CN116622677B - 一种伯克霍尔德氏菌脂肪酶突变体及其在全细胞生物催化合成甾醇酯中的应用 - Google Patents
一种伯克霍尔德氏菌脂肪酶突变体及其在全细胞生物催化合成甾醇酯中的应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种伯克霍尔德氏菌脂肪酶突变体及其在全细胞生物催化合成甾醇酯中的应用。所述伯克霍尔德氏菌脂肪酶突变体的氨基酸序列如SEQ ID NO.1所示,其编码基因如SEQ ID NO.2所示。该脂肪酶突变体催化活性较野生型脂肪酶LipA提高了10.24倍。采用溶胶‑凝胶法将该脂肪酶突变体制备成固定化全细胞脂肪酶催化合成甾醇酯,24小时转化率高达87.66%。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于生物技术和绿色化工技术领域,具体涉及一种伯克霍尔德氏菌脂肪酶突变体及其在全细胞生物催化合成甾醇酯中的应用。
背景技术
甾醇酯是一类广泛应用于食品加工的食品添加剂,可有效预防心血管疾病的发生。除此之外,甾醇酯还作为药物,具有抗炎症、抗氧化、抗癌症和促进生长发育等多种功能。
当前主要的甾醇酯合成工艺仍以化学合成工艺为主。化学合成常用的催化剂主要有:各种离子液(如:[HSO3-PMIM]HSO4;ChCl·2SnCl2等)及各种复合催化剂(如氧化镁-司班混合物;或碳酸氢钠-氧化锌混合物;或硫酸氢钾-氧化锌混合物;或N,N’-二环己基碳二亚胺、1-羟基苯甲酰基三唑和4-二甲基氨基吡啶混合物等)。
近年来,以酶催化为主的甾醇酯绿色合成工艺,得到较为广泛的关注。已报道的生物催化剂主要是一些商业化生产的真菌脂肪酶,如Candida antarctica脂肪酶B、Candidarugosa脂肪酶、Rhizopusdelemar脂肪酶、Aspergillusoryzae脂肪酶、Thermomyceslanuginosus脂肪酶等。细菌脂肪酶催化胆固醇酯合成反应的活性普遍偏低,仅有零星报道,如Streptomyces sp.脂肪酶等。此外,近年来陆续报道了一些微生物源胆固醇酯酶,如Ophiostomapiceae胆固醇酯酶、Trichoderma sp.AS59胆固醇酯酶、Cladosporiumsp.胆固醇酯酶、Burkholderia cepacia胆固醇酯酶、Burkholderia stabilis胆固醇酯酶和Pseudomonas fluorescens胆固醇酯酶等。上述胆固醇酯酶中,仅见Ophiostomapiceae胆固醇酯酶和Trichoderma sp.AS59胆固醇酯酶应用于甾醇酯合成中的报道。
化学催化合成甾醇酯工艺,具有反应速率快,催化剂价格相对低廉等优点,该类型合成工艺存在的问题主要包括:目标产物结构受催化剂性质及反应工艺(如较高的反应温度)影响较大(如不饱和键的断裂或还原等);目标产物后续分离工艺复杂等。此外,生产工艺还存在一定的安全性或环境问题。
目前报道的用于甾醇酯合成的生物催化剂主要是商业化生产的酶活相对较高的真菌源脂肪酶。上述脂肪酶制剂的生产,从脂肪酶的发酵生产、发酵液的超滤浓缩、目标脂肪酶的分离、到脂肪酶的固定化,生产工艺复杂,价格较高。细菌源脂肪酶因催化活性相对较低,鲜有使用。相较真菌而言,细菌生长周期短;遗传操作体系简单,易实现异源高效表达,因此开发全细胞细菌源脂肪酶应用于甾醇酯的合成,具有一定的积极意义。
发明内容
有鉴于此,本发明的目的在于提供一种伯克霍尔德氏菌脂肪酶突变体及其在全细胞生物催化合成甾醇酯中的应用。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用如下技术方案:
一种可高效催化甾醇酯化反应的伯克霍尔德氏菌脂肪酶突变体LipA-Leu287Ile,其氨基酸序列如SEQ ID NO.1所示。
上述一种伯克霍尔德氏菌脂肪酶突变体LipA-Leu287Ile的编码基因,其核苷酸序列如SEQ ID NO.2所示。
一种包含上述伯克霍尔德氏菌脂肪酶突变体LipA-Leu287Ile的编码基因的重组质粒,其是将伯克霍尔德氏菌脂肪酶突变体LipA-Leu287Ile的编码基因和伴侣蛋白编码基因lipB分别克隆到共表达载体pETDuet的多克隆位点2区域和多克隆位点1区域得到,所述伴侣蛋白编码基因lipB的核苷酸序列如SEQ ID NO.3所示。
一种含有上述伯克霍尔德氏菌脂肪酶突变体LipA-Leu287Ile的编码基因的转化子,其宿主菌为E.coli Origami 2(DE3)。
上述一种伯克霍尔德氏菌脂肪酶突变体LipA-Leu287Ile在全细胞生物催化合成甾醇酯中的应用。
一种全细胞生物催化合成甾醇酯的方法,其包括如下步骤:
1)以PEG1000为分散剂,硅烷试剂为前驱体,NaF为催化剂,采用溶胶-凝胶法包埋权利要求5所述的转化子,用ddH2O和丙酮洗涤,室温干燥,得到固定化全细胞脂肪酶;
2)向正己烷/离子液体两相体系中加入豆甾醇、油酸和固定化全细胞脂肪酶,于40℃、220rpm条件下反应24h,制得甾醇酯;
其中,所述硅烷试剂由甲基三甲氧基硅烷和苯基三甲氧基硅烷按摩尔比11:1组成;
所述正己烷/离子液体两相体系由正己烷和[Emim]Tf2N按体积比1:1组成。
本发明的显著优点在于:
(1)本发明伯克霍尔德菌脂肪酶突变体LipA-Leu287Ile催化甾醇酯合成活性高,较野生型LipA提高了10.24倍;
(2)本发明优化后的E.coli表达体系,可实现伯克霍尔德菌脂肪酶突变体LipA-Leu287Ile的高效可溶性表达,可溶性表达水平较优化前提高了35.86倍。
(3)本发明固定化全细胞脂肪酶制备工艺简单,可极大地降低酶法合成甾醇酯的生产成本。
(4)本发明优化后的固定化全细胞脂肪酶催化甾醇酯绿色合成工艺,转化效率高,反应时间短。
附图说明
图1:LipA-Leu287Ile蛋白质的3D结构及其突变氨基酸残基在蛋白质3D结构上的位置。
图2:Burkholderiasp.脂肪酶LipA系列突变体的比活力。
图3:重组表达质粒pETDuet-lipB/lipA-L287I及其基因表达盒。
图4:溶胶-凝胶包埋E.coli全细胞扫描电镜观察图。
图5:固定化全细胞脂肪酶催化甾醇酯合成反应产物气相色谱检测结果。1:豆甾醇(底物);2:丙酸胆固醇酯(内标);3:油酸豆甾醇酯(目标产物)。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明具体的实施例,对本发明技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1
1高胆固醇酯酶催化活性的伯克霍尔德菌脂肪酶突变体的构建
1-1LipA活性中心与甾醇酯互作氨基酸残基的定位分析
基于伯克霍尔德氏菌(Burkholderiasp)脂肪酶LipA的氨基酸序列,以同源蛋白的3D结构为模板(PDB数据库登录号:3LIP);利用SWISS-MODEL服务器构建伯克霍尔德氏菌脂肪酶LipA的3D结构。从TCMSP数据库中下载甾醇(本研究采用豆甾醇/胆固醇)的3D结构文件;利用AutoDock对接甾醇与LipA的3D分子结构;分析LipA分子活性中心中与甾醇酯互作的氨基酸残基。预测结果表明:LipA分子活性中心中包括Leu17、Tyr23、Val26、Leu27、Tyr29、Leu167、Leu266、Leu287、Ile290、Leu293等在内的氨基酸残基与甾醇酯存在互作作用。
1-2丙氨酸扫描突变库的构建和筛选
对上述经生物信息学预测出的LipA蛋白活性中心中与甾醇互作的氨基酸残基,分别利用基因工程技术,用丙氨酸替换上述氨基酸残基,构建上述互作氨基酸残基的丙氨酸扫描突变文库,并筛选出阳性突变体。
1-3定点饱和突变库的构建与筛选
通过前述实验最终筛选出四个关键位点Leu287、Leu266、Tyr23和Leu27,对脂肪酶LipA的胆固醇酯酶活性有重要影响;利用NNK简并密码子对上述位点进行定点饱和突变,构建饱和突变文库,并筛选阳性突变体。从上述突变文库中,最终筛选出最佳突变体LipA-Leu287Ile(图1),其催化豆甾醇酯化(油酸为酰基供体)的催化活性较野生型LipA提高了10.24倍(图2)。LipA-Leu287Ile的氨基酸序列及其对应的基因序列如SEQ ID NO.1和SEQ IDNO.2。
2lipA-Leu287Ile突变基因在E.coli中的异源高效可溶性表达由于重组伯克霍尔德菌脂肪酶LipA的正确折叠需要分子特定伴侣蛋白LipB的协助,因此lipA-Leu287Ile需与lipB在E.coli内共表达才能实现可溶性表达。同时重组伯克霍尔德菌脂肪酶LipA分子中存在二硫键,因此需要考虑选择有助二硫键形成的表达宿主菌或伴侣蛋白。在对lipA-Leu287Ile/lipB的拷贝数比例、lipA-Leu287Ile/lipB在共表达载体上的基因位置关系(lipA-Leu287Ile插入到共表达载体上的MCS1还是MCS2位点)、共表达载体的类型及组合(pACYADuet、pETDuet及其与pET28a的组合)、表达宿主菌株的类型(E.coli BL21(DE3)、E.coli Origami 2(DE3))、诱导表达条件(30℃或20℃)等因子进行系统考察并评估后(表1),最终选择:将LipA-Leu287Ile编码基因(SEQ ID NO.2)和伴侣蛋白编码基因lipB(SEQ IDNO.3)分别克隆到共表达载体pETDuet的多克隆位点2区域(MCS2)和多克隆位点1区域(MCS1),形成重组表达质粒pETDuet-lipB/lipA-L287I(图3);将重组表达质粒pETDuet-lipB/lipA-L287I转入宿主菌E.coli Origami 2(DE3),选取阳性转化子,获得重组E.coli工程菌;将重组E.coli工程菌于LB培养基中培养至OD600值为0.6-0.8,向其中加入诱导剂IPTG,使培养液中IPTG的浓度为1mmol/L,在20℃条件下诱导培养40h,获得诱导培养液。
表1Burkholderia sp.脂肪酶基因lipA-Leu287Ile不同重组表达系统及诱导温度下可溶性表达水平的差异性
3固定化全细胞伯克霍尔德菌脂肪酶LipA-Leu287Ile酶制剂的制备
上述诱导培养液8000rpm离心10min,收集菌体沉淀后用20mmol/L pH7.4的Na2HPO4-NaH2PO4缓冲溶液洗涤两次并重悬,重悬时Na2HPO4-NaH2PO4缓冲溶液与重组E.coli工程菌菌体湿细胞的比例为2.5:1v/m,得到重组E.coli工程菌重悬液。E.coli菌体全细胞固定化体系为:PEG1000终浓度1mg/mL,NaF终浓度57.5mmol/L,重组E.coli工程菌重悬液的用量由体系中水相的摩尔量与硅烷试剂的摩尔量比率决定;其中,硅烷试剂由11mmol甲基三甲氧基硅烷(MTMS)与1mmol苯基三甲氧基硅烷(PTMS)组成,PEG1000溶液、NaF溶液和重组E.coli工程菌重悬液的体积均计入水相的总体积,体系中水相的摩尔量与硅烷试剂的摩尔量比率为8:1。固定化反应由加入到反应体系中的NaF启动。NaF溶液一旦加入到反应体系中,装有反应混合物的塑料试管立即在涡旋仪上混匀30s,然后置于冰上预冷10min后凝胶形成。4℃下闭盖老化12h。用1mL ddH2O洗涤2次,8000rpm离心5min收集固体沉淀物;最后用1mL丙酮洗涤固体沉淀物两次,分别离心收集沉淀,室温下干燥,得到固定化全细胞伯克霍尔德菌脂肪酶LipA-Leu287Ile酶制剂。固定化重组E.coliOrigami 2(DE3)-pETDuet-B1A2*全细胞扫描电镜观察结果如图4。
4固定化全细胞脂肪酶催化合成甾醇酯甾醇酯的酶法合成体系具体如下:酯化反应在10mL的旋盖小瓶中进行,总反应体系总体积为2mL:正己烷/离子液体两相体系由正己烷与[Emim]Tf2N按体积比为1:1组成,向正己烷/离子液体两相体系中加入豆甾醇至终浓度为10mmol/L、加入油酸至终浓度为40mmol/L、并加入100mg固定化全细胞伯克霍尔德菌脂肪酶LipA-Leu287Ile酶制剂(含4.5mg干细胞)。在40℃条件下以220rpm反应24h。反应结束后将样品转移到离心管中,并用3mL正己烷萃取;萃取液经离心收集上层液体,利用正己烷进行适当稀释;取480μL稀释后的反应混合物加入20μL内标(10mmol/L丙酸胆固醇酯),利用气相色谱仪分析产物含量(图5),并计算转化率。甾醇酯转化率=甾醇酯的摩尔量/甾醇的摩尔量。利用该工艺催化合成的油酸豆甾醇酯,经24小时转化率可达到87.66%。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例,凡依本发明申请专利范围所做的均等变化与修饰,皆应属本发明的涵盖范围。
Claims (3)
1.一种可高效催化甾醇酯化反应的伯克霍尔德氏菌脂肪酶突变体LipA-Leu287Ile,其特征在于,其氨基酸序列如SEQ ID NO.1所示,其编码基因核苷酸序列如SEQ ID NO.2所示。
2.如权利要求1所述的伯克霍尔德氏菌脂肪酶突变体LipA-Leu287Ile在全细胞生物催化合成甾醇酯中的应用。
3.一种全细胞生物催化合成甾醇酯的方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
1)以PEG1000为分散剂,硅烷试剂为前驱体,NaF为催化剂,采用溶胶-凝胶法包埋伯克霍尔德氏菌脂肪酶突变体LipA-Leu287Ile的转化子,用ddH2O和丙酮洗涤,室温干燥,得到固定化全细胞脂肪酶;
2)向正己烷/离子液体两相体系中加入豆甾醇、油酸和固定化全细胞脂肪酶,于40℃、220rpm条件下反应24h,制得甾醇酯;
其中,所述步骤1)具体为:
1-1)将伯克霍尔德氏菌脂肪酶突变体LipA-Leu287Ile的编码基因和伴侣蛋白编码基因lipB分别克隆到共表达载体pETDuet的多克隆位点2区域和多克隆位点1区域,伯克霍尔德氏菌脂肪酶突变体LipA-Leu287Ile的编码基因核苷酸序列如SEQ ID NO.2所示,伴侣蛋白编码基因lipB核苷酸序列如SEQ ID NO.3所示,得到重组质粒;
1-2)将重组质粒转入宿主菌E.coli Origami 2(DE3),得到重组E.coli工程菌;将重组E.coli工程菌于LB培养基中培养至OD600值为0.6-0.8,加入IPTG在20℃条件下诱导培养40h,获得诱导培养液;将诱导培养液离心,收集菌体沉淀洗涤并重悬,得到质量体积比浓度为40%的重组E.coli工程菌重悬液;
1-3)全细胞固定化体系由硅烷试剂和水相混合形成,硅烷试剂由11mmol甲基三甲氧基硅烷与1mmol苯基三甲氧基硅烷组成,水相由PEG1000溶液、NaF溶液和重组E.coli工程菌重悬液组成,水相与硅烷试剂的摩尔量比率为8:1,全细胞固定化体系中PEG1000、NaF的终浓度分别为1mg/mL、57.5mmol/L;将装有全细胞固定化体系的塑料试管涡旋混匀30s,然后置于冰上预冷10min,以便于形成凝胶,再4℃闭盖老化12h,用ddH2O、丙酮洗涤后离心收集沉淀,室温干燥,得到固定化全细胞伯克霍尔德氏菌脂肪酶LipA-Leu287Ile酶制剂;
所述步骤2)具体为:
正己烷/离子液体两相体系由正己烷与[Emim]Tf2N按体积比为1:1组成,向正己烷/离子液体两相体系中加入豆甾醇至终浓度为10mmol/L、加入油酸至终浓度为40mmol/L、加入100mg固定化全细胞伯克霍尔德氏菌脂肪酶LipA-Leu287Ile酶制剂,于40℃、220rpm条件下反应24h,制得油酸豆甾醇酯。
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