CN114865016A - Fuel cell stack and shutdown method thereof - Google Patents
Fuel cell stack and shutdown method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114865016A CN114865016A CN202210593851.6A CN202210593851A CN114865016A CN 114865016 A CN114865016 A CN 114865016A CN 202210593851 A CN202210593851 A CN 202210593851A CN 114865016 A CN114865016 A CN 114865016A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/043—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods
- H01M8/04303—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods applied during shut-down
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
- H01M8/04228—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells during shut-down
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/04537—Electric variables
- H01M8/04544—Voltage
- H01M8/04552—Voltage of the individual fuel cell
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04992—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the implementation of mathematical or computational algorithms, e.g. feedback control loops, fuzzy logic, neural networks or artificial intelligence
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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Abstract
The invention discloses a fuel cell stack and a shutdown method thereof, belonging to the technical field of fuel cells, wherein the shutdown method comprises the following steps: s1, operating the fuel cell stack to a set temperature under low current density to perform preliminary cooling; s2, carrying out nitrogen purging and cooling through a nitrogen special pipeline directly communicated with the reactor reaction chamber through a valve; connecting resistors in parallel to the fuel cell stack to consume residual fuel; s3, if the minimum single cell voltage in the fuel cell stack is smaller than the set voltage value, disconnecting each line and pipeline, sealing each interface, and ending shutdown; if the minimum cell voltage is greater than or equal to the set voltage value, execution continues with step S2. The special nitrogen pipeline and the original cathode and anode pipelines are independently arranged, so that the purging time can be greatly shortened, the consumption of energy by matching the special pipeline with the resistor can be greatly reduced, the residual fuel in the galvanic pile after shutdown is finished can be greatly reduced, and carbon corrosion of a hydrogen-air interface caused by anode hydrogen mixed air can be avoided.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fuel cells, and particularly relates to a fuel cell stack and a shutdown method thereof.
Background
At present, the world faces environmental and energy pressure, new energy automobiles develop rapidly under the background, and the demand of fuel cell stacks as important component parts of fuel cell automobiles increases year by year. A large number of tests are required to be carried out on the fuel cell stack in the early development and later matching process with other components of the system, and certain negative effects can be caused on the stack due to improper startup and shutdown operations in the testing process.
The shutdown strategy is very important in the proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack test, and a proper method can play roles of slowing down the performance attenuation of the stack and saving the cost for the proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack test, and the traditional technical scheme is to utilize auxiliary load discharge and purge to be combined, for example, CN103259031A discloses a proton exchange membrane fuel cell starting and shutdown control method, in the shutdown process, the shutdown control adopts the steps of closing the hydrogen after closing the air, utilizing the auxiliary load to close the opening system for discharge and purging the anode in combination with the air, and blowing the fuel mixed air into the stack ceaselessly in the purge process, so that the residual fuel in the stack is not consumed, the shutdown efficiency is low, and carbon corrosion easily occurs to a hydrogen-air interface due to the mixed air of the hydrogen.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects that the shutdown efficiency is low and carbon corrosion is easily caused on a hydrogen-air interface due to hydrogen mixed air in the prior art, and provides a fuel cell stack and a shutdown method thereof.
The invention solves the technical problems through the following technical scheme:
a method of shutting down a fuel cell stack, comprising:
s1, operating the fuel cell stack to a set temperature under low current density to carry out preliminary temperature reduction;
s2, carrying out nitrogen purging and cooling through a nitrogen special pipeline directly communicated with the reactor reaction chamber through a valve;
connecting resistors in parallel to the fuel cell stack to consume residual fuel;
s3, if the minimum single cell voltage in the fuel cell stack is smaller than a set voltage value, disconnecting each line and pipeline, sealing each interface, and ending shutdown; if the minimum cell voltage is greater than or equal to the set voltage value, execution continues with step S2.
In this scheme, prior art can utilize former negative and positive pole pipeline to sweep at the in-process that sweeps, because the longer reason of former negative and positive pole pipeline is difficult to sweep inside remaining fuel totally to blow the mixed nitrogen of fuel to the pile that can not stop at the in-process that sweeps, sweep inefficiency. The special nitrogen pipeline and the original cathode and anode pipelines are independently arranged and are directly communicated with the reaction chamber of the galvanic pile, and the special nitrogen pipeline is switched during temperature reduction, so that the purging time can be greatly shortened; in addition, the current consumed by the residual fuel by using the external load is very low, and the current stops after the residual fuel is consumed, so that the safety is high; the residual fuel in the galvanic pile after shutdown is finished can be greatly reduced by using the special pipeline matched with the resistor to consume energy, and carbon corrosion of a hydrogen-air interface caused by mixed air of anode hydrogen can be avoided.
Preferably, the step of performing nitrogen purging and temperature reduction through a nitrogen dedicated pipeline directly communicating with the reactor chamber through a valve further comprises:
the load of the fuel cell stack is cut off.
Preferably, the step of performing nitrogen purging and temperature reduction through a nitrogen dedicated pipeline directly communicating with the reactor chamber through a valve comprises:
opening a valve between the nitrogen dedicated pipeline and the reaction chamber;
and opening a tail discharge valve of the reaction chamber communicated with the outside to discharge the reaction gas.
Preferably, the step of purging and cooling with nitrogen through a dedicated nitrogen pipeline directly communicating with the reactor chamber through a valve is performed simultaneously with the step of connecting resistors in parallel to the fuel cell stack and consuming residual fuel.
In this scheme, carry out the consumption speed that can improve the interior residual fuel of galvanic pile simultaneously, and then accelerate the shutdown speed of galvanic pile.
Preferably, the step of consuming residual fuel for the fuel cell stack parallel resistor comprises:
and each cell in the fuel cell stack is connected with a resistor in parallel.
In the scheme, when the time that the single battery is at a high potential is obviously shortened, the phenomenon of uneven residual gas consumption in the shutdown process is well avoided, the occurrence of the single battery reverse polarization phenomenon in the shutdown process of the pile is effectively avoided, and the voltage balance of the single battery is also improved.
Preferably, the resistance value of the resistor is 100 ohms.
Preferably, the step of consuming residual fuel for the fuel cell stack parallel resistor comprises:
and a resistor is connected in parallel with the whole fuel cell stack.
Preferably, a fuel cell stack comprising a stack reaction chamber, the fuel cell stack further comprising:
the nitrogen system comprises a nitrogen special pipeline which is directly communicated with the reactor reaction chamber through a valve;
a controller configured to perform the shutdown method as described above.
In the scheme, the nitrogen system comprises the nitrogen special pipeline which is independently arranged, the shutdown method can be executed in a matched mode, the shutdown speed of the fuel cell stack adopting the shutdown method is higher, and carbon corrosion of a hydrogen-air interface caused by mixed air of anode hydrogen can be avoided.
Preferably, the nitrogen system further comprises a nitrogen bottle, a nitrogen pressure gauge and a nitrogen flowmeter, wherein the nitrogen bottle is connected with an inlet of the nitrogen pressure gauge, an outlet of the nitrogen pressure gauge is connected with the nitrogen special pipeline, and the nitrogen flowmeter is arranged on the nitrogen special pipeline.
Preferably, the nitrogen system further comprises a nitrogen humidifier disposed on the nitrogen dedicated pipeline for increasing the humidity of the nitrogen in the nitrogen dedicated pipeline.
The positive progress effects of the invention are as follows: in this scheme, prior art can utilize former negative and positive pole pipeline to sweep at the in-process that sweeps, because the longer reason of former negative and positive pole pipeline is difficult to sweep inside remaining fuel totally to blow the mixed nitrogen of fuel to the pile that can not stop at the in-process that sweeps, sweep inefficiency. The special nitrogen pipeline and the original cathode and anode pipelines are independently arranged and are directly communicated with the reaction chamber of the galvanic pile, and the special nitrogen pipeline is switched during temperature reduction, so that the purging time can be greatly shortened; in addition, the current consumed by the residual fuel by using the external load is very low, and the current stops after the residual fuel is consumed, so that the safety is high; the consumption of energy by using a special pipeline in cooperation with the resistor can greatly reduce the residual fuel in the reactor after shutdown, and carbon corrosion of a hydrogen-air interface caused by mixed air of the anode and the hydrogen can be avoided.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a fuel cell stack shutdown method according to a preferred embodiment of the invention;
fig. 2 is a partial system block diagram of a fuel cell stack according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Valve 600
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples, which are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the present embodiment provides a shutdown method of a fuel cell stack, including:
s1, operating the fuel cell stack to a set temperature under low current density to perform preliminary cooling;
s2, carrying out nitrogen purging and cooling through a nitrogen special pipeline directly communicated with the reactor reaction chamber through a valve;
connecting resistors in parallel to the fuel cell stack to consume residual fuel;
s3, if the minimum single cell voltage in the fuel cell stack is smaller than the set voltage value, disconnecting each line and pipeline, sealing each interface, and ending shutdown; if the minimum cell voltage is greater than or equal to the set voltage value, execution continues with step S2.
The prior art can utilize former negative and positive pole pipeline to sweep at the in-process of sweeping, because former negative and positive pole pipeline is longer reason hardly sweeps clean with inside remaining fuel to can be ceaselessly blow fuel mixed nitrogen to the pile in sweeping the in-process, sweep inefficiency. The special nitrogen pipeline and the original cathode and anode pipelines are independently arranged and are directly communicated with the reaction chamber of the galvanic pile, and the special nitrogen pipeline is switched during temperature reduction, so that the purging time can be greatly shortened; in addition, the current consumed by the residual fuel by using the external load is very low, and the current stops after the residual fuel is consumed, so that the safety is high; the residual fuel in the fuel cell stack after shutdown is finished can be greatly reduced by using the special nitrogen pipeline to cooperate with the resistor, namely nitrogen purging is performed through the special nitrogen pipeline and the fuel cell stack is matched with the parallel resistor, so that the consumption speed of the fuel can be increased, the residual fuel in the fuel cell stack after shutdown is finished can be greatly reduced, and carbon corrosion of a hydrogen-air interface caused by anode hydrogen mixed air can be avoided.
As shown in fig. 1, the fuel cell stack is first operated at a low current density to a set temperature for preliminary cooling, specifically, the stack temperature is set to 60 ℃, the humidification temperature of the cathode and anode is set to 60 ℃, and the humidification temperature of the cathode and anode is set to 300mA/cm 2 The operation is carried out under the current density until the temperature is stable.
When reaching the settlement temperature, carry out again and carry out the step that nitrogen gas sweeps the cooling through the special pipeline of nitrogen gas that passes through the direct intercommunication of valve with galvanic pile reaction chamber, the special pipeline of nitrogen gas is independent of former negative and positive pole pipeline, and direct and galvanic pile's reaction chamber intercommunication switches into the special pipeline of nitrogen gas when the cooling, can shorten the time of sweeping greatly.
And after nitrogen purging and cooling are completed, the step of connecting resistors in parallel to the fuel cell stack to consume residual fuel is performed, the current of the residual fuel consumed by the external load is very low, the current stops after the residual fuel is consumed, and the safety is high.
Judging the minimum single cell voltage in the fuel cell stack through a controller, if the minimum single cell voltage is less than a set voltage value, disconnecting each line and each pipeline, sealing each interface, and ending shutdown; if the minimum single cell voltage is larger than or equal to the set voltage value, the nitrogen purging and cooling step is returned, so that the single cell voltage can meet the requirement after shutdown is finished, and the service life of the fuel cell stack can be prolonged.
In this embodiment, in step S2, a step of purging nitrogen through the dedicated nitrogen line 400 directly connected to the stack reactor 700 through the valve 600 to reduce the temperature is performed, and then a step of connecting resistors in parallel to the fuel cell stack to consume the residual fuel is performed. Please refer to fig. 2 for a structure of the fuel cell stack.
In other embodiments, the step of purging with nitrogen and lowering the temperature through the dedicated nitrogen line 400 directly communicating with the stack reactor chamber 700 through the valve 600 is performed simultaneously with the step of connecting resistors in parallel to the fuel cell stack and consuming the residual fuel in step S2. Meanwhile, the consumption speed of residual fuel in the galvanic pile can be increased, and the shutdown speed of the galvanic pile is further accelerated.
In step S2, a nitrogen humidifier may be disposed in the nitrogen dedicated pipe 400 to increase the humidity of the nitrogen.
Specifically, when each battery is reduced to 0.3V, the shutdown is finished after the temperature of the stack is reduced to about 30 ℃.
In this embodiment, the step of performing nitrogen purging and temperature reduction through the nitrogen dedicated pipeline 400 directly communicating with the reactor chamber 700 through the valve 600 further includes:
the load of the fuel cell stack is cut off.
In this embodiment, the step of performing nitrogen purging and temperature reduction through the nitrogen dedicated pipeline 400 directly communicating with the reactor chamber 700 through the valve 600 includes:
opening a valve 600 between the nitrogen dedicated pipe 400 and the reaction chamber;
a tail valve (not shown) communicating the reaction chamber with the outside is opened to discharge the reaction gas.
In this embodiment, the step of consuming the residual fuel for the fuel cell stack parallel resistor includes: each cell in the fuel cell stack is connected with a resistor in parallel. By connecting a resistor in parallel to each battery, the time of the single battery at a high potential can be obviously shortened, the phenomenon of uneven residual gas consumption in the shutdown process is well avoided, the occurrence of the single battery reverse polarization phenomenon in the shutdown process of the pile is effectively avoided, and the voltage balance of the single battery is also improved.
Specifically, each battery is connected in parallel with a 100 ohm resistor by using the inspection connector to accelerate the discharging process.
In other embodiments, a resistor may also be connected in parallel to every two or three batteries in the fuel cell stack, wherein the number of batteries requiring resistors connected in parallel may be flexibly selected according to the needs.
In other embodiments, the step of consuming the residual fuel for the fuel cell stack parallel resistance comprises: and a resistor is connected in parallel with the whole fuel cell stack.
In other embodiments, for a fuel cell stack parallel resistance, the step of consuming the residual fuel may include: each battery in the fuel cell stack is connected with a resistor in parallel and the whole fuel cell stack is connected with a resistor in parallel.
As shown in fig. 2, in the present embodiment, there is provided a fuel cell stack including a stack reaction chamber 700, the fuel cell stack further including:
a nitrogen system including a nitrogen dedicated pipe 400 directly communicating with the reactor chamber 700 through a valve 600;
a controller (not shown in the figures) configured to perform the shutdown method as described above.
In this embodiment, the nitrogen system includes the dedicated nitrogen pipeline 400, which is independently configured, and can cooperate with the shutdown method described above, and the shutdown speed of the fuel cell stack using the shutdown method described above is faster, and carbon corrosion of the hydrogen-air interface due to the mixed air of the anode and the hydrogen can be avoided.
As shown in fig. 2, in the present embodiment, the nitrogen system further includes a nitrogen gas cylinder 100, a nitrogen gas pressure gauge 200, and a nitrogen gas flow meter 500, wherein the nitrogen gas cylinder 100 is connected to an inlet of the nitrogen gas pressure gauge 200, an outlet of the nitrogen gas pressure gauge 200 is connected to the nitrogen gas dedicated pipeline 400, and the nitrogen gas flow meter 500 is disposed on the nitrogen gas dedicated pipeline 400.
In this embodiment, the nitrogen system further includes a nitrogen humidifier 300, and the nitrogen humidifier 300 is disposed on the nitrogen dedicated pipe 400 and is used for increasing the humidity of the nitrogen in the nitrogen dedicated pipe 400.
Claims (10)
1. A method of shutting down a fuel cell stack, comprising:
s1, operating the fuel cell stack to a set temperature under low current density to perform preliminary temperature reduction;
s2, carrying out nitrogen purging and cooling through a nitrogen special pipeline directly communicated with the reactor reaction chamber through a valve;
connecting resistors in parallel to the fuel cell stack to consume residual fuel;
s3, if the minimum single cell voltage in the fuel cell stack is smaller than a set voltage value, disconnecting each line and pipeline, sealing each interface, and ending shutdown; if the minimum cell voltage is greater than or equal to the set voltage value, execution continues with step S2.
2. The method for shutting down a fuel cell stack according to claim 1, wherein the step of purging with nitrogen through a dedicated nitrogen line directly communicating with the stack reactor chamber through a valve further comprises:
the load of the fuel cell stack is cut off.
3. The method for shutting down a fuel cell stack according to claim 1, wherein the step of purging with nitrogen through a dedicated nitrogen line directly communicating with the stack reactor chamber through a valve comprises:
opening a valve between the nitrogen dedicated pipeline and the reaction chamber;
and opening a tail discharge valve of the reaction chamber communicated with the outside to discharge the reaction gas.
4. The method for shutting down a fuel cell stack according to claim 1, wherein the step of purging with nitrogen to reduce the temperature through a dedicated nitrogen line directly communicating with a stack reactor chamber through a valve is performed simultaneously with the step of connecting resistors in parallel to the fuel cell stack to consume residual fuel.
5. The method for shutting down a fuel cell stack according to claim 1, wherein the step of connecting resistors in parallel to the fuel cell stack to consume residual fuel comprises:
and each cell in the fuel cell stack is connected with a resistor in parallel.
6. The method for shutting down a fuel cell stack according to claim 5, wherein the resistance value of the resistor is 100 ohms.
7. The method for shutting down a fuel cell stack according to claim 1, wherein the step of connecting resistors in parallel to the fuel cell stack to consume residual fuel comprises:
and a resistor is connected in parallel with the whole fuel cell stack.
8. A fuel cell stack comprising a stack reaction chamber, wherein the fuel cell stack further comprises:
the nitrogen system comprises a nitrogen special pipeline which is directly communicated with the reactor reaction chamber through a valve;
a controller configured to perform the shutdown method of any one of claims 1 to 7.
9. The fuel cell stack according to claim 8, wherein the nitrogen system further comprises a nitrogen gas cylinder, a nitrogen gas pressure gauge, and a nitrogen gas flow meter, wherein the nitrogen gas cylinder is connected to an inlet of the nitrogen gas pressure gauge, an outlet of the nitrogen gas pressure gauge is connected to the nitrogen gas dedicated pipe, and the nitrogen gas flow meter is disposed on the nitrogen gas dedicated pipe.
10. The fuel cell stack of claim 8 wherein the nitrogen system further comprises a nitrogen humidifier disposed on the nitrogen dedicated line for increasing the humidity of the nitrogen in the nitrogen dedicated line.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115911460A (en) * | 2023-01-06 | 2023-04-04 | 国家电投集团氢能科技发展有限公司 | Shutdown method and system for hydrogen fuel cell system |
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