filter is connected with an air mass flow meter, an air compressor and an intercooler in sequence, an output pipeline of the intercooler is connected with a three-way valve, the other two ends of the three-way valve are respectively connected with an input pipeline of a humidifier and an output pipeline of the humidifier, the output pipeline of the humidifier is connected with a cathode inlet of the electric pile, and the humidifier is connected with a hydrogen/air mixing tank through a back pressure valve.
5. A shutdown purging method for a fuel cell system according to claim 4, wherein a stack inlet shutoff valve and a stack inlet temperature and pressure integrated sensor are arranged on an output end pipeline of the humidifier, and a stack outlet shutoff valve is arranged on an outlet pipeline of the electric stack.
6. The shutdown purging method of the fuel cell system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the hydrogen supply subsystem comprises a high-pressure hydrogen tank, and a hydrogen inlet pipeline of the high-pressure hydrogen tank is connected to an anode inlet of the electric pile after being sequentially provided with an inlet pressure reducing valve, a hydrogen filter, a proportional valve and a hydrogen pressure sensor.
7. The shutdown purge method of a fuel cell system according to claim 6, wherein the anode outlet of the stack is provided with a pipe provided with a gas-liquid separator, one of which is connected to a hydrogen circulation pump for circulating hydrogen gas and the other of which is connected to the hydrogen/air mixing tank through a hydrogen/water electromagnetic valve, and condensed water and impurity gas liquefied by the gas-liquid separator are discharged into the hydrogen/air mixing tank through a branch flow.
8. The shutdown purge method of a fuel cell system according to claim 1, wherein the cooling circulation sub-system comprises a circulation water pump, a deionization apparatus, a radiator assembly, a thermostat, a PTC heater, a shutoff valve, a stack-in temperature and pressure integrated sensor, and a stack-out temperature sensor.
9. The shutdown purge method of a fuel cell system as claimed in claim 8, wherein the PTC heater is connected in parallel with the stop valve, the deionization unit is connected in parallel with the PTC heater in the cooling circuit, the stop valve is opened to bypass the PTC heater to reduce the resistance of the circuit during normal operation, and the PTC heater is controlled to generate heat to heat the coolant and the stop valve is closed during the low temperature start-up period.
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| CN114050295B (en) * | 2021-11-11 | 2022-04-29 | 金华氢途科技有限公司 | Quick low-temperature shutdown method for fuel cell engine |
| CN114394003A (en) * | 2022-01-11 | 2022-04-26 | 武汉理工大学 | Control system suitable for power off of hydrogen fuel commercial vehicle and use method |
| CN114335604A (en) * | 2022-01-20 | 2022-04-12 | 上海恒劲动力科技有限公司 | Water-cooling fuel cell system in low-temperature environment |
| CN114361532B (en) * | 2022-03-15 | 2022-05-31 | 北京亿华通科技股份有限公司 | Vehicle liquid hydrogen fuel cell engine device |
| CN114744245A (en) * | 2022-03-17 | 2022-07-12 | 北京国家新能源汽车技术创新中心有限公司 | Modularized fuel cell system and vehicle |
| CN114614048A (en) * | 2022-03-18 | 2022-06-10 | 苏州溯驭技术有限公司 | Hydrogen fuel cell purging system and anode fluctuating hydrogen pressure purging method thereof |
| CN115051000B (en) * | 2022-07-07 | 2024-02-27 | 玉柴芯蓝新能源动力科技有限公司 | Fuel cell system and method for judging hydrogen-oxygen interface state before starting |
| CN115050999B (en) * | 2022-07-07 | 2024-02-27 | 玉柴芯蓝新能源动力科技有限公司 | Fuel cell system and low temperature shutdown process thereof |
| CN115763893A (en) * | 2022-11-15 | 2023-03-07 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Underwater fuel cell power system based on hydrogen-air electric pile |
| CN115799571A (en) * | 2023-02-03 | 2023-03-14 | 深圳市氢蓝时代动力科技有限公司 | Fuel cell system and purging method thereof |
| CN116666689B (en) * | 2023-08-01 | 2023-12-08 | 山东美燃氢动力有限公司 | Low-temperature cold start control method of fuel cell system and fuel cell system |
| CN117352777B (en) * | 2023-12-05 | 2024-03-05 | 大连擎研科技有限公司 | Fuel cell system and low-temperature starting method thereof |
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| CN102522582B (en) * | 2011-12-28 | 2014-06-18 | 新源动力股份有限公司 | Shutdown purging system and purging method for vehicle-mounted fuel cell power generation system |
| CN110911712B (en) * | 2018-09-18 | 2021-11-02 | 上海恒劲动力科技有限公司 | Fuel cell system and method for purging and draining water during shutdown and startup of fuel cell system |
| CN111029620B (en) * | 2019-11-29 | 2021-02-02 | 同济大学 | Fuel cell system with tail discharge nitrogen collecting device and shutdown purging method |
| CN111952636A (en) * | 2020-08-05 | 2020-11-17 | 河南豫氢动力有限公司 | Low-temperature shutdown purging method for vehicle fuel cell system |
| CN112582648A (en) * | 2020-12-29 | 2021-03-30 | 浙江高成绿能科技有限公司 | Low-temperature purging system and purging method for liquid-cooled fuel cell system |
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