CN116507427A - 高固体含量涂料组合物及多层涂膜形成方法 - Google Patents
高固体含量涂料组合物及多层涂膜形成方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN116507427A CN116507427A CN202180077512.6A CN202180077512A CN116507427A CN 116507427 A CN116507427 A CN 116507427A CN 202180077512 A CN202180077512 A CN 202180077512A CN 116507427 A CN116507427 A CN 116507427A
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- hydroxyl
- coating composition
- coating film
- acrylic resin
- acid
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Classifications
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种高固体含量涂料组合物,其特征在于,含有:酸值在0~30mgKOH/g的范围内的含羟基丙烯酸树脂;(B)酸值在60~120mgKOH/g的范围内的含羟基丙烯酸树脂;以及(C)多异氰酸酯化合物,并且,所述涂料组合物涂装时的固体成分为50质量%以上。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种高固体含量涂料组合物及多层涂膜形成方法。
背景技术
近年来,从保护地球环境的观点出发,要求减少由涂料释放的挥发性有机化合物(VOC),并且在各领域中,水系涂料正在迅速取代溶剂系涂料。
以前,在汽车的涂装中也使用大量的溶剂系涂料,减少由这些涂料释放的VOC成为当务之急,而关于在汽车的底涂、中涂和面涂的涂装工序中使用的各种涂料,水系涂料正在取代有机溶剂系涂料,目前,利用水系涂料的涂装已成为主流。
但是,在面涂透明涂料中,特别是对涂膜性能(抗回粘性等)和成品外观的水平要求较高,因此,目前仍主要涂装溶剂系透明涂料。
作为不通过透明涂料的水性化来减少VOC的方法之一,可以列举涂料的高固体含量化(提高固体含量浓度)。
例如,专利文献1公开了一种高固体含量涂料组合物,其在特定的含羧基化合物与含环氧基化合物的反应生成物中组合使用多异氰酸酯化合物和三聚氰胺树脂,进而含有特定的含羟基树脂。
此外,专利文献2公开了一种透明涂料组合物,其特征在于,包含由单体混合物得到的丙烯酸树脂,该单体混合物包含酯部为碳原子数9~15的直链烃基的长链(甲基)丙烯酸酯单体、含羧基(甲基)丙烯酸单体和含羟基(甲基)丙烯酸单体。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1:日本特开2002-201430号公报
专利文献2:日本特开2009-155396号公报
发明内容
发明要解决的课题
但是,专利文献1中记载的涂料组合物虽然成品外观良好,但是存在抗回粘性不佳的情况。
此外,专利文献2中记载的透明涂料组合物虽然抗回粘性良好,但是提高固体含量浓度时的成品外观不佳。
本发明的课题在于提供一种能够形成抗回粘性和成品外观优异的涂膜的高固体含量涂料组合物。
用于解决课题的手段
本发明人们为了实现上述目的而反复进行了深入研究,结果发现,通过下述高固体含量涂料组合物能够实现上述目的,该高固体含量涂料组合物的特征在于,含有:(A)酸值在0~30mgKOH/g的范围内的含羟基丙烯酸树脂;(B)酸值在60~120mgKOH/g的范围内的含羟基丙烯酸树脂;以及(C)多异氰酸酯化合物,并且,涂装时的固体成分为50质量%以上。
根据本发明,提供包括以下方式的高固体含量涂料组合物。
项目1.一种高固体含量涂料组合物,其特征在于,含有:(A)酸值在0~30mgKOH/g的范围内的含羟基丙烯酸树脂;(B)酸值在60~120mgKOH/g的范围内的含羟基丙烯酸树脂;以及(C)多异氰酸酯化合物,并且,涂装时的固体成分为50质量%以上。
项目2.根据项目1所述的高固体含量涂料组合物,其中,所述含羟基丙烯酸树脂(A)的重均分子量在3000~10000的范围内。
项目3.根据项目1或2所述的高固体含量涂料组合物,其中,所述含羟基丙烯酸树脂(B)的重均分子量在1000~4000的范围内。
项目4.根据项目1~3中任一项所述的高固体含量涂料组合物,其中,所述含羟基丙烯酸树脂(A)与所述含羟基丙烯酸树脂(B)的含有比例以含羟基丙烯酸树脂(A)/含羟基丙烯酸树脂(B)的质量比计为99/1~70/30。
项目5.根据项目1~4中任一项所述的高固体含量涂料组合物,其中,所述高固体含量涂料组合物进一步含有含羟基聚酯树脂(D)。
项目6.一种多层涂膜形成方法,其包括下述步骤(1)~(3):
步骤(1):在被涂物上涂装光亮性涂料组合物而形成光亮性涂膜;
步骤(2):在所述步骤(1)中得到的光亮性涂膜上涂装项目1~5中任一项所述的高固体含量涂料组合物而形成透明涂膜;以及
步骤(3):通过对所述步骤(1)和(2)中形成的包含光亮性涂膜和透明涂膜的多层涂膜进行加热,使所述多层涂膜同时固化。
发明效果
本发明的高固体含量涂料组合物能够形成抗回粘性和成品外观优异的涂膜。
具体实施方式
以下,对本发明的高固体含量涂料组合物(以下,有时简称为“本涂料”)进行更详细的说明。
本发明的高固体含量涂料组合物的特征在于,含有:(A)酸值在0~30mgKOH/g的范围内的含羟基丙烯酸树脂;(B)酸值在60~120mgKOH/g的范围内的含羟基丙烯酸树脂;以及(C)多异氰酸酯化合物,并且,涂装时的固体成分为50质量%以上。
另外,在本说明书中,高固体含量涂料组合物是指涂装时的固体成分为50质量%以上的涂料组合物。
<酸值在0~30mgKOH/g的范围内的含羟基丙烯酸树脂(A)>
含羟基丙烯酸树脂(A)为在一个分子中具有至少一个羟基且具有0~30mgKOH/g的范围内的酸值的丙烯酸树脂。
通过使酸值在0~30mgKOH/g的范围内,形成的涂膜的成品外观良好。其中,从形成的涂膜的成品外观的观点出发,含羟基丙烯酸树脂(A)的酸值优选在1~25mgKOH/g的范围内,进一步优选在3~15mgKOH/g的范围内。
上述含羟基丙烯酸树脂(A)例如可以通过将含羟基聚合性不饱和单体、含酸基聚合性不饱和单体及其他聚合性不饱和单体(除了含羟基聚合性不饱和单体和含酸基聚合性不饱和单体以外的聚合性不饱和单体)共聚而得到。
上述含羟基聚合性不饱和单体为在一个分子中具有羟基和聚合性不饱和键各一个以上的化合物。作为该含羟基聚合性不饱和单体,例如可以列举:(甲基)丙烯酸2-羟乙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸2-羟丙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸3-羟丙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸4-羟丁酯等(甲基)丙烯酸与碳原子数为2~8的二元醇的单酯化物;该(甲基)丙烯酸与碳原子数为2~8的二元醇的单酯化物的ε-己内酯改性体;(甲基)丙烯酸与含环氧基化合物(例如,“Cardura E10P”(商品名),Momentive Specialty Chemicals公司制造,新癸酸缩水甘油酯)的加成物;N-羟基甲基(甲基)丙烯酰胺;烯丙醇、以及具有分子末端为羟基的聚氧乙烯链的(甲基)丙烯酸酯等。
作为上述含羟基聚合性不饱和单体,从本涂料的适用期和形成的涂膜的成品外观等观点出发,优选使用含仲羟基聚合性不饱和单体。
作为上述含仲羟基聚合性不饱和单体,例如可以列举:(甲基)丙烯酸2-羟丙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸2-羟丁酯、(甲基)丙烯酸3-羟丁酯等的酯部的烷基的碳原子数为2~8、优选为3~6、进一步优选为3或4的具有仲羟基的聚合性不饱和单体;(甲基)丙烯酸与含环氧基化合物(例如,“Cardura E10P”(商品名),Momentive Specialty Chemicals公司制造,新癸酸缩水甘油酯)的加成物等。它们可以单独使用或组合使用两种以上。其中,从形成的涂膜的成品外观等观点出发,可以适宜地使用(甲基)丙烯酸2-羟丙酯。
上述含酸基聚合性不饱和单体为在一个分子中具有酸基和聚合性不饱和键各一个以上的的化合物。作为该单体,例如可以列举:(甲基)丙烯酸、巴豆酸、衣康酸、马来酸和马来酸酐等含羧基单体;乙烯基磺酸、(甲基)丙烯酸2-磺乙酯等含磺酸基单体;2-(甲基)丙烯酰氧基乙基酸性磷酸酯、2-(甲基)丙烯酰氧基丙基酸性磷酸酯、2-(甲基)丙烯酰氧基-3-氯丙基酸性磷酸酯、2-甲基丙烯酰氧基乙基苯基磷酸酯等酸性磷酸酯系单体等。它们可以使用一种或使用两种以上。
作为能够与上述含羟基聚合性不饱和单体和含酸基聚合性不饱和单体共聚的其他聚合性不饱和单体,例如可以使用下述(1)~(5)所示的单体等。这些聚合性不饱和单体可以单独使用或组合使用两种以上。
(1)丙烯酸或甲基丙烯酸与碳原子数为1~20的一元醇的酯化物
具体而言,可以列举(甲基)丙烯酸甲酯、(甲基)丙烯酸乙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸丙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸正丁酯、(甲基)丙烯酸异丁酯、(甲基)丙烯酸叔丁酯、(甲基)丙烯酸2-乙基己酯、(甲基)丙烯酸异辛酯、(甲基)丙烯酸异肉豆蔻酯、(甲基)丙烯酸硬脂酯、丙烯酸异硬脂酯(大阪有机化学工业公司制造,商品名)、(甲基)丙烯酸月桂酯、(甲基)丙烯酸十三烷基酯、(甲基)丙烯酸四氢糠酯、(甲基)丙烯酸环己酯、(甲基)丙烯酸异冰片酯等。
(2)芳香族系乙烯基单体
具体而言,可以列举苯乙烯、α-甲基苯乙烯、乙烯基甲苯等。
通过使用芳香族系乙烯基单体作为组成成分,能够使得到的树脂的玻璃化转变温度升高,并且能够获得具有高折射率的疏水性涂膜,因此能够通过提高涂膜的光泽来获得改善成品外观的效果。
在使用芳香族系乙烯基单体作为组成成分的情况下,其配合比例相对于单体成分的总量优选在3~50质量%、特别优选在5~40质量%的范围内。
(3)含缩水甘油基聚合性不饱和单体
含缩水甘油基聚合性不饱和单体为在一个分子中具有缩水甘油基和聚合性不饱和键各一个以上的化合物,具体而言,可以列举丙烯酸缩水甘油酯、甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯等。
(4)含聚合性不饱和键的含氮原子化合物
例如,可以列举(甲基)丙烯酰胺、N,N-二甲基(甲基)丙烯酰胺、N-[3-(二甲基氨基)丙基](甲基)丙烯酰胺、N-丁氧基甲基(甲基)丙烯酰胺、二丙酮(甲基)丙烯酰胺、N,N-二甲基氨基乙基(甲基)丙烯酸酯、乙烯基吡啶、乙烯基咪唑、丙烯腈、甲基丙烯腈等。
(5)其他乙烯基化合物
例如,可以列举乙酸乙烯酯、丙酸乙烯酯、氯乙烯、Versatic酸(碳原子数为9~11个的含有叔碳的酸)的乙烯酯等。作为碳原子数为9~11个的叔碳酸的乙烯酯,可以列举作为市售品的“VeoVa 9”、“VeoVa10”(以上为商品名,日本环氧树脂株式会社制造)等。
作为其他聚合性不饱和单体,可以使用一种或使用两种以上的上述(1)~(5)所示的单体。
在本发明中,聚合性不饱和单体表示具有一个以上(例如1~4个)聚合性不饱和基的单体。聚合性不饱和基是指能够进行自由基聚合的不饱和基。作为这种聚合性不饱和基,例如可以列举乙烯基、(甲基)丙烯酰基、(甲基)丙烯酰胺基、乙烯基醚基、烯丙基、丙烯基、异丙烯基、马来酰亚胺基等。
此外,在本说明书中,“(甲基)丙烯酸酯”是指丙烯酸酯或甲基丙烯酸酯。“(甲基)丙烯酸”是指丙烯酸或甲基丙烯酸。此外,“(甲基)丙烯酰基”是指丙烯酰基或甲基丙烯酰基。此外,“(甲基)丙烯酰胺”是指丙烯酰胺或甲基丙烯酰胺。
在含羟基丙烯酸树脂(A)的制造中,从形成的涂膜的耐水性和成品外观等观点出发,上述含羟基聚合性不饱和单体的使用量相对于共聚单体成分的总量优选在15~55质量%、进一步优选在20~45质量%的范围内。
从形成的涂膜的耐水性和成品外观等观点出发,上述含羟基丙烯酸树脂(A)的羟值优选在50~210mgKOH/g、特别优选在80~200mgKOH/g、进一步特别优选在100~190mgKOH/g的范围内。
在含羟基丙烯酸树脂(A)的制造中,从形成的涂膜的耐水性和成品外观等观点出发,上述含酸基聚合性不饱和单体的使用量相对于共聚单体成分的总量优选在0~5质量%、进一步优选在0.5~3质量%的范围内。
此外,从形成的涂膜的耐水性和成品外观等观点出发,上述含羟基丙烯酸树脂(A)的重均分子量优选在3000~10000的范围内,更优选在3500~9000的范围内,进一步优选在4000~8000的范围内。
在本说明书中,平均分子量是根据凝胶渗透色谱仪测定的色谱图以标准聚苯乙烯的分子量为基准而计算的值。凝胶渗透色谱仪使用“HLC 8120GPC”(东曹株式会社制造)。在如下条件下进行:作为色谱柱使用“TSKgel G-4000HXL”、“TSKgel G-3000HXL”、“TSKgel G-2500HXL”、“TSKgel G-2000HXL”(均为东曹株式会社制造,商品名)这四根,流动相为四氢呋喃,测定温度为40℃,流速为1cc/分钟,检测器为RI。
此外,从形成的涂膜的耐水性和成品外观等观点出发,含羟基丙烯酸树脂(A)的玻璃化转变温度优选在0~70℃、特别优选在10~60℃、进一步特别优选在20~55℃的范围内。
在本说明书中,丙烯酸树脂的玻璃化转变温度(℃)通过下述式计算。
1/Tg(K)=(W1/T1)+(W2/T2)+.....(1)
Tg(℃)=Tg(K)-273 (2)
在各式中,W1、W2、…表示共聚中使用的单体各自的质量分率,T1、T2、…表示各自的单体的均聚物的Tg(K)。另外,T1、T2、…是基于Polymer Hand Book(Second Edition,J.Brandup和E.H.Immergut编)III-139~179页的值。此外,单体的均聚物的Tg不明确的情况下的玻璃化转变温度(℃)为静态玻璃化转变温度,例如,使用差示扫描量热计“DSC-220U”(精工电子公司制造),将样品置于量杯中,进行真空抽吸以完全除去溶剂,然后以3℃/分钟的升温速度在-20℃~+200℃的范围内测定热量变化,将低温侧的最初的基线的变化点作为静态玻璃化转变温度。
作为将上述聚合性不饱和单体混合物共聚而得到含羟基丙烯酸树脂(A)的共聚方法,可以适宜地使用在有机溶剂中,在聚合引发剂的存在下进行聚合的溶液聚合法。
作为上述溶液聚合法中使用的有机溶剂,例如可以列举:甲苯、二甲苯、“Swasol1000”(科斯莫石油株式会社制造,商品名、高沸点石油系溶剂)等芳香族系溶剂;乙酸乙酯、乙酸丁酯、丙酸丙酯、丙酸丁酯、乙酸1-甲氧基-2-丙酯、丙酸2-乙氧基乙酯、乙酸3-甲氧基丁酯、乙二醇乙醚乙酸酯、丙二醇甲醚乙酸酯等酯系溶剂;甲乙酮、甲基异丁基酮、甲基戊基酮等酮系溶剂;异丙醇、正丁醇、异丁醇、2-乙基己醇等醇系溶剂等。
这些有机溶剂可以单独使用或组合使用两种以上,从丙烯酸树脂的溶解性的观点出发,优选使用酯系溶剂、酮系溶剂。此外,也可以进一步适宜地组合使用芳香族系溶剂。
作为可以在含羟基丙烯酸树脂(A)的共聚时使用的聚合引发剂,例如可以列举2,2’-偶氮二异丁腈、苯甲酰过氧化物、二叔丁基过氧化物、二叔戊基过氧化物、过辛酸叔丁酯、2,2’-偶氮双(2-甲基丁腈)、2,2’-偶氮双(2,4-二甲基戊腈)等公知的自由基聚合引发剂。
上述含羟基丙烯酸树脂(A)可以单独使用或组合使用两种以上。
从形成的涂膜的耐水性和成品外观等观点出发,本发明的高固体含量涂料组合物中的含羟基丙烯酸树脂(A)的含量以该高固体含量涂料组合物的树脂固体成分100质量份为基准,优选在20~60质量份的范围内,更优选为25~55质量份,进一步优选为30~50质量份。
<酸值在60~120mgKOH/g的范围内的含羟基丙烯酸树脂(B)>
含羟基丙烯酸树脂(B)为在一个分子中具有至少一个羟基且具有60~120mgKOH/g的范围内的酸值的丙烯酸树脂。
通过使酸值在60~120mgKOH/g的范围内,形成的涂膜的抗回粘性良好。其中,从形成的涂膜的抗回粘性的观点出发,含羟基丙烯酸树脂(B)的酸值优选在65~110mgKOH/g的范围内,进一步优选在70~100mgKOH/g的范围内。
上述含羟基丙烯酸树脂(B)例如可以通过将含羟基聚合性不饱和单体、含酸基聚合性不饱和单体及其他聚合性不饱和单体(除了含羟基聚合性不饱和单体和含酸基聚合性不饱和单体以外的聚合性不饱和单体)共聚而得到。
作为上述含羟基聚合性不饱和单体,例如可以使用上述含羟基丙烯酸树脂(A)的说明栏中记载的含羟基聚合性不饱和单体,其中,从形成的涂膜的耐水性等观点出发,优选使用含伯羟基聚合性不饱和单体。
作为上述含伯羟基聚合性不饱和单体,例如可以列举:(甲基)丙烯酸2-羟乙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸3-羟丙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸4-羟丁酯等的酯部的烷基的碳原子数为2~8、优选为2~6、进一步优选为2~4的具有伯羟基的聚合性不饱和单体;(甲基)丙烯酸与含环氧基化合物(例如,“Cardura E10P”(商品名),Momentive Specialty Chemicals公司制造,新癸酸缩水甘油酯)的加成物等。它们可以单独使用或组合使用两种以上。其中,从形成的涂膜的耐水性等观点出发,可以适宜地使用(甲基)丙烯酸2-羟乙酯。
作为上述含酸基聚合性不饱和单体及其他可共聚的聚合性不饱和单体,例如可以使用上述含羟基丙烯酸树脂(A)的说明栏中记载的聚合性不饱和单体。
在含羟基丙烯酸树脂(B)的制造中,从形成的涂膜的耐水性等观点出发,上述含羟基聚合性不饱和单体的使用量相对于共聚单体成分的总量优选在15~50质量%、更优选在20~40质量%的范围内。
从形成的涂膜的耐水性等观点出发,上述含羟基丙烯酸树脂(B)的羟值优选在50~210mgKOH/g、特别优选在80~200mgKOH/g、进一步特别优选在100~190mgKOH/g的范围内。
在含羟基丙烯酸树脂(B)的制造中,从形成的涂膜的抗回粘性等观点出发,上述含酸基聚合性不饱和单体的使用量相对于共聚单体成分的总量优选在5~20质量%、更优选在7~15质量%的范围内。
此外,从本涂料的高固体含量化等观点出发,上述含羟基丙烯酸树脂(B)的重均分子量优选在1000~4000、特别优选在1250~3750、进一步特别优选在1500~3500的范围内。
此外,从形成的涂膜的抗回粘性等观点出发,含羟基丙烯酸树脂(B)的玻璃化转变温度优选在-20~60℃、特别优选在-10~50℃、进一步特别优选在0~40℃的范围内。
作为将上述聚合性不饱和单体混合物共聚而得到含羟基丙烯酸树脂(B)的共聚方法,可以适宜地使用在有机溶剂中,在聚合引发剂的存在下进行聚合的溶液聚合法。
作为上述溶液聚合法中使用的有机溶剂,例如可以列举:甲苯、二甲苯、“Swasol1000”(科斯莫石油株式会社制造,商品名、高沸点石油系溶剂)等芳香族系溶剂;乙酸乙酯、乙酸丁酯、丙酸丙酯、丙酸丁酯、乙酸1-甲氧基-2-丙酯、丙酸2-乙氧基乙酯、乙酸3-甲氧基丁酯、乙二醇乙醚乙酸酯、丙二醇甲醚乙酸酯等酯系溶剂;甲乙酮、甲基异丁基酮、甲基戊基酮等酮系溶剂;异丙醇、正丁醇、异丁醇、2-乙基己醇等醇系溶剂等。
这些有机溶剂可以单独使用或组合使用两种以上,从丙烯酸树脂的溶解性的观点出发,优选使用酯系溶剂、酮系溶剂。此外,也可以进一步适宜地组合使用芳香族系溶剂。
作为可以在含羟基丙烯酸树脂(B)的共聚时使用的聚合引发剂,例如可以列举2,2’-偶氮二异丁腈、苯甲酰过氧化物、二叔丁基过氧化物、二叔戊基过氧化物、过辛酸叔丁酯、2,2’-偶氮双(2-甲基丁腈)、2,2’-偶氮双(2,4-二甲基戊腈)等公知的自由基聚合引发剂。
上述含羟基丙烯酸树脂(B)可以单独使用或组合使用两种以上。
本发明的高固体含量涂料组合物中的含羟基丙烯酸树脂(B)的含量,从本涂料的高固体含量化及形成的涂膜的抗回粘性等观点出发,以该高固体含量涂料组合物的树脂固体成分100质量份为基准,优选在1~20质量份的范围内,更优选为2~15质量份,进一步优选为3~10质量份。
此外,从形成抗回粘性和成品外观优异的涂膜的观点出发,本发明的高固体含量涂料组合物中的上述含羟基丙烯酸树脂(A)与上述含羟基丙烯酸树脂(B)的含有比例以含羟基丙烯酸树脂(A)/含羟基丙烯酸树脂(B)的质量比计,优选为99/1~70/30,更优选为95/5~75/25,进一步优选为90/10~80/20。
<多异氰酸酯化合物(C)>
多异氰酸酯化合物(C)为在一个分子中具有至少两个异氰酸酯基的化合物,例如可以列举脂肪族多异氰酸酯化合物、脂环族多异氰酸酯化合物、芳香脂肪族多异氰酸酯化合物、芳香族多异氰酸酯化合物、该多异氰酸酯化合物的衍生物等。
作为上述脂肪族多异氰酸酯化合物,例如可以列举:三亚甲基二异氰酸酯、四亚甲基二异氰酸酯、六亚甲基二异氰酸酯、五亚甲基二异氰酸酯、1,2-亚丙基二异氰酸酯、1,2-亚丁基二异氰酸酯、2,3-亚丁基二异氰酸酯、1,3-亚丁基二异氰酸酯、2,4,4-或2,2,4-三甲基六亚甲基二异氰酸酯、二聚酸二异氰酸酯、2,6-二异氰酸基己酸甲酯(惯用名:赖氨酸二异氰酸酯)等脂肪族二异氰酸酯化合物;2-异氰酸基乙基-2,6-二异氰酸基己酸酯、1,6-二异氰酸基-3-异氰酸基甲基己烷、1,4,8-三异氰酸基辛烷、1,6,11-三异氰酸酯十一烷、1,8-二异氰酸基-4-异氰酸基甲基辛烷、1,3,6-三异氰酸基己烷、2,5,7-三甲基-1,8-二异氰酸基-5-异氰酸基甲基辛烷等脂肪族三异氰酸酯化合物等。
作为上述脂环族多异氰酸酯化合物,例如可以列举:1,3-环戊烯二异氰酸酯、1,4-环己烷二异氰酸酯、1,3-环己烷二异氰酸酯、3-异氰酸基甲基-3,5,5-三甲基环己基异氰酸酯(惯用名:异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯)、4-甲基-1,3-亚环己基二异氰酸酯(惯用名:氢化TDI)、2-甲基-1,3-亚环己基二异氰酸酯、1,3-或1,4-双(异氰酸基甲基)环己烷(惯用名:氢化苯二甲基二异氰酸酯)或其混合物、亚甲基双(4,1-环己烷二基)二异氰酸酯(惯用名:氢化MDI)、降冰片烷二异氰酸酯等脂环族二异氰酸酯化合物;1,3,5-三异氰酸基环己烷、1,3,5-三甲基异氰酸基环己烷、2-(3-异氰酸基丙基)-2,5-二(异氰酸基甲基)-双环(2.2.1)庚烷、2-(3-异氰酸基丙基)-2,6-二(异氰酸基甲基)-双环(2.2.1)庚烷、3-(3-异氰酸基丙基)-2,5-二(异氰酸基甲基)-双环(2.2.1)庚烷、5-(2-异氰酸基乙基)-2-异氰酸基甲基-3-(3-异氰酸基丙基)-双环(2.2.1)庚烷、6-(2-异氰酸基乙基)-2-异氰酸基甲基-3-(3-异氰酸基丙基)-双环(2.2.1)庚烷、5-(2-异氰酸基乙基)-2-异氰酸基甲基-2-(3-异氰酸基丙基)-双环(2.2.1)-庚烷、6-(2-异氰酸基乙基)-2-异氰酸基甲基-2-(3-异氰酸基丙基)双环(2.2.1)庚烷等脂环族三异氰酸酯化合物等。
作为上述芳香脂肪族多异氰酸酯化合物,例如可以列举:亚甲基双(4,1-亚苯基)二异氰酸酯(惯用名:MDI)、1,3-或1,4-苯二亚甲基二异氰酸酯或其混合物、ω,ω’-二异氰酸基-1,4-二乙基苯、1,3-或1,4-双(1-异氰酸基-1-甲基乙基)苯(惯用名:四甲基苯二亚甲基二异氰酸酯)或其混合物等芳香脂肪族二异氰酸酯化合物;1,3,5-三异氰酸基甲基苯等芳香脂肪族三异氰酸酯化合物等。
作为上述芳香族多异氰酸酯化合物,例如可以列举:间苯二异氰酸酯、对苯二异氰酸酯、4,4’-联苯二异氰酸酯、1,5-萘二异氰酸酯、2,4-甲苯二异氰酸酯(惯用名:2,4-TDI)或2,6-甲苯二异氰酸酯(惯用名:2,6-TDI)或其混合物、4,4’-甲苯胺二异氰酸酯、4,4’-二苯基醚二异氰酸酯等芳香族二异氰酸酯化合物;三苯基甲烷-4,4’,4”-三异氰酸酯、1,3,5-三异氰酸基苯、2,4,6-三异氰酸基甲苯等芳香族三异氰酸酯化合物;4,4’-二苯基甲烷-2,2’,5,5’-四异氰酸酯等芳香族四异氰酸酯化合物等。
此外,作为上述多异氰酸酯化合物的衍生物,例如可以列举上述多异氰酸酯化合物的二聚物、三聚物、缩二脲、脲基甲酸酯、脲二酮、脲亚胺、异氰脲酸酯、噁二嗪三酮、多亚甲基多苯基多异氰酸酯(粗MDI、聚合MDI)、粗TDI等。
上述多异氰酸酯化合物及其衍生物可以分别单独使用或组合使用两种以上。
作为上述多异氰酸酯化合物(C),从形成的涂膜的耐候性等观点出发,优选使用选自脂肪族多异氰酸酯化合物、脂环族多异氰酸酯化合物和它们的衍生物中的至少一种,从得到的涂料组合物的高固体含量化,形成的涂膜的成品外观和耐擦伤性等观点出发,更优选使用脂肪族多异氰酸酯化合物和/或其衍生物。
作为上述脂肪族多异氰酸酯化合物和/或其衍生物,从得到的涂料组合物的高固体含量化、形成的涂膜的成品外观和抗回粘性等观点出发,其中,优选使用脂肪族二异氰酸酯化合物和/或其异氰脲酸酯体,更优选使用六亚甲基二异氰酸酯和/或其异氰脲酸酯体。
在上述多异氰酸酯化合物(C)中,多异氰酸酯化合物(C)的异氰酸酯基可以用封端剂封端。
作为上述封端剂,例如可以列举:苯酚、甲酚、二甲苯酚、硝基苯酚、乙基苯酚、羟基联苯、丁基苯酚、异丙基苯酚、壬基苯酚、辛基苯酚、羟基苯甲酸甲酯等酚系;ε-己内酰胺、δ-戊内酰胺、γ-丁内酰胺、β-丙内酰胺等内酰胺系;甲醇、乙醇、丙醇、丁醇、戊醇、月桂醇等脂肪族醇系;乙二醇单甲醚、乙二醇单乙醚、乙二醇单丁醚、二乙二醇单甲醚、二乙二醇单乙醚、丙二醇单甲醚、甲氧基甲醇等醚系;苄醇、乙醇酸、乙醇酸甲酯、乙醇酸乙酯、乙醇酸丁酯、乳酸、乳酸甲酯、乳酸乙酯、乳酸丁酯、羟甲基脲、羟甲基三聚氰胺、二丙酮醇、丙烯酸2-羟乙酯、甲基丙烯酸2-羟乙酯等醇系;甲酰胺肟、乙酰胺肟、丙酮肟、甲乙酮肟、二乙酰单肟、二苯甲酮肟、环己烷肟等肟系;丙二酸二甲酯、丙二酸二乙酯、乙酰乙酸乙酯、乙酰乙酸甲酯、乙酰丙酮等活性亚甲基系;丁基硫醇、叔丁基硫醇、己基硫醇、叔十二烷基硫醇、2-巯基苯并噻唑、苯硫酚、甲基苯硫酚、乙基苯硫酚等硫醇系;乙酰苯胺、甲氧基乙酰苯胺、甲基乙酰苯胺、丙烯酰胺、甲基丙烯酰胺、乙酰胺、硬脂酸酰胺、苯甲酰胺等酰胺系;琥珀酰亚胺、邻苯二甲酰亚胺、马来酰亚胺等酰亚胺系;二苯胺、苯基萘胺、二甲苯胺、N-苯基二甲苯胺、咔唑、苯胺、萘胺、丁胺、二丁胺、丁基苯胺等胺系;咪唑、2-乙基咪唑等咪唑系;脲、硫脲、亚乙基脲、亚乙基硫脲、二苯基脲等脲系;N-苯基氨基甲酸苯酯等氨基甲酸酯系;乙烯亚胺、丙烯亚胺等亚胺系;亚硫酸氢钠、亚硫酸氢钾等亚硫酸盐系;唑系的化合物等。作为上述唑系的化合物,可以列举:吡唑、3,5-二甲基吡唑、3-甲基吡唑、4-苄基-3,5-二甲基吡唑、4-硝基-3,5-二甲基吡唑、4-溴-3,5-二甲基吡唑、3-甲基-5-苯基吡唑等吡唑或吡唑衍生物;咪唑、苯并咪唑、2-甲基咪唑、2-乙基咪唑、2-苯基咪唑等咪唑或咪唑衍生物;2-甲基咪唑啉、2-苯基咪唑啉等咪唑啉衍生物等。
从形成的涂膜的抗回粘性和成品外观等观点出发,本发明的高固体含量涂料组合物中的多异氰酸酯化合物(C)的含量以该高固体含量涂料组合物的树脂固体成分100质量份为基准,优选在5~60质量份的范围内,更优选为15~50质量份,进一步优选为25~45质量份。
<高固体含量涂料组合物>
本发明的高固体含量涂料组合物的特征在于,含有:(A)酸值在0~30mgKOH/g的范围内的含羟基丙烯酸树脂;(B)酸值在60~120mgKOH/g的范围内的含羟基丙烯酸树脂;以及(C)多异氰酸酯化合物,并且,涂装时的固体成分为50%以上。
在本发明的高固体含量涂料组合物中,通过使涂装时的固体成分为50质量%以上,从而良好地减少VOC。其中,从减少VOC的观点出发,涂装时的固体成分优选为53质量%以上,进一步优选为55%质量以上。
在本说明书中,“固体成分”是指将涂料组合物在110℃下干燥1小时后残留的、涂料组合物中含有的树脂、固化剂、颜料等不挥发性成分。因此,例如,涂料组合物的总固体成分可以通过如下方式计算:在铝箔杯等耐热容器中量取涂料组合物,在容器底面涂开该涂料组合物后,在110℃下干燥1小时,称量干燥后残留的涂料组合物中的成分的质量,求出干燥后残留的成分的质量相对于干燥前的涂料组合物的总质量的比例。
本发明的高固体含量涂料组合物能够形成抗回粘性和成品外观优异的涂膜的理由尚不明确,但由于含羟基丙烯酸树脂(A)的酸值低至0~30mgKOH/g的范围内,因此所含有的羟基与多异氰酸酯化合物(C)的反应速度变慢,能够确保固化前流动的时间,因此成品外观良好。此外,含羟基丙烯酸树脂(A)的酸值低至0~30mgKOH/g的范围内,因此涂料粘度降低,能够实现高固体含量化。进而,含羟基丙烯酸树脂(B)的酸值高达60~120mgKOH/g,因此推测能够抑制多异氰酸酯化合物(C)向下层的转移,抗回粘性良好。
从形成抗回粘性和成品外观优异的涂膜的观点出发,本发明的高固体含量涂料组合物优选进一步含有含羟基聚酯树脂(D)。
<含羟基聚酯树脂(D)>
上述含羟基聚酯树脂(D)通常可以通过利用其本身已知的方法使多元醇和多元酸在过量的羟基下进行酯化反应而得到。多元醇为在一个分子中具有两个以上的羟基的化合物,多元酸为在一个分子中具有两个以上的羧基的化合物。
作为上述多元醇,例如可以列举:乙二醇、丙二醇、二乙二醇、三亚甲基二醇、四甘醇、三甘醇、二丙二醇、1,4-丁二醇、1,3-丁二醇、2,3-丁二醇、1,2-丁二醇、3-甲基-1,2-丁二醇、1,2-戊二醇、1,5-戊二醇、1,4-戊二醇、2,4-戊二醇、2,3-二甲基三亚甲基二醇、四亚甲基二醇、3-甲基-4,3-戊二醇、3-甲基-4,5-戊二醇、2,2,4-三甲基-1,3-戊二醇、1,6-己二醇、1,5-己二醇、1,4-己二醇,2,5-己二醇、新戊二醇、羟基特戊酸新戊二醇酯等二元醇;在这些二元醇中加成ε-己内酯等内酯类而得到的聚内酯二醇;双(羟乙基)对苯二甲酸酯等酯二醇类;双酚A的环氧烷加成物、聚乙二醇、聚丙二醇、聚丁二醇等聚醚二醇类;环氧丙烷和环氧丁烷等α-烯烃环氧化物;Cardura E10[壳牌化学公司制造,商品名,合成高支链饱和脂肪酸的缩水甘油酯]等单环氧化合物;甘油、三羟甲基丙烷、三羟甲基乙烷、双甘油、三甘油、1,2,6-己三醇、季戊四醇、二季戊四醇、山梨糖醇、甘露醇等三元以上的醇;在这些三元以上的醇中加成ε-己内酯等内酯类而得到的聚内酯多元醇类;1,4-环己烷二甲醇、三环癸烷二甲醇、氢化双酚A、氢化双酚F、氢化双酚A和氢化双酚F等脂环族多元醇;三(羟烷基)异氰脲酸酯、该三(羟烷基)异氰脲酸酯的ε-己内酯改性体、三(羟乙基)异氰脲酸酯等具有脲酸酯结构的环状多元醇化合物等。上述多元醇可以单独使用或组合使用两种以上。
上述多元酸例如可以列举:对苯二甲酸、间苯二甲酸、邻苯二甲酸、萘二羧酸、4,4’-联苯二羧酸、二苯基甲烷-4,4’-二羧酸等芳香族多元酸及其酸酐;六氢间苯二甲酸、六氢对苯二甲酸、六氢邻苯二甲酸、四氢邻苯二甲酸等脂环族二羧酸及其酸酐;己二酸、癸二酸、辛二酸、琥珀酸、戊二酸、马来酸、氯马来酸、富马酸、十二烷二酸、庚二酸、壬二酸、衣康酸、柠康酸、二聚酸等脂肪族多元酸及其酸酐;这些二羧酸的甲酯、乙酯等低级烷基酯;偏苯三酸、偏苯三酸酐、均苯四酸、均苯四酸酐、均苯三酸、甲基环己烯三羧酸、四氯己烯多元酸及其酸酐等三元以上的多元酸等。
上述多元酸可以单独使用或组合使用两种以上。
此外,作为含羟基聚酯树脂(D)的反应成分,也可以使用在一个分子中具有至少一个羟基和至少一个羧基的化合物。
作为上述在一个分子中具有至少一个羟基和至少一个羧基的化合物,例如可以列举苹果酸、柠檬酸、酒石酸、二羟甲基丙酸、二羟甲基丁酸、乳酸等。其中,从形成的涂膜的成品外观等观点出发,优选为在一个分子中具有两个羟基和一个羧基的化合物。
在使用上述在一个分子中具有至少一个羟基和至少一个羧基的化合物作为含羟基聚酯树脂(D)的反应成分的情况下,从形成的涂膜的耐水性等观点出发,优选组合使用具有碳原子数为4以上的烃基的单环氧化物化合物。
作为上述具有碳原子数为4以上的烃基的单环氧化物化合物,例如可以列举:新戊酸缩水甘油酯、己酸缩水甘油酯、环己烷羧酸缩水甘油酯、2-乙基己酸缩水甘油酯、异壬酸缩水甘油酯、癸酸缩水甘油酯、十一烷酸缩水甘油酯、月桂酸缩水甘油酯、肉豆蔻酸缩水甘油酯、棕榈酸缩水甘油酯、硬脂酸缩水甘油酯、Cardura E10P(日本环氧树脂株式会社制造,新癸酸单缩水甘油酯)等脂肪族羧酸的缩水甘油酯;丁基缩水甘油醚、癸基缩水甘油醚等烷基缩水甘油醚;苯基缩水甘油醚等芳基缩水甘油醚;氧化苯乙烯、AOEX24(大赛璐化学工业制造,α-烯烃单环氧化物混合物)等α-烯烃单环氧化物等,其中,优选使用具有碳原子数为6~20的烃基的单环氧化物化合物,进一步优选使用具有碳原子数为6~20的烃基的缩水甘油酯化合物。
从形成的涂膜的成品外观等观点出发,上述含羟基聚酯树脂(D)的羟值优选在50~210mgKOH/g、特别优选在80~200mgKOH/g、进一步特别优选在100~190mgKOH/g的范围内。
从形成的涂膜的成品外观等观点出发,上述含羟基聚酯树脂(D)的酸值优选为20mgKOH/g以下,特别优选为10mgKOH/g以下,进一步特别优选为5mgKOH/g以下。
此外,从形成的涂膜的成品外观等观点出发,上述含羟基聚酯树脂(D)的数均分子量优选在500~6000、特别优选在750~5000、进一步特别优选在1000~4500的范围内。
在本发明的高固体含量涂料组合物含有上述含羟基聚酯树脂(D)的情况下,从形成的涂膜的抗回粘性和成品外观等观点出发,以该高固体含量涂料组合物的树脂固体成分100质量份为基准,其含量优选在1~20质量份的范围内,更优选为2~15质量份,进一步优选为3~10质量份。
<其他成分>
本发明的高固体含量涂料组合物还可以根据需要含有上述以外的树脂、多异氰酸酯化合物(C)以外的交联剂、颜料、有机溶剂、固化催化剂、分散剂、防沉降剂、消泡剂、增粘剂、紫外线吸收剂、光稳定剂、表面调整剂、耐擦伤性提高剂等。
作为上述以外的树脂,例如可以列举除了含羟基丙烯酸树脂(A)和含羟基丙烯酸树脂(B)以外的可以含有羟基的丙烯酸树脂、不含羟基的聚酯树脂、可以含有羟基的聚氨酯树脂、可以含有羟基的聚醚树脂、可以含有羟基的聚碳酸酯树脂、可以含有羟基的环氧树脂等。
作为上述多异氰酸酯化合物(C)以外的交联剂,例如可以列举三聚氰胺树脂。
作为三聚氰胺树脂,可以使用通过三聚氰胺成分与醛成分的反应而得到的部分羟甲基化三聚氰胺树脂或完全羟甲基化三聚氰胺树脂。作为醛成分,可以列举甲醛、多聚甲醛、乙醛、苯甲醛等。
此外,也可以使用通过适当的醇将上述羟甲基化三聚氰胺树脂的羟甲基部分或完全醚化而得到的三聚氰胺树脂。作为醚化中使用的醇,例如可以列举甲醇、乙醇、正丙醇、异丙醇、正丁醇、异丁醇、2-乙基-1-丁醇、2-乙基-1-己醇等。
三聚氰胺树脂优选为将部分或完全羟甲基化三聚氰胺树脂的羟甲基通过甲醇部分或完全醚化而得到的甲基醚化三聚氰胺树脂、将部分或完全羟甲基化三聚氰胺树脂的羟甲基通过丁醇部分或完全醚化而得到的丁基醚化三聚氰胺树脂、将部分或完全羟甲基化三聚氰胺树脂的羟甲基通过甲醇和丁醇部分或完全醚化而得到的甲基-丁基混合醚化三聚氰胺树脂。
此外,上述三聚氰胺树脂的重均分子量优选在400~6000的范围内,更优选在500~5000的范围内,进一步优选在800~4000的范围内。
作为三聚氰胺树脂(D),可以使用市售品。作为市售品的商品名,例如可以列举:“CYMEL 202”、“CYMEL 203”、“CYMEL 238”、“CYMEL 251”、“CYMEL 303”、“CYMEL 323”、“CYMEL 324”、“CYMEL 325”、“CYMEL 327”、“CYMEL 350”、“CYMEL 385”、“CYMEL 1156”、“CYMEL 1158”、“CYMEL 1116”、“CYMEL 1130”(以上为湛新日本公司制造);“U-VAN 120”、“U-VAN 20HS”、“U-VAN 20SE60”、“U-VAN 2021”、“U-VAN 2028”、“U-VAN 28-60”(以上为三井化学公司制造)等。
上述三聚氰胺树脂可以分别单独使用或组合使用两种以上。
在本发明的高固体含量涂料组合物含有三聚氰胺树脂的情况下,从形成的涂膜的耐擦伤性等观点出发,以该高固体含量涂料组合物的树脂固体成分100质量份为基准,其含量优选在1~30质量份的范围内,更优选为2~25质量份,进一步优选为3~20质量份。
作为上述颜料,例如可以列举着色颜料、光亮性颜料、体质颜料等。该颜料可以单独使用或组合使用两种以上。
作为着色颜料,例如可以列举氧化钛、锌白、炭黑、镉红、钼红、铬黄、氧化铬、普鲁士蓝、钴蓝、偶氮颜料、酞菁颜料、喹吖啶酮颜料、异吲哚啉颜料、士林系颜料、苝颜料等。
作为光亮性颜料,例如可以列举铝粉末、云母粉末、涂覆有氧化钛的云母粉末等。
作为体质颜料,例如可以列举滑石、粘土、高岭土、氧化钡、硫酸钡、碳酸钡、碳酸钙、氧化铝白等。
上述各颜料可以单独使用或组合使用两种以上。
在本发明的高固体含量涂料组合物用作透明涂料,并含有颜料的情况下,颜料的配合量优选为不损害所得到的涂膜的透明性的量,例如相对于高固体含量涂料组合物中的固体成分总量,其通常优选在0.1~20质量%、特别优选在0.3~10质量%、进一步特别优选在0.5~5质量%的范围内。
此外,在本发明的高固体含量涂料组合物用作着色涂料,并含有颜料的情况下,颜料的配合量相对于高固体含量涂料组合物中的固体成分总量,通常优选在1~200质量%、特别优选在2~100质量%、进一步特别优选在5~50质量%的范围内。
作为有机溶剂,例如可以列举:甲苯、二甲苯、“Swasol 1000”(科斯莫石油株式会社制造,商品名,高沸点石油系溶剂)等芳香族系溶剂;乙酸乙酯、乙酸丁酯、丙酸丙酯、丙酸丁酯、乙酸1-甲氧基-2-丙酯、丙酸2-乙氧基乙酯、3-乙氧基丙酸乙酯、乙酸3-甲氧基丁酯、乙二醇单乙醚乙酸酯、二乙二醇单乙醚乙酸酯、丙二醇单甲醚乙酸酯等酯系溶剂;甲乙酮、甲基异丁基酮、甲基戊基酮等酮系溶剂;异丙醇、正丁醇、异丁醇、2-乙基己醇等醇系溶剂等。它们可以分别单独使用或组合使用两种以上。
作为固化催化剂,例如可以列举:辛酸锡、二乙酸二丁基锡、二(2-乙基己酸)二丁基锡、二月桂酸二丁基锡、二乙酸二辛基锡、二(2-乙基己酸)二辛基锡、二丁基氧化锡、二丁基硫化锡、二辛基氧化锡、二丁基锡脂肪酸盐、2-乙基己酸铅、辛酸锌、环烷酸锌、脂肪酸锌类、辛酸铋、2-乙基己酸铋、油酸铋、新癸酸铋、Versatic酸(碳原子数为9~11个的含有叔碳的酸)铋、环烷酸铋、环烷酸钴、辛酸钙、环烷酸铜、四(2-乙基己基)钛酸酯等有机金属化合物;对甲苯磺酸、十二烷基苯磺酸、二壬基萘磺酸等磺酸;单丁基磷酸、二丁基磷酸、单(2-乙基己基)磷酸、二(2-乙基己基)磷酸等烷基磷酸酯;这些酸和胺化合物的盐等,它们可以分别单独使用或组合使用两种以上。
在本发明的高固体含量涂料组合物含有上述固化催化剂的情况下,固化催化剂的含量相对于本发明的高固体含量涂料组合物的固体成分总量,优选在0.005~2质量%、特别优选在0.01~1质量%的范围内。
作为增粘剂,可以使用以往公知的材料,例如可以列举粘土矿物(例如金属硅酸盐、蒙脱石)、丙烯酸(例如在分子中包含由丙烯酸酯或甲基丙烯酸酯的聚合物、低聚物形成的结构的材料)、聚烯烃(例如聚乙烯、聚丙烯等)、酰胺(高级脂肪酸酰胺、聚酰胺、低聚物等)、多元羧酸(包括在分子中具有至少两个以上的羧基的衍生物)、纤维素(包括硝基纤维素、乙酰纤维素、纤维素醚等各种衍生物)、氨酯(在分子中包含氨酯结构的聚合物、低聚物等)、脲(在分子中包含脲结构的聚合物、低聚物等)、氨酯脲(在分子中包含氨酯结构和脲结构的聚合物、低聚物等)等。
作为紫外线吸收剂,可以使用以往公知的材料,例如可以列举苯并三唑系吸收剂、三嗪系吸收剂、水杨酸衍生物系吸收剂、二苯甲酮系吸收剂等紫外线吸收剂。它们可以单独使用或组合使用两种以上。
在本发明的高固体含量涂料组合物含有紫外线吸收剂的情况下,紫外线吸收剂的配合量相对于高固体含量涂料组合物中的固体成分总量,通常优选在0.1~10质量%、特别优选在0.2~5质量%、进一步特别优选在0.3~2质量%的范围内。
作为光稳定剂,可以使用以往公知的材料,例如可以列举受阻胺系光稳定剂等。
作为受阻胺系光稳定剂,从适用期的观点出发,可以适宜地使用碱性低的受阻胺系光稳定剂。作为这种受阻胺系光稳定剂,可以列举酰化受阻胺、氨基醚系受阻胺等,具体而言,可以列举“HOSTAVIN 3058”(商品名,科莱恩公司制造)、“TINUVIN 123”(商品名,BASF公司制造)等。
作为本发明的高固体含量涂料组合物的涂装方法,没有特别限定,例如可以列举空气喷射涂装、无空气喷射涂装、旋转雾化涂装、帘式涂布涂装等涂装方法,可以通过这些方法形成湿涂膜。在这些涂装方法中,也可以根据需要施加静电。其中,特别优选空气喷射涂装或旋转雾化涂装。本涂料的涂布量通常以固化膜厚计优选为10~60μm,特别优选为25~50μm的量。
此外,在进行空气喷射涂装、无空气喷射涂装和旋转雾化涂装的情况下,优选使用有机溶剂等溶剂和增粘剂对本涂料的粘度进行合适的调整,以使其在适于该涂装的粘度范围,通常为在4号福特杯粘度计中,在20℃下为15~60秒、特别是20~40秒的粘度范围。
在被涂物上涂装本涂料而得到的湿涂膜的固化可以通过加热来进行,加热可以通过公知的加热方法来进行,例如可以使用热风炉、电炉、红外线感应加热炉等干燥炉。加热温度没有特别限制,例如适宜在60~160℃、优选在80~140℃的范围内。加热时间没有特别限制,例如适宜在10~60分钟、优选在15~30分钟的范围内。
本发明的高固体含量涂料组合物能够形成抗回粘性和成品外观优异的涂膜,因此能够适宜用作面涂顶部透明涂布涂料。本涂料可以特别适宜用作汽车用涂料。
<多层涂膜形成方法>
作为将本涂料用作面涂顶部透明涂布涂料进行涂装的多层涂膜形成方法,例如,可以适宜地使用下述方法。
多层涂膜形成方法包括下述步骤(1)~(3):
步骤(1):在被涂物上涂装光亮性涂料组合物而形成光亮性涂膜;
步骤(2):在上述步骤(1)中得到的光亮性涂膜上涂装本发明的高固体含量涂料组合物而形成透明涂膜;以及
步骤(3):通过对经上述步骤(1)和(2)而形成的包含光亮性涂膜和透明涂膜的多层涂膜进行加热,使上述多层涂膜同时固化。
作为上述被涂物,没有特别限定,例如可以列举:乘用车、卡车、摩托车、公共汽车等汽车车身的外板部;汽车部件;手机、音频设备等家电制品的外板部等。其中,优选汽车车身的外板部和汽车部件。
作为这些被涂物的材质,没有特别限定。例如可以列举:铁、铝、黄铜、铜、马口铁、不锈钢、镀锌钢、锌合金(Zn-Al、Zn-Ni、Zn-Fe等)镀钢等金属材料;聚乙烯树脂、聚丙烯树脂、丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯(ABS)树脂、聚酰胺树脂、丙烯酸树脂、偏二氯乙烯树脂、聚碳酸酯树脂、聚氨酯树脂、环氧树脂等树脂类;各种纤维增强复合塑料(FRP)等塑料材料;玻璃、水泥、混凝土等无机材料;木材;纸、布等纤维材料等。其中,优选为金属材料和塑料材料。
此外,作为应用多层涂膜的被涂物面,可以是在汽车车身的外板部、汽车部件、家电制品、构成它们的钢板等金属基材等的金属表面上实施了磷酸盐处理、铬酸盐处理、复合氧化物处理等表面处理的物品。
可以在可以实施表面处理也可以不实施表面处理的对象物上进一步形成涂膜。例如,可以根据需要对作为基材的被涂物实施表面处理,并在其上形成底涂涂膜和/或中涂涂膜。关于该底涂涂膜和/或中涂涂膜,例如在被涂物为汽车车身的情况下,可以使用在汽车车身的涂装中通常使用的其本身已知的底涂用和/或中涂用的涂料组合物来形成。
作为用于形成上述底涂涂膜的底涂涂料组合物,例如可以使用电沉积涂料,优选阳离子电沉积涂料。此外,作为用于形成上述中涂涂膜的中涂涂料组合物,例如可以使用将具有羧基、羟基等交联性官能团的丙烯酸树脂、聚酯树脂、醇酸树脂、氨酯树脂、环氧树脂等基体树脂,以及三聚氰胺树脂、脲树脂等氨基树脂、可以被封端的多异氰酸酯化合物等交联剂,与颜料、增粘剂和任意选择的其他成分一起涂料化而得到的材料。
作为上述光亮性涂料组合物,可以使用用于汽车车身等的涂装的公知的热固化性光亮性涂料组合物。作为该光亮性涂料组合物,例如可以适宜地使用含有具有交联性官能团的基体树脂、交联剂、光亮性颜料的热固化性涂料组合物。
上述光亮性涂料组合物的涂装目的通常是为了赋予被涂物优异的设计性(例如,颜色、金属感和光泽等)。
作为上述基体树脂所具有的交联性官能团,例如可以列举羧基、羟基和环氧基等。
作为上述基体树脂的种类,例如可以列举丙烯酸树脂、聚酯树脂、醇酸树脂和氨酯树脂等。
作为上述交联剂,例如可以列举三聚氰胺树脂、多异氰酸酯化合物和封端化多异氰酸酯化合物等。
作为上述光亮性颜料,例如可以列举铝粉末、云母粉末、涂覆有氧化钛的云母粉末等。
作为上述光亮性涂料组合物,可以使用水性涂料组合物和有机溶剂型涂料组合物中的任一种,但从减轻环境负荷等观点出发,优选为水性涂料组合物。
光亮性涂料组合物的涂布量优选为使固化膜厚为5~40μm的量,更优选为6~35μm的量,进一步优选为7~30μm的量。
上述加热可以通过公知的方法进行,例如可以应用热风炉、电炉、红外线感应加热炉等干燥炉。加热温度优选为60~180℃,更优选为70~170℃,进一步优选为80~160℃。加热时间没有特别限制,但优选在10~40分钟的范围内,更优选在20~40分钟的范围内。
【实施例】
以下,列举制造例、实施例和比较例,对本发明进行更具体的说明。但是,本发明并不限定于此。在各例中,只要没有特别说明,则“份”和“%”以质量为基准。此外,涂膜的膜厚基于固化涂膜。
[1]被涂物的制备
在经过脱脂和磷酸锌处理的钢板(JISG3141,尺寸为400mm×300mm×0.8mm)上电沉积涂装阳离子电沉积涂料“ELECRON GT-10”(商品名,关西涂料株式会社制造,在环氧树脂聚胺系阳离子树脂中使用封端多异氰酸酯化合物作为固化剂),以使基于固化涂膜的膜厚为20μm,并在170℃下加热20分钟使其交联固化,形成电沉积涂膜。
使用旋转雾化型静电涂装机,在得到的上述钢板的电沉积涂面上静电涂装“WP-523H”(商品名,关西涂料株式会社制造,丙烯酸·三聚氰胺树脂系水性中涂涂料组合物)以使固化膜厚为20μm,放置5分钟,形成未固化的中涂涂膜,作为被涂物。
[2]涂料的制备
<含羟基丙烯酸树脂(A)的制造>
制造例1
在具备温度计、恒温器、搅拌装置、回流冷却器、氮气导入管和滴加装置的反应容器中,加入“Swasol 1000”(商品名,科斯莫石油株式会社制造,芳香族系有机溶剂)27份和丙二醇单甲醚乙酸酯5份。在将氮气吹入反应容器的同时在150℃下搅拌加料液,历时4小时匀速向其中滴加由苯乙烯20份、丙烯酸2-羟丙酯32.5份、甲基丙烯酸异丁酯46.8份、丙烯酸0.7份和二叔戊基过氧化物(聚合引发剂)3.5份组成的单体混合物。然后,在150℃下熟化1小时后冷却,进一步加入乙酸异丁酯21份进行稀释,得到固体成分浓度为65%的含羟基丙烯酸树脂(A-1)溶液。得到的含羟基丙烯酸树脂(A-1)的酸值为5.5mgKOH/g,羟值为140mgKOH/g,重均分子量为7500,玻璃化转变温度为38℃。
制造例2~4
在制造例1中,除了将配合组分设为如表1所示以外,以与制造例1相同的方式得到固体成分浓度为65%的含羟基丙烯酸树脂(A-2)~(A-4)溶液。将各含羟基丙烯酸树脂的酸值、羟值、重均分子量和玻璃化转变温度一并示于表1。
【表1】
<含羟基丙烯酸树脂(B)的制造>
制造例5
在具备温度计、恒温器、搅拌装置、回流冷却器、氮气导入管和滴加装置的反应容器中,加入“Swasol 1000”(商品名,科斯莫石油株式会社制造,芳香族系有机溶剂)27份和丙二醇单甲醚乙酸酯5份。在将氮气吹入反应容器的同时在150℃下搅拌加料液,历时4小时匀速向其中滴加由甲基丙烯酸2-乙基己酯13.7份、甲基丙烯酸2-羟乙酯40份、丙烯酸异丁酯38份、丙烯酸8.3份和二叔戊基过氧化物(聚合引发剂)6.5份组成的单体混合物。然后,在150℃下熟化1小时后冷却,进一步加入乙酸异丁酯21份进行稀释,得到固体成分浓度为65%的含羟基丙烯酸树脂(B-1)溶液。得到的含羟基丙烯酸树脂(B-1)的酸值为64.7mgKOH/g,羟值为173mgKOH/g,重均分子量为3500,玻璃化转变温度为15℃。
制造例6~8
在制造例5中,除了将配合组分设为如表2所示以外,以与制造例5相同的方式得到固体成分浓度为65%的含羟基丙烯酸树脂(B-2)~(B-4)溶液。将各含羟基丙烯酸树脂的酸值、羟值、重均分子量和玻璃化转变温度一并示于表2。
表2
<除了含羟基丙烯酸树脂(A)和含羟基丙烯酸树脂(B)以外的含羟基丙烯酸树脂(E)的制造>
制造例9
在具备温度计、恒温器、搅拌装置、回流冷却器、氮气导入管和滴加装置的反应容器中,加入“Swasol 1000”(商品名,科斯莫石油株式会社制造,芳香族系有机溶剂)27份和丙二醇单甲醚乙酸酯5份。在将氮气吹入反应容器的同时在150℃下搅拌加料液,历时4小时匀速向其中滴加由苯乙烯25份、丙烯酸2-羟丙酯17.5份、甲基丙烯酸2-羟乙酯17.5份、甲基丙烯酸2-乙基己酯34.8份、丙烯酸5.2份和二叔戊基过氧化物(聚合引发剂)5份组成的单体混合物。然后,在150℃下熟化1小时后冷却,进一步加入乙酸异丁酯21份进行稀释,得到固体成分浓度为65%的含羟基丙烯酸树脂(E-1)溶液。得到的含羟基丙烯酸树脂(E-1)的酸值为40.5mgKOH/g,羟值为151mgKOH/g,重均分子量为5000,玻璃化转变温度为28℃。
<含羟基聚酯树脂(D)的制造>
制造例10
在具备搅拌机、回流冷却器、水分离器和温度计的反应器中,加入六氢邻苯二甲酸酐100.1份、1,6-己二醇118份,在230℃下反应6小时后,用乙酸丁酯进行稀释,得到固体成分浓度为80%的含羟基聚酯树脂(D-1)溶液。得到的含羟基聚酯树脂(D-1)的酸值为2mgKOH/g,羟值为192mgKOH/g,数均分子量为578。
制造例11
在具备搅拌机、回流冷却器和温度计的反应器中,加入二羟甲基丁酸148份、“Cardura E10P”(商品名,Momentive Specialty Chemicals公司制造,新癸酸单缩水甘油酯)735份和六氢邻苯二甲酸酐308份,在190℃下反应3小时。然后,加入ε-己内酯342份,在190℃下反应3小时后,用乙酸丁酯进行稀释,得到固体成分浓度为80%的含羟基聚酯树脂(D-2)溶液。得到的含羟基聚酯树脂(D-2)的酸值为4mgKOH/g,羟值为120mgKOH/g,而且数均分子量为1529。
<高固体含量涂料组合物的制造>
实施例1
将由制造例1中得到的含羟基丙烯酸树脂(A-1)溶液76.9份(固体成分50份)、制造例6中得到的含羟基丙烯酸树脂(B-2)溶液12.3份(固体成分8份)、“SETALUX 61767VX-60”(商品名,湛新公司制造,粘性调整剂,固体成分60%)0.5份(固体成分0.3份)和“BYK-300”(商品名,毕克化学公司制造,表面调整剂,有效成分52%)0.4份(固体成分0.2份)均匀混合而得到的主剂,以及作为固化剂的“Sumidur N3300”(商品名,住化科思创聚氨酯公司制造,六亚甲基二异氰酸酯的异氰脲酸酯体,固体成分含有率100%)42份在即将涂装之前均匀混合,进一步加入乙酸丁酯,将涂装时的固体成分调整为58%,从而得到高固体含量涂料组合物No.1。
实施例2~13和比较例1~4
除了将配合组分及涂装时的固体成分设为如下述表3~5所示以外,以与高固体含量涂料组合物No.1相同的方式得到各高固体含量涂料组合物No.2~17。另外,表3~5所示的配合组分基于各成分的固体成分质量。
<试验板的制作>
使用旋转雾化型静电涂装机,在上述[1]中制备的被涂物上静电涂装“WBC-713TNo.1F7”(商品名,关西涂料株式会社制造,丙烯酸·三聚氰胺树脂系水性基底涂布涂料,银色涂料色)以使干膜厚度为12μm,放置3分钟后,在80℃下进行5分钟预热,形成未固化的基底涂布涂膜。
接着,使用旋转雾化型静电涂装机,在该未固化的基底涂布涂膜上静电涂装高固体含量涂料组合物No.1,以使干膜厚度为35μm形成透明涂布涂膜,放置7分钟。接着,在140℃下加热30分钟,使中涂涂膜、基底涂布涂膜和透明涂布涂膜加热固化,由此制作实施例1的试验板。
在上述高固体含量涂料组合物No.1的试验板的制作中,除了将高固体含量涂料组合物No.1分别设为高固体含量涂料组合物No.2~17中的任一者以外,以与高固体含量涂料组合物No.1的试验板的制作相同的方式分别制作实施例2~13、比较例1~4的试验板。
对于上述得到的各试验板,通过下述试验方法进行评价。将评价结果与涂料组分一并示于表3~5。
(试验方法)
成品外观:基于通过Wave Scan(商品名,BYK Gardner公司制造)测定的Long Wave(LW)值和Short Wave(SW)值,评价成品外观。
LW值:平滑性的指标,LW值越小,则表示涂面的平滑性越高。7以下为合格。
SW值:鲜映性的指标,SW值越小,则表示涂面的鲜映性越高。18以下为合格。
抗回粘性:使用多角度分光光度计“MA-68II”(商品名,X-Rite公司制造),测定受光角15°和受光角110°的L值(亮度),通过下述式求出随角异色值,作为抗回粘性的指标。随角异色值越高,则表示铝的取向越好,抗回粘性越优异。86以上为合格。
随角异色值=受光角15°的L值-受光角110°的L值
表3
表4
表5
以上,对本发明的实施方式和实施例进行了具体的说明,但本发明并不限定于上述实施方式,可以基于本发明的技术思想进行各种变形。
例如,在上述实施方式和实施例中所列举的结构、方法、工序、形状、材料和数值等仅为示例,可以根据需要使用与此不同的结构、方法、工序、形状、材料和数值等。
此外,在不脱离本发明的主旨的范围内,可以将上述实施方式的结构、方法、工序、形状、材料和数值等相互组合。
本申请基于2020年11月18日提交的日本专利申请(日本特愿2020-191308),将其内容作为参照引入本文。
Claims (6)
1.一种高固体含量涂料组合物,其特征在于,含有:
(A)酸值在0~30mgKOH/g的范围内的含羟基丙烯酸树脂;
(B)酸值在60~120mgKOH/g的范围内的含羟基丙烯酸树脂;以及
(C)多异氰酸酯化合物,
并且,涂装时的固体成分为50质量%以上。
2.根据权利要求1所述的高固体含量涂料组合物,其中,
所述含羟基丙烯酸树脂(A)的重均分子量在3000~10000的范围内。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的高固体含量涂料组合物,其中,
所述含羟基丙烯酸树脂(B)的重均分子量在1000~4000的范围内。
4.根据权利要求1~3中任一项所述的高固体含量涂料组合物,其中,
所述含羟基丙烯酸树脂(A)与所述含羟基丙烯酸树脂(B)的含有比例以含羟基丙烯酸树脂(A)/含羟基丙烯酸树脂(B)的质量比计为99/1~70/30。
5.根据权利要求1~4中任一项所述的高固体含量涂料组合物,其中,
所述高固体含量涂料组合物进一步含有含羟基聚酯树脂(D)。
6.一种多层涂膜形成方法,其包括下述步骤(1)~(3):
步骤(1):在被涂物上涂装光亮性涂料组合物而形成光亮性涂膜;
步骤(2):在所述步骤(1)中得到的光亮性涂膜上涂装权利要求1~5中任一项所述的高固体含量涂料组合物而形成透明涂膜;以及
步骤(3):通过对经所述步骤(1)和(2)而形成的包含光亮性涂膜和透明涂膜的多层涂膜进行加热,使所述多层涂膜同时固化。
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