CN116590072A - 一种风力发电机齿轮油用复合添加剂 - Google Patents

一种风力发电机齿轮油用复合添加剂 Download PDF

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CN116590072A
CN116590072A CN202310353686.1A CN202310353686A CN116590072A CN 116590072 A CN116590072 A CN 116590072A CN 202310353686 A CN202310353686 A CN 202310353686A CN 116590072 A CN116590072 A CN 116590072A
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王强
史雪权
朱大德
白凌
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Anhui Jinde Lubrication Technology Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种风力发电机齿轮油用复合添加剂，涉及风力发电机齿轮油技术领域，所述复合添加剂包括极压抗磨剂、抗氧剂、金属减活剂、抗乳化剂、抗泡剂、防锈剂；本发明提供的复合添加剂通过各组分之间的协同作用可使齿轮油具有优良的粘温性、极压抗磨性、抗乳化性、氧化安定性、热安定性、抗泡性、防锈性等，在长期使用时仍然能对风力发电机齿轮发挥良好的润滑作用，在极端的高低温气候下都可以正常工作，延长风力发电机齿轮的使用寿命。

Description

一种风力发电机齿轮油用复合添加剂
技术领域：
本发明涉及风力发电机齿轮油技术领域，具体涉及一种风力发电机齿轮油用复合添加剂。
背景技术：
随着科技的不断发展成熟，风力发电已成为世界新能源产业的一个热点。在风机工作过程中，轴承往往受到高转速与低转速以及高负荷与低负荷相互转换等各种运行条件的影响，齿轮和轴承的接触压力、摩擦力会发生改变。随着机组的输出功率增加，齿轮和轴承在运行条件变换时的接触压力升高，摩擦力增大，运行温度升高。同时，恶劣的环境条件也会造成具有挑战性的润滑环境。
风力发电机齿轮油通常由聚α-烯烃基础油和高性能复合添加剂组成，可以在极端环境温度及恶劣工况条件下使用，能有效防止齿轮在运行中微点蚀的产生，同时具有抗极压和重负荷工业齿轮油的特性，在齿面形成极强的油膜，延长齿轮使用寿命。
在生产过程中，齿轮油因为搅拌易产生泡沫，如果放任不管，泡沫可能会一直存在。泡沫的导热性差，无法降低齿轮摩擦产生的温度，齿面过热使油膜破裂，泡沫的存在也影响新油膜的形成。一旦油膜完整性不够，就会使齿轮油失去润滑性能，造成磨损。并且，泡沫中的空气会与齿轮表面相接触，使齿轮表面产生微点蚀。因此，要求齿轮油具备良好的抗泡性，保证齿轮油产生的泡沫较少并易于消散。
发明内容：
本发明所要解决的技术问题在于提供一种风力发电机齿轮油用复合添加剂，通过向基础油中添加该复合添加剂，使齿轮油具有很好的粘温性、极压抗磨性、抗乳化性、氧化安定性、热安定性、防锈性等，同时还能提高齿轮油的抗泡性，减轻甚至避免泡沫的存在对齿轮油使用性能的不利影响，从而使齿轮油发挥优良的润滑性能。
本发明所要解决的技术问题采用以下的技术方案来实现：
一种风力发电机齿轮油用复合添加剂，包括极压抗磨剂、抗氧剂、金属减活剂、抗乳化剂、抗泡剂、防锈剂。
优选地，所述极压抗磨剂、抗氧剂、金属减活剂、抗乳化剂、抗泡剂、防锈剂的质量比为(1～10):(1～10):(0.5～5):(0.5～5):(0.5～5):(0.05～1)。根据对齿轮油使用性能的实际需求，调整各组分的用量，也可为了突出某一使用性能而增加相应组分的用量。
优选地，所述抗泡剂为改性硅油，由端含氢硅油和泊洛沙姆经脱氢反应得到。本发明通过脱氢反应将泊洛沙姆接枝到含氢硅油分子链上，能够显著改善含氢硅油的抗泡性能，而泊洛沙姆本身并不具备抗泡效果，且泊洛沙姆通常作为乳化剂使用，但由端含氢硅油和泊洛沙姆经脱氢反应制备的改性硅油却具有极佳的抗泡效果。
本领域通常采用聚硅氧烷、二甲基硅油、聚丙烯酸酯衍生物作为抗泡剂，而本发明中采用上述改性硅油作为抗泡剂，不仅能使齿轮油具有突出的抗泡性能，还能降低齿轮油的倾点，改善齿轮油的低温流动性。
优选地，所述端含氢硅油的分子量为3000～8000。
优选地，所述泊洛沙姆的分子量为1000～2000。
优选地，所述端含氢硅油与泊洛沙姆的摩尔比为(2～4):1。只有部分端含氢硅油与泊洛沙姆发生反应。
优选地，所述脱氢反应的催化剂为辛酸亚锡或氯铂酸。以辛酸亚锡或氯铂酸作为催化剂，加快脱氢反应速率。
优选地，所述极压抗磨剂为氯化石蜡、硫化猪油、磷酸酯、硼酸盐、硫化烯烃中的至少一种。极压抗磨剂的作用是提高齿轮油的耐负荷能力，防止齿轮表面在高负荷条件下发生磨损。
优选地，所述抗氧剂为酚类抗氧剂、胺类抗氧剂中的至少一种。抗氧剂的作用是防止齿轮油出现氧化变质现象，尤其是提高齿轮油的高温抗氧性。其中胺类抗氧剂对齿轮油使用性能的改进效果尤为显著。
优选地，所述酚类抗氧剂为2,6-二叔丁基对甲酚。也可采用本领域已知的其它酚类抗氧剂，在此不做赘述。
优选地，所述胺类抗氧剂为烷基二苯胺。也可采用本领域已知的其它胺类抗氧剂，在此不做赘述。
优选地，所述金属减活剂为苯三唑衍生物、噻二唑衍生物中的至少一种。金属减活剂是一种阻止金属对齿轮油的自动氧化起促进作用的添加剂，与抗氧剂复合使用，能大大提高齿轮油的抗氧化性能。
优选地，所述抗乳化剂为环氧乙烷-环氧丙烷共聚物、胺与环氧化合物的缩合物中的至少一种。齿轮油在生产过程中不可避免与水接触，齿轮油吸收水分后被乳化，不仅会破坏金属表面的油膜，使其失去润滑功能，还会使齿轮油中的添加剂失效产生沉淀物，导致齿面磨损，因此齿轮油要具有良好的抗乳化性。
优选地，所述防锈剂为烯基丁二酸、石油磺酸盐中的至少一种。防锈剂分子中的极性基团对金属表面有很强的吸附力，在金属表面形成紧密的单分子或多分子保护层，阻止腐蚀介质与金属接触，起到防锈作用。
本发明所述复合添加剂并不仅限于在风力发电机齿轮油中的应用，也可应用于其它类型齿轮油中，如汽车齿轮油、工业齿轮油等。
本发明的有益效果是：本发明提供的复合添加剂通过各组分之间的协同作用可使齿轮油具有优良的粘温性、极压抗磨性、抗乳化性、氧化安定性、热安定性、抗泡性、防锈性等，在长期使用时仍然能对风力发电机齿轮发挥良好的润滑作用，在极端的高低温气候下都可以正常工作，延长风力发电机齿轮的使用寿命。
具体实施方式：
为了使本发明实现的技术手段、创作特征、达成目的与功效易于明白了解，下面结合具体实施例，进一步阐述本发明。
本发明中的改性硅油制备方法如下：
向溶剂THF中加入摩尔比为2:1的端含氢硅油(20g，含氢量为0.07％，分子量为3000)、泊洛沙姆101(平均分子量为1100)，搅拌混合均匀后加入占端含氢硅油和泊洛沙姆101总质量0.5％的辛酸亚锡，升温至60℃保温反5h，过滤，取滤液，减压蒸馏回收溶剂THF，得到改性硅油V-1。
向溶剂THF中加入摩尔比为3:1的端含氢硅油(20g，含氢量为0.07％，分子量为3000)、泊洛沙姆101(平均分子量为1100)，搅拌混合均匀后加入占端含氢硅油和泊洛沙姆101总质量0.5％的辛酸亚锡，升温至60℃保温反应5h，过滤，取滤液，减压蒸馏回收溶剂THF，得到改性硅油V-2。
向溶剂THF中加入摩尔比为4:1的端含氢硅油(20g，含氢量为0.07％，分子量为3000)、泊洛沙姆101(平均分子量为1100)，搅拌混合均匀后加入占端含氢硅油和泊洛沙姆101总质量0.5％的辛酸亚锡，升温至60℃保温反应5h，过滤，取滤液，减压蒸馏回收溶剂THF，得到改性硅油V-3。
采用上述制备的改性硅油作为抗泡剂制备复合添加剂：
实施例1
将8份硫化异丁烯、4份对苯二胺、2份N,N-二(2-乙基己基)-1H-甲基苯并三唑-1-甲胺、1份环氧乙烷-环氧丙烷共聚物、1份改性硅油V-1、0.2份石油磺酸钠搅拌混合均匀，得到复合添加剂。
实施例2
将10份磷酸三甲酚酯、3份2,6-二叔丁基对甲酚、2份N,N-二(2-乙基己基)-1H-甲基苯并三唑-1-甲胺、2份胺与环氧化合物的缩合物T1001、1份改性硅油V-2、0.1份石油磺酸钠搅拌混合均匀，得到复合添加剂。
实施例3
将5份硫化猪油、2份二壬基二苯胺、1.5份2,5-双(叔壬基二硫代)-1,3,4-噻二唑、1.5份胺与环氧化合物的缩合物T1001、1份改性硅油V-3、0.1份十二烯基丁二酸搅拌混合均匀，得到复合添加剂。
实施例4
将7份氯化石蜡、3份二壬基二苯胺、1份2,5-双(叔壬基二硫代)-1,3,4-噻二唑、1份环氧乙烷-环氧丙烷共聚物、1份改性硅油V-1、0.15份十二烯基丁二酸搅拌混合均匀，得到复合添加剂。
实施例5
将6份偏硼酸钾、2份对苯二胺、1.5份N,N-二(2-乙基己基)-1H-甲基苯并三唑-1-甲胺、0.5份胺与环氧化合物的缩合物T1001、1份改性硅油V-2、0.2份石油磺酸钠搅拌混合均匀，得到复合添加剂。
实施例6
将8份氯化石蜡、3份2,6-二叔丁基对甲酚、2份2,5-双(叔壬基二硫代)-1,3,4-噻二唑、1.5份环氧乙烷-环氧丙烷共聚物、1份改性硅油V-3、0.2份十二烯基丁二酸搅拌混合均匀，得到复合添加剂。
对比例1
对比例1是将实施例1中的改性硅油V-1替换为等量的端含氢硅油(含氢量为0.07％，分子量为3000)，其余同实施例1。
对比例2
对比例2是将实施例1中的改性硅油V-1替换为等量的二甲基硅油(陶氏200)，其余同实施例1。
对比例3
对比例3是将实施例1中的改性硅油V-1替换为由摩尔比为2:1的端含氢硅油(含氢量为0.07％，分子量为3000)和泊洛沙姆101组成的混合物，其余同实施例1。
分别将上述实施例1-6和对比例1-2制备的复合添加剂加入到高粘度聚α-烯烃基础油(英力士聚α-烯烃174I)中，复合添加剂的添加量为1.5wt％，搅拌混合均匀，得到齿轮油。
对所得齿轮油进行性能测试，结果见表1和表2。
表1
表2
从表1和表2可以看出，本发明制备的复合添加剂能够有效改善齿轮油的综合使用性能。
以上显示和描述了本发明的基本原理和主要特征和本发明的优点。本行业的技术人员应该了解，本发明不受上述实施例的限制，上述实施例和说明书中描述的只是说明本发明的原理，在不脱离本发明精神和范围的前提下，本发明还会有各种变化和改进，这些变化和改进都落入要求保护的本发明范围内。本发明要求保护范围由所附的权利要求书及其等效物界定。

Claims (10)

1.一种风力发电机齿轮油用复合添加剂，其特征在于：包括极压抗磨剂、抗氧剂、金属减活剂、抗乳化剂、抗泡剂、防锈剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的风力发电机齿轮油用复合添加剂，其特征在于：所述极压抗磨剂、抗氧剂、金属减活剂、抗乳化剂、抗泡剂、防锈剂的质量比为(1～10):(1～10):(0.5～5):(0.5～5):(0.5～5):(0.05～1)。
3.根据权利要求1所述的风力发电机齿轮油用复合添加剂，其特征在于：所述抗泡剂为改性硅油，由端含氢硅油和泊洛沙姆经脱氢反应得到。
4.根据权利要求3所述的风力发电机齿轮油用复合添加剂，其特征在于：所述端含氢硅油的分子量为3000～8000；所述泊洛沙姆的分子量为1000～2000；所述端含氢硅油与泊洛沙姆的摩尔比为(2～4):1。
5.根据权利要求3所述的风力发电机齿轮油用复合添加剂，其特征在于：所述脱氢反应的催化剂为辛酸亚锡或氯铂酸。
6.根据权利要求1所述的风力发电机齿轮油用复合添加剂，其特征在于：所述极压抗磨剂为氯化石蜡、硫化猪油、磷酸酯、硼酸盐、硫化烯烃中的至少一种。
7.根据权利要求1所述的风力发电机齿轮油用复合添加剂，其特征在于：所述抗氧剂为酚类抗氧剂、胺类抗氧剂中的至少一种；所述酚类抗氧剂为2,6-二叔丁基对甲酚；所述胺类抗氧剂为烷基二苯胺。
8.根据权利要求1所述的风力发电机齿轮油用复合添加剂，其特征在于：所述金属减活剂为苯三唑衍生物、噻二唑衍生物中的至少一种。
9.根据权利要求1所述的风力发电机齿轮油用复合添加剂，其特征在于：所述抗乳化剂为环氧乙烷-环氧丙烷共聚物、胺与环氧化合物的缩合物中的至少一种。
10.根据权利要求1所述的风力发电机齿轮油用复合添加剂，其特征在于：所述防锈剂为烯基丁二酸、石油磺酸盐中的至少一种。
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CN104707365A (zh) * 2013-12-11 2015-06-17 江南大学 一种制备氨基聚醚有机硅复配型消泡剂的方法
CN109536248A (zh) * 2018-10-30 2019-03-29 新疆金雪驰科技股份有限公司 一种全合成抗微点蚀风电齿轮油组合物及其制备方法
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CN115895756A (zh) * 2022-11-04 2023-04-04 西安热工研究院有限公司 风电齿轮油用杂环胺类改性消泡抗氧缓蚀剂及其制备方法

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CN104707365A (zh) * 2013-12-11 2015-06-17 江南大学 一种制备氨基聚醚有机硅复配型消泡剂的方法
CN109536248A (zh) * 2018-10-30 2019-03-29 新疆金雪驰科技股份有限公司 一种全合成抗微点蚀风电齿轮油组合物及其制备方法
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