CN117106508A - 一种水力发电用防锈防腐蚀性涡轮机油 - Google Patents

一种水力发电用防锈防腐蚀性涡轮机油 Download PDF

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CN117106508A
CN117106508A CN202310866523.3A CN202310866523A CN117106508A CN 117106508 A CN117106508 A CN 117106508A CN 202310866523 A CN202310866523 A CN 202310866523A CN 117106508 A CN117106508 A CN 117106508A
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power generation
hydroelectric power
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turbine
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王强
史雪权
朱大德
白凌
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Anhui Jinde Lubrication Technology Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种水力发电用防锈防腐蚀性涡轮机油，涉及涡轮机油技术领域，包括以下重量百分比的组分：极压抗磨剂1‑5％、抗氧剂0.5‑3％、防锈剂0.5‑3％、抗乳化剂0.1‑0.5％、降凝剂0.1‑0.5％、消泡剂0.01‑0.05％、余量为基础油；本发明提供的涡轮机油具有合适的粘度、优异的防锈性和防腐蚀性以及良好的粘温性、抗压抗磨性、抗氧化性、抗乳化性、抗泡性等，可以发挥突出的润滑作用、冷却作用和调速作用，降低涡轮部件的磨损，延长涡轮部件的使用寿命。

Description

一种水力发电用防锈防腐蚀性涡轮机油
技术领域：
本发明涉及涡轮机油技术领域，具体涉及一种水力发电用防锈防腐蚀性涡轮机油。
背景技术：
涡轮机油，也称透平油或者汽轮机油，主要用于电厂蒸汽轮机、水轮发电机及其它需要深度精致润滑油的润滑场合。涡轮机油与其它润滑油的主要差别在于更好的抗氧化安定性和抗乳化性能，适合高速机械润滑，主要起到润滑、散热、冷却调速的作用。
防锈防腐蚀性是指涡轮机油利用其较低的表面张力在金属表面扩张形成保护膜，阻止空气和水分与金属接触，从而防止金属部件锈蚀和腐蚀。如果涡轮机油的防锈防腐蚀性能不好，那么金属表面的锈蚀和腐蚀将会直接影响涡轮机的正常运行。
发明内容：
本发明所要解决的技术问题在于提供一种水力发电用防锈防腐蚀性涡轮机油，通过防锈剂和抗乳化剂的适量添加来增强涡轮机油的防锈性能和抗乳化性能，同时控制涡轮机油的制备成本，从而有利于涡轮机油的的推广应用。
本发明所要解决的技术问题采用以下的技术方案来实现：
本发明的目的之一是提供一种水力发电用防锈防腐蚀性涡轮机油，包括以下重量百分比的组分：
余量为基础油。
优选地，所述基础油为聚α-烯烃基础油。聚α-烯烃基础油从分类上划分为合成基础油，使用范围最广泛，具有优良的粘温性能和低温流动性，且氧化安定性、热安定性、水解安定性好。
优选地，所述极压抗磨剂为硫化烯烃、磷酸酯、亚磷酸酯、硫代磷酸酯胺盐中的一种或几种的组合。极压抗磨剂是指在极压条件下防止滑动的金属表面发生烧结、擦伤和磨损的添加剂，提高涡轮机油的耐负荷能力。
优选地，所述抗氧剂为酚类抗氧剂、胺类抗氧剂中的一种或两种的组合。抗氧剂的作用是防止涡轮机油出现氧化变质现象，尤其是提高涡轮机油的高温抗氧性。
进一步优选地，所述酚类抗氧剂为2,6-二叔丁基对甲酚、2,6-二叔丁基苯酚、双(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基)硫醚、4,4′-硫代双(3-甲基-6-叔丁基苯酚)中的一种或几种的组合。
进一步优选地，所述胺类抗氧剂为烷基二苯胺，包括丁基二苯胺、二丁基二苯胺、辛基二苯胺、二辛基二苯胺等。
优选地，所述防锈剂为烯基丁二酸、烯基丁二酸酯、石油磺酸钡、石油磺酸钠中的一种或几种的组合。防锈剂分子中的极性基团对金属表面有很强的吸附力，在金属表面形成紧密的单分子或多分子保护层，阻止腐蚀介质与金属部件接触，从而起到防锈效果。
优选地，所述抗乳化剂为环氧乙烷与环氧丙烷的共聚物，平均分子量为4000～6000。抗乳化性是涡轮机油抵抗与水混合形成乳化液的性能，是涡轮机油的一项很重要的理化性质。涡轮机油在使用中常常不可避免地要混入一些冷却水，如果涡轮机油的抗乳化性不好，混入的水会促使油质乳化，加速涡轮机油的氧化，使酸值升高，产生较多的氧化沉积物，可能造成润滑不良。
优选地，所述降凝剂为聚甲基丙烯酸酯。降凝剂的作用是降低涡轮机油的凝固点，改善涡轮机油的低温流动性，因此又称为低温流动改进剂。
优选地，所述消泡剂为硅氧烷型消泡剂、聚丙烯酸酯型消泡剂中的一种或两种的组合。消泡剂的作用是消除涡轮机油中的泡沫，因为泡沫的存在会影响涡轮机油的流动性，降低涡轮机油的润滑效果和冷却效果。
本发明的目的之二是提供一种所述抗乳化剂的制备方法，将叔丁基二乙醇胺和氢氧化钾加入反应釜中，抽真空并用氮气置换，升温脱水，然后通入环氧乙烷和环氧丙烷，在压力0.3～0.35MPa、温度110～120℃下进行共聚反应，反应结束后用冰醋酸中和至中性，脱水后出料，得到环氧乙烷与环氧丙烷的共聚物。
优选地，所述叔丁基二乙醇胺、环氧乙烷和环氧丙烷的质量比为1:4:6；所述氢氧化钾的用量为叔丁基二乙醇胺、环氧乙烷和环氧丙烷的总质量的0.25％。
本发明以叔丁基二乙醇胺作为起始剂，相对于常用的丙二醇和丙三醇来说，本发明制备得到的环氧乙烷与环氧丙烷的共聚物的抗乳化性能更好。
本发明的有益效果是：本发明提供的涡轮机油具有合适的粘度、优异的防锈性和防腐蚀性以及良好的粘温性、抗压抗磨性、抗氧化性、抗乳化性、抗泡性等，可以发挥突出的润滑作用、冷却作用和调速作用，降低涡轮部件的磨损，延长涡轮部件的使用寿命。
具体实施方式：
为了使本发明实现的技术手段、创作特征、达成目的与功效易于明白了解，下面结合具体实施例，进一步阐述本发明。
以下实施例和对比例中的聚α-烯烃基础油由质量比为1:3的低粘度聚α-烯烃基础油PAO6和高粘度聚α-烯烃基础油PAO40组成。
实施例1
按照以下组成配制涡轮机油：
其中，环氧乙烷与环氧丙烷的共聚物的制备方法为：将叔丁基二乙醇胺和氢氧化钾加入反应釜中，抽真空并用氮气置换，升温脱水，然后通入环氧乙烷和环氧丙烷，叔丁基二乙醇胺、环氧乙烷和环氧丙烷的质量比为1:4:6，氢氧化钾的用量为叔丁基二乙醇胺、环氧乙烷和环氧丙烷的总质量的0.25％，在压力0.35MPa、温度115℃下进行共聚反应，反应结束后用冰醋酸中和至中性，脱水后出料，得到平均分子量为5218的环氧乙烷与环氧丙烷的共聚物。
实施例2
按照以下组成配制涡轮机油：
原料 重量百分比/％
聚α-烯烃基础油 91.25
T321硫化异丁烯 4
2,6-二叔丁基对甲酚 2.5
石油磺酸钡 1.5
环氧乙烷与环氧丙烷的共聚物 0.4
T602聚甲基丙烯酸酯 0.3
二甲基硅油 0.05
其中，环氧乙烷与环氧丙烷的共聚物的制备方法为：将叔丁基二乙醇胺和氢氧化钾加入反应釜中，抽真空并用氮气置换，升温脱水，然后通入环氧乙烷和环氧丙烷，叔丁基二乙醇胺、环氧乙烷和环氧丙烷的质量比为1:4:6，氢氧化钾的用量为叔丁基二乙醇胺、环氧乙烷和环氧丙烷的总质量的0.25％，在压力0.35MPa、温度110℃下进行共聚反应，反应结束后用冰醋酸中和至中性，脱水后出料，得到平均分子量为5430的环氧乙烷与环氧丙烷的共聚物。
实施例3
按照以下组成配制涡轮机油：
其中，环氧乙烷与环氧丙烷的共聚物的制备方法为：将叔丁基二乙醇胺和氢氧化钾加入反应釜中，抽真空并用氮气置换，升温脱水，然后通入环氧乙烷和环氧丙烷，叔丁基二乙醇胺、环氧乙烷和环氧丙烷的质量比为1:4:6，氢氧化钾的用量为叔丁基二乙醇胺、环氧乙烷和环氧丙烷的总质量的0.25％，在压力0.3MPa、温度120℃下进行共聚反应，反应结束后用冰醋酸中和至中性，脱水后出料，得到平均分子量为5019的环氧乙烷与环氧丙烷的共聚物。
实施例4
按照以下组成配制涡轮机油：
原料 重量百分比/％
聚α-烯烃基础油 92.28
亚磷酸二正丁酯 3.5
丁基二苯胺 1.5
石油磺酸钡 2
环氧乙烷与环氧丙烷的共聚物 0.4
T602聚甲基丙烯酸酯 0.3
二甲基硅油 0.02
其中，环氧乙烷与环氧丙烷的共聚物的制备方法为：将叔丁基二乙醇胺和氢氧化钾加入反应釜中，抽真空并用氮气置换，升温脱水，然后通入环氧乙烷和环氧丙烷，叔丁基二乙醇胺、环氧乙烷和环氧丙烷的质量比为1:4:6，氢氧化钾的用量为叔丁基二乙醇胺、环氧乙烷和环氧丙烷的总质量的0.25％，在压力0.35MPa、温度115℃下进行共聚反应，反应结束后用冰醋酸中和至中性，脱水后出料，得到平均分子量为4863的环氧乙烷与环氧丙烷的共聚物。
实施例5
按照以下组成配制涡轮机油：
原料 重量百分比/％
聚α-烯烃基础油 90.07
亚磷酸二正丁酯 4
2,6-二叔丁基对甲酚+丁基二苯胺 2.5
十二烯基丁二酸 2.5
环氧乙烷与环氧丙烷的共聚物 0.5
T602聚甲基丙烯酸酯 0.4
二甲基硅油 0.03
其中，环氧乙烷与环氧丙烷的共聚物的制备方法为：将叔丁基二乙醇胺和氢氧化钾加入反应釜中，抽真空并用氮气置换，升温脱水，然后通入环氧乙烷和环氧丙烷，叔丁基二乙醇胺、环氧乙烷和环氧丙烷的质量比为1:4:6，氢氧化钾的用量为叔丁基二乙醇胺、环氧乙烷和环氧丙烷的总质量的0.25％，在压力0.3MPa、温度115℃下进行共聚反应，反应结束后用冰醋酸中和至中性，脱水后出料，得到平均分子量为4582的环氧乙烷与环氧丙烷的共聚物。
对比例1
对比例1与实施例1的不同之处是采用以下方法制备环氧乙烷与环氧丙烷的共聚物，即将实施例1中的叔丁基二乙醇胺替换为1,2-丙二醇。
按照以下组成配制涡轮机油：
原料 重量百分比/％
聚α-烯烃基础油 90.05
T321硫化异丁烯 5
2,6-二叔丁基对甲酚 2
十二烯基丁二酸 2
环氧乙烷与环氧丙烷的共聚物 0.5
T602聚甲基丙烯酸酯 0.4
二甲基硅油 0.05
其中，环氧乙烷与环氧丙烷的共聚物的制备方法为：将1,2-丙二醇和氢氧化钾加入反应釜中，抽真空并用氮气置换，升温脱水，然后通入环氧乙烷和环氧丙烷，1,2-丙二醇、环氧乙烷和环氧丙烷的质量比为1:4:6，氢氧化钾的用量为1,2-丙二醇、环氧乙烷和环氧丙烷的总质量的0.25％，在压力0.35MPa、温度115℃下进行共聚反应，反应结束后用冰醋酸中和至中性，脱水后出料，得到平均分子量为5507的环氧乙烷与环氧丙烷的共聚物。
对比例2
对比例2与实施例1的不同之处是采用以下方法制备环氧乙烷与环氧丙烷的共聚物，即将实施例1中的叔丁基二乙醇胺替换为丙三醇。
按照以下组成配制涡轮机油：
原料 重量百分比/％
聚α-烯烃基础油 90.05
T321硫化异丁烯 5
2,6-二叔丁基对甲酚 2
十二烯基丁二酸 2
环氧乙烷与环氧丙烷的共聚物 0.5
T602聚甲基丙烯酸酯 0.4
二甲基硅油 0.05
其中，环氧乙烷与环氧丙烷的共聚物的制备方法为：将丙三醇和氢氧化钾加入反应釜中，抽真空并用氮气置换，升温脱水，然后通入环氧乙烷和环氧丙烷，丙三醇、环氧乙烷和环氧丙烷的质量比为1:4:6，氢氧化钾的用量为丙三醇、环氧乙烷和环氧丙烷的总质量的0.25％，在压力0.35MPa、温度115℃下进行共聚反应，反应结束后用冰醋酸中和至中性，脱水后出料，得到平均分子量为5318的环氧乙烷与环氧丙烷的共聚物。
对比例3
对比例3与实施例1的不同之处是采用以下方法制备环氧乙烷与环氧丙烷的共聚物，即将实施例1中的叔丁基二乙醇胺替换为二乙醇胺。
按照以下组成配制涡轮机油：
其中，环氧乙烷与环氧丙烷的共聚物的制备方法为：将二乙醇胺和氢氧化钾加入反应釜中，抽真空并用氮气置换，升温脱水，然后通入环氧乙烷和环氧丙烷，二乙醇胺、环氧乙烷和环氧丙烷的质量比为1:4:6，氢氧化钾的用量为二乙醇胺、环氧乙烷和环氧丙烷的总质量的0.25％，在压力0.35MPa、温度115℃下进行共聚反应，反应结束后用冰醋酸中和至中性，脱水后出料，得到平均分子量为5149的环氧乙烷与环氧丙烷的共聚物。
对比例4
对比例4与实施例1的不同之处是采用以下方法制备环氧乙烷与环氧丙烷的共聚物，即将实施例1中的叔丁基二乙醇胺替换为三乙醇胺。
按照以下组成配制涡轮机油：
原料 重量百分比/％
聚α-烯烃基础油 90.05
T321硫化异丁烯 5
2,6-二叔丁基对甲酚 2
十二烯基丁二酸 2
环氧乙烷与环氧丙烷的共聚物 0.5
T602聚甲基丙烯酸酯 0.4
二甲基硅油 0.05
其中，环氧乙烷与环氧丙烷的共聚物的制备方法为：将三乙醇胺和氢氧化钾加入反应釜中，抽真空并用氮气置换，升温脱水，然后通入环氧乙烷和环氧丙烷，三乙醇胺、环氧乙烷和环氧丙烷的质量比为1:4:6，氢氧化钾的用量为三乙醇胺、环氧乙烷和环氧丙烷的总质量的0.25％，在压力0.35MPa、温度115℃下进行共聚反应，反应结束后用冰醋酸中和至中性，脱水后出料，得到平均分子量为5604的环氧乙烷与环氧丙烷的共聚物。
测试上述实施例配制的涡轮机油的典型理化指标，结果见表1所示。
表1涡轮机油的典型理化指标
参照标准GB/T 7305-2003《石油和合成液水分离性测定法》测试上述实施例和对比例配制的涡轮机油的抗乳化性能(54℃)，结果见表2所示。
表2涡轮机油的抗乳化性能
完全分离时间(min)
实施例1 10
实施例2 10
实施例3 10
实施例4 10
实施例5 10
对比例1 15
对比例2 15
对比例3 15
对比例4 15
由表2可以得知，选用不同的起始剂将会使制备的环氧乙烷与环氧丙烷的共聚物表现出不同程度的抗乳化性能。
以上显示和描述了本发明的基本原理和主要特征和本发明的优点。本行业的技术人员应该了解，本发明不受上述实施例的限制，上述实施例和说明书中描述的只是说明本发明的原理，在不脱离本发明精神和范围的前提下，本发明还会有各种变化和改进，这些变化和改进都落入要求保护的本发明范围内。本发明要求保护范围由所附的权利要求书及其等效物界定。

Claims (10)

1.一种水力发电用防锈防腐蚀性涡轮机油，其特征在于，包括以下重量百分比的组分：
余量为基础油。
2.根据权利要求1所述的水力发电用防锈防腐蚀性涡轮机油，其特征在于：所述基础油为聚α-烯烃基础油。
3.根据权利要求1所述的水力发电用防锈防腐蚀性涡轮机油，其特征在于：所述极压抗磨剂为硫化烯烃、磷酸酯、亚磷酸酯、硫代磷酸酯胺盐中的一种或几种的组合。
4.根据权利要求1所述的水力发电用防锈防腐蚀性涡轮机油，其特征在于：所述抗氧剂为酚类抗氧剂、胺类抗氧剂中的一种或两种的组合。
5.根据权利要求4所述的水力发电用防锈防腐蚀性涡轮机油，其特征在于：所述酚类抗氧剂为2,6-二叔丁基对甲酚、2,6-二叔丁基苯酚、双(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基)硫醚、4,4′-硫代双(3-甲基-6-叔丁基苯酚)中的一种或几种的组合。
6.根据权利要求4所述的水力发电用防锈防腐蚀性涡轮机油，其特征在于：所述胺类抗氧剂为烷基二苯胺。
7.根据权利要求1所述的水力发电用防锈防腐蚀性涡轮机油，其特征在于：所述防锈剂为烯基丁二酸、烯基丁二酸酯、石油磺酸钡、石油磺酸钠中的一种或几种的组合。
8.根据权利要求1所述的水力发电用防锈防腐蚀性涡轮机油，其特征在于：所述抗乳化剂为环氧乙烷与环氧丙烷的共聚物，平均分子量为4000～6000。
9.根据权利要求1所述的水力发电用防锈防腐蚀性涡轮机油，其特征在于：所述降凝剂为聚甲基丙烯酸酯。
10.根据权利要求1所述的水力发电用防锈防腐蚀性涡轮机油，其特征在于：所述消泡剂为硅氧烷型消泡剂、聚丙烯酸酯型消泡剂中的一种或两种的组合。
CN202310866523.3A 2023-07-14 2023-07-14 一种水力发电用防锈防腐蚀性涡轮机油 Pending CN117106508A (zh)

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