CN116463059A - 一种物质全疏涂层悬浮液的制备及涂层方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种物质全疏涂层悬浮液的制备及涂层方法,所述制备方法,包括以下步骤:向全氟润滑油中加入质量分数为1%‑2%的聚四氟乙烯微粒,得到混合物;将混合物先进行1‑2h的超声振荡处理,然后进行2‑4h的磁力搅拌处理,得到涂层悬浮液;本发明通过向全氟润滑油中加入聚四氟乙烯微粒,并经过超声振荡和磁力搅拌后得到全疏涂层悬浮液,将该全疏涂层悬浮液采用涂层方法进行涂层后,在物质的表面形成全疏涂层,该全疏涂层能够实现同时排斥固体、气体、液体状态污染物;同时,物质全疏涂层可以稳定附着在光滑表面,无需对待涂层的物质表面进行结构处理。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及涂层材料技术领域,具体涉及一种物质全疏涂层悬浮液的制备及涂层方法。
背景技术
目前,两种最前沿的疏水表面的方法分别受到荷叶和猪笼草的启发。前者旨在通过使用分层结构来捕获内部的空气,使水滴能够快速滚落,从而开发超疏水表面。后者是通过制造光滑的注入液体的多孔表面,该超滑表面不可或缺地利用结构粗糙度来巩固稳定的润滑剂膜,使不混溶的液滴容易滑落。尽管它们的潜在疏水机制不同,但两个表面都必须依赖于表面结构来稳定地将空气或油固定在内部以排斥外来液体。引入表面结构虽然目前普遍存在,但受到物理稳定性、封闭空间和微型装置制造困难、大规模可行性、功能损坏或对光滑材料的修改等固有限制,严重制约了这些疏水表面的实际应用性。
表面形貌还可以引发气体和固体污染物对这些疏水表面的附着力的增强,从而损害它们对不同状态的污染物的排斥性。例如,超疏水表面可以有效地排斥液相中的水滴但容易被气泡和固体冰污染;猪笼草启发的超滑表面在排斥气泡和流体方面有效,但对粘弹性固体不起作用。但是,在现实生活中,污染物不只有液体,可能是固体、气体、液体单个状态,也有可能是两个或者三个污染物的混合体,而现有的疏水表面都无法实现对固体、液体、气体三种状态的污染物的同时排斥。
发明内容
针对现有技术存在的问题,本发明提供一种物质全疏涂层悬浮液的制备方法及涂层方法,得到的物质全疏涂层可以实现同时排斥固体、气体、液体状态污染物;同时,物质全疏涂层可以稳定附着在光滑表面,无需结构处理。
本发明的技术方案如下:
在本发明的第一方面,提供了一种物质全疏涂层悬浮液的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
向全氟润滑油中加入质量分数为1%-2%的聚四氟乙烯微粒,得到混合物;
将混合物先进行1-2h的超声振荡处理,然后进行2-4h的磁力搅拌处理,得到涂层悬浮液。
在本发明的第二方面,提供了一种物质全疏涂层悬浮液,采用第一方面所述的制备方法得到,涂层悬浮液的成分包括全氟润滑油和聚四氟乙烯微粒。
在本发明的第三方面,提供了一种物质全疏涂层悬浮液的涂层方法,采用第二方面的涂层悬浮液进行表面涂层,包括以下步骤:
对待涂层表面进行预处理;
将涂层悬浮液摇晃均匀后进行表面涂层,所述表面涂层方法包括喷涂法、浸泡提拉法毛细铺展法;
将涂层后的表面倾斜放置一段时间,在重力的作用下将多余的涂层溶液去掉。
在本发明的第四方面,提供了一种采用第三方面所述的涂层方法得到的物质全疏涂层,同时具有液体排斥性、固体排斥性和气体排斥性。
本发明一个或多个技术方案具有以下有益效果:
本发明通过向全氟润滑油中加入聚四氟乙烯微粒,并经过超声振荡和磁力搅拌后得到物质全疏涂层悬浮液,将该全疏涂层悬浮液采用涂层方法进行涂层后,在物质的表面形成物质全疏涂层,该物质全疏涂层能够实现同时排斥固体、气体、液体状态污染物;同时,物质全疏涂层可以稳定附着在光滑表面,无需对待涂层的物质表面进行结构处理。
本发明提供的涂层方法中,对于氟化材料不需要进行任何预处理,对于非氟化固体材料,进行了浸泡预处理,增强了涂层悬浮液与光滑固体之间的亲和力,提高了全疏涂层在物质表面附着的稳定性。
附图说明
图1为液体正己烷在本发明的物质全疏表面上的滑动;
图2为固体花生酱在本发明的物质全疏表面上的滑动;
图3为固体花生酱在超疏水表面上的黏附;
图4为固体花生酱在超滑表面上的黏附;
图5为固体花生酱在光滑表面上的黏附;
图6为气泡在本发明的物质全疏表面上的滑动。
具体实施方式
应该指出,以下详细说明都是例示性的,旨在对本发明提供进一步的说明。除非另有指明,本文使用的所有技术和科学术语具有与本发明所属技术领域的普通技术人员通常理解的相同含义。
本发明的一种典型的实施方式中,提出一种物质全疏涂层悬浮液的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
向全氟润滑油中加入质量分数为1%-2%的聚四氟乙烯微粒,得到混合物。
具体的,采用聚四氟乙烯微粒的粒径小于1μm,聚四氟乙烯微粒的粒径越小越有利于悬浮液的形成,同时将聚四氟乙烯微粒加入的质量分数限制在1%-2%的范围内,通过聚四氟乙烯微粒质量分数的限制,可以保证制备的悬浮液的稳定性,若质量分数过大,会导致悬浮液粘稠,即粘性系数增大,不利于表面液体、固体、气泡的滑动排斥,若质量分数过小,难以形成稳定的悬浮液涂层,液体、固体、气泡会固定在涂层表面。
全氟润滑油采用低表面张力全氟润滑油,具体可以采用表面张力小于15mN/m以下的全氟润滑油,如全氟三戊胺。
将混合物先进行1-2h的超声振荡处理,具体的,所述超声振荡处理的频率为20-40kHz;
然后进行2-4h的磁力搅拌处理,所述磁力搅拌处理的转速为500-1000rpm;
通过超声振荡处理和磁力搅拌处理使全氟润滑油和聚四氟乙烯微粒混合均匀,以得到稳定的涂层悬浮液。
本发明的另一种典型的实施方式中,提供了一种物质全疏涂层悬浮液,涂层悬浮液的成分包括全氟润滑油和聚四氟乙烯微粒,两者材料均为低表面能材料,具有良好的疏液能力,将两者混合,全氟润滑油可以作为润滑层阻隔外来污染物,而聚四氟乙烯颗粒作为为纳米颗粒可以支撑载体,用来固定润滑层,使其不易消耗。
本发明的另一种典型的实施方式中,提供了一种物质全疏涂层悬浮液的涂层方法,包括以下步骤:
对待涂层表面进行预处理:本实施例无需要对待涂层表面进行结构处理,可根据表面的化学性质和表面能性质,适当进行浸泡或者喷涂处理,主要是为了增强涂层悬浮液与光滑固体之间的亲和力。比如,对于包括聚四氟乙烯、氟化乙烯丙烯和全氟烷氧基烷烃在内的氟化材料,不需要进行任何处理。对于非氟化固体材料,比如铝、不锈钢、铜、硅、钛、镍、镁合金、陶瓷、丙烯腈丁二烯苯乙烯和玻璃等,可以将固体浸入1h,1h,2h,2h-全氟十二烷基三氯硅烷的乙醇溶液中1-2h,然后在自然条件下蒸发处理,或者在80℃的空气中热处理1-2h,以促进乙醇的蒸发和氟化硅烷在基材上的交联。
将涂层悬浮液摇晃均匀后进行表面涂层,所述表面涂层方法包括喷涂法、浸泡提拉法、毛细铺展法:具体的,喷涂法为将物质全疏图层溶液用喷枪或气枪喷涂到光滑固体表面;浸泡提拉法为将固体进入到物质全疏涂层溶液中,然后匀速提拉上升;毛细铺展法为将涂层溶液放到表面上,利用表面和涂层溶液直接的化学亲和力,自动向四周铺展,从而形成均匀涂层。
三种方法涂层之后,均需要将涂层表面倾斜放置一段时间,在重力的作用下将多余的涂层溶液去掉。
本发明的另一种典型的实施方式中,提供了一种全疏涂层,该全疏同时具有液体排斥性、固体排斥性和气体排斥性。
实施例1
物质全疏涂层悬浮液的制备:
向全氟润滑油中加入质量分数为1%同时粒径小于1μm的聚四氟乙烯微粒,得到混合物;将混合物在40Hz下,先进行1h的超声振荡处理,然后在1000rpm下进行2h的磁力搅拌处理,得到涂层悬浮液。
在铝基体的表面上进行涂层,进行以下预处理:将固体浸入1h,1h,2h,2h-全氟十二烷基三氯硅烷的乙醇溶液中约1小时,然后在自然条件下蒸发处理,或者在80℃的空气中热处理1小时,以促进乙醇的蒸发和氟化硅烷在基材上的交联。
采用喷涂法将涂层悬浮液喷涂到物质表面,倾斜放置一段时间后,在重力的作用下将多余的涂层溶液去掉,在物质表面形成全疏涂层。
对物质全疏涂层的全疏性能进行以下试验验证:
首先,物质全疏涂层表现出优异的液体排斥性,这方面可以通过极低的接触角滞后和低滑动角来证明。接触角滞后Δθ是液滴前进和后退接触角之间的差,而滑动角α是液滴开始移动或滑动的表面倾斜角度。如表1所示,对各种牛顿流体,表面张力范围为18.43mN/m(正己烷)至72.8mN/m(水),其中,液体正己烷在物质全疏表面上的滑动如图1所示,可见物质全疏涂层对液体正己烷具有优异的排斥性;如表2所示,液体粘度范围为0.0003Pa·s(正己烷)至0.934Pa·s(甘油),它们的接触角滞后Δθ<3.0°和低滑动角α<3.0°。除了牛顿流体,物质全疏涂层还能够有效地排斥高粘度的非牛顿流体,如蜂蜜、番茄酱和牙膏。与牛顿流体不同的是,牛顿流体在物质全疏涂层上的滑动角,实际上与粘度无关,非牛顿流体在物质全疏涂层上的滑动角,通常随粘度的增加而增加。
表1.物质全疏涂层所排斥液体的表面张力
表2.物质全疏涂层所排斥液体的动态粘度
其次,除排斥液体外,物质全疏涂层还能够抵抗粘弹性固体的粘附。如图2所示,一小块花生酱在倾斜的涂层表面上(倾斜角15°)无残留滑动。相反,如图3-5所示,粘弹性花生酱会粘在传统超疏水表面(图3)、超滑表面(图4)、光滑表面(图5)上,无法是实现滑动。
最后,物质全疏涂层还可以实现优越的水下气体排斥性。如图6所示,大小为~30μl气泡可以很容易地在倾斜的物质全疏表面(倾斜角大约2.5°)向上滑动,且没有任何残留。无残留气泡运动也证明了附着在光滑固体上的涂层膜在水下保持稳定。没有这样的涂层膜,气泡粘在光滑的表面上没有任何运动。
实施例2
物质全疏涂层悬浮液的制备:
向全氟润滑油中加入质量分数为1.5%同时粒径小于1μm的聚四氟乙烯微粒,得到混合物;将混合物在30Hz下,先进行1.5h的超声振荡处理,然后在800rpm下进行3h的磁力搅拌处理,得到涂层悬浮液。
在四氟乙烯基体的表面上进行涂层,不进行任何预处理。
采用浸泡提拉法将涂层悬浮液喷涂到物质表面,倾斜放置一段时间后,在重力的作用下将多余的涂层溶液去掉,在物质表面形成全疏涂层。
实施例3
物质全疏涂层悬浮液的制备:
向全氟润滑油中加入质量分数为2%同时粒径小于1μm的聚四氟乙烯微粒,得到混合物;将混合物在20Hz下,先进行2h的超声振荡处理,然后在500rpm下进行4h的磁力搅拌处理,得到涂层悬浮液。
在不锈钢基体的表面上进行涂层,进行以下预处理:将固体浸入1h,1h,2h,2h-全氟十二烷基三氯硅烷的乙醇溶液中约1小时,然后在自然条件下蒸发处理,或者在80℃的空气中热处理1小时,以促进乙醇的蒸发和氟化硅烷在基材上的交联。
采用浸泡提拉法将涂层悬浮液喷涂到物质表面,倾斜放置一段时间后,在重力的作用下将多余的涂层溶液去掉,在物质表面形成全疏涂层。
对实施例2和实施例3的物质全疏涂层的全疏性能按照实施例1中的方法进行试验验证,实施例2和实施例3的物质全疏涂层同样表现出了优异的液体排斥性、气体排斥性和固体排斥性。
以上所述的实施例对本发明的技术方案进行了详细说明,应理解的是以上所述仅为本发明的具体实施例,并不用于限制本发明,凡在本发明的原则范围内所做的任何修改、补充或类似方式替代等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
1.一种物质全疏涂层悬浮液的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
向全氟润滑油中加入质量分数为1%-2%的聚四氟乙烯微粒,得到混合物;
将混合物先进行1-2h的超声振荡处理,然后进行2-4h的磁力搅拌处理,得到涂层悬浮液。
2.如权利要求1所述的物质全疏涂层悬浮液的制备方法,其特征在于,所述全氟润滑油为低表面张力全氟润滑油,表面张力小于15mN/m。
3.如权利要求1所述的物质全疏涂层悬浮液的制备方法,其特征在于,所述聚四氟乙烯微粒的粒径小于1μm。
4.如权利要求1所述的物质全疏涂层悬浮液的制备方法,其特征在于,所述超声振荡处理的频率为20-40kHz。
5.如权利要求1所述的物质全疏涂层悬浮液的制备方法,其特征在于,所述磁力搅拌处理的转速为500-1000rpm。
6.一种物质全疏涂层悬浮液,采用权利要求1-5任一项所述的制备方法得到,其特征在于,涂层悬浮液的成分包括全氟润滑油和聚四氟乙烯微粒。
7.一种物质全疏涂层悬浮液的涂层方法,采用权利要求6所述的涂层悬浮液进行表面涂层,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
对待涂层表面进行预处理;
将涂层悬浮液摇晃均匀后进行表面涂层,所述表面涂层方法包括喷涂法、浸泡提拉法、毛细铺展法;
将涂层后的表面倾斜放置一段时间,在重力的作用下将多余的涂层溶液去掉。
8.如权利要求7所述的物质全疏涂层悬浮液的涂层方法,其特征在于,待处理表面为氟化材料是不需要进行预处理。
9.如权利要求7所述的物质全疏涂层悬浮液的涂层方法,其特征在于,待处理表面为非氟化固体材料时,预处理过程为:将固体浸入1h,1h,2h,2h-全氟十二烷基三氯硅烷的乙醇溶液1-2h,然后在自然条件下蒸发处理;或者,浸泡后在80℃的空气中热处理1-2h。
10.一种采用权利要求7-9任一项所述的涂层方法得到的物质全疏涂层,其特征在于,同时具有液体排斥性、固体排斥性和气体排斥性。
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