CN116549589A - 一种缓解咳嗽气喘的药食同源组合物及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种缓解咳嗽气喘的药食同源组合物及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及功能食品领域技术领域,尤其是涉及一种缓解咳嗽气喘的药食同源组合物及其制备方法和应用,包括以下重量分数的原料:鲜梨块50‑60份、大枣15‑25份、银耳2‑3份、燕窝0.5‑2份、人参片2‑4份、茯苓1.2‑3.7份、炙甘草1.2‑3.7份、炒怀山药1.2‑3.7份、陈皮1.2‑3.7份、桔梗1.2‑3.7份、枇杷果1.2‑3.7份、玉竹1.2‑3.7份、苦杏仁1.2‑3.7份、霜桑叶1.2‑3.7份、干姜1.2‑3.7份、五味子1.2‑3.7份和蜂蜜15‑20份。本发明根据中医药理论,结合人体脏腑的生理特点,精确地选取了安全常规的食材及药食两用药材进行组方,同时选取了对机体新陈代谢及其他生命活动有重要意义的材料为辅料,制备得到的药食同源组合物可有效改善肺气虚咳嗽、肺热咳嗽、肺寒咳嗽和肺燥咳嗽。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及功能食品领域技术领域,尤其是涉及一种缓解咳嗽气喘的药食同源组合物及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
《素问·生气通天论》说:秋伤于湿,上逆而喘;秋伤于湿,冬生咳嗽。两者均讲的是秋伤于湿而出现咳嗽,说明咳与咳嗽没有区别,而湿为咳嗽发生的重要发病因素。
《黄帝内经》中提到“咳嗽上气”,说明咳嗽就是气往上逆。刘河间《伤寒六书》中说:“肺主气,肺为邪所乘,邪气伤肺,气逆而不下,故令咳嗽”,指的是肺气上逆而不能下降,故发为咳嗽。故咳嗽这个病名实际上就是一个症状,是肺气上逆引起的发声。
中医认为,引起咳嗽的因素分为两大类,一类是外感因素,一类是内伤因素。《素问·咳论》曰:“皮毛者,肺之合也,皮毛先受邪气,邪气以从其合也,其寒饮食入胃,从肺脉上至于肺,则肺寒,肺寒则内外合邪,因而客之,则为肺咳”。意指外邪伤皮毛,可内伤于肺;寒冷的饮食进入胃中,亦可循肺之经脉,上至于肺而发为咳嗽。《灵枢·经脉》曰:“肺手太阴之脉,起于中焦,下络大肠,还循胃口,上膈属肺”。
因此,咳嗽的病因主要有两方面:外受寒邪和内伤寒饮,一个外邪,一个内邪,也就是“外内合邪”。《灵枢·百病始生》曰:“外寒寒饮则伤肺”。《景岳全书》曰:“咳嗽之要,止唯二证,一曰外感,一曰内伤”。
外感咳嗽与内伤咳嗽的辩证要点:第一,看咳嗽发病的时间长短,如发病时间为几天或半个月,多为外感,若发病时间为半年、几年,基本属内伤;第二看有无表证,所谓表证就是有恶寒发热、鼻塞喷嚏、脉浮等症状。外感咳嗽是六淫邪气伤肺后引起的咳嗽,以风寒之邪最为主要,分为风寒咳嗽、风热咳嗽和风燥咳嗽。风寒咳嗽除咳嗽、恶寒发热、鼻塞喷嚏等表证外,必有口不渴、咽痒、咳痰稀白、苔薄白、脉浮紧等寒的表现;风热咳嗽除咳嗽、恶寒发热、鼻塞喷嚏、脉浮外,其恶寒较轻,喉中痒而干,甚至咽痛、口渴、咳痰黄稠,舌苔薄黄、脉浮数;风燥咳嗽除咳嗽、恶寒发热、鼻塞喷嚏等表证外,还有咽干、口干、咳嗽痰少而粘,或痰中带血,或咳而无痰,舌红,苔薄少,脉浮数等症。
而内伤咳嗽的辩证要点是:第一,发病时间长,半年以上,甚至多年。第二,无表征。常见的内伤咳嗽有痰饮咳嗽、肝火咳嗽及阴虚咳嗽三种。《金匮要略》大量论述了痰饮咳嗽,重点讲了四饮:痰饮、悬饮、溢饮、支饮。痰饮咳嗽主要是因痰饮作祟,稍受风寒或饮食不慎,即可触发,其最突出的特点是痰多。而痰饮咳嗽临床又分为痰湿咳嗽和痰热咳嗽两种,其中,痰湿咳嗽的症状为咳嗽多痰,痰白而稀,胸闷,口淡不渴,遇冷咳甚,舌苔白腻或白滑,脉象濡滑;痰热咳嗽的症状为咳嗽多痰,痰色黄稠,甚或痰中带血,胸闷,口干,口苦,舌苔黄腻或黄滑,脉滑数。肝火咳嗽又称肝火犯肺,乃肝火亢奋,影响肺金所致,症状为咳嗽而呛,咳则连声为特点,甚则咳血,或痰带血丝,胸胁胀痛,烦热胀痛,面红目赤。舌苔薄黄,脉弦数。阴虚咳嗽因阴虚内燥,肺失滋润,以致肃降无权,肺气上逆所致。其症状为干咳无痰,或痰少而黏,口干,咽干,算干,还兼手足心热、午后烦热等阴虚表现,舌红少苔或无苔,脉细数。
目前,由于频繁的病毒性感染引起的传染病蔓延,在病毒性传染病的后遗症中,肺虚咳嗽、有喘或无喘的人占了相当大的一部分,因此,如何有效治疗或者调理好这种后遗症,以减少病毒对人体造成的持续的危害,更是显得非常迫切。
现有技术中与咳喘类相关的产品,从水果、蔬菜到谷物,从食品到药品,从吃进人体的到外用的,可谓五花八门,不尽相同。其中,止咳平喘化学药氨茶碱、舒瑞宁、克咳胶囊等类的西药,在帮病人止咳平喘的同时,也或多或少地带来了诸多的不良反应,包括对肝肾等脏器损害较大,部分西药甚至具有耐药性,不适宜长期服用。而中药在整个咳喘类药物中占有很大的比重,具有种类繁多,竞争激烈的特点,并且相比于西药,中成药副作用少,更加安全。
目前,相关企业也开发上市了不少效果好、安全有效的中成药,同时,一些食品生产企业,也陆续开发上市了一些对缓解肺虚咳嗽方面有较好调理作用的保健食品。但是这些食品其缓解肺虚咳嗽的作用,仅为“治标”,即仅为对症治疗,并不能“治本”,并且很多情况下还会对人体产生各种副作用。
鉴于此,本发明提出了一种既能缓解肺虚咳嗽,又能对各种亚健康富贵病有很好调理作用的药食同源功能性食品。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种缓解咳嗽气喘的药食同源组合物及其制备方法和应用,该药食同源组合物可有效改善肺气虚咳嗽、肺热咳嗽、肺寒咳嗽和肺燥咳嗽。
第一方面,本发明提供一种缓解咳嗽气喘的药食同源组合物,包括以下重量分数的原料:
鲜梨块50-60份、大枣15-25份、银耳2-3份、燕窝0.5-2份、人参片2-4份、茯苓1.2-3.7份、炙甘草1.2-3.7份、炒怀山药1.2-3.7份、陈皮1.2-3.7份、桔梗1.2-3.7份、枇杷果1.2-3.7份、玉竹1.2-3.7份、苦杏仁1.2-3.7份、霜桑叶1.2-3.7份、干姜1.2-3.7份、五味子1.2-3.7份和蜂蜜15-20份。
鲜梨块:味甘微酸,性凉;主治:生津,润燥,清热,化痰;治热病津伤烦渴,消渴,热咳,痰热惊狂,噎膈,便秘。
银耳:味甘淡,性平;功能主治:滋阴,润肺,养胃,生津;治虚劳咳嗽,痰中带血,虚热口渴。
燕窝:性平味甘;适合所有体质的人群服用,能滋补人的机体;
从归经看,燕窝归肺、胃、肾三经。归肺经,肺主气司呼吸,肺主皮毛,所以燕窝能养阴润燥,能治疗肺阴虚、咳嗽、盗汗、咯血等症,能滋阴润肺补而不燥;养颜美容使皮肤光滑、有弹性和光泽;归胃经,脾胃是人的中土,属中焦,所以燕窝能益气补中,能治疗胃气虚、胃阴虚所致的反胃、干呕等症,能益气补中促进血液循环,增进胃的消化和肠道吸收力;归肾经,肾主精,肾主生殖,肾主水,肾主大便小便,肾为气之根,所以燕窝能治疗气虚、多汗、尿多等症。
人参片:性温,味甘、微苦、微温;归脾、肺经;功能主治:大补元气,复脉固脱,补脾益肺,生津,安神。用于体虚欲脱、肢冷脉微、脾虚食少、肺虚喘咳、津伤口渴。
茯苓:味甘淡性平,归心脾肾经;甘淡渗利,性平不偏,并兼补虚,入脾肾心经,既渗湿利水,又健脾宁心,凡水湿、停饮,无论寒热或兼否脾虚皆宜;功效:利水渗湿、健脾、安神;主治:小便不利,水肿,痰饮;既可祛邪,又可扶正,利水而不伤正气,为利水消肿之要药;脾虚诸证,兼便溏或泄泻者尤佳;对心悸、失眠效果非常好。
炙甘草:味甘,性平;归心、肺、脾、胃经;功效:补脾益气,清热解毒,祛痰止咳,缓急止痛,调和诸药;功能主治:用于脾胃虚弱,倦怠乏力,心悸气短,咳嗽痰多,脘腹、四肢挛急疼痛,痈肿疮毒,缓解药物毒性、烈性。
怀山药:甘,平;归脾、肺、肾经;甘平补虚,归脾肺肾经,虽药力平和,但兼涩敛之性;既平补气阴,为治气虚或气阴虚之佳品,又滋阴益气而生津,为治肾阴虚及消渴所常用;功效:益气养阴,补脾肺肾,固精止带;主治:脾虚气弱、食少便溏或泄泻,肺虚或肺肾两虚的喘咳,肾阴虚证,消渴证,肾虚遗精、尿频、带下;炒制后效果更佳。
陈皮:辛、苦、温;归脾、肺经;辛散苦降,温和不峻,芳香醒脾,入脾肺经;既理气运脾而调中快膈,又燥湿理气而化痰浊,凡气滞、湿阻、痰壅之证即可投用,兼寒者最宜;功效:理气,调中,燥湿,化痰;主治:脾胃气滞之脘腹胀满或疼痛,消化不良;湿浊阻中之胸闷脾胀、纳呆便溏,痰湿壅肺之咳嗽气喘。
桔梗:苦、辛、平,归肺经;辛散苦泄,药性平和,质轻上浮,专走肺经;既善开宣肺气、祛痰利咽,又兼排脓,主治咳嗽痰多、咽痛音哑及肺痈吐脓;功效:宣肺,利咽,祛痰,排脓;主治病证:咳嗽痰多,咯痰不爽,咽痛音哑,肺痈胸痛、咳吐脓血、痰黄腥臭。
枇杷果:味甘、微酸,性凉;功效:润肺止咳,生津止渴,和胃降逆;主治:主要用于治疗肺热和咳嗽、久咳不愈、咽干口渴及胃气不足等病症。
玉竹:玉竹,味甘性平,归肺胃经;功效:滋阴润肺,生津养胃;主治:肺燥咳嗽,阴虚劳嗽,阴虚外感;对胃阴虚的舌干口燥及消渴,也有治疗的作用。
苦杏仁:苦,微温;归肺、大肠经;苦温润降,入肺与大肠经;上能降肺气以止咳喘,下能润肠以通大便,并略兼宣肺之功,善治多种咳喘与肠燥便秘;功效:止咳平喘,润肠通便;主治:咳嗽气喘,肠燥便秘。
霜桑叶:甘、苦、寒,归肺、肝经;质轻疏散,苦寒清泄,甘而兼润;入肺经,能疏散风热、清润肺燥;入肝经,能清炎益阴而明目,并兼凉血而止血,主治风热、燥热、血热所致诸病;功效:疏散风热,清肺润燥,平肝明目,凉血止血;主治病证:风热感冒或温病初起之咳嗽头痛,肺热燥咳,肝阳眩晕,目赤肿痛,视物昏花,血热吐衄轻证。
干姜:味辛,性热;归脾、胃、肾、心、肺经;功效:温中散寒,回阳通脉,温肺化饮;主治:用于脘腹冷痛,呕吐泄泻,肢冷脉微,寒饮喘咳。
五味子:酸、温;归肺、肾、心经;味酸收涩,性温质润,敛、补兼备,入肺肾经;上能敛肺止咳平喘,下能滋阴涩精止泻,内能生津宁心安神,外能固表收敛止汗;功效:敛肺滋肾,生津敛汗,涩精止泻,宁心安神;主治病证:肺虚久咳或肺肾不足的咳喘等。
蜂蜜:甘、平;归脾、肺、大肠经;甘平补润,入脾、肺、大肠经;既补中缓急,治脾胃虚弱、脘腹疼痛;又润肺止咳,治肺虚咳嗽、燥咳;还润肠、解毒,治肠燥便秘;功效:补中缓急,润肺止咳,滑肠通便,解毒;主治病证:燥咳少痰,肺虚久咳等症。
本发明药食同源组合物的设计原理及配伍原理为:
中医认为脾胃为土,肺为金,土生金,即肺金来说,实则泻其子,虚则补其母,因此,本发明的药食同源组合物主要通过补肺气改善咳嗽咳喘,而除了单独补肺气,补脾土也可以达到补肺气之功。
本发明中茯苓、怀山药、炙甘草和蜂蜜组合使用能够健脾胃,并且均可以补土,故均可补肺气,补肺虚;而糯性银耳、茯苓和炒怀山药,色白入肺,人参片,大补元气,补心肺脾胃之气,可以很好地补充肺气,诸药合用,即可达到效补肺气,改善肺气虚造成的咳嗽;桔梗,专入肺经,是肺经的引经药,善开宣肺气、祛痰利咽,又兼排脓;梨块、枇杷果和霜桑叶,药性寒凉,可有效改善肺热咳嗽;玉竹、蜂蜜和燕窝,药性平稍凉,可补肺阴虚,有效改善肺阴虚造成的燥咳;陈皮、苦杏仁、五味子和干姜,药性温热,可以温肺化饮化痰,有效改善肺寒咳嗽。
本发明根据中医药理论,结合人体脏腑的生理特点,精确地选取了安全常规的食材及药食两用药材进行组方,同时选取了对机体新陈代谢及其他生命活动有重要意义的材料为辅料。上述所选材料的性味与归经、成份与功效,用法与用量符合中药学和国家相关的法律法规的规定,并且各组分之间可发挥协同功能,最低用量即可达到最佳效果。
研究表明,本发明的药食同源组合物可有效改善肺气虚咳嗽、肺热咳嗽、肺寒咳嗽和肺燥咳嗽。
糯性银耳富含脂肪、蛋白质以及微量元素,相比于银耳口感更加软糯,因此,本发明所使用的银耳优选为糯性银耳。
第二方面,本发明还公开了上述药食同源组合物的制备方法,具体包括以下步骤:
S1、将茯苓、炙甘草、炒怀山药、陈皮、桔梗、枇杷果、玉竹、苦杏仁、霜桑叶、干姜和五味子进行常压提取,合并滤液,得到中药提取液;
S2、将中药提取液与蜂蜜混合,得到混合汤汁;
S3、将鲜梨块、大枣、燕窝、人参片和糯性银耳进行分装,并加入混合汤汁,得到药食同源组合物。
其中,步骤S1中,将炙甘草、陈皮、桔梗、枇杷果、玉竹、霜桑叶、干姜和五味子的混合物依次进行浸泡和常压提取,合并滤液,得到第一中药提取液;
而对于茯苓、炒怀山药和苦杏仁比较坚硬的块状物质,需先研磨成粗粉后再进行浸泡提取,以提高其活性物质提取效率。具体地,将茯苓、炒怀山药和苦杏仁混合研磨后,依次进行浸泡和常压提取,合并滤液,得到第二中药提取液。
作为本技术方案优选地,为更大程度的软化中药材,提高浸泡提取的效果,提高活性物质利用率,所述浸泡时,控制混合物与水的质量比为1:(4-10),浸泡温度为50-70℃,时间为30-90min。并且,所述常压提取时,至少进行3次,每次提取后过滤药液,留取药渣,最后将每次提取得到的药液合并并过滤;并且,每次提取时,所用水量为混合物质量的4-10倍,且每次提取的时间为2-3h。
作为本技术方案优选地,所述糯性银耳使用之前,常温泡发0.5-1.5h,沥干水分备用。
作为本技术方案优选地,还包括灭菌,所述灭菌时,将分装后的药食同源组合物密封后置于119-121℃高压蒸汽灭菌锅中处理30min。
第三方面,本发明还公开了上述药食同源组合物的应用,具体为所述药食同源组合物在制备防治肺气虚咳嗽、肺热咳嗽、肺寒咳嗽和肺燥咳嗽的药物或保健食品中的应用,也理应属于本发明的保护范围。
本发明的缓解咳嗽气喘的药食同源组合物,至少具有以下技术效果:
1、本发明中茯苓、怀山药、炙甘草和蜂蜜,均能健脾胃,都可以补土,故均可补肺气,补肺虚;而糯性银耳、茯苓、炒怀山药,色白入肺,人参片,大补元气,补心肺脾胃之气,可以很好地补充肺气,诸药合用,即可达到效补肺气,改善肺气虚造成的咳嗽;桔梗,专入肺经,是肺经的引经药,善开宣肺气、祛痰利咽,又兼排脓;梨块、枇杷果、霜桑叶,药性寒凉,可有效改善肺热咳嗽;玉竹、蜂蜜、燕窝,药性平稍凉,可补肺阴虚,有效改善肺阴虚造成的燥咳;陈皮、苦杏仁、五味子、干姜,药性温热,可以温肺化饮化痰,有效改善肺寒咳嗽。因此,本发明的药食同源组合物可有效改善肺气虚咳嗽、肺热咳嗽、肺寒咳嗽和肺燥咳嗽;
2、本发明的缓解咳嗽气喘的药食同源组合物克服了现有止咳平喘类产品治标不治本的缺陷,既能补肺气又能缓解咳嗽气喘,治标又治本;
3、本发明根据中医药理论,采用辩证论治的方法,精确的选取安全的药食两用的食材和药材进行组方,并选取了对机体新陈代谢及其他生命活动有重要意义的材料为辅料,所使用的原料均经过了相关国标质量检测及中药材生产质量管理规范(GAP)认证,可长期服食,效果明显且无任何毒副作用。
具体实施方式
应该指出,以下详细说明都是例示性的,旨在对本申请提供进一步的说明。除非另有指明,本文使用的所有技术和科学术语具有与本申请所属技术领域的普通技术人员通常理解的相同含义。
需要注意的是,这里所使用的术语仅是为了描述具体实施方式,而非意图限制根据本申请的示例性实施方式。如在这里所使用的,除非上下文另外明确指出,否则单数形式也包括复数形式,此外,还应当理解的是,当在本说明中使用术语“包含”和/或“包括”时,其指明存在特征、步骤、操作、器件、组件和/或它们的组合。
下面将结合实施例对本发明的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1
原料:
鲜梨块50-60g、大枣2粒、糯性银耳2g、燕窝1g、人参片2片、茯苓2.5g、炙甘草2.5g、炒怀山药2.5g、陈皮2.5g、桔梗2.5g、枇杷果2.5g、玉竹2.5g、苦杏仁2.5g、霜桑叶2.5g、干姜2.5g、五味子2.5g和蜂蜜15g。
制备方法:
S11、将炙甘草、陈皮、桔梗、枇杷果、玉竹、霜桑叶、干姜和五味子混合,加入10倍重量的水,于60℃下浸泡60min,后于100℃开水中提取3次,每次提取3h,每次提取后过滤药液,留取药渣,最后将每次提取得到的药液合并并过滤,得到第一中药提取液;将茯苓、炒怀山药和苦杏仁混合研磨成粗粉后,加入10倍重量的水,于60℃下浸泡60min,后于100℃开水中提取3次,每次提取3h,每次提取后过滤药液,留取药渣,最后将每次提取得到的药液合并并过滤得到第二中药提取液;
S12、将第一中药提取液、第二中药提取液与蜂蜜混合,得到混合汤汁;
S13、将糯性干银耳于5倍饮用水中常温泡发1h,沥干后同鲜梨块、大枣、燕窝和人参片分装于252g容量的铝碗中,并加入混合汤汁,密封后置于119-121℃高压蒸汽灭菌锅中处理30min,得到药食同源的功能性药膳羹。
实施例2
原料:
鲜梨块50-60g、大枣1粒、糯性银耳2g、燕窝0.5g、人参片1片、茯苓2g、炙甘草2g、炒怀山药2.5g、陈皮2g、桔梗1.5g、枇杷果1.5g、玉竹2g、苦杏仁2g、霜桑叶2g、干姜2.5g、五味子1.5g和蜂蜜15g。
制备方法:
S21、将炙甘草、陈皮、桔梗、枇杷果、玉竹、霜桑叶、干姜和五味子混合,加入10倍重量的水,于60℃下浸泡60min,后于100℃开水中提取3次,每次提取3h,每次提取后过滤药液,留取药渣,最后将每次提取得到的药液合并并过滤,得到第一中药提取液;将茯苓、炒怀山药和苦杏仁混合研磨成粗粉后,加入10倍重量的水,于60℃下浸泡60min,后于100℃开水中提取3次,每次提取3h,每次提取后过滤药液,留取药渣,最后将每次提取得到的药液合并并过滤得到第二中药提取液;
S22、将第一中药提取液、第二中药提取液与蜂蜜混合,得到混合汤汁;
S23、将糯性干银耳于5倍饮用水中常温泡发1h,沥干后同鲜梨块、大枣、燕窝和人参片分装于252g容量的铝碗中,并加入混合汤汁,密封后置于119-121℃高压蒸汽灭菌锅中处理30min,得到药食同源的功能性药膳羹。
实施例3
原料:
鲜梨块50-60g、大枣1粒、糯性银耳2g、燕窝1g、人参片1片、茯苓1.2g、炙甘草1.2g、炒怀山药1.2g、陈皮1.2g、桔梗2g、枇杷果2g、玉竹2g、苦杏仁1.5g、霜桑叶1.5g、干姜2g、五味子1.2g和蜂蜜15g。
制备方法:
S31、将炙甘草、陈皮、桔梗、枇杷果、玉竹、霜桑叶、干姜和五味子混合,加入10倍重量的水,于60℃下浸泡60min,后于100℃开水中提取3次,每次提取3h,每次提取后过滤药液,留取药渣,最后将每次提取得到的药液合并并过滤,得到第一中药提取液;将茯苓、炒怀山药和苦杏仁混合研磨成粗粉后,加入10倍重量的水,于60℃下浸泡60min,后于100℃开水中提取3次,每次提取3h,每次提取后过滤药液,留取药渣,最后将每次提取得到的药液合并并过滤得到第二中药提取液;
S32、将第一中药提取液、第二中药提取液与蜂蜜混合,得到混合汤汁;
S33、将糯性干银耳于5倍饮用水中常温泡发1h,沥干后同鲜梨块、大枣、燕窝和人参片分装于252g容量的铝碗中,并加入混合汤汁,密封后置于119-121℃高压蒸汽灭菌锅中处理30min,得到药食同源的功能性药膳羹。
对照例1
使用具有相同功效的党参替代人参,生姜替代干姜,其他原料及制备方法基本同实施例1。
对照例2
使用具有相同功效的化橘红替代桔梗,甜杏仁替代苦杏仁,其他原料及制备方法基本同实施例1。
对照例3
将桔梗的用量调整为1g,将苦杏仁的用量调整为1g,将枇杷果的用量调整为1g,将五味子的用量调整为1g,其他原料及用量基本同实施例1。
对照例4
将茯苓、炙甘草、炒怀山药、陈皮、桔梗、枇杷果、玉竹、苦杏仁、霜桑叶、干姜和五味子混合后加入10倍重量的水,于60℃下浸泡60min,后于100℃开水中提取3次,每次提取3h,每次提取后过滤药液,留取药渣,最后将每次提取得到的药液合并并过滤得到中药提取液;
其他制备步骤基本同实施例1。
对照例5
使用市售复方甘草口服液。
1、人体止咳效果评价实验
寻找160位咳嗽患者,年龄18-60岁之间,其中,男士60人,女士100人,随机分成8组,每组中均包括5名肺气虚咳嗽、5名肺热咳嗽、5名肺寒咳嗽和5名肺燥咳嗽的,并且,经统计学计算,每组患者之间无显著差异,具有可比性;
8组患者分别服用实施例1-3、对照例1-4中所制备的药食同源组合物以及复方甘草口服液,其中,药食同源组合物为饭前服用,每日一碗,连续服用6天;复方甘草口服液每日服用3次,每次10mL(按产品说明书进行服用),连续服用6天;于第2天、第4天和第6天观察并记录患者的咳嗽情况,其中表1-2为统计结果。
其中,肺气虚咳嗽诊断标准:咳嗽声低无力,喘息短气,声低懒言,痰多清稀,面色不荣,畏寒自汗,疲乏无力,容易感冒,甚至容易出现便秘,或者大便时有汗出气短等症状;脉象可见脉虚或者脉细弱,舌象可见舌质淡,舌苔薄白;
肺热咳嗽诊断标准:风热咳嗽除咳嗽、恶寒发热、鼻塞喷嚏、脉浮外,其恶寒较轻,喉中痒而干,甚至咽痛、口渴、咳痰黄稠,舌苔薄黄、脉浮数;
肺寒咳嗽诊断标准:风寒咳嗽除咳嗽、恶寒发热、鼻塞喷嚏等表证外,必有口不渴、咽痒、咳痰稀白、苔薄白、脉浮紧等寒的表现;
肺燥咳嗽诊断标准:风燥咳嗽除咳嗽、恶寒发热、鼻塞喷嚏等表证外,还有咽干、口干、咳嗽痰少而粘,或痰中带血,或咳而无痰,舌红,苔薄少,脉浮数等症。属于阴虚肺燥型的咳嗽,多见于秋季干燥之时。
而疗效判定标准为:
治愈:无咳嗽症状;
显效:咳嗽减轻,痰量减少;
无效:症状无明显变化。
总有效率=(治愈例数+显效例数)/总例数×100%
表1实施例1-3及对照例1-5治疗结果
治愈(人) | 显效(人) | 无效(人) | 总有效率(%) | |
实施例1 | 15 | 5 | 0 | 100 |
实施例2 | 12 | 6 | 2 | 90 |
实施例3 | 11 | 6 | 3 | 85 |
对照例1 | 3 | 11 | 6 | 70 |
对照例2 | 3 | 12 | 5 | 75 |
对照例3 | 2 | 12 | 6 | 70 |
对照例4 | 4 | 11 | 5 | 75 |
对照例5 | 7 | 5 | 8 | 60 |
通过上表得知,本发明实施例1-3中的制得的药食同源组合物对于各种咳嗽均具有较好的治疗效果,并明显优于对照例1-4中的药食同源组合物和复方甘草口服液,其中,实施例1的治疗效果最佳,治愈人数高达15人,总有效率高达100%。
表2不同时间段具体治疗情况表
由表2可知,实施例1-3中的药食同源组合物对于患者的咳嗽情况具有很好的治疗效果,效果明显优于对照例1-5中的治疗情况。
其中,将对照例1-4与实施例1-3进行对比可知,将组方中的药物替换为具有相同功效的药物、改变药物的用量和改变制备方法后,所得药食同源组合物的治疗效果均有不同程度的下降,由此表明,本发明并非任意具有相似功效物质的叠加或组合,其用量也是大量实验筛选得到的结果,组合物中的各药物之间存在相互协同、相互促进作用,可显著提高对咳嗽的治疗效果;并且服用本发明的药食同源组合物后,患者无任何不适感,未出现口干、口苦、燥热、恶寒等症状,进一步表明本发明的药食同源组合物温润平和、散寒不助热、去热不增寒。
2、动物实验
取小鼠50只,按性别、体重随机分成5组,依次对应为实施例1组、对照例1组、对照例2组、急支颗粒组和空白组。
适应性饲养3d后,灌胃给药3次/d,连续7d,其中,实施例1及对照例1-2的药食同源组合物每次按300g/kg体重给药;急支颗粒每次按2.1g/kg体重给药,每日服用1次;空白组按每次按300g/kg体重灌生理盐水。
末次给药1h后,将小鼠逐一放入2.0L密闭干燥容器内,恒压喷入25%浓氨水,喷雾5s引咳,观察并记录其咳嗽潜伏期及2min内咳嗽次数。以咳嗽潜伏期及2min内咳嗽次数作为评价药物镇咳的指标,评价止咳效果,结果如表3所示。
表3止咳效果
组别 | 给药剂量(g/kg体重) | 潜伏期(s) | 2min内咳嗽次数 |
实施例1 | 300 | 82.5±13.83* | 16.8±2.96* |
对照例1 | 300 | 59.6±9.59* | 28.8±6.96* |
对照例2 | 300 | 54.2±11.29* | 24.98±5.37* |
急支颗粒组 | 2.1 | 52.2±10.266* | 33.2±2.23* |
空白组 | 0 | 38.2±4.08 | 44.5±6.01 |
注:与空白组相比,*P<0.05。
由表3可知,实施例1组比空白组平均咳嗽潜伏期时间延长达44秒,且2min内平均咳嗽次数明显减少;而实施例1组与对照例1-2、急支颗粒组相比,平均咳嗽潜伏期时间延长也可达20秒以上,2min内平均咳嗽次数也有不同程度的降低。由此表明,本发明的药食同源组合物具有明显镇咳、止咳的作用,且优于市售急支颗粒。
综上,本发明的药食同源组合物可有效改善肺气虚咳嗽、肺热咳嗽、肺寒咳嗽和肺燥咳嗽。
最后,需要说明的一点是,本发明所选用的所有原料均为卫生部最新公布的“既是食品又是药品”和“可用于保健食品”,因此,本发明的药食同源组合物可长期食用,无副作用。
最后应说明的是:以上各实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案,而非对其限制;尽管参照前述各实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明,本领域的普通技术人员应当理解:其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改,或者对其中部分或者全部技术特征进行等同替换;而这些修改或者替换,并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明各实施例技术方案的范围。
Claims (10)
1.一种缓解咳嗽气喘的药食同源组合物,其特征在于,包括以下重量分数的原料:
鲜梨块50-60份、大枣15-25份、银耳2-3份、燕窝0.5-2份、人参片2-4份、茯苓1.2-3.7份、炙甘草1.2-3.7份、炒怀山药1.2-3.7份、陈皮1.2-3.7份、桔梗1.2-3.7份、枇杷果1.2-3.7份、玉竹1.2-3.7份、苦杏仁1.2-3.7份、霜桑叶1.2-3.7份、干姜1.2-3.7份、五味子1.2-3.7份和蜂蜜15-20份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的药食同源组合物,其特征在于,所述银耳为糯性银耳。
3.权利要求1-2任一项所述药食同源组合物的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
S1、将茯苓、炙甘草、炒怀山药、陈皮、桔梗、枇杷果、玉竹、苦杏仁、霜桑叶、干姜和五味子进行常压提取,合并滤液,得到中药提取液;
S2、将中药提取液与蜂蜜混合,得到混合汤汁;
S3、将鲜梨块、大枣、燕窝、人参片和糯性银耳进行分装,并加入混合汤汁,得到药食同源组合物。
4.根据权利要求3所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤S1中,将炙甘草、陈皮、桔梗、枇杷果、玉竹、霜桑叶、干姜和五味子的混合物依次进行浸泡和常压提取,合并滤液,得到第一中药提取液;
将茯苓、炒怀山药和苦杏仁混合研磨后,依次进行浸泡和常压提取,合并滤液,得到第二中药提取液。
5.根据权利要求4所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述浸泡时,控制混合物与水的质量比为1:(4-10),浸泡温度为50-70℃,时间为30-90min。
6.根据权利要求4所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述常压提取时,至少进行3次,每次提取后过滤药液,留取药渣,最后将每次提取得到的药液合并并过滤;
每次提取时,所用水量为混合物质量的4-10倍,且每次提取的时间为2-3h。
7.根据权利要求4所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述研磨时,将混合物研磨至粗粉。
8.根据权利要求3所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述糯性银耳使用之前,常温泡发0.5-1.5h。
9.根据权利要求3所述的制备方法,其特征在于,还包括灭菌,所述灭菌时,将分装后的药食同源组合物密封后置于119-121℃高压蒸汽灭菌锅中处理30min。
10.权利要求1-2任一项所述药食同源组合物的应用,其特征在于,所述药食同源组合物在制备防治肺气虚咳嗽、肺热咳嗽、肺寒咳嗽和肺燥咳嗽的药物或保健食品中的应用。
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