CN116657307A - 一种复合型苎麻面料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种复合型苎麻面料及其制备方法,属于织物制备技术领域;复合型苎麻面料包括苎麻纤维、改性涤纶纤维、活性碳纤维、棉纤维、竹纤维和羊毛纤维;改性涤纶由涤纶依次经碱减量、壳聚糖浸渍并干燥所得;复合型苎麻面料的制备方法为:S1纺纱:通过混合、梳棉、并条、粗纱和细纱工序,将苎麻纤维、改性涤纶纤维和活性碳纤维混纺成经纱,将棉纤维、竹纤维和羊毛纤维混纺成纬纱;S2织造:通过络筒、整经、浆纱、织造工序,将经纱和纬纱织造成坯布;S3整理:将坯布进行烧毛、退浆煮练、柔软、预缩、预定型制成复合型苎麻面料;本发明面料具有优异的弹性、吸湿性、抗皱性、柔软性、抗静电性能以及易于染色等特性。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及织物制备技术领域,特别是一种复合型苎麻面料及其制备方法。
背景技术
苎麻作为“中国草”,是一种多旱生、环保抗虫害的纤维作物。苎麻纤维是纯天然纤维,其吸湿透气性是棉纤维的3-5倍左右,同时含有叮咛、嘧啶、嘌呤等有益元素,具有抑菌、透气、凉爽、防腐、防霉、吸汗等功能,是世界公认的“天然纤维之王”。我国苎麻产量占世界产量的90%以上,其纤维生产的面料具有强力高、耐穿、耐磨,更是具有其他纤维不具备的超强透气、透湿性能、快干的凉爽性能,特别适合用于在炎热的夏季、温湿度明显高于人体热量交换的日子。
然而,苎麻纤维柔软度、弹性、以及抗皱性均较差,在实际使用时具有一定的局限性。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术的不足,提供一种复合型苎麻面料及其制备方法,该复合型苎麻面料通过将苎麻纤维、改性涤纶纤维、活性碳纤维、棉纤维、竹纤维和羊毛纤维经纺纱、织造、整理等工艺制成,制得的面料具有优异的弹性、吸湿性、抗皱性、柔软性以及抗静电性能,有效克服由单一的苎麻纤维制得的面料的缺陷。
本发明的技术目的是通过以下技术方案得以实现的:
一种复合型苎麻面料,包括苎麻纤维、改性涤纶纤维、活性碳纤维、棉纤维、竹纤维和羊毛纤维;
所述改性涤纶由涤纶依次经碱减量、壳聚糖浸渍并干燥所得。
作为本申请的一些可实施方式,所述面料中各组分的重量份数为:40-50份苎麻纤维、20-30份改性涤纶纤维、5-10份活性碳纤维、10-20份棉纤维、10-20份%竹纤维和5-10份羊毛纤维。
作为本申请的一些可实施方式,所述面料中各组分的重量份数为:43-48份苎麻纤维、22-28份改性涤纶纤维、6-9份活性碳纤维、13-17份纤维、12-18份竹纤维和6-8份羊毛纤维。
作为本申请的一些可实施方式,所述面料中各组分的重量份数为:45份苎麻纤维、24份改性涤纶纤维、7份活性碳纤维、15份纤维、14份竹纤维和7份羊毛纤维。
作为本申请的一些可实施方式,改性涤纶纤维浸渍时,使用的壳聚糖的质量分数为0.7-0.8%,浸渍时间为5-7min。
此外,为实现上述目的,本发明还提供了一种复合型苎麻面料的制备方法,
包括如下步骤:
S1通过混合、梳棉、并条、粗纱和细纱工序,将所述苎麻纤维、改性涤纶纤维和活性碳纤维混纺成经纱,将所述棉纤维、竹纤维和羊毛纤维混纺成纬纱;
S2通过络筒、整经、浆纱、织造工序,将所述经纱和纬纱织造成坯布;
S3将所述坯布进行烧毛、退浆煮练、柔软、预缩、预定型制成复合型苎麻面料。
作为本申请的一些可实施方式,经纬纱支为20*16;经纬密度为150*100;斜纹。
作为本申请的一些可实施方式,所述棉纤维为经过丝光和碱缩处理后的棉纤维。
相较现有技术,本发明的有益效果是:
本发明通过将苎麻纤维、改性涤纶纤维、活性碳纤维、棉纤维、竹纤维以及羊毛纤维经纺纱、织造、整理等工艺制成复合型苎麻面料,制得的面料具有优异的弹性、吸湿性、抗皱性、柔软性、抗静电性能以及易于染色等特性,有效克服由单一的苎麻纤维制得的面料的缺陷。
具体实施方式
下面将对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本申请的一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本申请保护的范围。
由单一的苎麻纤维生产的面料具有强力高、耐穿、耐磨、超强透气、透湿性能、快干的凉爽性能,特别适合用于在炎热的夏季、温湿度明显高于人体热量交换的日子,但是因苎麻纤维柔软度、弹性、以及抗皱性均较差,仅用其制备面料时,会导致面料具有柔软度、弹性、以及抗皱性均较差的问题,在实际使用时具有一定的局限性。
基于此,本发明提供了一种复合型苎麻面料及其制备方法,包括如下步骤:
一种复合型苎麻面料,包括苎麻纤维、改性涤纶纤维、活性碳纤维、棉纤维、竹纤维和羊毛纤维;
所述改性涤纶由涤纶依次经碱减量、壳聚糖浸渍并干燥所得。
上述方案中,苎麻纤维柔软度、弹性、以及抗皱性均较差等,若将其直接制备为苎麻面料,则这些缺陷依然存在。为了克服上述缺陷,在苎麻纤维的基础上,加入涤纶纤维,涤纶纤维的弹性、强度和耐磨性均较好,通过将其和苎麻混纺制备的面料牢度高、挺括、不易变形,耐皱性强、弹性强、耐弱酸及弱碱,能够有效克服单一的苎麻面料具有的弹性差以及抗皱性差的缺陷;但是,涤纶纤维具有低吸湿性以及易产生静电等问题,即使与苎麻复配,难以有效克服该技术问题,在此基础上,进一步加入了活性碳纤维以及将涤纶纤维依次进行碱减量以及浸渍壳聚糖处理,活性碳纤维具有导电性能,能够避免静电积累,能够使复配后的面料具有一定的抗静电性能;通过将涤纶纤维经碱减量处理,能够使涤纶纤维在强碱性条件下部分酯键发生水解反应,在涤纶纤维表面形成许多凹坑,并在涤纶纤维分子上产生一定量的羧基,这些凹坑和羧基能够使壳聚糖分子通过氢键及范德华力嵌附在涤纶纤维上,并与涤纶纤维分子发生化学反应生成共价键,以使得复配后的面料在活性碳纤维以及壳聚糖的共同作用下获得永久的抗静电效果;此外,因涤纶纤维上负载大量的改性壳聚糖,改性壳聚糖中的大量羟基和氨基等强极性基团,能够有效提高涤纶面料的吸湿性,进而改善涤纶纤维的透湿性差的问题。进一步的,壳聚糖中的羟基、氨基等基团会与活性碳纤维中羧基、氨基等基团产生氢键,使活性碳纤维与其它纤维之间形成有效的界面耦合作用,提高界面强度,还能够因氢键作用,有效改善加入活性碳纤维导致复配面料难以染色的问题;进一步的,在壳聚糖改善染色难的基础上,加入透气、柔软且易染色的棉纤维,能够进一步克服复配面料难以染色的缺陷。
此外,因涤纶纤维浸渍壳聚糖后,其弹性作用有一定的降低,导致复配面料的弹性改善效果欠佳,在此基础上,加入竹纤维和羊毛纤维,竹纤维为中空纤维,弹力十足、还具有吸湿透气、抑菌抗菌、柔软等优点;羊毛纤维柔软而富有弹性,通过竹纤维和羊毛纤维的共同作用,能够有效克服涤纶纤维弹力降低以及苎麻纤维柔软度差的技术问题。
此外,因霉菌等微生物对棉纤维有破坏作用,通过苎麻纤维和竹纤维等的抑菌作用,能够有效抑制霉菌等微生物的生物活性,降低其对棉纤维的破坏,进一步的,因活性碳纤维具有丰富的孔隙结构,能够对微生物或者细菌等产生极强的吸附作用,能够减少微生物或者细菌在面料表面的聚积,进而能够在面料表面形成一层细菌生物膜,其能够与苎麻纤维和竹纤维共同发挥去除霉菌等微生物的作用。
此外,涤纶纤维碱减量时,使用的NaOH溶液的质量分数为10%、温度为90℃、浴比1∶50、处理时间为60min、然后100℃下干燥5min;浸渍后干燥温度为80℃,干燥时间为10min。
通过将苎麻纤维、改性涤纶、活性碳纤维、棉纤维、竹纤维和羊毛纤维混纺,能够使制得的面料具有优异的弹性、吸湿性、抗皱性、柔软性以及抗静电性能,有效克服由单一的苎麻纤维制得的面料的缺陷。
为了进一步提高复合型苎麻面料的柔软度、弹性、以及抗皱性等优异性能,作为本申请的一些可实施方式,对所述复合型苎麻面料各组分的用量作出了限定,即所述复合型苎麻面料中各组分的重量份数为:40-50份苎麻纤维、20-30份改性涤纶纤维、5-10份活性碳纤维、10-20份棉纤维、10-20份%竹纤维和5-10份羊毛纤维。
为了进一步提高复合型苎麻面料的柔软度、弹性、以及抗皱性等优异性能,作为本申请的一些可实施方式,对所述复合型苎麻面料各组分的用量作出了限定,即所述复合型苎麻面料中各组分的重量份数为:43-48份苎麻纤维、22-28份改性涤纶纤维、6-9份活性碳纤维、13-17份纤维、12-18份竹纤维和6-8份羊毛纤维。
为了进一步提高复合型苎麻面料的柔软度、弹性、以及抗皱性等优异性能,作为本申请的一些可实施方式,对所述复合型苎麻面料各组分的用量作出了限定,即所述复合型苎麻面料中各组分的重量份数为:45份苎麻纤维、24份改性涤纶纤维、7份活性碳纤维、15份纤维、14份竹纤维和7份羊毛纤维。
为了进一步提高复合型苎麻面料的抗静电性,作为本申请的一些可实施方式,对改性涤纶纤维的浸渍参数作出了进一步限定,即改性涤纶纤维浸渍时,使用的壳聚糖的质量分数为0.7-0.8%,浸渍时间为5-7min。本方案中,浸渍时间和壳聚糖的浓度能够对改性涤纶纤维的抗静电能力具有决定性作用,通过限定壳聚糖的浓度以及浸渍时间,能够极大程度提高抗静电性能。此外,在浸渍时,还需添加0.3-0.5%的柠檬酸作为交联剂,添加0.7-0.8%的醋酸钠作为催化剂。
此外,为实现上述目的,本发明还提供了一种复合型苎麻面料的制备方法,
包括如下步骤:
S1纺纱:通过混合、梳棉、并条、粗纱和细纱工序,将所述苎麻纤维、改性涤纶纤维和活性碳纤维混纺成经纱,将所述棉纤维、竹纤维和羊毛纤维混纺成纬纱;
S2织造:通过络筒、整经、浆纱、织造工序,将所述经纱和纬纱织造成坯布;
S3整理:将所述坯布进行烧毛、退浆煮练、柔软、预缩、预定型制成复合型苎麻面料。
上述方案中,纺纱、织造以及整理步骤均为常规方法,本发明通过限定经线和纬线的组分,能够进一步提高复合型苎麻面料的柔软度、弹性、以及抗皱性等优异性能。
为了进一步提高复合型苎麻面料的柔软度、弹性、以及抗皱性等优异性能,作为本申请的一些可实施方式,对经纬线以及织造的相关工艺进行了限定,即经纬纱支为20*16;经纬密度为150*100;斜纹。
为了进一步提高复合型苎麻面料的柔软度、弹性、以及抗皱性等优异性能,作为本申请的一些可实施方式,对经纬线以及织造的相关工艺进行了限定,即所述棉纤维为经过丝光和碱缩处理后的棉纤维。
因酸可导致纤维素分解,因此棉纤维耐碱不耐酸,但对碱的抵抗能力较大,会引起横向膨化,通过对棉织物进行丝光和碱缩处理,能够提高棉纤维的光泽、强度,吸色能力、染色、弹性等性能。具体的,丝光和碱缩处理工艺均为现有技术,具体的,丝光是在常温或低温下浸入浓度为18%~25%的氢氧化纳溶液中,此时棉纤维直径膨胀,长度缩短,若施加外力,限制其收缩,则可产生强烈的光泽,增加其强度、吸色能力以及染色印花能力等;碱缩则为在烧碱溶液中,若棉织物不施加张力,任其收缩,能使织物紧密、丰厚、富有弹性、保形性好,此过程称为碱缩。
下面结合具体实施例,对本发明中的复合型苎麻面料的具体制备方法进行详细说明。
实施例1
S1纺纱:通过混合、梳棉、并条、粗纱和细纱工序,将50份苎麻纤维、22份改性涤纶纤维和30份活性碳纤维混纺成经纱,将19份棉纤维、12份竹纤维和10份羊毛纤维混纺成纬纱;
S2织造:通过络筒、整经、浆纱、织造工序,将所述经纱和纬纱织造成坯布;其中,经纬纱支为20*16;经纬密度为150*100;斜纹。
S3整理:将所述坯布进行烧毛、退浆煮练、柔软、预缩、预定型制成复合型苎麻面料。
实施例2
S1纺纱:通过混合、梳棉、并条、粗纱和细纱工序,将43份苎麻纤维、28份改性涤纶纤维和9份活性碳纤维混纺成经纱,将14份棉纤维、18份竹纤维和6份羊毛纤维混纺成纬纱;
S2织造:通过络筒、整经、浆纱、织造工序,将所述经纱和纬纱织造成坯布;其中,经纬纱支为20*16;经纬密度为150*100;斜纹。
S3整理:将所述坯布进行烧毛、退浆煮练、柔软、预缩、预定型制成复合型苎麻面料。
实施例3
S1纺纱:通过混合、梳棉、并条、粗纱和细纱工序,将45份苎麻纤维、24份改性涤纶纤维和7份活性碳纤维混纺成经纱,将15份棉纤维、14份竹纤维和7份羊毛纤维混纺成纬纱;
S2织造:通过络筒、整经、浆纱、织造工序,将所述经纱和纬纱织造成坯布;其中,经纬纱支为20*16;经纬密度为150*100;斜纹。
S3整理:将所述坯布进行烧毛、退浆煮练、柔软、预缩、预定型制成复合型苎麻面料。
值得说明的是,实施例1-3中的纺纱、织造以及整理均为常规工艺,并非本发明的创造点,在此,不进行赘述。
对比例1
相较实施例3,经纱和纬纱的组分用量进行了更改,更改后的用量如下:
经纱:45份苎麻纤维、10份改性涤纶纤维和7份活性碳纤维;
纬纱:5份棉纤维、14份竹纤维和7份羊毛纤维;
其余步骤及参数同实施例3。
对比例2
相较实施例3,经纱和纬纱的组分进行了更改,更改后的组分如下:
经纱:45份苎麻纤维和7份活性碳纤维;
纬纱:15份棉纤维、14份竹纤维和7份羊毛纤维;
其余步骤及参数同实施例3。
对比例3
相较实施例3,将改性涤纶纤维更改为涤纶纤维,其余参数和步骤同实施例3。
实验例
对上述实施例1-3和对比例1-3中制得的复合型苎麻面料面料进行透湿性、抗静电性能以及弹性检测,
其中透湿性参照GB/T12704.1-2009《纺织品织物透湿性试验方法》第一部分:吸湿法进行检测;
抗静电性能参照GB/T12703-1991《面料品静电测试方法》中的电荷面密度法进行检测;检测时为水洗30次后的检测数据;
弹性检测参照FZ/T 01034-2008《机织物拉伸弹性试验方法》;注:本发明测试的弹性回复率为沿苎麻纤维轴向的弹性回复率。
以上测试结果如表1所示:
通过表1可知:实施例1-3中的透湿性、电荷面密度以及弹性回复率均位于国标范围内,且优于国标,由此体现出实施例1-3中的面料的透湿性、抗静电性能以及弹性均优异;对比例1中降低了改性涤纶纤维和棉纤维的用量,其透湿性得以增强、但是抗静电性能以及弹性较实施例1-3差;对比例2中未加入改性涤纶纤维,其透湿性得以增强、但是抗静电性能以及弹性较实施例1-3差;对比例3中将改性涤纶纤维改为了涤纶纤维,虽然其弹性有所增强,但是其透湿性以及抗静电性能均较实施例1-3差,且抗静电性能还低于织物标准的7μC/m2。由此可知,实施例1-3中的面料各项性能均较优异,而对比例1-3中的性能部分优异、部分差,整体来说性能并不稳定。
此外,实施例1-3中的面料易于染色,而对比例1中的面料因降低了负载壳聚糖的改性涤纶纤维以及棉纤维的用量,导致其染色性能较差;对比例2中的面料因未添加改性涤纶纤维,染色性能依然较差,对比例3中将改性涤纶纤维改为涤纶纤维后,其未负载壳聚糖,导致其与活性碳纤维间的作用力降低,即使添加了易于染色的棉纤维,但是面料染色效果依然较实施例1-3差。
以上仅是本发明的优选实施方式,应当理解本发明并非局限于本文所披露的形式,不应看作是对其他实施例的排除,而可用于各种其他组合、修改和环境,并能够在本文构想范围内,通过上述教导或相关领域的技术或知识进行改动。而本领域人员所进行的改动和变化不脱离本发明的精神和范围,则都应在本发明所附权利要求的保护范围内。
Claims (8)
1.一种复合型苎麻面料,其特征在于,包括苎麻纤维、改性涤纶纤维、活性碳纤维、棉纤维、竹纤维和羊毛纤维;
所述改性涤纶由涤纶依次经碱减量、壳聚糖浸渍并干燥所得。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种复合型苎麻面料,其特征在于,所述面料中各组分的重量份数为:40-50份苎麻纤维、20-30份改性涤纶纤维、5-10份活性碳纤维、10-20份棉纤维、10-20竹纤维和5-10份羊毛纤维。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种复合型苎麻面料,其特征在于,所述面料中各组分的重量份数为:43-48份苎麻纤维、22-28份改性涤纶纤维、6-9份活性碳纤维、13-17份纤维、12-18份竹纤维和6-8份羊毛纤维。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种复合型苎麻面料,其特征在于,所述面料中各组分的重量份数为:45份苎麻纤维、24份改性涤纶纤维、7份活性碳纤维、15份纤维、14份竹纤维和7份羊毛纤维。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种复合型苎麻面料,其特征在于,改性涤纶纤维浸渍时,使用的壳聚糖的质量分数为0.7-0.8%,浸渍时间为5-7min。
6.根据权利要求1-5任一项所述的一种复合型苎麻面料的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
S1纺纱:通过混合、梳棉、并条、粗纱和细纱工序,将所述苎麻纤维、改性涤纶纤维和活性碳纤维混纺成经纱,将所述棉纤维、竹纤维和羊毛纤维混纺成纬纱;
S2织造:通过络筒、整经、浆纱、织造工序,将所述经纱和纬纱织造成坯布;
S3整理:将所述坯布进行烧毛、退浆煮练、柔软、预缩、预定型制成复合型苎麻面料。
7.根据权利要求6所述的一种复合型苎麻面料的制备方法,其特征在于,经纬纱支为20*16;经纬密度为150*100;斜纹。
8.根据权利要求6所述的一种复合型苎麻面料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述棉纤维为经过丝光和碱缩处理后的棉纤维。
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