CN111952636A - Low-temperature shutdown purging method for vehicle fuel cell system - Google Patents
Low-temperature shutdown purging method for vehicle fuel cell system Download PDFInfo
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- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 100
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 81
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 81
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 70
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 206010037544 Purging Diseases 0.000 description 63
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 5
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000110 cooling liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010060904 Freezing phenomenon Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/04119—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying
- H01M8/04156—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying with product water removal
- H01M8/04179—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying with product water removal by purging or increasing flow or pressure of reactants
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
- H01M8/04228—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells during shut-down
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
- H01M8/04253—Means for solving freezing problems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/043—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods
- H01M8/04303—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods applied during shut-down
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
- H01M2250/20—Fuel cells in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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Abstract
The invention provides a low-temperature shutdown purging method for a vehicle fuel cell system, which comprises the following steps: after receiving a low-temperature shutdown command, reducing the current of the galvanic pile to I1, and entering a first-stage purging process; when the total voltage of the electric pile is less than or equal to U1, or the purging duration reaches T5, or the voltage of the single body is less than or equal to U3, entering the second stage purging process; setting the current of the galvanic pile and the rotating speed of the air compressor to be 0, and setting the hydrogen pressure to be P2; stopping PTC heating, and closing the hydrogen exhaust valve; setting a discharge current I2 to carry out active discharge; when the total voltage of the galvanic pile is less than U4 or the lowest monomer voltage is less than U5, the current of the galvanic pile is set to be equal to 0, and the active discharge is finished; and (5) supplementing hydrogen, and ending the low-temperature shutdown purging program. The invention can quickly blow liquid water in the galvanic pile and the auxiliary component out of the system, reduce the humidity in the system, and prevent the icing phenomenon in the galvanic pile and the auxiliary component during low-temperature storage, which causes performance degradation and hinders the next low-temperature start.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fuel cell systems, in particular to a low-temperature shutdown purging method for an automotive fuel cell system.
Background
The application scene of the vehicle fuel cell system is always lower than the subzero temperature, how the fuel cell system quickly sweeps at the subzero low temperature after shutdown, water generated in the reaction during the operation of the previous stage is discharged out of the electric pile, ice slag generated in a membrane electrode and a bipolar plate flow channel inside the electric pile is prevented from filling a gap in a porous medium and damaging a diffusion layer structure, oxygen transmission during restarting is blocked, normal restarting of the electric pile and the system is ensured, and the fuel cell system is the key point of research of various colleges and universities and enterprises.
When the low-temperature purge is performed, the fuel cell system for a vehicle needs to pay attention to four points. First, during purging, the stack needs to be maintained at a higher temperature to ensure rapid evaporation of liquid moisture from the inner membrane electrode surfaces, carbon paper surfaces, and bipolar plates. Secondly, the purging time is short, and as a fuel cell system for a vehicle, the subjective intention of personnel after the vehicle is shut down is to expect that the vehicle is shut down as soon as possible. And thirdly, the low-temperature purging process needs to maintain the service life of the galvanic pile and avoid high potential as much as possible. Finally, the auxiliary components with water vapor in the fuel cell system, such as a hydrogen circulating pump, a hydrogen discharge valve, an air back pressure valve and the like, need to remove the accumulation of liquid water in the process of purging again, and avoid the situation that the auxiliary components can not be opened or can be opened for a long time due to freezing when restarting.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides a low-temperature shutdown purging method for a vehicle fuel cell system, which aims to solve the problems in the prior art, rapidly blow out liquid water in a stack and auxiliary components out of the system, reduce the humidity inside the system, and prevent the icing phenomenon occurring in the low-temperature storage of the stack and the auxiliary components, which causes performance degradation and hinders the next low-temperature startup.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a low-temperature shutdown purging method for a vehicle fuel cell system, which comprises the following steps:
step 1, after receiving a low-temperature shutdown command, reducing the current of the galvanic pile to I1, and entering a first-stage purging process;
step 2, when the total voltage of the galvanic pile is less than or equal to U1, or the purging duration reaches T5, or the voltage of the monomer is less than or equal to U3, entering the second stage purging process;
step 3, setting the current of the galvanic pile and the rotating speed of the air compressor to be 0, and setting the hydrogen pressure to be P2; stopping PTC heating, and closing the hydrogen exhaust valve;
step 4, setting a discharge current I2, and carrying out active discharge; simultaneously closing an air inlet throttle valve and a back pressure throttle valve of the electric pile;
step 5, when the total voltage of the galvanic pile is less than U4 or the lowest monomer voltage is less than U5, setting the current of the galvanic pile equal to 0, disconnecting a bus relay of the galvanic pile, setting the rotating speed of a water pump equal to 0, and finishing active discharge;
and 6, hydrogen supplement is carried out, when the hydrogen supplement duration reaches T9, low-pressure hydrogen supply is closed, and meanwhile the low-temperature shutdown purging procedure is ended.
Preferably, the first stage purge process comprises:
setting the opening A% of a back pressure throttle valve, setting the rotating speed R1 of an air compressor, setting the pressure P1 of hydrogen, setting the rotating speed R2 of a hydrogen circulating pump, setting the opening and closing time T1 and T2 of a hydrogen discharge valve, setting the rotating and stopping time lengths of a water pump to be T3 and T4, setting the rotating speed of the water pump to be the lowest value, and setting the PTC heating power to be the maximum value; an open stack purge is then performed.
Preferably, the second stage purge process comprises:
when the total voltage of the galvanic pile is less than or equal to U1 or the duration reaches T5, setting the rotating speed of the hydrogen circulating pump to be 0, reducing the current of the galvanic pile to be 0, and performing open-circuit purging on the galvanic pile; when the purging duration reaches T6 or the total voltage of the galvanic pile is less than or equal to U2, the purging is finished;
when the voltage of the single body is less than or equal to U3 and the duration time is more than or equal to T7, setting the rotating speed of the hydrogen circulating pump to be 0, reducing the current of the galvanic pile to be 0, and performing open-circuit purging on the galvanic pile; when the purge duration reaches T8, the purge ends.
Preferably, the hydrogen pressure P2 ≦ P1.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
after receiving a low-temperature shutdown command, the fuel cell system waits for the current of the electric pile to be reduced to a specific value, and purges by improving the pressure of air and hydrogen, increasing the air flow of a cathode, increasing the water drainage frequency of an anode and maintaining the higher water temperature of the electric pile. Meanwhile, in the on-load purging process, in the first-stage purging process, the hydrogen circulating pump rotates; in the second stage of the purging process, the hydrogen circulating pump stops rotating, so that the low-temperature freezing phenomenon of the hydrogen circulating pump can be improved. Meanwhile, if the single-low phenomenon occurs in the purging process, open-circuit purging is performed at the supplement time interval. And the purging duration is standard according to a calibration value or a voltage value of the galvanic pile under a specific current, discharging and hydrogen supplementing operations are performed after purging is finished, and the discharging duration is judged according to the total voltage or the monomer voltage of the galvanic pile, so that the normal starting at the next low temperature is ensured.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a method for purging a vehicle fuel cell system during a low temperature shutdown of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a flowchart of a second stage purging procedure in a low temperature shutdown purging method for a vehicle fuel cell system according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a flowchart of the method of example 1 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Based on the problems of the prior art, fuel cell systems require conscious emphasis and design in component selection, architecture, integration, and control methods. In the control method, the temperature of the cooling circuit is kept by PTC heating, the electric pile is loaded to generate heat, and the water pump rotates and stops in the purging process, so that the electric pile is maintained at a higher temperature, and the water is easy to evaporate and is taken out of the system by gas. The air side purge speed is increased by increasing the air side pressure and flow. By increasing the side pressure and flow of the hydrogen gas, the frequency of the hydrogen discharge valve is accelerated, the hydrogen discharge time is increased, and the liquid water on the hydrogen gas side is quickly discharged out of the system. And judging whether the purging inside the galvanic pile is sufficient or not by calibrating the purging duration or according to the voltage drop of the galvanic pile voltage under the constant current. The electric pile pulling load is needed in the blowing process, the pulling load electric pile cannot be too small, and the phenomenon that the electric pile has high potential is prevented from influencing the service life of the electric pile. Meanwhile, after the purging is finished, the discharge time of the galvanic pile is fast, and the time of high potential of the galvanic pile is also reduced.
During the cold start process of the fuel cell system at low temperature, the auxiliary components can be frozen, ice needs to be broken or ice needs to be dissolved, and the material properties and the ice breaking capacity of the components need to be paid attention when the system components are selected. Meanwhile, the auxiliary component has a heating function or intentionally purges the component which is easy to be wet in the purging process of the system. The key point of the low-temperature shutdown purging of the fuel cell system is how to rapidly blow liquid water in the galvanic pile and the auxiliary components out of the system under the condition of ensuring the service life of the galvanic pile, reduce the humidity in the system, and prevent the icing phenomenon in the galvanic pile and the auxiliary components during low-temperature storage from causing performance degradation and hindering the next low-temperature startup.
The invention provides a low-temperature shutdown purging method for a vehicle fuel cell system, which aims to solve the problems in the prior art, and as shown in figure 1, the method comprises the following steps:
step 1, after receiving a low-temperature shutdown command, reducing the current of the galvanic pile to I1, and entering a first-stage purging process;
step 2, when the total voltage of the galvanic pile is less than or equal to U1, or the purging duration reaches T5, or the voltage of the monomer is less than or equal to U3, entering the second stage purging process;
step 3, setting the current of the galvanic pile and the rotating speed of the air compressor to be 0, and setting the hydrogen pressure to be P2; stopping PTC heating, and closing the hydrogen exhaust valve;
step 4, setting a discharge current I2, and carrying out active discharge; simultaneously closing an air inlet throttle valve and a back pressure throttle valve of the electric pile;
step 5, when the total voltage of the galvanic pile is less than U4 or the lowest monomer voltage is less than U5, setting the current of the galvanic pile equal to 0, disconnecting a bus relay of the galvanic pile, setting the rotating speed of a water pump equal to 0, and finishing active discharge;
and 6, hydrogen supplement is carried out, when the hydrogen supplement duration reaches T9, low-pressure hydrogen supply is closed, and meanwhile the low-temperature shutdown purging procedure is ended.
In one embodiment, the first stage purge process comprises:
setting the opening A% of a back pressure throttle valve, setting the rotating speed R1 of an air compressor, setting the pressure P1 of hydrogen, setting the rotating speed R2 of a hydrogen circulating pump, setting the opening and closing time T1 and T2 of a hydrogen discharge valve, setting the rotating and stopping time lengths of a water pump to be T3 and T4, setting the rotating speed of the water pump to be the lowest value, and setting the PTC heating power to be the maximum value; an open stack purge is then performed.
After receiving a low-temperature shutdown command, the fuel cell enters a low-temperature shutdown purging stage, the stack load current is reduced to a specific value, the specific value needs to be calibrated according to different stacks and different systems, and the specific value is determined by a strategy (different fuel cell systems are different in operating conditions and need to be matched). After the current of the galvanic pile is reduced to a specific value, the pressure of air and hydrogen entering the galvanic pile is increased, the rotating speed of an air compressor is increased by increasing the air pressure, the pressure of hydrogen entering the galvanic pile is increased by controlling to increase the hydrogen supply, generally a hydrogen injector or a proportional valve, and the rotating speed of the air compressor and the pressure of hydrogen entering are calibrated values. And the air flow of the cathode is increased, the rotating speed of the air compressor and the opening of the air back pressure valve are increased to be adjusted, and the opening of the air back pressure valve is a calibrated value. The increase of the anode side water discharge frequency is controlled by the opening duration and the opening frequency of the hydrogen discharge valve, and the value is a calibration value. The PTC heater is started, the rotation and the stop of the cooling path water pump are controlled, the galvanic pile is maintained at a high water temperature, and the rotation speed, the rotation time and the stop time of the water pump are calibrated values. The rotating speed of the hydrogen circulating pump is a calibration value. The size of the calibration value is determined by the policy.
In the first stage purging process, the hydrogen circulating pump rotates, and the purging duration has two judgment bases, wherein the first type is the calibrated duration, and the second type is that the total voltage of the galvanic pile is lower than the calibrated value.
In the second stage purging process, when the first stage operation is finished, the hydrogen circulating pump stops rotating, and the dry hydrogen simultaneously purges the galvanic pile and the hydrogen circulating pump, so that the chlorine circulating pump impeller is prevented from freezing when the system is started at a low temperature. Similarly, the purging duration of the stage has two judgment bases, the first is the calibration duration, and the second is that the total voltage of the galvanic pile is lower than the calibration value, which is determined by the strategy.
When the monomer voltage is low in the first-stage purging process, the hydrogen circulating pump stops rotating, meanwhile, the current of the load-carrying galvanic pile stops being pulled, open-circuit purging is conducted, the purging duration is a calibration value, and the purging duration is determined by a strategy.
After purging is finished, the load current of the galvanic pile is set to be zero, the rotating speed of the air compressor is set to be zero, the pressure of hydrogen entering the galvanic pile is set, the PTC stops heating, and the hydrogen discharge valve is closed. After the air compressor meets the requirement of the rotating speed, the discharge current of the galvanic pile is set, air is fed and the back pressure valve is closed, the galvanic pile discharge is carried out, and the galvanic pile voltage is reduced. The discharge current is a calibrated value, determined by the strategy. And in the discharging process, triggering the total voltage of the galvanic pile or the lowest monomer voltage value, and finishing discharging.
After discharging, the current of the electric pile is set to be zero, a high-voltage relay of a bus of the electric pile is disconnected, and the rotating speed of the water pump is set to be zero. And after the discharge is finished, the hydrogen supplementing time of a section of hydrogen gas path needs to be increased, the hydrogen supplementing time is a calibration value and is determined by a strategy, the pressure of the hydrogen gas path is set to be zero after the discharge is finished, and the low-temperature shutdown purging of the system is finished.
As shown in fig. 2, the second stage purge process includes:
when the total voltage of the galvanic pile is less than or equal to U1 or the duration reaches T5, setting the rotating speed of the hydrogen circulating pump to be 0, reducing the current of the galvanic pile to be 0, and performing open-circuit purging on the galvanic pile; when the purging duration reaches T6 or the total voltage of the galvanic pile is less than or equal to U2, the purging is finished;
when the voltage of the single body is less than or equal to U3 and the duration time is more than or equal to T7, setting the rotating speed of the hydrogen circulating pump to be 0, reducing the current of the galvanic pile to be 0, and performing open-circuit purging on the galvanic pile; when the purge duration reaches T8, the purge ends.
The parameters are as follows: i1, I2, A%, R1, P1, R2, P2, T1-T9 and U1-U5 are all calibration values. The electric pile current is electric pile load current.
Example 1:
as shown in fig. 3, the present invention provides a low-temperature shutdown purging method for a vehicle fuel cell system, comprising the following steps:
after receiving a low-temperature shutdown command in the operation process of the vehicle fuel cell system, the load current of the electric pile is reduced to I1 through internal control, and meanwhile, the fuel cell subsystem components such as an air compressor, a throttle valve, a water pump, a hydrogen circulating pump and other executive parts are correspondingly adjusted along with the current.
Entering a first-stage purging process after the current of the galvanic pile meets the condition:
setting the opening A% of a backpressure throttle valve and the rotating speed R1 of an air compressor, so that the pressure and the flow of air entering an air path are improved;
setting hydrogen inlet pile pressure P1, setting hydrogen circulating pump speed R2, and setting opening and closing time T1 and T2 of a hydrogen discharge valve, thereby improving hydrogen inlet pile pressure of a hydrogen path and accelerating anode drainage of the hydrogen discharge valve frequently; the rotation speed of the hydrogen circulating pump is increased, so that the uniform dispersion of water in the anode of the pile and the hydrogen pipeline is promoted, the anode drainage of the system is facilitated, and the humidity of the internal gas is reduced;
setting the rotation and stop time of the water pump as T3 and T4, setting the rotation speed of the water pump as the lowest value, and setting the PTC heating power as the maximum value; at the moment, the heat in the electric pile is taken out of the electric pile by the cooling liquid and the cathode air together, and in order to enable the electric pile to be at a higher temperature, the flow of the cooling liquid needs to be controlled to be at a slower speed; but at the same time, the heat cannot flow, so that the heat generation and accumulation in the electric pile and the heat of the PTC cannot be transferred to the electric pile are prevented; the control of the cooling circuit is very critical, and a large number of experiments are needed to control variables, so that the internal temperature of the electric pile is maintained at a high value, and the drying treatment is carried out.
When the total voltage of the galvanic pile is less than or equal to U1, or the duration meets T5, or the voltage of the single cell is less than or equal to U3, entering a second stage purging process:
when the total voltage of the electric pile is less than or equal to U1, or the duration meets T5, entering the first condition of the second stage, belonging to a normal path, setting the rotating speed of the hydrogen circulating pump to be equal to 0, keeping other conditions unchanged, continuing purging, and ending purging according to the duration reaching T6 or the total voltage of the electric pile being less than or equal to U2;
and when the voltage of the monomer is less than or equal to U3, entering the second condition of the second stage, setting the rotating speed of the hydrogen circulating pump to be equal to 0, simultaneously reducing the load current of the galvanic pile to be 0, keeping other conditions unchanged, carrying out open-circuit purging on the galvanic pile, and ending the purging according to the time length of T8.
After the second-stage purging is finished, the electric pile pulling load electric pile is set to be equal to 0, the rotating speed of the air compressor is set to be equal to 0, the pressure of hydrogen is set to be P2, and generally, the pressure of the hydrogen is not less than P2 and not more than P1, because the air compressor stops rotating, in order to ensure that the pressure difference between two sides of hydrogen cannot be too large, the pressure of the hydrogen entering the pile needs to be reduced. The PTC heating is stopped, and the hydrogen exhaust valve is closed.
When the air compressor speed meets the conditions, the discharge current I2 is set, and a pile air inlet throttle valve and a system back pressure throttle valve are closed at the same time. The oxygen concentration at the cathode side inside the stack is consumed by the discharge of a small current.
When the total voltage of the electric pile is less than U4 or the lowest cell voltage is less than U5, the discharge current is set to be equal to 0. The total voltage of the galvanic pile is less than U4, which indicates that the total voltage of the galvanic pile is lower, the galvanic pile is used as a power generator, and the voltage meets the safety requirement. The lowest cell voltage < U5 is generally only the case that the cell has poor performance or the cell leaks greatly, and is a protective measure for protecting the safety of the cell in the active discharge process.
And setting the load current of the galvanic pile equal to 0, disconnecting a galvanic pile bus relay, setting the rotating speed of a water pump equal to 0, and finishing active discharge. After the active discharge is stopped, the inside of the galvanic pile can carry out natural discharge, and at the moment, the galvanic pile can continuously consume hydrogen at the anode and residual oxygen at the cathode. Meanwhile, the cathode gradually forms a nitrogen-rich environment, and hydrogen T9 needs to be supplemented continuously, so that the serious negative pressure of the anode is avoided.
And after hydrogen supplement is finished, closing low-pressure hydrogen supply, and finishing the low-temperature shutdown purging program.
The low-temperature shutdown purging method for the vehicle fuel cell system can meet the requirement that after the fuel cell system receives a shutdown instruction during low-temperature operation, the purging pressure and flow of the cathode and the anode are increased by reasonably controlling the temperature of the galvanic pile, and the purging is increased aiming at the hydrogen circulating pump, so that the low-temperature start of the system is guaranteed.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (4)
1. A low-temperature shutdown purging method for a vehicle fuel cell system is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
step 1, after receiving a low-temperature shutdown command, reducing the current of the galvanic pile to I1, and entering a first-stage purging process;
step 2, when the total voltage of the galvanic pile is less than or equal to U1, or the purging duration reaches T5, or the voltage of the monomer is less than or equal to U3, entering the second stage purging process;
step 3, setting the current of the galvanic pile and the rotating speed of the air compressor to be 0, and setting the hydrogen pressure to be P2; stopping PTC heating, and closing the hydrogen exhaust valve;
step 4, setting a discharge current I2, and carrying out active discharge; simultaneously closing an air inlet throttle valve and a back pressure throttle valve of the electric pile;
step 5, when the total voltage of the galvanic pile is less than U4 or the lowest monomer voltage is less than U5, setting the current of the galvanic pile equal to 0, disconnecting a high-voltage relay of a busbar of the galvanic pile, setting the rotating speed of a water pump equal to 0, and finishing active discharge;
and 6, hydrogen supplement is carried out, when the hydrogen supplement duration reaches T9, low-pressure hydrogen supply is closed, and meanwhile the low-temperature shutdown purging procedure is ended.
2. The low-temperature shutdown purging method for the vehicle fuel cell system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the first stage purge process comprises:
setting the opening A% of a back pressure throttle valve, setting the rotating speed R1 of an air compressor, setting the pressure P1 of hydrogen, setting the rotating speed R2 of a hydrogen circulating pump, setting the opening and closing time T1 and T2 of a hydrogen discharge valve, setting the rotating and stopping time lengths of a water pump to be T3 and T4, setting the rotating speed of the water pump to be the lowest value, and setting the PTC heating power to be the maximum value; an open stack purge is then performed.
3. The low-temperature shutdown purging method for the vehicle fuel cell system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the second stage purge process comprises:
when the total voltage of the galvanic pile is less than or equal to U1 or the duration reaches T5, setting the rotating speed of the hydrogen circulating pump to be 0, reducing the current of the galvanic pile to be 0, and performing open-circuit purging on the galvanic pile; when the purging duration reaches T6 or the total voltage of the galvanic pile is less than or equal to U2, the purging is finished;
when the voltage of the single body is less than or equal to U3 and the duration time is more than or equal to T7, setting the rotating speed of the hydrogen circulating pump to be 0, reducing the current of the galvanic pile to be 0, and performing open-circuit purging on the galvanic pile; when the purge duration reaches T8, the purge ends.
4. The low-temperature shutdown purging method for the vehicle fuel cell system according to claim 2, characterized in that: the hydrogen pressure P2 is not less than P1.
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