CN116515155A - 一种可降解热敏胶片及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种可降解热敏胶片及其制备方法,属于热敏胶片技术领域,本发明可降解热敏胶片防静电层使用的聚乙烯亚胺具有良好的生物相容性和水溶性,利用有机硅接枝改性聚醚多元醇和环氧大豆油制备水性聚氨酯,有机硅较好的改善水性聚氨酯的疏水性能,环氧大豆油进一步提高了水性聚氨酯的粘结强度和耐水性,本发明制备的热敏胶片品质优良,且易降解,对环境友好,减少了热敏胶片废弃后对环境的危害。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于热敏胶片技术领域,具体是一种可降解热敏胶片及其制备方法。
背景技术
热敏胶片是在蓝色的聚脂片基上涂覆热敏感应层和防护层,进而在热敏打印机中根据热敏打印头不一样温差效果产生图形的这种图形纪录媒质,现在热敏胶片广泛运用于影像医学如CT检查、磁共振、CR(计算机X射线摄影)、DR(数字X线摄影)等的纪录,做为医师的诊治根据。
热敏胶片包括保护层、成像层、基材层和背层,其中成像层是由胶粘剂、显色剂、无色染料组成,热敏胶片胶粘剂在染料与显色剂之间形成胶体保护膜,可以使两者隔离以防过早发生反应。水性聚氨酯胶粘剂是指将聚氨酯溶于水或分散于水中而形成的胶粘剂,与溶剂型相比具有无溶剂、无污染、成膜性好、粘接力强、和其他聚合物尤其是乳液型聚合物易掺混有利于改性等优点;并且研究表明水性聚氨酯具有分子结构灵活性、良好的耐疲劳性、柔韧性及较低挥发性这些特性,因而在纸张表面施胶、3D打印及快速印刷等领域具有重要的应用前景。但是传统的水性聚氨酯通常由石化原料合成,其原料不可再生且不可生物降解,在胶片废弃后会对环境造成污染,因此,如何研发一种易降解、对环境友好的热敏胶片具有重要的意义。
发明内容
为解决上述问题,本发明提供了一种可降解热敏胶片及其制备方法。本发明的可降解热敏胶片利用有机硅接枝改性聚醚多元醇和环氧大豆油制备水性聚氨酯,有机硅较好的改善水性聚氨酯的疏水性能,环氧大豆油进一步提高了水性聚氨酯的粘结强度和耐水性,同时这两种材料在自然环境中易降解,对环境友好。
一种可降解热敏胶片,从上到下包括防静电层、聚酯胶片基材层、成像层和保护层;
所述防静电层由5~8份改性聚乙烯亚胺和5~12份水制成;其中改性聚乙烯亚胺按照如下方法制备得到:将16~20份质量浓度为50%的聚乙烯亚胺溶液加入容器中,用盐酸调节体系的pH为6~6.5,再向其中加入1~2份氯化钠,搅拌溶解后过滤,所得滤饼为改性聚乙烯亚胺;
所述保护层由10~12份聚乙烯蜡乳液和10~15份环三羟甲基丙烷甲缩醛丙烯酸酯制成;
所述成像层由18~20份水性聚氨酯、15~20份结晶紫内酯、25~30份双酚A、5~8份硬脂酸锌和48~50份水制成;
所述水性聚氨酯由以下原料组成:有机硅接枝改性聚醚多元醇20~30份、异氰酸酯15~20份、环氧大豆油10~20份、润湿分散剂ADFS713 1~3份和去离子水30~50份;
所述有机硅接枝改性聚醚多元醇按照以下步骤制备得到:
以重量份计,在反应釜中加入有机硅引发剂和碱性催化剂,真空脱水至水分小于0.05%,升温至145~155℃,开启循环水降温,降低压力至负压,分三次加入环氧丙烷,控制加入环氧丙烷时反应釜的温度不超过160℃,然后在压力不超过0.1MPa,温度150~160℃下反应0.5~1h,真空脱除未反应的环氧丙烷,降温至90℃,过滤,得到过滤后物料;将过滤后物料转入另一反应釜,加入硫酸水溶液调节过滤后物料的pH值为5~7,向其中加入抗氧剂,搅拌混匀,得到有机硅改性聚醚多元醇。
所述有机硅引发剂为分子量500~1000的端羟基聚二甲基硅氧烷。
所述碱性催化剂为氢氧化钠或氢氧化钾。
所述抗氧剂为抗氧剂2103或抗氧剂2246。
所述有机硅引发剂、碱性催化剂、环氧丙烷和抗氧剂的质量比为20~30:0.1~0.3:60~70:0.03~0.1。
所述水性聚氨酯按照以下步骤制备得到:
以重量份计,将20~30份有机硅接枝改性聚醚多元醇、15~20份异氰酸酯加入反应器中,在70~80℃下反应3~5h,反应结束后降温至70℃,再加入10~20份环氧大豆油继续反应2~3h,反应完成后降温至25~30℃,向所得反应液中加入1~3份润湿分散剂和30~50份去离子水,1500~1800r/min下乳化0.5~1h,得到水性聚氨酯。
所述的可降解热敏胶片的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
1)将5~8份改性聚乙烯亚胺溶解于5~12份水中,得到防静电层溶液;
2)将10~12份聚乙烯蜡乳液加入10~15份环三羟甲基丙烷甲缩醛丙烯酸酯中,搅拌混合均匀,得到保护层乳液;
3)将18~20份水性聚氨酯和15~20份结晶紫内酯加入48~50份水中,搅拌混合均匀,再向其中加入25~30份双酚A和5~8份硬脂酸锌,800~1000r/min下搅拌分散30min,得到成像层乳液;
4)将防静电层溶液和成像层乳液分别涂布于聚酯胶片基材层的两面,自然风干后,再在成像层上继续旋涂上保护层乳液,经干燥定型,制得可降解热敏胶片。
所述防静电层厚度为0.5~1um,成像层厚度为3~5um,保护层厚度为0.2~0.5um。
本发明相比现有技术具有以下优点:
本发明的可降解热敏胶片,防静电层使用的聚乙烯亚胺具有良好的生物相容性和水溶性,其结构中富含伯、仲、叔胺,经盐酸酸化,经改性后,被质子化形成高正电荷密度的聚合物,从而使其具有优良的静电消除作用,同时与基材层有高附着性和吸附性。
本发明的可降解热敏胶片,成像层使用有机硅接枝改性聚醚多元醇和环氧大豆油制备水性聚氨酯,其中有机硅能较好的改善水性聚氨酯的疏水性能,利用有机硅接枝改性聚醚多元醇制备的水性聚氨酯稳定性好,并且与基材有较强的附着力;环氧大豆油进一步提高了水性聚氨酯的粘结强度和耐水性;另一方面,有机硅在自然环境中易降解,对环境友好;大豆油资源丰富,价格低廉、无毒、热稳定性和光稳定性好,并且可生物降解,从而使制备的水性聚氨酯易降解。
本发明热敏胶片制备方法简单,成本低,制成的热敏胶片品质优良,且易降解,对环境友好,减少了胶片废弃后对环境的危害。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例3制备的可降解热敏胶片的降解性能测试质量损失率图。
具体实施方式
为了更好的理解本发明的技术方案,以下通过实施例形式的具体实施方式,对本发明的上述内容做进一步的详细说明,但不应将此理解为本发明上述主题的范围仅限于以下的实例。凡基于本发明上述内容所实现的技术均属于本发明的范围。
以下实施例所述有机硅引发剂均为分子量500~1000的端羟基聚二甲基硅氧烷。
实施例1 改性聚乙烯亚胺的制备:
将0.16kg质量浓度为50%的聚乙烯亚胺溶液加入容器中,向其中加入盐酸溶液调节体系的pH为6,再向其中加入0.01kg氯化钠,搅拌溶解后过滤,所得滤饼为改性聚乙烯亚胺。
有机硅接枝改性聚醚多元醇的制备:
在反应釜中加入2kg端羟基聚二甲基硅氧烷和0.01kg氢氧化钾,真空脱水至水分小于0.05%,升温至145℃,开启循环水降温,降低压力至负压,分三次加入6kg环氧丙烷,控制加入环氧丙烷时反应釜的温度不超过160℃,然后在压力不超过0.1MPa,温度150℃下反应0.5h,真空脱除未反应的环氧丙烷,降温至90℃,过滤,得到过滤后物料;将过滤后物料转入另一反应釜,加入硫酸水溶液调节过滤后物料的pH值为5,向其中加入0.003kg抗氧剂2103,搅拌混匀,得到有机硅改性聚醚多元醇。
水性聚氨酯的制备:
将0.2kg有机硅接枝改性聚醚多元醇、0.15kg异氰酸酯加入反应器中,在70℃下反应3h,反应结束后降温至70℃,再加入0.1kg环氧大豆油继续反应2h,反应完成后降温至25℃,向所得反应液中加入0.01kg润湿分散剂ADFS713和0.3kg去离子水,1500r/min下乳化0.5h,得到水性聚氨酯。
可降解热敏胶片的制备:
1)将0.05kg改性聚乙烯亚胺溶解于0.05kg水中,得到防静电层溶液;
2)将0.1kg聚乙烯蜡乳液加入0.1kg环三羟甲基丙烷甲缩醛丙烯酸酯中,搅拌混合均匀,得到保护层乳液;
3)将0.18kg水性聚氨酯和0.15kg结晶紫内酯加入0.48kg水中,搅拌混合均匀,再向其中加入0.25kg双酚A和0.05kg硬脂酸锌,800r/min下搅拌分散30min,得到成像层乳液;
4)将防静电层溶液和成像层乳液分别涂布于聚酯胶片基材层的两面,自然风干,防静电层和成像层厚度分别为0.5um和3um,再在成像层上继续旋涂上保护层乳液,干燥定型,保护层厚度为0.2um,制得可降解热敏胶片。
实施例2 改性聚乙烯亚胺的制备:
将0.17kg质量浓度为50%的聚乙烯亚胺溶液加入容器中,向其中加入盐酸溶液调节体系的pH为6.1,再向其中加入0.012kg氯化钠,搅拌溶解后过滤,所得滤饼为改性聚乙烯亚胺。
有机硅接枝改性聚醚多元醇的制备:
在反应釜中加入2.2kg端羟基聚二甲基硅氧烷和0.015kg氢氧化钾,真空脱水至水分小于0.05%,升温至147℃,开启循环水降温,降低压力至负压,分三次加入6.5kg环氧丙烷,控制加入环氧丙烷时反应釜的温度不超过160℃,然后在压力不超过0.1MPa,温度152℃下反应0.6h,真空脱除未反应的环氧丙烷,降温至90℃,过滤,得到过滤后物料;将过滤后物料转入另一反应釜,加入硫酸水溶液调节过滤后物料的pH值为5.5,向其中加入0.005kg抗氧剂2246,搅拌混匀,得到有机硅改性聚醚多元醇。
水性聚氨酯的制备:
将0.22kg有机硅接枝改性聚醚多元醇、0.17kg异氰酸酯加入反应器中,在72℃下反应3.5h,反应结束后降温至70℃,再加入0.12kg环氧大豆油继续反应2.2h,反应完成后降温至26℃,向所得反应液中加入0.015kg润湿分散剂ADFS713和0.35kg去离子水,1600r/min下乳化0.6h,得到水性聚氨酯。
可降解热敏胶片的制备:
1)将0.06kg改性聚乙烯亚胺溶解于0.07kg水中,得到防静电层溶液;
2)将0.11kg聚乙烯蜡乳液加入0.12kg环三羟甲基丙烷甲缩醛丙烯酸酯中,搅拌混合均匀,得到保护层乳液;
3)将0.19kg水性聚氨酯和0.16kg结晶紫内酯加入0.49kg水中,搅拌混合均匀,再向其中加入0.26kg双酚A和0.06kg硬脂酸锌,850r/min下搅拌分散30min,得到成像层乳液;
4)将防静电层溶液和成像层乳液分别涂布于聚酯胶片基材层的两面,自然风干,防静电层和成像层厚度分别为0.6um和3.5um,再在成像层上继续旋涂上保护层乳液,干燥定型,保护层厚度为0.3um,制得可降解热敏胶片。
实施例3 改性聚乙烯亚胺的制备:
将0.18kg质量浓度为50%的聚乙烯亚胺溶液加入容器中,向其中加入盐酸溶液调节体系的pH为6.3,再向其中加入0.015kg氯化钠,搅拌溶解后过滤,所得滤饼为改性聚乙烯亚胺。
有机硅接枝改性聚醚多元醇的制备:
在反应釜中加入2.5kg端羟基聚二甲基硅氧烷和0.02kg氢氧化钾,真空脱水至水分小于0.05%,升温至150℃,开启循环水降温,降低压力至负压,分三次加入6.6kg环氧丙烷,控制加入环氧丙烷时反应釜的温度不超过160℃,然后在压力不超过0.1MPa,温度155℃下反应0.7h,真空脱除未反应的环氧丙烷,降温至90℃,过滤,得到过滤后物料;将过滤后物料转入另一反应釜,加入硫酸水溶液调节过滤后物料的pH值为6,向其中加入0.006kg抗氧剂2246,搅拌混匀,得到有机硅改性聚醚多元醇。
水性聚氨酯的制备:
将0.25kg有机硅接枝改性聚醚多元醇、0.18kg异氰酸酯加入反应器中,在75℃下反应4h,反应结束后降温至70℃,再加入0.15kg环氧大豆油继续反应2.5h,反应完成后降温至27℃,向所得反应液中加入0.02kg润湿分散剂ADFS713和0.4kg去离子水,1700r/min下乳化0.75h,得到水性聚氨酯。
可降解热敏胶片的制备:
1)将0.07kg改性聚乙烯亚胺溶解于0.09 kg水中,得到防静电层溶液;
2)将0.11kg聚乙烯蜡乳液加入0.13kg环三羟甲基丙烷甲缩醛丙烯酸酯中,搅拌混合均匀,得到保护层乳液;
3)将0.19kg水性聚氨酯和0.17kg结晶紫内酯加入0.49kg水中,搅拌混合均匀,再向其中加入0.27kg双酚A和0.065kg硬脂酸锌,900r/min下搅拌分散30min,得到成像层乳液;
4)将防静电层溶液和成像层乳液分别涂布于聚酯胶片基材层的两面,自然风干,防静电层和成像层厚度分别为0.7um和4um,再在成像层上继续旋涂上保护层乳液,干燥定型,保护层厚度为0.35um,制得可降解热敏胶片。
实施例4 改性聚乙烯亚胺的制备:
将0.19kg质量浓度为50%的聚乙烯亚胺溶液加入容器中,向其中加入盐酸溶液调节体系的pH为6.4,再向其中加入0.018kg氯化钠,搅拌溶解后过滤,所得滤饼为改性聚乙烯亚胺。
有机硅接枝改性聚醚多元醇的制备:
在反应釜中加入2.8kg端羟基聚二甲基硅氧烷和0.025kg氢氧化钠,真空脱水至水分小于0.05%,升温至153℃,开启循环水降温,降低压力至负压,分三次加入6.8kg环氧丙烷,控制加入环氧丙烷时反应釜的温度不超过160℃,然后在压力不超过0.1MPa,温度158℃下反应0.8h,真空脱除未反应的环氧丙烷,降温至90℃,过滤,得到过滤后物料;将过滤后物料转入另一反应釜,加入硫酸水溶液调节过滤后物料的pH值为6.5,向其中加入0.008kg抗氧剂2246,搅拌混匀,得到有机硅改性聚醚多元醇。
水性聚氨酯的制备:
将0.28kg有机硅接枝改性聚醚多元醇、0.19kg异氰酸酯加入反应器中,在78℃下反应4.5h,反应结束后降温至70℃,再加入0.18kg环氧大豆油继续反应2.8h,反应完成后降温至29℃,向所得反应液中加入0.025kg润湿分散剂ADFS713和0.45kg去离子水,1750r/min下乳化0.9h,得到水性聚氨酯。
可降解热敏胶片的制备:
1)将0.075kg改性聚乙烯亚胺溶解于0.1 kg水中,得到防静电层溶液;
2)将0.11kg聚乙烯蜡乳液加入0.14kg环三羟甲基丙烷甲缩醛丙烯酸酯中,搅拌混合均匀,得到保护层乳液;
3)将0.19kg水性聚氨酯和0.19kg结晶紫内酯加入0.49kg水中,搅拌混合均匀,再向其中加入0.29kg双酚A和0.07kg硬脂酸锌,950r/min下搅拌分散30min,得到成像层乳液;
4)将防静电层溶液和成像层乳液分别涂布于聚酯胶片基材层的两面,自然风干,防静电层和成像层厚度分别为0.9um和4.5um,再在成像层上继续旋涂上保护层乳液,干燥定型,保护层厚度为0.4um,制得可降解热敏胶片。
实施例5 改性聚乙烯亚胺的制备:
将0.2kg质量浓度为50%的聚乙烯亚胺溶液加入容器中,向其中加入盐酸溶液调节体系的pH为6.5,再向其中加入0.02kg氯化钠,搅拌溶解后过滤,所得滤饼为改性聚乙烯亚胺。
有机硅接枝改性聚醚多元醇的制备:
在反应釜中加入3kg端羟基聚二甲基硅氧烷和0.03kg氢氧化钠,真空脱水至水分小于0.05%,升温至155℃,开启循环水降温,降低压力至负压,分三次加入7kg环氧丙烷,控制加入环氧丙烷时反应釜的温度不超过160℃,然后在压力不超过0.1MPa,温度160℃下反应1h,真空脱除未反应的环氧丙烷,降温至90℃,过滤,得到过滤后物料;将过滤后物料转入另一反应釜,加入硫酸水溶液调节过滤后物料的pH值为7,向其中加入0.01kg抗氧剂2103,搅拌混匀,得到有机硅改性聚醚多元醇。
水性聚氨酯的制备:
将0.3kg有机硅接枝改性聚醚多元醇、0.2kg异氰酸酯加入反应器中,在80℃下反应5h,反应结束后降温至70℃,再加入0.2kg环氧大豆油继续反应3h,反应完成后降温至30℃,向所得反应液中加入0.03kg润湿分散剂ADFS713和0.5kg去离子水,1800r/min下乳化1h,得到水性聚氨酯。
可降解热敏胶片的制备:
1)将0.08kg改性聚乙烯亚胺溶解于0.12 kg水中,得到防静电层溶液;
2)将0.12kg聚乙烯蜡乳液加入0.15kg环三羟甲基丙烷甲缩醛丙烯酸酯中,搅拌混合均匀,得到保护层乳液;
3)将0.2kg水性聚氨酯和0.2kg结晶紫内酯加入0.5kg水中,搅拌混合均匀,再向其中加入0.3kg双酚A和0.08kg硬脂酸锌,1000r/min下搅拌分散30min,得到成像层乳液;
4)将防静电层溶液和成像层乳液分别涂布于聚酯胶片基材层的两面,自然风干,防静电层和成像层厚度分别为1um和5um,再在成像层上继续旋涂上保护层乳液,干燥定型,保护层厚度为0.5um,制得可降解热敏胶片。
性能评价 分别将实施例1~5制备的水性聚氨酯按照GB/T 1727-1992 中的方法做成漆膜,然后依照GB/T 1720-1979(1989)的方法进行附着力检测,依照GB/T 1733-1933中的甲法进行耐水性测试,其检测结果如表1所示。
由表1结果可以看出,本发明制备的水性聚氨酯具有优良的耐水性和附着力。
分别将实施例1~5制备的可降解热敏胶片进行附着力测试和抗划伤性能测试。其中附着力:A、用力揉搓,热敏成像层不脱落,且无折痕则为0,热敏成像层出现轻微脱落且有轻微折痕为1,热敏成像层出现大面积脱落且出现大量折痕为2;B、胶片打印中,没有粒子脱落现象为0,有部分粒子脱落为1;抗划伤性能是热敏胶片制成后,置于抗划伤检测机器中,刮针在护膜表面刮动,护膜表面出现划痕为1,无划痕为0。结果如表2所示。
由表1结果表明,本发明制备的可降解热敏胶片具有良好的附着力和抗划伤性能。
将本发明实施例3制备的可降解热敏胶片裁剪成1cm*1cm大小的样品放入容器中,按照GB/T19277.1-2011提供的方法进行常温堆肥降解性能测试,定期拿出检测样品的质量,其检测结果如图1所示。由图1结果可以看出,本发明制备的可降解热敏胶片在40周后质量损失率达到50%以上,说明本发明制备的可降解热敏胶片具有良好的降解性能。
上述虽然对本发明的具体实施方式进行了描述,但并非对本发明保护范围的限制,在本发明的技术方案的基础上,本领域技术人员不需要付出创造性劳动即可做出的各种修改或变形仍在本发明的保护范围以内。
Claims (8)
1.一种可降解热敏胶片,从上到下包括防静电层、聚酯胶片基材层、成像层和保护层;其特征在于:所述防静电层由5~8份改性聚乙烯亚胺和5~12份水制成;其中改性聚乙烯亚胺按照如下方法制备得到:将16~20份质量浓度为50%的聚乙烯亚胺溶液加入容器中,用盐酸调节体系的pH为6~6.5,再向其中加入1~2份氯化钠,搅拌溶解后过滤,所得滤饼为改性聚乙烯亚胺;
所述保护层由10~12份聚乙烯蜡乳液和10~15份环三羟甲基丙烷甲缩醛丙烯酸酯制成;
所述成像层由18~20份水性聚氨酯、15~20份结晶紫内酯、25~30份双酚A、5~8份硬脂酸锌和48~50份水制成;
所述水性聚氨酯由以下原料组成:有机硅接枝改性聚醚多元醇20~30份、异氰酸酯15~20份、环氧大豆油10~20份、润湿分散剂ADFS713 1~3份和去离子水30~50份;
所述有机硅接枝改性聚醚多元醇按照以下步骤制备得到:
以重量份计,在反应釜中加入有机硅引发剂和碱性催化剂,真空脱水至水分小于0.05%,升温至145~155℃,开启循环水降温,降低压力至负压,分三次加入环氧丙烷,控制加入环氧丙烷时反应釜的温度不超过160℃,然后在压力不超过0.1MPa,温度150~160℃下反应0.5~1h,真空脱除未反应的环氧丙烷,降温至90℃,过滤,得到过滤后物料;将过滤后物料转入另一反应釜,加入硫酸水溶液调节过滤后物料的pH值为5~7,向其中加入抗氧剂,搅拌混匀,得到有机硅改性聚醚多元醇。
2.如权利要求1所述的可降解热敏胶片,其特征在于:所述有机硅引发剂为分子量500~1000的端羟基聚二甲基硅氧烷。
3.如权利要求1所述的可降解热敏胶片,其特征在于:所述碱性催化剂为氢氧化钠或氢氧化钾。
4.如权利要求1所述的可降解热敏胶片,其特征在于:所述抗氧剂为抗氧剂2103或抗氧剂2246。
5.如权利要求1所述的可降解热敏胶片,其特征在于:所述有机硅引发剂、碱性催化剂、环氧丙烷和抗氧剂的质量比为20~30:0.1~0.3:60~70:0.03~0.1。
6.如权利要求1所述的可降解热敏胶片,其特征在于:所述水性聚氨酯按照以下步骤制备得到:
以重量份计,将20~30份有机硅接枝改性聚醚多元醇、15~20份异氰酸酯加入反应器中,在70~80℃下反应3~5h,反应结束后降温至70℃,再加入10~20份环氧大豆油继续反应2~3h,反应完成后降温至25~30℃,向所得反应液中加入1~3份润湿分散剂和30~50份去离子水,1500~1800r/min下乳化0.5~1h,得到水性聚氨酯。
7.如权利要求1所述的可降解热敏胶片的制备方法,其特征在于:包括以下步骤:
1)将5~8份改性聚乙烯亚胺溶解于5~12份水中,得到防静电层溶液;
2)将10~12份聚乙烯蜡乳液加入10~15份环三羟甲基丙烷甲缩醛丙烯酸酯中,搅拌混合均匀,得到保护层乳液;
3)将18~20份水性聚氨酯和15~20份结晶紫内酯加入48~50份水中,搅拌混合均匀,再向其中加入25~30份双酚A和5~8份硬脂酸锌,800~1000r/min下搅拌分散30min,得到成像层乳液;
4)将防静电层溶液和成像层乳液分别涂布于聚酯胶片基材层的两面,自然风干后,再在成像层上继续旋涂上保护层乳液,经干燥定型,制得可降解热敏胶片。
8.如权利要求1所述的可降解热敏胶片,其特征在于:所述防静电层厚度为0.5~1um,成像层厚度为3~5um,保护层厚度为 0.2~0.5um。
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