CN116589658A - 一种亲水聚氨酯海绵的制备方法及应用 - Google Patents

一种亲水聚氨酯海绵的制备方法及应用 Download PDF

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CN116589658A
CN116589658A CN202310641512.5A CN202310641512A CN116589658A CN 116589658 A CN116589658 A CN 116589658A CN 202310641512 A CN202310641512 A CN 202310641512A CN 116589658 A CN116589658 A CN 116589658A
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叶丞
杨妍霏
汤振英
张聪丽
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Nanjing Jinqi Chemical Industry Group Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明提供一种亲水聚氨酯海绵的制备方法及应用,涉及聚氨酯软泡材料技术领域,所述亲水聚氨酯海绵的制备方法如下:(1)称取聚醚多元醇X和亲水性聚合物多元醇Y混合均匀,120℃抽真空脱水,然后降温至40‑50℃加入改性MDIZ,氮气置换三次后,保持65‑75℃,0.01‑0.05MPa条件下反应2‑3小时,制得预聚体,即组分A;(2)称取去离子水和表面活性剂在35‑70℃下搅拌混匀,再降至25℃,得到组分B;(3)称取组分A和组分B,快速搅拌后发泡,再置于带有流动氮气的80℃烘箱中3小时,即得亲水聚氨酯海绵。本发明方法简单,环保,安全,且能够得到低溶胀率、高吸水倍率以及优良的物理性能。

Description

一种亲水聚氨酯海绵的制备方法及应用
技术领域
本发明涉及聚氨酯软泡材料技术领域,具体涉及一种亲水聚氨酯海绵的制备方法及应用。
背景技术
亲水聚氨酯泡沫具有良好的开孔及生物相容性,且合成工艺成熟、应用形状可变,被广泛的应用于医用敷料领域。与脱脂棉、纱布等传统敷料相比,聚氨酯敷料能够有效快速的吸收创口渗出保液透湿和隔菌功能,既能避免积液,又可以保持适当的创伤透气性,防止结痂,以利于创口的愈合,同时还要能起到隔菌作用,以防止创口感染。
制备亲水性聚氨酯泡沫的方法主要有2种,一种是中国专利CN108976775B公开的水中可沉降的聚氨酯软泡材料的制备方法及其应用,其在配方中加入吸水性填料如聚丙烯酸盐、聚丙烯酰胺等改性吸水树脂,这些吸水性物质是分散在泡沫体中的,易溶解在水中随水析出,因此使用受到限制;另一种方法是中国专利CN113061225A公开的可自发沉水的聚氨酯泡沫塑料及其制备方法,其通过在聚氨酯分子链中引入亲水基团如氧化乙烯链节,来提高聚氨酯的吸水性;但两种方法制备的聚氨酯亲水敷料都存在着泡沫物理强度差、提高泡沫开孔率需要人工开孔或者加入开孔剂等问题,已不能满足人们对医用敷料的新要求。
发明内容
为解决上述问题,本发明公开了一种水聚氨酯海绵的制备方法,不需添加胺类、锡类、硅油、填料等助剂,所制备的亲水聚氨酯海绵无毒、环保,安全,且具有低溶胀率、高吸水率以及优良的韧性及回弹性,能够应用于医疗领域。
为达到上述目的,本发明的技术方案如下:
一种亲水聚氨酯海绵的制备方法包括以下步骤:
(1)称取聚醚多元醇X和亲水性聚合物多元醇Y混合均匀,120℃抽真空脱水至水分<0.05%,然后降温至40-50℃加入改性MDI Z,氮气置换三次后,保持65-75℃,0.01-0.05MPa条件下反应2-3小时,制得预聚体,即组分A;
(2)按表面活性剂的用量为去离子水质量的1.1%-3.2%称取去离子水和表面活性剂在35-70℃下搅拌混匀,再降至25℃,得到组分B;
(3)按组分A:组分B质量比为1:1~1:7称取组分A和组分B,快速搅拌后,倒入容器中发泡,将制得的亲水聚氨酯海绵置于带有流动氮气的80℃烘箱中3小时,即得亲水聚氨酯海绵;
步骤(1)中所述聚醚多元醇X的用量为60-90重量份;
步骤(1)中所述亲水聚合物多元醇Y的用量为10-40重量份,其官能度3-6,数均分子量5000,羟值21-68mgKOH/g,不饱和度<0.05mmol/g,所述亲水性聚合物多元醇Y由基础聚醚多元醇、丙烯腈、苯乙烯组成,其中丙烯腈与苯乙烯的质量比为2:1;环氧乙烷含量占基础聚醚多元醇的重量百分比为60%,仲羟基占基础聚醚多元醇的重量百分比为20%。
进一步地,步骤(1)中所述亲水聚合物多元醇Y的羟值32-53mgKOH/g,固含量20-39%,粘度2500-8000mPa.S/25℃,残单含量<5ppm。
进一步地,步骤(1)中所述聚醚多元醇X的官能度1.5-2.5,羟值21-70mgKOH/g,数均分子量为2000-4000,环氧乙烷含量占聚醚多元醇X分子量的重量百分比为60%-75%,伯羟基含量为50%-85%,不饱和度<0.05mmol/g。
进一步地,所述步骤(3)中组分A的料温为35-45℃,组分B的料温为25-35℃。
进一步地,所述步骤(1)中改性MDI由质量百分比为47%MDI-50、39%碳化二亚胺改性4,4-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯、10%三甲基-1,6-亚甲基二异氰酸酯、4%四甲基间苯二亚甲基二异氰酸酯混合而成,其NCO%为32.66%。
进一步地,所述步骤(1)得到的预聚体NCO%为7%-14%,粘度为5500-15000mPa.s/25℃。
进一步地,所述步骤(2)中表面活性剂为聚丙二醇嵌段聚醚,其分子量2200-8400,1%水溶液浊点>50℃,仲羟基含量20-100%,HLB值>12。
进一步地,所述步骤(1)中聚醚多元醇X的起始剂为C8醇、C10醇、C12醇、C14醇、C16醇、C18醇、C8-10醇、C8-14醇、C8-14醇、C12-14醇、C12-18醇、C14-16醇、C16-18醇、C18-16醇、乙二醇、甘油、丙二醇、二甘醇、三羟基丙烷中的两种组成的混合起始剂。
进一步地,步骤(2)中搅拌时间为5-10分钟。
进一步地,步骤(3)中所述快速搅拌的时间为10秒。
本发明还提供一种用上述方法制备的亲水聚氨酯海绵。
本发明另外提供了所述亲水聚氨酯海绵在医疗方面的应用。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有以下有益效果:
1.本发明不需要在配方体系中添加吸水性填料。
2.本发明制得的亲水聚氨酯海绵结构含有大量亲水性基团,但海绵仍具有优良物理性能。
3.本发明不需添加胺类、锡类、硅油等助剂,所制备的亲水聚氨酯海绵无毒、环保,安全,溶胀率低、吸水率高。很适合用于医用敷料。
具体实施方式
以下将结合具体实施例对本发明提供的技术方案进行详细说明,应理解下述具体实施方式仅用于说明本发明而不用于限制本发明的范围。
以下实施例中采用的聚醚多元醇X的牌号为JQN-5049,是以醇类化学物为起始剂通过加聚反应制得的,官能度1.5-2.5,羟值21-70mgKOH/g,数均分子量为2000-4000,环氧乙烷含量占聚醚多元醇X分子量的重量百分比为60%-75%,伯羟基含量为50%-85%,不饱和度<0.05mmol/g。南京金栖化工集团有限公司。
亲水性聚合物多元醇Y的牌号为JQ-345E,由基础聚醚多元醇、丙烯腈、苯乙烯组成,羟值32-53mgKOH/g,固含量20-39%,粘度2500-8000mPa.S/25℃,残单含量<5ppm。其中基础聚醚多元醇为官能度3-6,数均分子量5000,羟值21-68mgKOH/g,不饱和度<0.05mmol/g,环氧乙烷含量占聚醚多元醇分子量的重量百分比为60%,仲羟基含量为20%。丙烯腈与苯乙烯的质量比为2:1南京金栖化工集团有限公司。
实施例1-3、对比例1-6所用聚醚多元醇X和亲水性聚合物多元醇Y的指标如下表:
实施例1-3、对比例1-3所用表面活性剂的指标如下表:
实施例1
(1)称取180g聚醚多元醇X和120g亲水性聚合物多元醇Y混合均匀,120℃抽真空脱水至水分<0.05%,然后降温至40℃加入270g改性MDI Z,氮气置换三次后,保持65℃,0.01MPa条件下反应2小时,制得粘度为15000mPa.S/25℃,NCO%=14的预聚体,即组分A1;
(2)称取2000g去离子水和64g表面活性剂在35℃下搅拌5分钟,再降至25℃,得到组分B1;
(3)称取200g组分A1和1400g组分B1,搅拌10S,倒入容器中发泡,将制得的亲水聚氨酯海绵置于带有流动氮气的80℃烘箱中3小时,即得亲水聚氨酯海绵1#。
实施例2
(1)称取270g聚醚多元醇X和30g亲水性聚合物多元醇Y混合均匀,120℃抽真空脱水至水分<0.05%,然后降温至45℃加入128.37g改性MDI Z,氮气置换三次后,保持70℃,0.05MPa条件下反应2.5小时,制得粘度为5500mPa.S/25℃,NCO%=7%的预聚体,即组分A2;
(2)称取300g去离子水和3.3g表面活性剂在55℃下搅拌8分钟,再降至25℃,得到组分B2;
(3)称取200g组分A2和200g组分B2,搅拌10S,倒入容器中发泡,将制得的亲水聚氨酯海绵置于带有流动氮气的80℃烘箱中3小时,即得亲水聚氨酯海绵2#。
实施例3
(1)称取225g聚醚多元醇X和75g亲水性聚合物多元醇Y混合均匀,120℃抽真空脱水至水分<0.05%,然后降温至40℃加入178.47g改性MDI Z,氮气置换三次后,保持75℃,0.03MPa条件下反应3小时,制得粘度为10250mPa.S/25℃,NCO%=10.5%的预聚体,即组分A3;
(2)称取1000g去离子水和21.5g表面活性剂在70℃下搅拌10分钟,再降至25℃,得到组分B3;
(3)称取200g组分A3和800g组分B3,搅拌10S,倒入容器中发泡,将制得的亲水聚氨酯海绵置于带有流动氮气的80℃烘箱中3小时,即得亲水聚氨酯海绵3#。
对比例1-3
重复实施例1-3步骤(1)和步骤(2)分别制备A1-A3、B1-B3,然后按照步骤(3)进行发泡,所不同的是在步骤(3)中加入组分A重量10%的聚丙烯酰胺填料,所得聚氨酯海绵分别标记为4#、5#、6#。配比如下:
4# 5# 6#
A组分(g) 200 200 200
B组分(g) 1400 200 800
聚丙烯酰胺(g) 20 20 20
NCO% 14% 7% 10.5%
粘度(mPa.s/25℃) 15000 5500 10250
对比例4-6
采用本发明实施例相同的聚醚多元醇X和亲水聚合物多元醇,异氰酸酯亦采用本发明中的改性MDI,按下表配方进行发泡实验,所得海绵标记为7#、8#、9#:
注:发泡配方中异氰酸酯指数均为1
对比例7
JQ-3645固含量39%,粘度4500mPa.s/25℃,购自南京金栖化工集团有限公司。
(1)称取180g聚醚多元醇X和120g聚合物多元醇JQ-3645混合均匀,120℃抽真空脱水至水分<0.05%,然后降温至40℃加入225.58g改性MDI Z,氮气置换三次后,保持65℃,0.01MPa条件下反应2小时,制得粘度为8471mPa.s/25℃,NCO%=14的预聚体,即组分A1;
(2)称取2000g去离子水和64g表面活性剂在35℃下搅拌5分钟,再降至25℃,得到组分B1;
(3)称取200g组分A1和1400g组分B1,搅拌10S,倒入容器中发泡,将制得的亲水聚氨酯海绵置于带有流动氮气的80℃烘箱中3小时,即得亲水聚氨酯海绵10#。
对比例8
(1)称取300g聚醚多元醇X,120℃抽真空脱水至水分<0.05%,然后降温至40℃加入232g改性MDI Z,氮气置换三次后,保持65℃,0.01MPa条件下反应2小时,制得粘度为6902mPa.S/25℃,NCO%=14的预聚体,即组分A1;
(2)称取2000g去离子水和64g表面活性剂在35℃下搅拌5分钟,再降至25℃,得到组分B1;
(3)称取200g组分A1和1400g组分B1,搅拌10S,倒入容器中发泡,将制得的亲水聚氨酯海绵置于带有流动氮气的80℃烘箱中3小时,即得亲水聚氨酯海绵11#。
对比方法:
(1)海绵的密度按照GB/T 6343—2009测定。
(2)力学性能按照GB/T 6344-2008测定。
(3)溶胀率测定:将亲水聚氨酯海绵切割成50mm×50mm×10mm的尺寸,计算体积为V0,然后将其淹没在水中反复挤压3次后取出,测量其尺寸,计算体积为V1,溶胀率=(V1-V0)/V0
(4)吸水率测定:将亲水聚氨酯海绵切割成50mm×50mm×10mm的尺寸,用电子天平准确称量聚氨酯软泡材料的质量m0,然后将其淹没在水中30min,后取出,将泡沫悬空1min后称其质量m1,吸水倍率=(m1-m0)/m0
(5)亲水填料析出测定:将亲水聚氨酯海绵切割成50mm×50mm×10mm的尺寸,用电子天平准确称量聚氨酯软泡材料的质量m0,然后将其淹没在水中30min,后取出,将泡沫悬空1min后称其质量m1,吸水倍率N1=(m1-m0)/m0。将上述海绵中的水分挤干,然后置于有氮气流通的80℃烘箱中烘干水分,再重复上述步骤4次吸水倍率分别记为N2、N3、N4、N5
(6)溶胀率测定:将聚氨酯泡沫切割成50mm×50mm×10mm的尺寸,计算体积为V0,然后将其淹没在水中反复挤压5次后取出,测量其尺寸,计算体积为V1,溶胀率=(V1-V0)/V0
表1为实施例1-3与对比例1-3进行比较,考察亲水性填料对亲水海绵亲水性的影响。
由表1中可以看出,在亲水聚氨酯海绵中加入亲水填料能够显著提高海绵的亲水性,但经过多次实验后,亲水性填料从海绵体析出,溶于水中,海绵的亲水性逐渐下降,最终与不加亲水性填料制备的亲水性相同。
表2为实施例1-3与对比例4-6进行比较,考察不同制备方法对亲水性海绵物理性能的影响。
通过表2可以看出,不同方法制备的亲水聚氨酯海绵其溶胀率和吸水倍率相差不大,但物理性能差距较大。本发明提供的方案制备的亲水聚氨酯海绵具有较低的溶胀率、吸水率,并同时具有优异的物理性能。
表3为实施例1与对比例7、对比例8进行比较,考察不用亲水性聚合物多元醇对制备的海绵溶胀率、吸水倍率的影响。
通过表2可以看出,采用普通的聚合物多元醇制备的海绵虽然溶胀比与实施例1相近,但其吸水倍率较差。而不用亲水性聚合物多元醇制备的海绵吸水倍率与实施例相近,但其溶胀比明显提高了。本发明采用亲水聚合物多元醇参与制备的亲水聚氨酯海绵具有低溶胀比,高吸水倍率以及优良的物理性能。
根据本发明制备的一种亲水性聚氨酯海绵可以应用于医疗领域,满足医用敷料的要求。
需要说明的是,以上内容仅仅说明了本发明的技术思想,不能以此限定本发明的保护范围,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明原理的前提下,还可以做出若干改进和润饰,这些改进和润饰均落入本发明权利要求书的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

1.一种亲水聚氨酯海绵的制备方法,其特征在于,该方法包括以下步骤:
(1)称取聚醚多元醇X和亲水性聚合物多元醇Y混合均匀,120℃抽真空脱水至水分<0.05%,然后降温至40-50℃加入改性MDI Z,氮气置换三次后,保持65-75℃,0.01-0.05MPa条件下反应2-3小时,制得预聚体,即组分A;
(2)按表面活性剂的用量为去离子水质量的1.1%-3.2%称取去离子水和表面活性剂在35-70℃下搅拌混匀,再降至25℃,得到组分B;
(3)按组分A:组分B质量比为1:1~1:7称取组分A和组分B,快速搅拌后,倒入容器中发泡,将制得的亲水聚氨酯海绵置于带有流动氮气的80℃烘箱中3小时,即得亲水聚氨酯海绵;
步骤(1)中所述聚醚多元醇X的用量为60-90重量份;
步骤(1)中所述亲水聚合物多元醇Y的用量为10-40重量份,其官能度3-6,数均分子量5000,羟值21-68mgKOH/g,不饱和度<0.05mmol/g,所述亲水性聚合物多元醇Y由基础聚醚多元醇、丙烯腈、苯乙烯组成,其中丙烯腈与苯乙烯的质量比为2:1;环氧乙烷含量占基础聚醚多元醇的重量百分比为60%,仲羟基占基础聚醚多元醇的重量百分比为20%。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种亲水聚氨酯海绵的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中所述亲水聚合物多元醇Y的羟值32-53mgKOH/g,固含量20-39%,粘度2500-8000mPa.S/25℃,残单含量<5ppm。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种亲水聚氨酯海绵的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中所述聚醚多元醇X的官能度1.5-2.5,羟值21-70mgKOH/g,数均分子量为2000-4000,环氧乙烷含量占聚醚多元醇X分子量的重量百分比为60%-75%,伯羟基含量为50%-85%,不饱和度<0.05mmol/g。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种亲水聚氨酯海绵的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(3)中组分A的料温为35-45℃,组分B的料温为25-35℃,步骤(3)中所述快速搅拌的时间为10秒。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种亲水聚氨酯海绵的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(1)中改性MDI由质量百分比为47%MDI-50、39%碳化二亚胺改性4,4-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯、10%三甲基-1,6-亚甲基二异氰酸酯、4%四甲基间苯二亚甲基二异氰酸酯混合而成,其NCO%为32.66%。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种亲水聚氨酯海绵的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(1)得到的预聚体NCO%为7%-14%,粘度为5500-15000mPa.s/25℃。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种亲水聚氨酯海绵的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(2)中表面活性剂为聚丙二醇嵌段聚醚,其分子量2200-8400,1%水溶液浊点>50℃,仲羟基含量20-100%,HLB值>12,步骤(2)中搅拌时间为5-10分钟。
8.根据权利要求1所述的一种亲水聚氨酯海绵的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(1)中聚醚多元醇X的起始剂为C8醇、C10醇、C12醇、C14醇、C16醇、C18醇、C8-10醇、C8-14醇、C8-14醇、C12-14醇、C12-18醇、C14-16醇、C16-18醇、C18-16醇、乙二醇、甘油、丙二醇、二甘醇、三羟基丙烷中的两种组成的混合起始剂。
9.一种用权利要求1-8之一所述方法制备的亲水聚氨酯海绵。
10.一种所述亲水聚氨酯海绵在医疗方面的应用。
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