CN110957510A - Method for testing startup and shutdown of fuel cell stack rack - Google Patents
Method for testing startup and shutdown of fuel cell stack rack Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a fuel cell stack rack test startup and shutdown method, which comprises an independent startup method and an independent shutdown method and belongs to the technical field of fuel cells. The invention creatively summarizes the general steps of the pile rack test startup and shutdown method, and simultaneously introduces the nesting process to make the whole method more concise and clear and have good universality.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fuel cells, and particularly relates to a method for testing startup and shutdown of a fuel cell stack rack.
Background
At present, the world faces environmental and energy pressure, and new energy automobiles develop rapidly under the background. As an important technical route, fuel cell vehicles are also regarded by governments and enterprises of various countries. The demand for fuel cell stacks as important component parts of fuel cell vehicles has increased year by year. A large number of tests are required to be carried out on the fuel cell stack in the processes of early development and later matching with other components of a system, and certain negative effects can be caused on the stack due to improper startup and shutdown operations in the test process.
In the fuel cell stack rack test process, no unified and universal startup and shutdown method exists in the industry at present. The existing method for publicly releasing the fuel cell stack bench test has fewer startup and shutdown methods, most of which are a set of specific test methods specified by stack manufacturers, and the universality is poor.
CN103259031A discloses a method for controlling start-up and shut-down of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell, which divides the whole fuel cell stack into a plurality of cell modules, each cell module is connected with a control switch, an auxiliary load and a crystal diode are connected in series to form a modular discharge circuit, each discharge circuit and a main load circuit are connected in parallel at two ends of the cathode and the anode of the fuel cell; and connecting an air source with the anode end of the fuel cell through an air purge valve, and purging residual hydrogen on the anode by using air. The starting control adopts hydrogen to purge the anode, and the auxiliary load is utilized to control the voltage of the battery; the shutdown control adopts that the air is firstly closed and then the hydrogen is closed, the auxiliary load is utilized to close the system for discharging, and the air is combined to purge the anode. The method can reduce the time consumption of the shutdown of the fuel cell, reduce the concentration of oxygen remained on the cathode, prevent the reversal of single cells in the module, prevent the battery reversal phenomenon during shutdown discharge and air purging, simplify the system and facilitate the operation. However, the method mainly focuses on control hardware in the startup and shutdown process, and does not relate to a fuel cell stack bench test startup and shutdown method.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a method for testing the startup and shutdown of a fuel cell stack rack.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a fuel cell stack bench test startup and shutdown method comprises an independent startup method and a shutdown method, wherein the startup method comprises the following steps:
(1) controlling the temperature of the fuel cell stack, wherein the inlet temperature of the cooling liquid is set to be 30 ℃, and the flow of the cooling liquid is set to be the minimum flow;
(2) respectively carrying out nitrogen purging on the cathode and the anode of the fuel cell, wherein the nitrogen flow is set as the minimum flow;
(3) setting the coolant inlet temperature to a nominal temperature, independently setting the gas inlet temperature of the cathode and anode of the fuel cell to be 5-10 ℃ (e.g. 5 ℃, 6 ℃, 7 ℃, 8 ℃, 9 ℃ or 10 ℃ and the like) higher than the nominal coolant inlet temperature, and independently setting the dew point temperature of the cathode and anode to be 5-10 ℃ (e.g. 5 ℃, 6 ℃, 7 ℃, 8 ℃, 9 ℃ or 10 ℃ and the like) lower than the nominal coolant inlet temperature, so as to avoid condensation;
(4) when the temperature of the cooling liquid inlet of the fuel cell stack rises to be more than or equal to a set value T1Introducing reaction gas into the cathode and anode of the fuel cell at minimum flow rate until the open-circuit voltage of the minimum single cell is greater than or equal to V1Increasing the load to a current density of 0.1-0.5A/cm2(the parameter is a current density corresponding to a current less than the minimum flow of reactant gas, e.g., 0.1A/cm2、0.2A/cm2、0.3A/cm2、0.35A/cm2Or 0.5A/cm2Etc.);
(5) when the temperature of the cooling liquid inlet is more than or equal to the dew point temperature of the cathode and the anode of the fuel cell, starting to increase the flow and the pressure of the reaction gas to corresponding nominal values, and gradually increasing the load to the nominal load;
(6) and judging the relation between the inlet temperature of the cooling liquid and the dew point temperature of the cathode and the anode of the fuel cell, waiting for the temperature of the fuel cell stack to rise if the inlet temperature of the cooling liquid is less than the dew point temperature of the cathode and the anode of the fuel cell, and ending the starting process if the inlet temperature of the cooling liquid is more than or equal to the dew point temperature.
In the invention, the rack is electrically connected with the fuel cell or a gas-liquid pipeline, and the air supply, the temperature, the pressure and the flow of the fuel cell stack are controlled by the rack.
The "settings" related to the coolant inlet temperature, coolant flow, nitrogen flow, dew point temperature of the fuel cell cathode and anode, etc., are all operated on the gantry, whether it is a power-on or a power-off method. Taking the nominal temperature of the cooling fluid inlet as 70 ℃ as an example, by setting the cooling fluid inlet temperature on the stage to the nominal temperature, the actual temperature of the cooling fluid inlet will gradually rise and eventually reach the set temperature of 70 ℃.
When a fuel cell stack rack leaves a factory, a manufacturer recommends ranges of parameters, also called nominal values, such as nominal temperature (usually 65-75 ℃) of a cooling liquid inlet, nominal reaction gas flow, nominal reaction gas pressure and the like.
In the present invention, the reaction gas of the cathode and anode means: hydrogen at the anode, and air at the cathode.
In the invention, the dew point temperature of the cathode and the anode is adjusted by the humidifier and is closely related to the humidity.
The invention relates to a general startup and shutdown method for a fuel cell stack to perform bench test. The problem that a unified and fixed startup and shutdown method is unavailable in the fuel cell stack rack test process is solved.
The following is a preferred technical solution of the present invention, but not a limitation to the technical solution provided by the present invention, and the technical objects and advantageous effects of the present invention can be better achieved and achieved by the following preferred technical solution.
Preferably, in the step (1), the gas inlet temperature of the cathode and anode of the fuel cell stack is set to be 5 ℃ higher than the nominal coolant inlet temperature, and the dew point temperature of the cathode and anode is set to be 10 ℃ lower than the nominal coolant inlet temperature.
Preferably, step (4) comprises:
introducing a first judgment condition to the inlet temperature of the cooling liquid, if the inlet temperature of the cooling liquid of the fuel cell stack is less than T1Waiting for the temperature of the galvanic pile to rise; if the inlet temperature of the fuel cell stack cooling liquid is more than or equal to T1Then the cathode and the anode of the fuel cell are respectively introduced with reaction gas at the minimum flow rate;
continuously introducing a second judgment condition of minimum single cell open-circuit voltage if the minimum single cell open-circuit voltage is less than V1Waiting for the open-circuit voltage to rise, and if the open-circuit voltage is greater than or equal to V1Gradually increasing the load to a current density of 0.1-0.5A/cm2Preferably 0.1A/cm2。
Preferably, the temperature T is set1The temperature is 40 to 50 ℃, for example, 40 ℃, 43 ℃, 45 ℃, 47 ℃, 48 ℃ or 50 ℃, preferably 45 ℃.
Preferably, the voltage V is set170 to 80% of the reversible voltage of the fuel cell under standard conditions, for example 70%, 73%, 75%, 77.5%, 80% or the like. The value is for example 0.9V.
Preferably, step (5) comprises:
and introducing a numerical relation between the inlet temperature of the cooling liquid and the dew point temperature of the cathode and the anode of the fuel cell under a third judgment condition, waiting for the temperature of the galvanic pile to rise if the inlet temperature of the cooling liquid is less than the dew point temperature, and starting to increase the flow and the pressure of the reaction gas to the nominal flow and pressure if the inlet temperature of the cooling liquid is more than or equal to the dew point temperature.
Preferably, step (5) increases the reactant gas flow rate to a nominal flow rate and then increases the pressure to a nominal pressure.
Preferably, said step (5) of gradually increasing the load to the nominal current density is performed by: increasing the current density to the nominal current density.
Preferably, the pressure increase step is not more than 20kPa, such as 20kPa, 18kPa, 16kPa, 14kPa, 10kPa, 8kPa, 7kPa, 5kPa, 2kPa, or the like, preferably 10 to 15 kPa.
As a preferred technical solution of the method of the present invention, the shutdown method includes:
(A) firstly, the load is reduced to a current density of 0.1-0.5A/cm2Reducing the flow of the cathode and anode reactants of the fuel cell to the minimum flow;
(B) reducing the pressure of the fuel cell stack to normal pressure;
(C) the load is again reduced to a current density of 0.05A/cm2Closing the humidifier and setting the inlet temperature of the cooling liquid to be T2When the temperature of the humidifier is reduced to T2The following;
(D) stopping the supply of the reaction gas, and setting the minimum flow rate of the cathode and the anode to carry out nitrogen purging;
(E) keeping the lowest load operation, wherein the lowest load is as follows: the current density is 0.01A/cm2；
(F) If the minimum cell voltage is less than V2Then the fuel cell stack load is shut down, the purpose of this step being to consume the remaining reactants with a minimum load; if the minimum cell voltage is greater than or equal to V2Repeating the step (E) to keep the lowest load operation;
(G) after the load of the fuel cell stack is closed, the minimum single cell voltage is judged again, and if the minimum single cell voltage is less than V2Then carrying out the next step; if the minimum cell voltage is greater than or equal to V2If yes, increasing the load again, and repeating the step (E) to operate at the lowest load;
(H) and stopping nitrogen purging, stopping temperature control of the galvanic pile, stopping supply of cooling liquid and closing the test bench.
Preferably, step (B) is carried out using the following method: the inlet pressure of the cathode and anode was set at 100 kPa.
Preferably, said T of step (C)2The temperature is 28 to 35 ℃, for example, 28 ℃, 30 ℃, 31 ℃, 32 ℃, 33 ℃ or 35 ℃, preferably 30 ℃.
Preferably, V is the same as V in step (F) and step (G)2250 to 350mV, such as 250mV, 260mV, 265mV, 280mV, 290mV, 300mV, 320mV,335mV or 350mV, etc., V2The setting of (b) is preferably in the above range, more preferably 300mV, because it is empirically determined that an excessively high potential affects the life of the stack and is as low as possible in a short time.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention provides a universal startup and shutdown method for a fuel cell stack to perform bench test, which avoids negative effects on the fuel cell stack caused by improper startup and shutdown operations in the test process when the fuel cell stack is developed in the early stage and tested in the later stage matched with other components of a system according to the set value, the threshold value and the nested flow specified by the invention, and ensures the normal power output of the fuel cell.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the fuel cell stack bench test start-up procedure of the present invention
Fig. 2 is a flow chart of the fuel cell stack bench test shutdown of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further explained by the specific implementation mode in combination with the attached drawings.
The embodiment of the invention provides a method for testing the startup and shutdown of a fuel cell stack rack, which comprises an independent startup method and a shutdown method, wherein the startup method comprises the following steps:
(1) controlling the temperature of the fuel cell stack, wherein the inlet temperature of the cooling liquid is set to be 30 ℃, and the flow of the cooling liquid is set to be the minimum flow;
(2) respectively carrying out nitrogen purging on the cathode and the anode of the fuel cell, wherein the nitrogen flow is set as the minimum flow;
(3) setting the inlet temperature of the cooling liquid to a nominal temperature, independently setting the gas inlet temperature of the cathode and the anode of the fuel cell stack to be 5-10 ℃ higher than the inlet temperature of the nominal cooling liquid, and independently setting the dew point temperature of the cathode and the anode of the fuel cell to be 10-15 ℃ lower than the inlet temperature of the nominal cooling liquid;
(4) when the temperature of the cooling liquid inlet of the fuel cell stack is increased to be more than or equal to the set temperature T1Fuel electricityIntroducing reaction gas into the cathode and anode of the cell at minimum flow respectively until the open-circuit voltage of the minimum single cell is greater than or equal to a set voltage V1Increasing the load to a current density of 0.1A/cm2；
(5) When the temperature of the cooling liquid inlet is more than or equal to the dew point temperature of the cathode and the anode of the fuel cell, the flow and the pressure of the reaction gas are increased to corresponding nominal values, and the load is gradually increased to the nominal current density;
(6) and judging the relation between the inlet temperature of the cooling liquid and the dew point temperature of the cathode and the anode of the fuel cell, waiting for the temperature of the fuel cell stack to rise if the inlet temperature of the cooling liquid is less than the dew point temperature of the cathode and the anode of the fuel cell, and ending the starting process if the inlet temperature of the cooling liquid is more than or equal to the dew point temperature.
The shutdown method comprises the following steps:
(A) firstly, the load is reduced to a current density of 0.1A/cm2Reducing the flow of the cathode and anode reactants of the fuel cell to the minimum flow;
(B) reducing the pressure of the fuel cell stack to normal pressure;
(C) the load is again reduced to a current density of 0.05A/cm2Closing the humidifier, setting the temperature of a cooling liquid inlet to be 30 ℃, and reducing the temperature of the humidifier to be below 30 ℃;
(D) stopping the supply of the reaction gas, setting the minimum flow rate of the cathode and the anode, and purging nitrogen to keep the minimum load of 0.01A/cm2；
(E) Keeping the lowest load operation;
(F) if the minimum single cell voltage is less than 300mV, closing the fuel cell stack load; if the minimum single cell voltage is more than or equal to 300mV, continuing to execute the step (E) to keep the lowest load operation;
(G) after the load of the fuel cell stack is closed, if the minimum single cell voltage is less than 300mV, the next step is carried out; if the minimum single cell voltage is more than or equal to 300mV, continuing to execute the step (E) to keep the lowest load operation;
(H) and stopping nitrogen purging, stopping temperature control of the galvanic pile, stopping supply of cooling liquid and closing the test bench.
The invention adopts NM5 model galvanic pile of El bell company, Germany, and the manufacturer recommends that the temperature of the cooling liquid is 70-85 ℃, the pressure of the gas is 0-150 kpa g, and the temperature of the gas inlet is 70-85 ℃.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a fuel cell stack bench test startup and shutdown method, which comprises a separate startup method and a separate shutdown method, wherein the startup method comprises the following steps:
the starting-up method flow is as shown in fig. 1, firstly, the temperature of the galvanic pile is controlled, the inlet temperature of the cooling liquid is set to be 30 ℃, and the flow of the cooling liquid is set to be the minimum flow;
carrying out nitrogen purging on the cathode and the anode, wherein the flow is set as the minimum flow;
the coolant inlet temperature was increased to 75 c, which is the manufacturer's recommended coolant inlet temperature (i.e., the nominal stack coolant inlet temperature), and the stack cathode and anode gas inlet temperature was set to 5 c (i.e., 80 c) above the stack nominal coolant inlet temperature. To avoid condensation, the dew point temperature is set 10 ℃ (i.e., 65 ℃) below the nominal stack coolant inlet temperature.
And introducing the inlet temperature of the cooling liquid under the first judgment condition, and waiting for the temperature rise of the galvanic pile if the inlet temperature of the cooling liquid of the galvanic pile is less than 45 ℃. And if the temperature of the inlet of the galvanic pile cooling liquid is higher than or equal to 45 ℃, carrying out the next step, and starting to introduce the reaction gas with the minimum flow. Introducing a second judgment condition, namely the minimum single cell open-circuit voltage, waiting for the open-circuit voltage to rise if the minimum single cell open-circuit voltage is less than 0.9V, and gradually increasing the load until the current density is 0.1A/cm if the minimum single cell open-circuit voltage is more than or equal to 0.9V2. And introducing a third judgment condition of numerical relation between the inlet temperature of the cooling liquid and the dew point temperature, waiting for the temperature of the galvanic pile to rise if the inlet temperature of the cooling liquid is less than the dew point temperature, and starting to increase the flow and the pressure of the reaction gas to the flow and the pressure recommended by a galvanic pile manufacturer (the pressure increase step length is 20kPa) if the inlet temperature of the cooling liquid is more than or equal to the dew point temperature. And gradually increasing the load to the load corresponding to the flow recommended by the manufacturer. And judging the numerical relationship between the coolant inlet temperature and the dew point temperature again, waiting for the temperature of the galvanic pile to rise if the coolant inlet temperature is less than the dew point temperature, and ending the starting-up process if the coolant inlet temperature is more than or equal to the dew point temperature.
The shutdown method comprises the following steps:
the shutdown method is as shown in FIG. 2, and the load is first reduced to a current density of 0.1A/cm2And reducing the flow of cathode and anode reactants to the minimum flow, setting the inlet pressure of the cathode and the anode to be 100kPa, and reducing the pressure of the galvanic pile to the normal pressure. The load is again reduced to a current density of 0.05A/cm2And closing the humidifier until the temperature of the humidifier is reduced to 30 ℃, and setting the temperature of the cooling liquid inlet to be 30 ℃. Stopping the supply of the reaction gas, setting the minimum flow rate of the cathode and the anode, and purging nitrogen to keep the minimum load of 0.01A/cm2。
Introducing a first judgment condition of minimum single cell voltage, continuously keeping the minimum load if the minimum single cell voltage is more than or equal to 300mV, closing the stack load if the minimum single cell voltage is less than 300mV, and setting the load to be 0A/cm2. This step is intended to consume the remaining reactants with minimal load. Judging the minimum single cell voltage again, and increasing the minimum load to be 0.01A/cm again if the minimum single cell voltage is more than or equal to 300mV2If the minimum cell voltage is less than 300mV, the nitrogen purging is stopped, and the cathode and anode nitrogen flow rates are set as follows. And then the cooling water supply is closed, the cooling water flow is set to be 0, the test bench is closed, and the shutdown is finished.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a fuel cell stack bench test startup and shutdown method, which comprises a separate startup method and a separate shutdown method, wherein the startup method comprises the following steps:
the starting-up method flow is as shown in fig. 1, firstly, the temperature of the galvanic pile is controlled, the inlet temperature of the cooling liquid is set to be 30 ℃, and the flow of the cooling liquid is set to be the minimum flow;
carrying out nitrogen purging on the cathode and the anode, wherein the flow is set as the minimum flow;
the coolant inlet temperature was increased to 73 c, which is the manufacturer's recommended coolant inlet temperature (i.e., the stack nominal coolant inlet temperature), and the stack cathode and anode gas inlet temperature was set to 7 c (i.e., 80 c) above the stack nominal coolant inlet temperature. To avoid condensation, the dew point temperature is set 7 deg.C (i.e., 66 deg.C) below the nominal stack coolant inlet temperature.
And introducing the inlet temperature of the cooling liquid under the first judgment condition, and waiting for the temperature rise of the galvanic pile if the inlet temperature of the cooling liquid of the galvanic pile is less than 40 ℃. And if the temperature of the inlet of the galvanic pile cooling liquid is more than or equal to 40 ℃, performing the next step, and starting to introduce the reaction gas with the minimum flow. Introducing a second judgment condition, namely the minimum single cell open-circuit voltage, waiting for the open-circuit voltage to rise if the minimum single cell open-circuit voltage is less than 1.0V, and gradually increasing the load until the current density is 0.25A/cm if the minimum single cell open-circuit voltage is more than or equal to 1.0V2. And introducing a third judgment condition of numerical relation between the inlet temperature of the cooling liquid and the dew point temperature, waiting for the temperature of the galvanic pile to rise if the inlet temperature of the cooling liquid is less than the dew point temperature, and starting to increase the flow and the pressure of the reaction gas to the flow and the pressure recommended by a galvanic pile manufacturer (the pressure increase step length is 15kPa) if the inlet temperature of the cooling liquid is more than or equal to the dew point temperature. And gradually increasing the load to the load corresponding to the flow recommended by the manufacturer. And judging the numerical relationship between the coolant inlet temperature and the dew point temperature again, waiting for the temperature of the galvanic pile to rise if the coolant inlet temperature is less than the dew point temperature, and ending the starting-up process if the coolant inlet temperature is more than or equal to the dew point temperature.
The shutdown method comprises the following steps:
the shutdown method is as shown in FIG. 2, and the load is first reduced to a current density of 0.2A/cm2And reducing the flow of cathode and anode reactants to the minimum flow, setting the inlet pressure of the cathode and the anode to be 100kPa, and reducing the pressure of the galvanic pile to the normal pressure. The load is again reduced to a current density of 0.05A/cm2And closing the humidifier until the temperature of the humidifier is reduced to 28 ℃, and setting the inlet temperature of the cooling liquid to be 28 ℃. Stopping the supply of the reaction gas, setting the minimum flow rate of the cathode and the anode, and purging nitrogen to keep the minimum load of 0.01A/cm2。
Introducing a first judgment condition of minimum single cell voltage, if the minimum single cell voltage is more than or equal to 275mV, continuously keeping the minimum load, if the minimum single cell voltage is less than 275mV, closing the electric pile load, and setting the load to be 0A/cm2. This step is intended to consume the remaining reactants with minimal load. Judging the minimum single cell voltage again, and increasing the minimum load to be 0.01A/cm again if the minimum single cell voltage is more than or equal to 275mV2If the minimum single currentAnd stopping nitrogen purging when the cell voltage is less than 275mV, and setting the nitrogen flow of the cathode and the anode to be equal. And then the cooling water supply is closed, the cooling water flow is set to be 0, the test bench is closed, and the shutdown is finished.
The applicant states that the present invention is illustrated in detail by the above examples, but the present invention is not limited to the above detailed methods, i.e. it is not meant that the present invention must rely on the above detailed methods for its implementation. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that any modification of the present invention, equivalent substitutions of the raw materials of the product of the present invention, addition of auxiliary components, selection of specific modes, etc., are within the scope and disclosure of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A fuel cell stack bench test startup and shutdown method comprises an independent startup method and a shutdown method, and is characterized in that the startup method comprises the following steps:
(1) controlling the temperature of the fuel cell stack, wherein the inlet temperature of the cooling liquid is set to be 28-35 ℃, and the flow rate of the cooling liquid is set to be the minimum flow rate;
(2) respectively carrying out nitrogen purging on the cathode and the anode of the fuel cell, wherein the nitrogen flow is set as the minimum flow;
(3) setting the inlet temperature of the cooling liquid to a nominal temperature, independently setting the gas inlet temperature of the cathode and the anode of the fuel cell stack to be 5-10 ℃ higher than the inlet temperature of the nominal cooling liquid, and independently setting the dew point temperature of the cathode and the anode of the fuel cell to be 5-10 ℃ lower than the inlet temperature of the nominal cooling liquid;
(4) when the temperature of the cooling liquid inlet of the fuel cell stack is increased to be more than or equal to the set temperature T1Introducing reaction gas into the cathode and anode of the fuel cell at minimum flow rate until the open-circuit voltage of the minimum single cell is greater than or equal to a set voltage V1Increasing the load to a current density of 0.1-0.5A/cm2；
(5) When the temperature of the cooling liquid inlet is more than or equal to the dew point temperature of the cathode and the anode of the fuel cell, the flow and the pressure of the reaction gas are increased to corresponding nominal values, and the load is gradually increased to the nominal current density;
(6) and judging the relation between the inlet temperature of the cooling liquid and the dew point temperature of the cathode and the anode of the fuel cell, waiting for the temperature of the fuel cell stack to rise if the inlet temperature of the cooling liquid is less than the dew point temperature of the cathode and the anode of the fuel cell, and ending the starting process if the inlet temperature of the cooling liquid is more than or equal to the dew point temperature.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the stage is connected to the fuel cell by an electrical connection or a gas-liquid line, and wherein the gas supply, temperature, pressure and flow rate of the fuel cell stack are controlled by the stage.
3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein in step (1), the gas inlet temperature of the cathode and anode of the fuel cell stack is set to be 5 ℃ higher than the nominal coolant inlet temperature, and the dew point temperature of the cathode and anode is set to be 10 ℃ lower than the nominal coolant inlet temperature.
4. The method according to any one of claims 1-3, wherein step (4) comprises:
introducing a first judgment condition to the inlet temperature of the cooling liquid, if the inlet temperature of the cooling liquid of the fuel cell stack is less than T1Waiting for the temperature of the galvanic pile to rise; if the inlet temperature of the fuel cell stack cooling liquid is more than or equal to T1Then the cathode and the anode of the fuel cell are respectively introduced with reaction gas at the minimum flow rate;
continuously introducing a second judgment condition of minimum single cell open-circuit voltage if the minimum single cell open-circuit voltage is less than V1Waiting for the open-circuit voltage to rise, and if the open-circuit voltage is greater than or equal to V1Gradually increasing the load to a current density of 0.1-0.5A/cm2Preferably 0.1A/cm2。
5. Method according to any of claims 1-4, characterized in that the temperature T is set1The temperature is 40-50 ℃, and preferably 45 ℃;
preferably, the voltage V is set170-80% of the reversible voltage of the fuel cell under the standard condition.
6. The method according to any one of claims 1-3, wherein step (5) comprises:
and introducing a numerical relation between the inlet temperature of the cooling liquid and the dew point temperature of the cathode and the anode of the fuel cell under a third judgment condition, waiting for the temperature of the galvanic pile to rise if the inlet temperature of the cooling liquid is less than the dew point temperature, and starting to increase the flow and the pressure of the reaction gas to the nominal flow and pressure if the inlet temperature of the cooling liquid is more than or equal to the dew point temperature.
7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein step (5) is carried out by increasing the flow rate of the reaction gas to a nominal flow rate and then increasing the pressure to a nominal pressure;
preferably, said step (5) of gradually increasing the load to the nominal current density is performed by: increasing the current density to the nominal current density.
8. A method according to claim 7, characterized in that the pressure increase step is not more than 20kPa, preferably 10-15 kPa.
9. The method according to any of claims 1-8, wherein the shutdown method comprises:
(A) firstly, the load is reduced to a current density of 0.1-0.5A/cm2Reducing the flow of the cathode and anode reactants of the fuel cell to the minimum flow;
(B) reducing the pressure of the fuel cell stack to normal pressure;
(C) the load is again reduced to a current density of 0.05A/cm2Closing the humidifier and setting the inlet temperature of the cooling liquid to be T2When the temperature of the humidifier is reduced to T2The following;
(D) stopping the supply of the reaction gas, setting the minimum flow rate of the cathode and the anode, and purging nitrogen to keep the minimum load of 0.01A/cm2；
(E) Keeping the lowest load operation;
(F) if the minimum cell voltage is less than V2Closing the fuel cell stack load; if the minimum single cell voltage is more than or equal to 300mV, continuing to execute the step (E) to keep the lowest load operation；
(G) If the minimum single cell voltage is less than V after the load of the fuel cell stack is closed2Then carrying out the next step; if the minimum cell voltage is greater than or equal to V2Continuing to execute the step (E) to keep the lowest load operation;
(H) and stopping nitrogen purging, stopping temperature control of the galvanic pile, stopping supply of cooling liquid and closing the test bench.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein step (B) is performed by: setting the inlet pressure of the cathode and the anode to be 100 kPa;
preferably, said T of step (C)2Is 28-35 ℃, preferably 30 ℃;
preferably, V is the same as V in step (F) and step (G)2Is 250 to 350mV, preferably 300 mV.
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