CN116585370A - 一种中药组合物及其在制备用于治疗/预防急性上呼吸道感染的药物中的应用 - Google Patents
一种中药组合物及其在制备用于治疗/预防急性上呼吸道感染的药物中的应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种中药组合物及其在制备用于治疗/预防急性上呼吸道感染的药物中的应用。本发明的中药组合物包含以下原料:生藤、南板蓝根、灯台叶、防风、甘草。本发明的中药组合物融合了中医药,傣族医药和哈尼族医药中治疗和预防急性上呼吸道感染疾病的优秀用药经验,具有多靶点‑多效应‑多途径的医治特点,对病原菌有较为广谱的抑制作用,抗炎效果良好,而且可以通过提高机体免疫能力,有效缓解症状,达到治愈的目的,副作用较小,费用低。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及中医药技术领域,具体涉及一种中药组合物及其在制备用于治疗/预防急性上呼吸道感染的药物中的应用。
背景技术
急性上呼吸道感染(acute upper respiratory tract infection)是指鼻、咽、喉部急性感染性炎症。其中,70%~80%的病症是由病毒感染引起,包括鼻病毒、冠状病毒、腺病毒、呼吸道合胞病毒、流感病毒、埃可病毒和柯萨奇病毒等,另有20%-30%的急性上呼吸道感染为细菌导致,可能单纯发生或继发于病毒感染之后发生,以口腔定植菌溶血性链球菌为多见,其次为流感嗜血杆菌、肺炎链球菌和葡萄球菌等,偶见革兰阴性杆菌。急性上呼吸道感染的症状一般为咽部不适、乾燥或咽痛,喷嚏、流涕、鼻塞、咳嗽,可能还伴有头痛、发热、声音嘶哑、乏力、肢体酸痛、食欲减退,及鼻、咽、喉明显充血、水肿,颌下淋巴结肿大、压痛等。
急性上呼吸道感染是常见疾病,老幼体弱,免疫功能低下或有慢性呼吸道疾病如鼻窦炎、扁桃体炎者更易发病。少数患者可以出现并发症,比如急性的结膜炎、鼻窦炎、中耳炎、扁桃体炎等,或者病原微生物向下呼吸道方向引起急性支气管炎、肺炎。也可能引起急性心肌炎和败血症等重症,危及生命。
对于急性上呼吸道感染一般采用对症治疗,有发热头痛可选用解热止痛药物,例如对乙酰氨基酚片、布洛芬等,咽痛可以用消炎喉片含服,局部雾化治疗,鼻塞、流鼻涕可用1%麻黄素滴鼻等,咳嗽可服用阿斯美等药物。这些对症治疗通常只是暂时改善症状,有时不能有效阻止病情进展。当发生细菌感染时通常选用相应的抗生素治疗,当发生病毒感染时则采用抗病毒药物治疗,亦可选用具有清热解毒和抗病毒作用的中药,有助于改善症状,缩短病程。然而,抗生素和抗病毒药物在治疗急性上呼吸道感染时有时针对性不够,有效性不高,会出现耐药现象,没有预防作用。
目前,治疗急性上呼吸道感染的中成药多使用性味苦寒,清热解表的药物,例如热炎宁合剂、双黄连口服液、抗病毒口服液等,体寒虚弱的人容易出现腹泻,胃寒等不良反应。有时患者寒热交错,不容易判断风寒或风热以对症施药,从而影响疗效。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种对症急性上呼吸道感染的中药组合物,其具有抗细菌感染、抗炎、抗病毒等功效。
为了达到上述目的,本发明提供了一种中药组合物,其包含以下原料:生藤、南板蓝根、灯台叶、防风、甘草。
可选地,所述中药组合物由以下重量份的原料制成:
生藤 4~30重量份
南板蓝根 15~30重量份
灯台叶 4~30重量份
防风 9~30重量份
甘草 5~20重量份。
可选地,所述中药组合物由以下重量份的原料制成:
生藤 15~20份
南板蓝根 20~25份
灯台叶 15~20份
防风 10~15份
甘草 10~15份。
本发明还提供了一种上述的中药组合物在制备用于治疗/预防急性上呼吸道感染的药物中的应用。
可选地,所述药物还包含:医用辅料。
可选地,所述药物的剂型包含水剂、膏剂、丸剂、散剂、颗粒剂、胶囊剂、片剂、茶剂中的任意一种。
本发明中药组合物用于治疗急性上呼吸道感染,具有清肺退热等功效,可明显缓解发热、咳嗽、咽喉肿痛、头疼,肢体酸痛等症状,促进疾病痊愈,疗效可靠,安全。此药物组合资源充裕,取材容易,价格低廉,制作方便,适用范围广泛。
具体实施方式
本发明的中药组合物中生藤为君药,南板蓝根和灯台叶为臣药,防风为佐药,甘草为使药,协同作用,增效减毒。以下为本发明所采用的各种中药材的药理作用:
生藤:
生藤为萝藦科植物须药藤的根茎,傣语称够哈哄,哈尼族语称雾除勒哪企。性温味甘、辛,归肺经和胃经,据《中国傣药志》记载生藤入水,风塔,可通气除风止痛,止咳化痰,续筋接骨。1996年版《云南省药品标准》记载生藤祛风解表,用于伤风感冒,流行性感冒。《云南思茅中草药选》记载生藤可以祛风解表,温中行气,止痛。治感冒、流感、头痛咳嗽、气管炎、胃痛、食积气胀。《云南中草药》记载生藤可以发散风寒,舒筋活络,温胃止痛。治风寒感冒、胃寒疼痛、风湿。在云南普洱地区,民众有用生藤烹制药膳以预防流感的传统习惯。生藤中富含肌苷、次黄嘌呤、鼠尾草酸、硫胺素、N-乙酰-DL-亮氨酸等有效活性物质,起到抗炎、抗病毒、抗癌、扩张血管、调节免疫、保护神经等作用。
南板蓝根:
南板蓝根的药用历史悠久,被广泛的开发为颗粒剂和片剂等使用,具有清热解毒、凉血消斑的功效,归心、胃经,可用于温疫时毒、发热咽痛、温毒发斑和丹毒等病症。现代药理学体内和体外实验证明,从南板蓝根中分离出生物碱、木脂素类、苯乙醇苷类、甾醇、萜类、黄酮等化合物,具有抗菌、抗病毒、抗肿瘤、抗炎、抗氧化等多种药理活性作用,对于流感、乙型脑炎等病毒感染疾病方面均有良好的预防和治疗功效。南板蓝根提取物和生物碱类化合物对金黄色葡萄球菌、结核分枝杆菌等具有抗菌活性。南板蓝根中的色胺酮可以特异性地改变人类冠状病毒刺突蛋白的抗原结构,表现出强的病毒抑制活性。南板蓝根还具有增强免疫力、提高巨噬细胞的吞噬功能、保肝降酶、抗衰老等活性成分。
灯台叶:
灯台叶是常用傣药,傣语习称“摆埋丁别”,味苦、微涩、寒,入火、水塔,具有清火解毒、消肿止痛、止咳化痰的功效,主治咳嗽、气喘、百日咳、胃痛、泄泻、疟疾、跌打损伤、溃疡出血等疾病,收载于《中国药典》(1977年版)和《云南省中药材标准》(2005年版)第七册。现代研究发现,灯台叶主要含生物碱、黄酮、萜类等活性成分,具有止咳平喘、解痉、抗炎、镇痛、抗肿瘤、抗疟疾、抗氧化、免疫调节、调节肠胃、调节血脂和血糖等药理作用。灯台叶生物碱对感染甲型H1N1流感病毒的小鼠表现出显著的死亡保护作用,有效抑制小鼠肺部病毒复制和促炎因子的产生;显著降低感染小鼠肺部的单核细胞来源巨噬细胞、树突状细胞、中性粒细胞的比例,抑制肺泡巨噬细胞的耗竭。
防风:
防风味辛、甘、微温,归肝、脾、膀胱经,有祛风解表、胜湿止痛、止痉等功效。防风是许多中药复方的重要组成药味,被广泛应用于预防和治疗急性上呼吸道感染所引起的各种症状,现代研究分析表明防风中含有多种有明显的解热镇痛、镇静、抗过敏、抑菌、抗炎、抗凝血、提升免疫力的活性物质,例如色原酮、香豆素、色原苷、升麻素苷、聚乙炔及挥发油等。防风中的汉黄芩素有抗癌、抑制肺损伤、保护神经作用,可以减轻微生物感染对肺部和神经的损伤。
甘草:
甘草具有清热解毒、补脾益气、润肺化痰、缓急止痛、调和诸药的功效,主要治疗脾胃虚弱、咳嗽痰多及中毒等。甘草化学成分包括黄酮类、皂苷类、生物碱、氨基酸类、香豆素类、多糖类等,从甘草中分离提取出的主要活性成分被证实具有抗氧化、抗炎、免疫调节、抗溃疡、抗病毒、抗肿瘤、抗抑郁、镇痛、保肝、抗动脉粥样硬化等多种药理作用,甘草及其复方制剂被临床广泛用于治疗各种疾病。通过计算机辅助虚拟筛选并运用现代生物技术及药理学研究方法,证明了甘草中的主要活性成分甘草酸可以显著阻断新冠病毒棘突蛋白和人体内的靶蛋白ACE2相互结合,可抗新冠病毒在人体细胞中的入侵。
通过各种植物中药的组合协同,本发明的药物组合物具有抗炎、抗病毒和细菌感染、抗肿瘤、提高免疫力等功效,对于急性上呼吸道感染微生物所引起的症状有改善作用,可以缩短病程,避免重症发生,危及生命。并且可以提高机体免疫力,有效预防急性上呼吸道感染。肿瘤患者是致病微生物感染的脆弱人群,此药物组合可以成为其对抗急性上呼吸道感染的理想治疗选择。
本发明的中药组合物由以下重量份的原料制成:
生藤 4~30重量份
南板蓝根 15~30重量份
灯台叶 4~30重量份
防风 9~30重量份
甘草 5~20重量份。
在实践过程中,可根据药物的生物效应评价结果以及患者的体质,在上述用量范围内对各种植物中药增减。
下面将结合实施例对本发明的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1
称取生藤30份、南板蓝根20份、灯台叶20份、防风10份、甘草15份,洗净后冷水浸泡1.5小时,以让药材湿润充分膨胀,提高有效成分煎出率。大火煮沸后小火煎煮15分钟,取汁趁热内服。
实施例2
称取生藤20份、南板蓝根15份、灯台叶15份、防风9份、甘草5份,洗净后冷水浸泡1小时,以让药材湿润充分膨胀,提高有效成分煎出率。大火煮沸后小火煎煮15分钟,取汁趁热内服。
实施例3
称取生藤15份、南板蓝根25份、灯台叶30份、防风15份、甘草10份,洗净后冷水浸泡1小时,以让药材湿润充分膨胀,提高有效成分煎出率。大火煮沸后小火煎煮15分钟,取汁趁热内服。
实施例4
称取生藤4份、南板蓝根30份、灯台叶10份、防风30份、甘草5份,洗净后冷水浸泡1小时,以让药材湿润充分膨胀,提高有效成分煎出率。大火煮沸后小火煎煮15分钟,取汁趁热内服。
实施例5
称取生藤10份、南板蓝根20份、灯台叶4份、防风20份、甘草20份,洗净后冷水浸泡1小时,以让药材湿润充分膨胀,提高有效成分煎出率。大火煮沸后小火煎煮15分钟,取汁趁热内服。
本发明的中药组合物也可根据需要添加医用辅料,制成水剂、膏剂、丸剂、散剂、颗粒剂、胶囊剂、片剂、茶剂等其他剂型和抽提物组合物,得到用于治疗/预防急性上呼吸道感染的药物。所述医用辅料可以是环糊精、明胶、纤维素、淀粉、滑石粉、蔗糖、蜂蜜、苯甲钠、山梨酸钾等,根据剂型需要选择任意一种或多种。
云南普洱地区盛产生藤、灯台叶和南板蓝根。六七十年代驻于云南省普洱(思茅)地区的云南生产建设兵团司令部曾在当地广泛使用本发明的药物组合物预防和治疗急性上呼吸道感染疾病,在瘟疫丛生的热带雨林地区维持正常生产建设生活中发挥了积极作用。经回访证实,当年用过此药者疗效良好,无不良药物反应。
治疗实例1
钱某,男,25岁,感染流感病毒后出现发热、咽喉肿痛、咳嗽等症状,采用实施例5的药方,用水煎煮后取汁一日内分六至七次服用,次日症状缓解,三日内患愈,无不良药物反应。
治疗实例2
某藏民家庭,夫40岁,妻38岁,感染乙型流感病毒后均出现发烧39度以上,头疼、咳嗽、四肢酸痛等症状,采用实施例3的药方,用水煎煮后取汁一日内分六至七次服用,次日高烧消退,体温恢复正常,咳嗽大为缓解,头疼和四肢酸痛现象消失,四日后患愈。
女儿18岁,与患病夫妻共同居住,属于密接人员,虽未出现症状,采用实施例4的汤剂服用,连服三日,始终未出现感染症状。服用者均无药物不良反应。
治疗实例3
刘某某,女,74岁感染新型冠状病毒奥密克戎毒株后出现发烧38.5度以上,头疼、四肢酸痛、畏寒、乏力、恶心呕吐、精神欠佳等症状,新型冠状病毒抗原鼻拭子检测为阳性。采用实施例1的药方,用水煎煮后取汁一日内分六至七次服用,次日体温恢复正常无反复,不适症状消失,连续服用三日后,新型冠状病毒抗原鼻拭子检测为阴性,次日核酸检测为阴性。未观察到药物不良反应。
治疗实例4
龚某,男,47岁,感染新型冠状病毒奥密克戎毒株后持续发烧38.5度三日以上,咽喉部位红肿疼痛、鼻塞、咳嗽剧烈、咳痰中有血丝,新型冠状病毒抗原鼻拭子检测为阳性。采用实施例2的药方,用水煎煮后取汁一日内分六至七次服用,次日体温恢复正常无反复,鼻塞咽痛和咳嗽大为缓解,连续服用三日后症状逐渐消失,用药5天后新型冠状病毒抗原鼻拭子检测为阴性,核酸检测为阴性,且未观察到药物不良反应。
急性上呼吸道感染发病率高,主要通过含有病原体的气溶胶和飞沫等经空气传播,或经污染的手和用具接触传播。可引起急性上呼吸道感染的病原体大多为自然界中广泛存在的多种类型病毒、支原体或细菌,同时健康人群亦可携带。由于人体对其感染后产生的免疫力较弱、抗体持续时间短,病原体间也无交叉免疫,故可能反复发病,影响工作和生活;对于一些脆弱人群还可能伴有严重并发症,造成死亡。传播面积广时会严重干扰正常社会运行,有越来越多的研究证据表明有一部分康复者会持续出现生理、心理或认知方面的症状,病毒在不断变异中,疫苗和中和抗体的研发受到挑战。中医药在治疗此类病毒感染疾病方面具有独到优势,积极开发安全有效的预防和治疗急性上呼吸道感染药物可以阻止轻症转化为重症,有效遏制疫情发展,具有重要的社会和经济意义。
另外,肿瘤患者所经受的手术,化疗和放疗等治疗手段常常使其体质虚弱,免疫功能受到影响,容易患急性上呼吸道感染疾病,可能产生严重并发症,影响肿瘤治疗进程,甚至肿瘤有可能加速发展进程。本发明的中药组合物有助于肿瘤患者应对急性上呼吸道感染并对肿瘤治疗起到积极作用。
综上所述,本发明的中药组合物融合了中医药、傣族医药和哈尼族医药,中治疗和预防急性上呼吸道感染疾病的优秀用药经验,具有多靶点-多效应-多途径的医治特点,对病原菌有较为广谱的抑制作用,抗炎效果良好,而且可以通过提高机体免疫能力,有效缓解症状,达到治愈的目的,副作用较小,费用低。而且,本发明的中药组合物性味平和,不伤脾胃,无需判断风寒风热症状而用药,口感好,煎煮时散发的芬芳气味令人肺腑舒畅,儿童接受度高,可开发为儿童用药。
尽管本发明的内容已经通过上述优选实施例作了详细介绍,但应当认识到上述的描述不应被认为是对本发明的限制。在本领域技术人员阅读了上述内容后,对于本发明的多种修改和替代都将是显而易见的。因此,本发明的保护范围应由所附的权利要求来限定。
Claims (6)
1.一种中药组合物,其特征在于,该中药组合物包含以下原料:生藤、南板蓝根、灯台叶、防风、甘草。
2.如权利要求1所述的中药组合物,其特征在于,该中药组合物由以下重量份的原料制成:
3.如权利要求1所述的中药组合物,其特征在于,该中药组合物由以下重量份的原料制成:
4.如权利要求1-3中任意一项所述的中药组合物在制备用于治疗/预防急性上呼吸道感染的药物中的应用。
5.如权利要求4所述的应用,其特征在于,所述药物还包含:医用辅料。
6.如权利要求4所述的应用,所述药物的剂型包含水剂、膏剂、丸剂、散剂、颗粒剂、胶囊剂、片剂、茶剂中的任意一种。
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