CN116516000A - 靶向激活雌激素受体gper在抗急性髓系白血病中的应用 - Google Patents
靶向激活雌激素受体gper在抗急性髓系白血病中的应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及靶向激活雌激素受体GPER在抗急性髓系白血病细胞方面的应用,属于生物医学研究技术领域。本发明要解决的技术问题是为治疗急性髓系白血病提供一种新的分子靶点。GPER在急性髓系白血病中的表达水平较健康人低;利用GPER特异性激动剂靶向激活GPER,能够有效地抑制白血病细胞的生长能力,并且抑制白血病细胞周期,使大部分细胞阻滞在G2期,促进细胞凋亡。新型雌激素膜受体GPER有望成为急性髓系白血病新的分子治疗靶点。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于生物医学研究技术领域,具体涉及新型雌激素受体GPER激活在抗急性髓系白血病中的应用。
背景技术
急性髓系白血病(acute myeloid leukemia,AML)是一类造血细胞发生遗传学改变、进而衍生为高度异质性的血液系统恶性肿瘤,是成人急性白血病最常见的类型。众所周知,AML主要的治疗方法是干细胞移植和化疗干细胞移植治疗具有一定的限制性,标准化疗则是“7+3”方案,即采用7天阿糖胞苷联合3天柔红霉素等蒽环类药物进行化疗,但仍有40%的患者未达到完全缓解。因此,亟须进一步寻找用于治疗AML的特异性靶点及精准化疗药物。
随着人们对肿瘤生物学行为认识的不断深入,性别差异被报道与肿瘤的发生率和总体生存率密切相关。值得注意的是,雌激素是性别差异的重要影响因素,并且雌激素主要通过雌激素受体发挥作用。近年来,雌激素受体也成为研究的热点。其中,G蛋白偶联雌激素受体(G protein-coupled estrogen receptor,GPER)是一种新型的雌激素膜受体,其介导的雌激素效应与经典的雌激素核受体(ERα,ERβ)介导的基因组效应截然不同,表现出“快速”、“非基因组”信号活化等特点。GPER激活常通过MAPK或PI3K信号通路调控肿瘤细胞的增殖、周期、凋亡等生物学行为。最新研究发现,GPER特异性激动剂G-1靶向激活GPER从而抑制乳腺癌、结直肠癌、肝细胞癌和套细胞淋巴瘤等癌症的发生发展。然而,靶向激活GPER在急性髓系白血病进展中的作用还未见报道。
发明内容
1.本发明要解决的技术问题是为治疗急性髓系白血病提供一种新的策略,以解决背景技术中所提出的问题。
2.为解决上述技术问题,本发明的实施例提供一种实验性验证靶向激活雌激素受体GPER在治疗急性髓系白血病方面的应用,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)检测GPER在白血病中的表达情况:首先,利用Oncomine和Beat AML数据库分析白血病患者GPER的基因表达水平以及GPER在男性和女性患者中的表达是否存在差异;其次,利用实时荧光定量PCR(quantitative real time PCR,qRT-PCR),蛋白质印迹法(Western Blotting),免疫组化试验和免疫荧光试验检测白血病原代细胞和细胞系中GPER的表达水平和定位;最后,利用http://www.urogene.org/cgi-bin/methprimer/ methprimer.cgi网站和亚硫酸氢基因组DNA测序分析GPER的CpG岛上的甲基化位点,并用去甲基化药物5-Aza处理后检测GPER的mRNA表达水平。
(2)GPER特异性激动剂G-1对白血病细胞增殖和周期的影响:首先采用GPER的特异性激动剂G-1处理白血病细胞系、白血病原代细胞及健康人的外周血CD34+细胞,然后利用活细胞计数试剂盒(Cell Counting Kit-8,CCK-8)、5-乙炔基-2-脱氧尿苷(5-ethynyl-2’-deoxyuridine,EdU)细胞增殖检测试剂盒和克隆形成试验检测白血病细胞增殖能力的改变。此外,采用不同浓度的G-1处理白血病细胞24h,再利用流式细胞术(flow cytometry,FCM)观察细胞周期的改变;进一步利用Western Blotting检测细胞周期相关蛋白的改变。
(3)GPER特异性激动剂G-1对白血病细胞凋亡的影响:首先采用不同浓度的G-1处理白血病细胞系、白血病原代细胞及健康人的外周血CD34+细胞24h,再利用流式细胞术(flow cytometry,FCM)观察细胞凋亡的改变;其次,利用Western Blotting检测细胞凋亡相关蛋白的改变以及线粒体部分细胞色素C的释放情况。
(4)干扰或过表达GPER对G-1抑制白血病细胞增殖和促凋亡的影响:首先,利用shRNA慢病毒载体在OCI-AML2细胞系敲低GPER,然后用G-1处理白血病细胞,利用CCK-8检测细胞增殖,利用FCM检测细胞凋亡;并利用pcDNA3.1-EGFP/HA-GPER质粒在KG1a细胞系中过表达GPER,然后用G-1处理白血病细胞,利用CCK-8检测细胞增殖,利用FCM检测细胞凋亡。
3.与现有技术相比,本发明具有如下优点:
(1)本发明首次报道新型雌激素受体GPER在急性髓系白血病细胞系中低表达,且GPER低表达与DNA启动子区甲基化有关,提示我们雌激素受体GPER有望成为急性髓系白血病治疗新的分子靶点。
(2)本发明首次报道靶向激活GPER能够通过增加白血病细胞G2/M期阻滞并促进凋亡进而抑制细胞系和原代细胞体外增殖能力,而对正常细胞无影响,揭示了雌激素受体GPER的特异性激动剂G-1有望用于临床治疗急性髓系白血病。
附图说明
图1A、图1B分别显示为在Oncomine和Beat AML 2个独立数据库来源的白血病患者中GPER的表达情况。
图1C显示为在Beat AML数据库来源的白血病男性和女性患者中GPER的表达情况。
图1D、图1E、图1F分别显示为在白血病原代细胞中GPER基因和蛋白的表达情况。
图1G、图1H、图1I显示为在白血病细胞系中GPER基因和蛋白的表达情况及亚细胞定位。
图1J、图1K显示为GPER的CpG岛上的甲基化位点。
图1L显示为去甲基化药物5-Aza处理对GPER的mRNA表达水平的影响。
图2A、2B显示为利用CCK-8实验观察G-1处理的白血病细胞系生长能力的改变。
图2C显示为利用CCK-8实验观察G-1处理的白血病原代细胞和健康人外周血CD34+细胞生长能力的改变。
图2D显示为利用EdU实验观察G-1处理的白血病细胞系增殖能力的改变。
图2E显示为利用克隆形成实验观察G-1处理的白血病细胞系增殖能力的改变。
图2F显示为利用FCM实验观察G-1处理的白血病细胞系周期的改变。
图2G显示为利用蛋白质印迹法观察G-1处理的白血病细胞系周期相关蛋白的表达情况。
图3A显示为利用FCM实验观察G-1处理的白血病细胞系凋亡的改变。
图3B显示为利用FCM实验观察G-1处理的白血病原代细胞和健康人外周血CD34+细胞凋亡的改变。
图3C显示为利用Western Blotting观察G-1处理的白血病细胞系凋亡相关蛋白的表达情况。
图3D显示为利用Western Blotting观察G-1处理的白血病细胞系线粒体部分细胞色素C的表达情况。
图4A显示为利用Western Blotting观察敲低GPER的OCI-AML2中GPER的表达情况。
图4B显示为利用CCK-8实验观察敲低GPER后G-1处理的白血病细胞系生长能力的改变。
图4C显示为利用FCM实验观察敲低GPER后G-1处理的白血病细胞系凋亡的改变。
图4D显示为利用Western Blotting观察过表达GPER的KG1a中GPER的表达情况。
图4E显示为利用CCK-8实验观察过表达GPER后G-1处理的白血病细胞系生长能力的改变。
图4F显示为利用FCM实验观察过表达GPER后G-1处理的白血病细胞系凋亡的改变。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例来进一步描述本发明,本发明的优点和特点将会随着描述而更为清楚。但这些实施例仅是范例性的,并不对本发明的范围构成任何限制。本领域技术人员应该理解的是,在不偏离本发明的精神和范围下可以对本发明技术方案的细节和形式进行修改或替换,但这些修改和替换均落入本发明的保护范围内。
实施例1.检测GPER在急性髓系白血病中的表达情况
1.1实验方法
1.1.1 Oncomine和Beat AML数据库相关数据下载及分析
AML样本的基因表达数据和临床信息来源于Oncomine(www.oncomine.org)和BeatAML(http://vizome.org/additional_figures_BeatAML.html)数据库。从数据库获取AML样本的基因表达芯片数据,然后采用t检验方法来比较AML和健康人(HD)之间GPER基因表达水平的差异,并比较男性AML和女性AML之间GPER基因表达水平的差异。
1.1.2白血病原代细胞和健康人外周血CD34+细胞的提取
首先通过密度梯度离心从白血病患者骨髓液和健康人外周血中分离单个核细胞,简单的说,将样本添加到Ficoll分离液表面,然后在650g下离心30min形成四层。收集乳糜层的细胞,用磷酸盐缓冲盐水(PBS)洗涤2次。最后用CD34阳性选择试剂盒纯化细胞,并用显微镜和流式细胞术鉴定。
1.1.3白血病细胞的培养
OCI-AML2细胞购买自德国微生物菌种保藏中心(Deutsche Sammlung vonMikroorganismen und Zellkulturen GmbH,DSMZ),并使用含10%南美胎牛血清、1%青霉素-链霉素溶液(100U/mL)的MEM Alpha培养基培养于含5%CO2的37℃孵箱中。平均2天传代,以保持细胞对数生长。KG1a,THP-1,NB4和U937细胞购买自美国典型培养物保藏中心(American Type Culture Collection,ATCC),并使用含10%南美胎牛血清、1%青霉素-链霉素溶液(100U/mL)的RPMI-1640培养基培养于含5%CO2的37℃培养箱中。平均1天传代,以保持细胞对数生长。
1.1.4检测基因表达水平
(1)RNA提取:首先,收集对数生长期的细胞,用PBS洗涤2次,4,000rpm×3min离心;然后弃上清,在细胞沉淀中加入1mL RNA提取试剂TRIzol,充分震荡混匀,冰上静置10min;随后,加入TRIzol 1/5体积的氯仿,上下颠倒混匀,冰上静置后以12,000g×15min的条件4℃离心;吸取上清液至干净无酶的EP管中,加入与氯仿等体积的异丙醇,上下混匀,冰上静置后以12,000g×10min的条件4℃离心;弃上清,加入1ml新配制的75%乙醇溶液,清洗沉淀,以13,000g×15min的条件4℃离心;弃上清,待乙醇完全挥发后,根据沉淀量加适量RNase free双蒸水溶解;最后测定RNA浓度及纯度。
(2)逆转录:按表1-1配制逆转录体系,并进行逆转录。
表1-1逆转录反应体系(20μL体系)
试剂 | 用量 |
5×PrimeScript RT Master Mix | 4.0μL |
total RNA | 1.0μg |
RNase Free ddH2O | up to 20.0μL |
反应条件:37℃×15min,85℃×5s,4℃冷却。cDNA短期保存于-20℃。
(3)qRT-PCR:实时荧光定量PCR反应体系见表1-2。
表1-2 qRT-PCR反应体系(10μL体系)
试剂 | 用量(μL) |
cDNA | 1.0 |
TB GreenTMPremix Ex TaqTMII | 5.0 |
forward primer | 0.4 |
reverse primer | 0.4 |
ddH2O | 3.2 |
反应条件:首先,95℃预变性30s;其次,95℃变性5s,58℃退火30s,72℃延伸20s,采集荧光,循环39次。融解曲线条件:(65℃-95℃)每上升0.5℃采集1次荧光。以β-actin为内参,相对定量值结果采用2–ΔΔCt计算。各基因的引物由上海生工有限公司合成,序列见表1-3。
表1-3 qRT-PCR的引物序列
1.1.5蛋白质印迹法检测蛋白表达水平
(1)蛋白质提取:收集对数生长期的细胞,用PBS洗涤2次,5,000rpm×4min;加入沉淀量2到3倍体积的含有蛋白酶抑制剂的RIPA裂解液,充分震荡混匀;冰上裂解细胞30min,每10min涡旋振荡一次,重复3次,13,000rpm×30min,4℃离心;吸取上清液至预冷的新EP管中,BCA法检测蛋白浓度,剩余蛋白样品加入上清液1/4体积的5×loading buffer,煮沸变性后于-40℃保存。
(2)SDS-PAGE凝胶电泳:配制12%的分离胶并缓慢灌胶,在凝胶表层缓慢加适量无水乙醇,37℃静置30min;弃去无水乙醇,在完全凝固的分离胶上层灌入配好的5%的浓缩胶,并插上齿梳,37℃静置20min;小心拔出齿梳,加入1×SDS电泳缓冲液;向加样孔中加入50μg蛋白样品,同时在样本两侧孔中加入蛋白marker作为分子量参照;在玻璃板内灌满电泳缓冲液后,按照两步法电泳分离蛋白:第一步,电压80V,电流150mA,30min;第二步,电压120V,电流200mA,60-70min。12%分离胶与5%浓缩胶的配方见表1-4。
表1-4 12%分离胶与5%浓缩胶配方
试剂 | 12%分离胶(mL) | 5%浓缩胶(mL) |
ddH2O | 4.900 | 3.400 |
30%丙烯酰胺 | 6.000 | 0.830 |
1.5M Tris-HCl(pH=8.8) | 3.800 | --- |
1.0M Tris-HCl(pH=6.8) | --- | 0.630 |
10%SDS | 0.150 | 0.050 |
10%AP | 0.150 | 0.050 |
TEMED | 0.006 | 0.005 |
(3)转膜:首先根据待测蛋白分子量大小,裁剪合适大小的聚偏二氟乙烯(polyvinylidene fluoride,PVDF)膜并置于甲醇中浸泡30s,蒸馏水洗涤2min,然后将PVDF膜和滤纸片浸泡在预冷的湿转液中。切取适当凝胶并浸泡在预冷的湿转液中,最后由正极向负极方向依次放置海绵、滤纸、PVDF膜和凝胶。以220mA的恒流电泳转膜,转膜时间由蛋白分子量大小决定。
(4)封闭:转膜结束后,将PVDF膜放入5%的蛋白封闭液中,室温封闭2h。
(5)抗体孵育:首先,用TBST清洗膜上残留的封闭液;其次,用定性滤纸吸干膜上残留液体后,将膜置于蜡板上,加入按一定比例预先稀释好的一抗工作液,均匀覆盖PVDF膜,于4℃孵育过夜;回收一抗工作液后将PVDF膜放入TBST中洗涤3次,10min/次;最后,加入按一定比例预先稀释好的辣根过氧化物酶标记的二抗于PVDF膜上,室温孵育1.5h,TBST洗涤3次,10min/次。
(6)显色及成像:暗室内,将PVDF膜放置于蜡板上,然后加入配置好的化学发光试剂(A液和B液等体积混合)覆盖PVDF膜,于成像系统中显示成像。
1.1.6免疫组化试验
首先用PBS洗涤白血病原代细胞和健康人外周血CD34+细胞,并用甩片机以500g×5min将细胞覆盖在载玻片上,4%多聚甲醛固定20min,1%Triton在室温下渗透15min。其次用1%牛血清白蛋白在PBS中封闭30min后,在4℃用GPER抗体(Abcam,UK,1:200)免疫染色过夜。细胞用苏木精染色,挂载在中性胶中,用亮视野显微镜分析。
1.1.7免疫荧光试验
收集细胞于离心管中,500rpm×5min;弃上清,1mL PBS重悬后转到EP管中,1,000rpm×3min。重复洗涤2次,弃上清,加入适量的PBS重悬细胞,将细胞悬液均匀覆盖在24孔板中的玻片上;向玻片滴入适量的4%多聚甲醛,室温固定20min;预冷PBS清洗玻片3次,5min/次;用滤纸吸净玻片上残留的PBS,滴入适量的Triton X-100,室温通透20min;预冷PBS清洗玻片3次,5min/次;吸净残余的PBS,用10%的山羊血清室温封闭30min;吸净封闭血清,滴加适量10%山羊血清稀释的一抗于玻片上,4℃过夜;回收一抗,预冷PBS清洗玻片3次,5min/次;滴加适量10%山羊血清稀释的二抗于玻片上,37℃避光孵育1h;避光下用预冷PBS清洗玻片3次,5min/次;DAPI避光染色15min;避光下用预冷PBS清洗玻片3次,5min/次;Gold Antifade Reagent封片,4℃保存备用。
1.1.8甲基化分析
首先利用http://www.urogene.org/cgi-bin/methprimer/methprimer.cgi网站和亚硫酸氢基因组DNA测序分析GPER的CpG岛上的甲基化位点,再用去甲基化药物5-Aza处理后利用qRT-PCR检测GPER的mRNA水平。
1.1.9统计分析
所有数据来自3次独立的实验,定量资料以均数±标准差(x±SD)表示。采用GraphPad Prism(Version 7.00)软件进行统计处理。两样本均数比较采用非配对学生t检验。检验水准为α=0.05,P<0.05表示差异有统计学意义。
1.2实验结果
1.2.1检测GPER在急性髓系白血病中的表达情况
为了检测GPER在白血病中的表达情况,我们首先分析Oncomine和Beat AML 2个独立子集,观察GPER在白血病患者中的表达情况。如图1A-B所示,与健康人相比,GPER在白血病组显著低表达。并且发现GPER在男性AML和女性AML中的表达没有差异,如图1C所示。其次,利用qRT-PCR,Western Blotting和免疫组化试验检测白血病原代细胞中GPER的表达水平,如图1D-F所示,GPER在白血病中低表达。接下来,采用qRT-PCR,Western Blotting和免疫荧光试验检测白血病细胞系中GPER的表达情况和定位情况,如图1G-I所示,GPER在OCI-AML2细胞中相对高表达,在KG1a细胞中相对低表达,并定位于细胞膜。如图1J-L所示,GPER的CpG岛上存在甲基化位点,并且去甲基化药物5-Aza能上调GPER的表达。以上结果提示,GPER由于甲基化而在急性髓系白血病中低表达。
实施例2.GPER特异性激动剂G-1对急性髓系白血病细胞增殖和周期的影响
2.1实验方法
2.1.1 CCK-8实验检测细胞增殖
以每孔1.0×104个细胞数接种于96孔板中,每组设置5个复孔,采用GPER的特异性激动剂G-1以浓度梯度和时间梯度处理白血病细胞系,以浓度梯度处理白血病原代细胞及健康人外周血CD34+细胞,待培养到相应时间时每孔加入10μL CCK-8试剂,混匀后继续培养3h;于450nm波长下检测吸光度(OD)值。
2.1.2 EdU实验检测细胞增殖
收集DMSO和G-1处理的细胞,以每孔1.0×106个细胞数接种于6孔板中,用10μMEdU工作液于37℃、5%CO2培养箱中处理细胞3h;收集EdU标记的细胞,用PBS洗涤2次,3,000rpm×3min;然后加入适量PBS重悬沉淀制成细胞悬液,并均匀涂布于盖玻片表面,室温下干燥;4%多聚甲醛室温固定15min后,PBS清洗2次,5min/次;再用0.1%Triton X-100室温透膜处理20min,重复PBS清洗步骤;按说明书配制Click反应液,每孔加入0.5mL Click反应液,轻轻摇匀后室温避光孵育30min;随后步骤均要避光完成,吸除Click反应液,重复PBS清洗步骤,每孔加入0.5mL DAPI染液,室温孵育30min;重复PBS清洗步骤并封片,4℃保存备用。Click反应液的配方见表2-1。
表2-1 Click反应液配制
试剂 | Click反应液 |
Click Reaction Buffer | 4.3mL |
CuSO4 | 200μL |
Azide 594 | 10μL |
Click Additive Solution | 500μL |
2.1.3克隆形成实验检测细胞增殖
收集DMSO或G-1处理的细胞,离心后用适量RPMI-1640培养基重悬计数。计算每孔接种300个细胞所需的细胞悬液的量(V1)和每孔需加入的RPMI-1640培养基的量(V2),其中V2=750μL-V1,每组做3-5个复孔;每孔再加入750μL配好的2.7%的甲基纤维素(无菌),枪头轻轻搅拌混匀,置于孵箱培养7-14d。每天观察细胞的生长情况,待细胞形成集落后,停止培养,倒置显微镜下观察集落形态并计数克隆形成个数,同时拍照记录。克隆形成率=克隆形成个数/细胞接种数×100%。
2.1.4 FCM实验检测细胞周期
收集G-1处理的各组细胞,用预冷的PBS洗涤2次,1,500rpm×5min;留取细胞沉淀,加入500μL 75%乙醇固定细胞,4℃过夜;弃去上清,加入100μL RNase A,37℃避光孵育30min;弃去上清,加入400μL PI,4℃避光孵育30min,反应完成后立即上机检测。
2.1.5蛋白质印迹法检测细胞周期相关蛋白表达水平
实验方法同上。
2.1.6统计分析
所有数据来自3次独立的实验,定量资料以均数±标准差(x±SD)表示。采用GraphPad Prism(Version 7.00)软件进行统计处理。两样本均数比较采用非配对学生t检验,多组资料之间两两比较采用单因素方差分析。检验水准为α=0.05,P<0.05表示差异有统计学意义。
2.2实验结果
2.2.1 GPER特异性激动剂G-1对急性髓系白血病细胞增殖的影响
为观察靶向激活GPER对白血病细胞体外增殖的影响,我们通过CCK-8、EdU和克隆形成实验检测GPER特异性激动剂G-1对白血病细胞生长能力的改变。如图2A-B所示,G-1处理后,OCI-AML2(高表达GPER)和KG1a(低表达GPER)细胞生长能力均以浓度梯度和时间梯度下降。如图2C所示,白血病原代细胞的细胞活力显著下降而健康人外周血CD34+细胞的细胞活力几乎不变。如图2D-E所示,与DMSO组相比,G-1处理组EdU阳性细胞和集落形成单位的比例显著下降。以上结果提示,靶向激活GPER能够抑制急性髓系白血病细胞的增殖能力。
2.2.2 GPER特异性激动剂G-1对急性髓系白血病细胞周期的影响
为观察靶向激活GPER对白血病细胞周期的影响,我们通过FCM实验检测GPER特异性激动剂G-1对OCI-AML2和KG1a细胞周期的改变。如图2F所示,G-1处理抑制白血病细胞周期,使大部分细胞阻滞在G2期。接下来,通过Western Blotting观察靶向激活GPER后与细胞周期相关蛋白水平的改变,如图2G所示,G-1处理组细胞周期受抑制,表现为CCNA2、CCND1、c-MYC水平下调,P21水平上调。以上结果提示,靶向激活GPER能够抑制急性髓系白血病细胞的周期。
实施例3.GPER特异性激动剂G-1对急性髓系白血病细胞凋亡的影响
3.1实验方法
3.1.1 FCM实验检测细胞凋亡
收集G-1处理的各组细胞,用预冷的PBS洗涤3次,1,500rpm×5min;取5×105个PBS重悬的细胞,300g×5min,弃上清后加入500μL稀释的1×Annexin V Binding Buffer工作液重悬细胞;细胞悬液中加入5μL的Annexin V-APC和5μL的DAPI染液,轻柔涡旋混匀后,室温避光孵育15min,反应完成后立即上机检测。
3.1.2蛋白质印迹法检测细胞凋亡相关蛋白表达水平
实验方法同上。
3.2实验结果
3.2.1 GPER特异性激动剂G-1对急性髓系白血病细胞凋亡的影响
为观察靶向激活GPER对白血病细胞凋亡的影响,我们首先通过FCM实验检测GPER特异性激动剂G-1对OCI-AML2和KG1a细胞凋亡的改变。如图3A所示,G-1增加白血病细胞的凋亡率。其次,我们通过FCM实验检测G-1对AML患者骨髓原代细胞和健康人外周血CD34+细胞凋亡的改变。如图3B所示,G-1增加白血病原代细胞的凋亡率而对正常细胞无影响。进一步通过Western Blotting观察靶向激活GPER后与细胞凋亡相关蛋白水平的改变。如图3C所示,G-1处理组细胞凋亡被促进,表现为BAX、剪切的CASP-3和剪切的PARP蛋白水平上调,而BCL-2、总的CASP-3和PARP水平下调。如图3D所示,G-1处理组细胞线粒体部分的细胞色素C减少,表明细胞色素C释放增加。以上结果提示,靶向激活GPER能够促进急性髓系白血病线粒体相关的凋亡。
实施例4.干扰或过表达GPER对G-1抑制白血病细胞增殖和促凋亡的影响
4.1实验方法
4.1.1构建稳定表达sh GPER的白血病细胞株
(1)慢病毒包装、测序鉴定及滴度测定:靶向GPER基因的shRNA慢病毒载体(shGPER)由上海吉凯基因化学技术有限公司合成包装、测序鉴定并进行病毒滴度的测定。shRNA序列为:sh GPER#1:5'-AGTACGTGATCGGCCTGTT-3';sh GPER#2:5'-CGCTCCCTGCAAGCAGTCTTT-3';
(2)慢病毒感染细胞并筛选稳转细胞株:以高表达GPER的OCI-AML2白血病细胞为实验对象。首先,收集细胞接种于新的24孔板中,保证密度为每孔1×105个细胞;随后,每孔加入25-40μL滴度为1×108TU/mL的病毒液和20μL HitransG P,并利用细胞培养液将每孔细胞悬液配至500μL,充分混匀;于37℃、5%CO2培养箱中培养48-72小时后,观察细胞状态和荧光强度,并更换培养皿及培养基;最后待感染效率达80%左右时,加2μg/mL嘌呤霉素筛选7-14d后即可获得稳转细胞株,并继续扩大培养,用于后续试验。
4.1.2构建瞬时表达oe GPER的白血病细胞株
(1)质粒的设计,鉴定和合成:本发明中的pcDNA3.1-EGFP/HA-GPER质粒的合成与鉴定由武汉金开瑞公司完成。
(2)质粒的转染:将目的质粒pcDNA3.1-EGFP/HA-GPER和对照空载质粒pcDNA3.1-EGFP/HA转入低表达GPER的KG1a细胞。具体实施步骤如下:首先,在24孔板中铺入1×105/孔的KG1a细胞,每孔细胞总体积为400μL。其次,取一个新EP管,按照每孔细胞用50μL无血清培养基稀释1μg质粒的比例加入质粒和无血清培养基,轻轻吹打混匀,静置5min;然后另取一个EP管,按照每孔细胞用50μL无血清培养基稀释2μL Lipofectamine2000的比例加入Lipofectamine2000和无血清培养基,轻轻吹打混匀,静置5min;之后,将稀释的质粒与稀释的Lipofectamine2000混合在一起,在室温静置20min;最后将混合物按照每孔100μL加入各孔中。在37℃、5%CO2的培养箱中培养1-2天,用于后续试验。
4.2实验结果
4.2.1干扰GPER对G-1抑制白血病细胞增殖和促凋亡的影响
为观察靶向激活GPER对白血病细胞体外增殖和凋亡的影响,我们首先在OCI-AML2细胞系中成功敲低GPER,如图4A所示。其次,利用CCK-8和FCM实验检测敲低GPER且G-1处理后白血病细胞的增殖和凋亡,如图4B所示,敲低GPER能够减弱G-1对白血病细胞增殖的抑制;如图4C所示,敲低GPER能够减弱G-1对白血病细胞的促凋亡作用。以上结果提示,G-1通过靶向激活GPER抑制白血病细胞增殖和促凋亡。
4.2.2过表达GPER对G-1抑制白血病细胞增殖和促凋亡的影响
为进一步观察靶向激活GPER对白血病细胞体外增殖和凋亡的影响,我们在KG1a细胞系中成功过表达GPER,如图4D所示。其次,利用CCK-8和FCM实验检测过表达GPER且G-1处理后白血病细胞的增殖和凋亡,如图4E所示,过表达GPER能够增强G-1对白血病细胞增殖的抑制;如图4F所示,过表达GPER能够增强G-1对白血病细胞的促凋亡作用。以上结果提示,G-1通过靶向激活GPER抑制白血病细胞增殖和促凋亡。
Claims (9)
1.一种实验性验证靶向激活雌激素受体GPER在抗急性髓系白血病方面的应用,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)检测GPER在白血病中的表达情况:首先,利用Oncomine和Beat AML数据库分析白血病患者GPER的基因表达水平以及GPER在男性和女性患者中的表达是否存在差异;其次,利用实时荧光定量PCR(quantitative real time PCR,qRT-PCR),蛋白质印迹法(WesternBlotting),免疫组化试验和免疫荧光试验检测白血病原代细胞和细胞系中GPER的表达水平和定位;最后,利用http://www.urogene.org/cgi-bin/methprimer/methprimer.cgi网站和亚硫酸氢基因组DNA测序分析GPER的CpG岛上的甲基化位点,并用去甲基化药物5-Aza处理后检测GPER的mRNA表达水平。
(2)GPER特异性激动剂G-1对白血病细胞增殖和周期的影响:首先采用GPER的特异性激动剂G-1处理白血病细胞系、白血病原代细胞及健康人的外周血CD34+细胞,然后利用活细胞计数试剂盒(Cell Counting Kit-8,CCK-8)、5-乙炔基-2-脱氧尿苷(5-ethynyl-2’-deoxyuridine,EdU)细胞增殖检测试剂盒和克隆形成试验检测白血病细胞增殖能力的改变。此外,采用不同浓度的G-1处理白血病细胞24h,再利用流式细胞术(flow cytometry,FCM)观察细胞周期的改变;进一步利用Western Blotting检测细胞周期相关蛋白的改变。(3)GPER特异性激动剂G-1对白血病细胞凋亡的影响:首先采用不同浓度的G-1处理白血病细胞系、白血病原代细胞及健康人的外周血CD34+细胞24h,再利用流式细胞术(flowcytometry,FCM)观察细胞凋亡的改变;其次,利用Western Blotting检测细胞凋亡相关蛋白的改变以及线粒体部分细胞色素C的释放情况。
(4)干扰或过表达GPER对G-1抑制白血病细胞增殖和促凋亡的影响:首先,利用shRNA慢病毒载体在OCI-AML2细胞系敲低GPER,然后用G-1处理白血病细胞,利用CCK-8检测细胞增殖,利用FCM检测细胞凋亡;并利用pcDNA3.1-EGFP/HA-GPER质粒在KG1a细胞系中过表达GPER,然后用G-1处理白血病细胞,利用CCK-8检测细胞增殖,利用FCM检测细胞凋亡。
2.按照权利要求1所述的实验性验证靶向激活雌激素受体GPER在抗急性髓系白血病方面的应用,其特征在于,步骤(1)所述利用实时荧光定量PCR(quantitative real timePCR,qRT-PCR)和蛋白质印迹法检测白血病细胞系中GPER表达水平的具体方法如下:
qRT-PCR检测基因表达水平
(1)RNA提取:首先,收集对数生长期的细胞,用PBS洗涤2次,4,000rpm×3min离心;然后,弃上清,在细胞沉淀中加入1mL RNA提取试剂TRIzol,充分震荡混匀,冰上静置10min;随后,加入TRIzol 1/5体积的氯仿,上下颠倒混匀,冰上静置后以12,000g×15min的条件4℃离心;吸取上清液至干净无酶的EP管中,加入与氯仿等体积的异丙醇,上下混匀,冰上静置后以12,000g×10min的条件4℃离心;弃上清,加入1ml新配制的75%乙醇溶液,清洗沉淀,以13,000g×15min的条件4℃离心;弃上清,待乙醇完全挥发后,根据沉淀量加入适量RNasefree双蒸水溶解;最后,测定RNA浓度及纯度。
(2)逆转录:按表1-1配制逆转录体系,并进行逆转录。
表1-1逆转录反应体系(20μL体系)
反应条件:37℃×15min,85℃×5s,4℃冷却。
(3)qRT-PCR:实时荧光定量PCR反应体系见表1-2。
表1-2 qRT-PCR反应体系(10μL体系)
反应条件:首先,95℃预变性30s;其次,95℃变性5s,58℃退火30s,72℃延伸20s,采集荧光,循环39次。融解曲线条件:(65℃-95℃)每上升0.5℃采集1次荧光。以β-actin为内参,相对定量值结果采用2– ΔΔCt计算。各基因的引物由上海生工有限公司合成,序列见表1-3。
表1-3 qRT-PCR的引物序列
蛋白质印迹法检测蛋白表达水平
(1)蛋白质提取:收集对数生长期的细胞,用PBS洗涤2次,5,000rpm×4min;加入沉淀量2到3倍体积的含有蛋白酶抑制剂的RIPA裂解液,充分震荡混匀;冰上裂解细胞30min,每10min涡旋振荡一次,重复3次,13,000rpm×30min,4℃离心;吸取上清液至预冷的新EP管中,BCA法检测蛋白浓度,剩余蛋白样品加入上清液1/4体积的5×loading buffer,煮沸变性后于-40℃保存。
(2)SDS-PAGE凝胶电泳:配制12%的分离胶并缓慢灌胶,在凝胶表层缓慢加适量无水乙醇,37℃静置30min;弃去无水乙醇,在完全凝固的分离胶上层灌入配好的5%的浓缩胶,并插上齿梳,37℃静置20min;小心拔出齿梳,加入1×SDS电泳缓冲液;向加样孔中加入50μg蛋白样品,同时在样本两侧孔中加入蛋白marker作为分子量参照;在玻璃板内灌满电泳缓冲液后,按照两步法电泳分离蛋白:第一步,电压80V,电流150mA,30min;第二步,电压120V,电流200mA,60-70min。12%分离胶与5%浓缩胶的配方见表1-4。
表1-4 12%分离胶与5%浓缩胶配方
(3)转膜:首先根据待测蛋白分子量大小,裁剪合适大小的聚偏二氟乙烯(polyvinylidene fluoride,PVDF)膜并置于甲醇中浸泡30s,蒸馏水洗涤2min,然后将PVDF膜和滤纸片浸泡在预冷的湿转液中。切取适当凝胶并浸泡在预冷的湿转液中,最后由正极向负极方向依次放置海绵、滤纸、PVDF膜和凝胶。以220mA的恒流电泳转膜,转膜时间由蛋白分子量大小决定。
(4)封闭:转膜结束后,将PVDF膜放入5%的蛋白封闭液中,室温封闭2h。
(5)抗体孵育:首先,用TBST清洗膜上残留的封闭液;其次,用定性滤纸吸干膜上残留液体后,将膜置于蜡板上,加入按一定比例预先稀释好的一抗工作液,均匀覆盖PVDF膜,于4℃孵育过夜;回收一抗工作液后将PVDF膜放入TBST中洗涤3次,10min/次;最后,加入按一定比例预先稀释好的辣根过氧化物酶标记的二抗于PVDF膜上,室温孵育1.5h,TBST洗涤3次,10min/次。
(6)显色及成像:暗室内,将PVDF膜放置于蜡板上,然后加入配置好的化学发光试剂(A液和B液等体积混合)覆盖PVDF膜,于成像系统中显示成像。
3.按照权利要求1所述的实验性验证靶向激活雌激素受体GPER在抗急性髓系白血病方面的应用,其特征在于,步骤(1)所述的利用免疫组化试验检测白血病细胞系中GPER表达水平的具体方法如下:
首先用PBS洗涤白血病原代细胞和健康人外周血CD34+细胞,并用甩片机以500g×5min将细胞覆盖在载玻片上,4%多聚甲醛固定20min,1%Triton在室温下渗透15min。其次用1%牛血清白蛋白在PBS中封闭30min后,在4℃用GPER抗体(Abcam,UK,1:200)免疫染色过夜。细胞用苏木精染色,挂载在中性胶中,用亮视野显微镜分析。
4.按照权利要求1所述的实验性验证靶向激活雌激素受体GPER在抗急性髓系白血病方面的应用,其特征在于,步骤(1)所述的利用免疫荧光试验检测白血病细胞系中GPER表达水平的具体方法如下:
收集细胞于离心管中,500rpm×5min;弃上清,1mL PBS重悬后转到EP管中,1,000rpm×3min。重复洗涤2次,弃上清,加入适量的PBS重悬细胞,将细胞悬液均匀覆盖在24孔板中的玻片上;向玻片滴入适量的4%多聚甲醛,室温固定20min;预冷PBS清洗玻片3次,5min/次;用滤纸吸净玻片上残留的PBS,滴入适量的Triton X-100,室温通透20min;预冷PBS清洗玻片3次,5min/次;吸净残余的PBS,用10%的山羊血清室温封闭30min;吸净封闭血清,滴加适量10%山羊血清稀释的一抗于玻片上4℃过夜;回收一抗,预冷PBS清洗玻片3次,5min/次;滴加适量10%山羊血清稀释的二抗于玻片上,37℃避光孵育1h;避光用预冷PBS清洗玻片3次,5min/次;DAPI避光染色15min;避光下用预冷PBS清洗玻片3次,5min/次;GoldAntifade Reagent封片后4℃保存备用。
5.按照权利要求1所述的实验性验证靶向激活雌激素受体GPER在抗急性髓系白血病方面的应用,其特征在于,步骤(2)所述的活细胞计数试剂盒(Cell Counting Kit-8,CCK-8)实验的具体方法如下:
以每孔1.0×104个细胞数接种于96孔板中,每组设置5个复孔,采用GPER的特异性激动剂G-1以浓度梯度和时间梯度处理白血病细胞系,以浓度梯度处理白血病原代细胞及健康人外周血CD34+细胞,待培养到相应时间时每孔加入10μL CCK-8试剂,混匀后继续培养3h;于450nm波长下检测吸光度(OD)值。
6.按照权利要求1所述的实验性验证靶向激活雌激素受体GPER在抗急性髓系白血病方面的应用,其特征在于,步骤(2)所述的5-乙炔基-2-脱氧尿苷(5-ethynyl-2’-deoxyuridine,EdU)实验的具体方法如下:
收集DMSO和G-1处理的细胞,以每孔1.0×106个细胞数接种于6孔板中,用10μM EdU工作液于37℃、5%CO2培养箱中处理细胞3h;收集EdU标记的细胞,用PBS洗涤2次,3,000rpm×3min;然后加入适量PBS重悬沉淀制成细胞悬液,并均匀涂布于盖玻片表面,室温下干燥;4%多聚甲醛室温固定15min后,PBS清洗2次,5min/次;再用0.1%Triton X-100室温透膜处理20min,重复PBS清洗步骤;按说明书配制Click反应液,每孔加入0.5mL Click反应液,轻轻摇匀后室温避光孵育30min;随后步骤均要避光完成,吸除Click反应液,重复PBS清洗步骤,每孔加入0.5mL DAPI染液,室温孵育30min;重复PBS清洗步骤并封片,4℃保存备用。Click反应液的配方见表2-1。
表2-1 Click反应液配制
7.按照权利要求1所述的实验性验证靶向激活雌激素受体GPER在抗急性髓系白血病方面的应用,其特征在于,步骤(2)所述克隆形成试验的具体方法如下:
收集DMSO或G-1处理的细胞,离心后用适量RPMI-1640培养基重悬计数。计算每孔接种300个细胞所需的细胞悬液的量(V1)和每孔需加入的RPMI-1640培养基的量(V2),其中V2=750μL-V1,每组做3-5个复孔;每孔再加入750μL配好的2.7%的甲基纤维素(无菌),枪头轻轻搅拌混匀,置于孵箱培养7-14d。每天观察细胞的生长情况,待细胞形成集落后,停止培养,倒置显微镜下观察集落形态并计数克隆形成个数,同时拍照记录。克隆形成率=克隆形成个数/细胞接种数×100%。
8.按照权利要求1所述的实验性验证靶向激活雌激素受体GPER在抗急性髓系白血病方面的应用,其特征在于,步骤(2)所述的利用流式细胞术(flow cytometry,FCM)观察细胞周期改变的具体方法如下:
收集G-1处理的各组细胞,用预冷的PBS洗涤2次,1,500rpm×5min;留取细胞沉淀,加入500μL 75%乙醇固定细胞,4℃过夜;弃去上清,加入100μL RNase A,37℃避光孵育30min;弃去上清,加入400μL PI,4℃避光孵育30min,反应完成后立即上机检测。
步骤(3)所述利用流式细胞术(flow cytometry,FCM)观察细胞凋亡的具体方法如下:
收集G-1处理的各组细胞,用预冷的PBS洗涤3次,1,500rpm×5min;取5×105个PBS重悬的细胞,300g×5min,弃上清后加入500μL稀释的1×Annexin V Binding Buffer工作液重悬细胞;细胞悬液中加入5μL的Annexin V-APC和5μL的DAPI染液,轻柔涡旋混匀后室温避光孵育15min,反应完成后立即上机检测。
9.按照权利要求1所述的实验性验证靶向激活雌激素受体GPER在抗急性髓系白血病方面的应用,其特征在于,步骤(4)所述的采用短发夹RNA(short hairpin RNA,shRNA)慢病毒载体干扰OCI-AML2细胞系GPER表达的具体方法如下:
(1)慢病毒包装、测序鉴定及滴度测定:靶向GPER基因的shRNA慢病毒载体(sh GPER)由上海吉凯基因化学技术有限公司合成包装、测序鉴定并进行病毒滴度的测定。
shRNA序列为:sh GPER#1:5'-AGTACGTGATCGGCCTGTT-3';sh GPER#2:5'-CGCTCCCTGCAAGCAGTCTTT-3';
(2)慢病毒感染细胞并筛选稳转细胞株:以高表达GPER的OCI-AML2白血病细胞为实验对象。首先,收集细胞接种于新的24孔板中,保证密度为每孔1×105个细胞;随后,每孔加入25-40μL滴度为1×108TU/mL的病毒液和20μL HitransG P,并利用细胞培养液将每孔细胞悬液配至500μL,充分混匀;于37℃、5%CO2培养箱中培养48-72小时后,观察细胞状态和荧光强度,并更换培养皿及培养基;最后待感染效率达80%左右时,加2μg/mL嘌呤霉素筛选7-14d后即可获得稳转细胞株,并继续扩大培养,用于后续试验。
步骤(4)所述的构建瞬时表达oe GPER的白血病细胞株的具体方法如下:
(1)质粒的设计,鉴定和合成:本发明中的pcDNA3.1-EGFP/HA-GPER质粒的合成与鉴定由武汉金开瑞公司完成。
(2)质粒的转染:将目的质粒pcDNA3.1-EGFP/HA-GPER和对照空载质粒pcDNA3.1-EGFP/HA转入低表达GPER的KG1a细胞。具体实施步骤如下:首先,在24孔板中铺入1×105/孔的KG1a细胞,每孔细胞总体积为400μL。其次,取一个新EP管,按照每孔细胞用50μL无血清培养基稀释1μg质粒的比例加入质粒和无血清培养基,轻轻吹打混匀,静置5min;然后另取一个EP管,按照每孔细胞用50μL无血清培养基稀释2μL Lipofectami-ne2000的比例加入Lipofectamine2000和无血清培养基,轻轻吹打混匀,静置5min;之后,将稀释的质粒与稀释的Lipofectamine2000混合在一起,在室温静置20min;最后将混合物按照每孔100μL加入各孔中。在37℃、5%CO2的培养箱中培养1-2天,用于后续试验。
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