CN116440184A - 一种金银花总环烯醚萜苷提取物及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种金银花总环烯醚萜苷提取物及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- A61K36/00—Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
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- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K2236/00—Isolation or extraction methods of medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicine
- A61K2236/10—Preparation or pretreatment of starting material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61K2236/30—Extraction of the material
- A61K2236/33—Extraction of the material involving extraction with hydrophilic solvents, e.g. lower alcohols, esters or ketones
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61K2236/30—Extraction of the material
- A61K2236/33—Extraction of the material involving extraction with hydrophilic solvents, e.g. lower alcohols, esters or ketones
- A61K2236/333—Extraction of the material involving extraction with hydrophilic solvents, e.g. lower alcohols, esters or ketones using mixed solvents, e.g. 70% EtOH
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- A61K2236/50—Methods involving additional extraction steps
- A61K2236/53—Liquid-solid separation, e.g. centrifugation, sedimentation or crystallization
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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Abstract
本发明属于医药技术领域，具体涉及一种金银花总环烯醚萜苷提取物及其制备方法。本发明将金银花正丁醇相浸膏采用H‑103型大孔树脂进行粗分，采用体积分数为60％的乙醇水溶液做洗脱剂，调整上样量和洗脱剂用量，得到金银花总环烯醚萜苷提取物。本发明通过筛选大孔吸附树脂种类，优化上样量、洗脱剂的体积分数以及用量，环烯醚萜苷含量由纯化前的12.5％提高到60.4％，含量提高了4.8倍，而且本发明制备方法获得的总环烯醚萜苷提取物可通过抑制NOX活力减轻慢阻肺氧化应激，可用于制备抗慢性阻塞性肺疾病药物。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于医药技术领域，具体涉及一种金银花总环烯醚萜苷提取物及其制备方法。
背景技术
慢性阻塞性肺疾病(chronic obstructive pulmonary disease，COPD，以下简称慢阻肺)是一种以肺部气流受限为特征的呼吸系统疾病。据世界卫生组织统计，目前慢阻肺已成为全球第三大致死性疾病，也是我国经济负担最重的疾病之一。慢阻肺患者肺部增强的氧化应激是慢性炎症、疾病进展和恶化的主要驱动机制。临床研究显示慢阻肺患者的肺部普遍存在氧化-抗氧化失衡，即氧化应激损伤，氧化应激主要是由高水平的活性氧(reactive oxygen species,ROS)引起。ROS的蓄积一方面能够与脂质、蛋白等发生反应生成丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)等过氧化产物，造成细胞凋亡和组织氧化损伤；另一方面能够激活p38MAPK/NF-κB、PI3K/AKT等氧化还原敏感的炎症通路，放大慢性炎症。因此，调控氧化应激是治疗慢阻肺的有效策略。
目前，西医临床常使用抗氧化和抗炎药物用于慢阻肺的治疗，代表性的抗氧化药物有N-乙酰半胱氨酸、羧半胱氨酸和厄多司坦，代表性的抗炎药物有布地奈德混悬液、甲强龙等糖皮质激素类的药物。西医临床使用的抗氧化和抗炎药物普遍存在毒副作用大，如抗氧化药物N-乙酰半胱氨酸，分子结构中游离的巯基会吸附胃肠道粘蛋白，产生胃肠道局部损伤。糖皮质激素等抗炎药物的长期使用，其后遗症肺纤维化、股骨头坏死等多种不良反将伴随患者终身，严重影响患者的生存质量，给患者和社会造成巨大的经济负担，更安全有效的小分子抗氧化药物靶向慢阻肺氧化应激是疾病治疗的迫切需求。
中医临床针对慢阻肺的治疗多以复方为主，如张秀莲等人将二陈汤合三子养亲汤应用于痰湿阻肺型慢阻肺患者，能够改善患者肺功能及血气分析指标；陈唯嘉采用补肺活血汤改善由慢阻肺所致的慢性肺源性心脏病，改善心肺功能；黄荣泉采用补元蠲哮汤治疗不同严重程度慢阻肺稳定期患者，发现能够减轻患者气道受限程度，提升患者免疫力。相关动物药理实验研究也主要集中在复方，如王丽雅研究发现四子温肺汤能够改善痰湿蕴肺证慢阻肺大鼠肺组织病理变化，降低血清中炎症因子的的表达，抑制气道粘液高分泌；石孟瑶采用芪白平肺胶囊抑制慢阻肺痰瘀阻肺证大鼠肺血管重构及肺血管凋亡/增殖相关分子Bcl-2的表达，抑制肺血管重构，改善肺功能。但是，复方中药成分复杂，且并非所有的药物成分都对疾病具有治疗作用。因此，对中药中的有效成分及作用机制开展研究十分必要。单味药材是中药复方的组成基础，所以阐明单味药材中的有效成分、作用机制也是研究中药复方有效成分的基础。
发明内容
本发明立足于天然产物具有低毒的优势，以及中药复方药效物质基础不明确的问题，充分挖掘整理现代名老中医治疗慢阻肺的用药规律，从中寻找使用频率较高的单味中药-金银花，并对其中的药效成分进行富集纯化以及作用机制研究。
金银花为忍冬科忍冬属植物忍冬Lonicera Japonica Thunb.的干燥花蕾或初开的花，味甘，性寒，归肺、心、胃经，具有清热解毒、疏散风热的功效，这与慢阻肺发作期痰热蕴肺的病机非常吻合。成分是药效的物质基础，通过对金银花总成分分析发现，除挥发油外，环烯醚萜苷类约占金银花总化合物数量的39.2％，是占比最高的一类单萜成分。但是，由于环烯醚萜苷极性较大，在正相硅胶柱上死吸附现象严重，富集和纯化具有一定的难度。因此，本发明提出一种金银花总环烯醚萜苷提取物及其制备方法，采用本发明可以对金银花总环烯醚萜苷进行富集纯化，并对其作用机制进行研究。
本发明所述的一种金银花总环烯醚萜苷提取物中总环烯醚萜苷类化合物的含量为60.4％。
所述的金银花总环烯醚萜苷提取物的富集纯化方法，其具体步骤为：
(1)将冷冻干燥的金银花采用90％乙醇依次浸泡8天、7天和5天，合并浸提液，浓缩得乙醇浸膏；
(2)将乙醇浸膏依次采用石油醚、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇萃取，萃取液减压浓缩，保留正丁醇相浸膏；
(3)将正丁醇浸膏采用大孔树脂柱进行粗分，依次采用乙醇水溶液作为洗脱剂进行梯度洗脱，收集洗脱液，浓缩，干燥，得金银花总环烯醚萜苷。
步骤(3)中，采用的大孔树脂为H-103型大孔树脂。
步骤(3)中，所述的乙醇水溶液中乙醇的体积分数为60％。
步骤(3)中，将正丁醇浸膏采用大孔树脂柱进行粗分时，上样量为4g浸膏/50g大孔树脂。
步骤(3)中，最佳洗脱剂用量为4BV。
所述的金银花总环烯醚萜苷提取物的富集纯化方法，还包括金银花环烯醚萜苷的含量测定方法，其具体步骤为：
(1)精密吸取适量獐牙菜苷置于容量瓶内，用甲醇作溶剂稀释定容，精密配置系列浓度的獐牙菜苷溶液作为对照品溶液，保存备用；
(2)用甲醇稀释供试品，作为供试品稀释液；
(3)以甲醇作空白溶剂，在测定波长处测定对照品溶液的吸光度，以对照品的浓度为横坐标，吸光度为纵坐标，制作标准曲线，得到的线性回归方程；
(4)以甲醇作空白溶剂，在测定波长处测定供试品稀释液的吸光度，并代入标准曲线方程，计算出供试品中的总烯醚萜苷含量；
所述的测定波长为238nm。
本发明所述的金银花总环烯醚萜苷提取物在制备抗慢性阻塞性肺疾病药物中的应用。
与现有技术相比，本发明通过筛选大孔吸附树脂种类，优化上样量、洗脱剂的体积分数以及用量，环烯醚萜苷含量由纯化前的12.5％提高到60.4％，含量提高了4.8倍，更利于制备成临床上易于接受的各种剂型，也利于对对应制剂的质量控制；本发明制备方法获得的总环烯醚萜苷提取物可通过抑制NOX活力减轻慢阻肺氧化应激，可用于制备抗慢性阻塞性肺疾病药物。
附图说明
图1为供试品和对照品的UV光谱图；
图2为环烯醚萜苷泄露曲线；
图3为BALF和血清中T-AOC水平；
图4为BALF和血清中ROS的含量；
图5为BALF和血清中MDA的含量；
图6为肺组织病理检查结果(HE染色)，其中：A组肺组织结构基本正常，肺泡结构清晰，肺泡壁未见增厚，未见明显炎症浸润；B组肺组织结构重度异常，大量肺泡萎缩塌陷，肺泡壁增厚，肺实质化，并可见大量嗜中性粒细胞浸润，部分细胞坏死；C组肺组织结构轻度异常，部分肺泡萎缩塌陷，肺泡壁未见明显增厚，并可见个别嗜中性粒细胞浸润；肺泡腔中可见红细胞充盈；D组肺组织结构中度异常，部分肺泡萎缩塌陷，肺泡结构不清晰；肺实质内可见少量嗜中性粒细胞浸润，组织内可见脂肪细胞。
具体实施方式
实施例1
金银花总环烯醚萜苷提取物的富集纯化方法，其具体步骤为：
(1)将冷冻干燥的金银花采用90％乙醇依次浸泡8天、7天和5天，合并浸提液，浓缩得乙醇浸膏；
(2)将乙醇浸膏依次采用石油醚、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇萃取，萃取液减压浓缩，保留正丁醇相浸膏；
(3)将正丁醇浸膏采用大孔树脂柱进行粗分，依次采用乙醇水溶液作为洗脱剂进行梯度洗脱，收集洗脱液，浓缩，干燥，得金银花总环烯醚萜苷提取物。
步骤(3)中，采用的大孔树脂为H-103型大孔树脂。
步骤(3)中，所述的乙醇水溶液中乙醇的体积分数为60％。
步骤(3)中，将正丁醇浸膏采用大孔树脂柱进行粗分时，上样量为4g浸膏/50g大孔树脂。
步骤(3)中，最佳洗脱剂用量为4BV。
对比例1
金银花总环烯醚萜苷提取物的富集纯化方法，其具体步骤为：
(1)将冷冻干燥的金银花采用90％乙醇依次浸泡8天、7天和5天，合并浸提液，浓缩得乙醇浸膏；
(2)将乙醇浸膏依次采用石油醚、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇萃取，萃取液减压浓缩，保留正丁醇相浸膏。
实施例2紫外分光光度法测定金银花总环烯醚萜苷含量的方法
总环烯醚萜苷的含量测定方法，其具体步骤为：
(1)对照品溶液制备：精密吸取适量獐牙菜苷置于容量瓶内，用甲醇作溶剂稀释定容，精密配置系列浓度的獐牙菜苷溶液作为对照品溶液(0.820μg·mL-1，1.230μg·mL-1，2.050μg·mL-1，2.378μg·mL-1，2.460μg·mL-1，3.280μg·mL-1，4.100μg·mL-1)，保存备用；
(2)供试品溶液制备：取供试品正丁醇浸膏适量，精密称定，用甲醇超声溶解，摇匀，即得供试品溶液；采用对比例1中的正丁醇相浸膏时，供试品溶液的浓度为35.68μg·mL-1，采用实施例1中的正丁醇相浸膏时，供试品溶液的浓度为4.46μg·mL-1；
(3)以甲醇作空白溶剂，在测定波长处测定对照品溶液的吸光度，以对照品的浓度(μg·mL-1)为横坐标，吸光度为纵坐标，制作标准曲线，得到的线性回归方程Y＝0.214X+0.0496，R2＝0.9992；
(4)以甲醇作空白溶剂，在测定波长处测定供试品稀释液的吸光度，并代入标准曲线方程，计算出供试品中的总烯醚萜苷含量为12.5％。
所述的测定波长为238nm。
采用上述方法分别检测实施例1和对比例1中总环烯醚萜苷含量，由纯化前的12.5％提高到60.4％，含量提高了4.8倍。
实施例3方法学考察
(1)精密度试验
精密吸取獐牙菜苷对照品溶液6份，每份1.0mL，以甲醇为参比溶液，连续测量6次，求得吸光度值的RSD为0.42％(n＝6)，表明该仪器精密度良好。
(2)重复性试验
精密吸取供试品溶液6份，每份1.0mL，以甲醇为参比溶液，测定吸光度，计算总环烯醚萜苷含量，得其平均含量为12.51mg/g，RSD为1.70％，表明本方法具有良好的重复性。
(3)稳定性试验
精密吸取供试品溶液1.0mL，以甲醇为参比溶液测量吸光度，8h内每隔1h测定1次吸光度，求得吸光度值的RSD为2.17％，表明供试品溶液在8h内稳定性良好。
(4)回收率试验
精密称取供试品浸膏6份于100mL容量瓶，分别加入浓度为4.100μg·mL-1对照品溶液4.0，4.0，5.0，5.0，6.0，6.0mL浓度，用甲醇定容，测定吸收度，计算回收率和RSD，结果表明本方法测得的总环烯醚萜苷的回收率良好，见表1。
表1回收率实验测定结果
实施例4筛选大孔树脂
大孔树脂预处理：称取D-101、H-103、HPD-300、HPD-450、AB-85种型号的大孔树脂，用95％乙醇浸泡24h。湿法装柱，用95％乙醇冲洗至流出液与等量水混合不浑浊，再用蒸馏水洗至无醇味，备用。
静态吸附能力的考察：取预处理过的5种大孔树脂各8g，置于50mL离心管中。精密称取0.5g金银花正丁醇浸膏5份，每份加蒸馏水配置20mL上样液，加入离心管中，置摇床上振荡放置24h。取出后静置20min，倾出吸附后的样液；用20mL蒸馏水冲洗大孔树脂，收集水洗液。将吸附饱和的大孔树脂加70％乙醇50mL静态洗脱。测定吸附后样液、水洗液及洗脱液的吸光度值，按回归方程计算浓度，得到总环烯醚萜苷的含量。计算吸附量、洗脱量、洗脱率，以洗脱率为主要依据选择大孔树脂。
吸附量(mg)＝吸附前环烯醚萜苷质量-吸附后上样液环烯醚萜苷质量-水洗液环烯醚萜苷质量
洗脱率(％)＝洗脱量/吸附量×100％
结果显示(表2)：AB-8型和H-103型大孔树脂的吸附性能最优；D-101型的吸附解吸性能中等；HPD-300型与HPD-450型吸附解吸性能相近，HPD-300型略优于HPD-450型；H-103型的解吸附性能优于AB-8型。综合考虑，选用H-103型大孔树脂为吸附载体进行金银花环烯醚萜苷的富集纯化。
表2 5种大孔吸附树脂静态吸附能力的考察
实施例5动态吸附-解吸能力考察
①最佳上样量考察：准确称取预处理过的H-103型大孔树脂20g，湿法装柱，精密称取正丁醇相浸膏，溶解并上样，收集流出液，测定吸光度值，计算环烯醚萜苷含量。结果显示，随着上样量增加，流出液中环烯醚萜苷浓度升高，当上样量为0.4g时，流出液中泄露浓度超过上样浓度的10％，之后出现明显泄露趋势，因此得最佳上样量为4g浸膏/每50g大孔树脂(图2)。
②洗脱剂乙醇体积分数考察：精密称取5份预处理好的H-103型大孔树脂，每份20g，湿法装柱，上样0.4g，分别用50mL浓度为10％、30％、60％、80％、90％乙醇洗脱，收集洗脱液，测定洗脱液的吸光度值，计算环烯醚萜苷含量。其中乙醇体积分数为60％时，解析率最高，环烯醚萜苷含量最高，达56.1％(表3)。
表3乙醇浓度考察结果
③洗脱剂用量考察：精密称取预处理好的大孔树脂20g，湿法装柱，上样0.4g，用足量60％乙醇洗脱，以每20mL为一单位收集洗脱液，至液体完全澄清透明停止收集。测定洗脱液的吸光度值，计算环烯醚萜苷含量，最后确定最佳洗脱剂用量为4BV(表4)。
表4乙醇洗脱用量考察结果
实施例6金银花环烯醚萜苷抗慢阻肺氧化应激活性研究
本发明构建慢阻肺小鼠模型，构建方法如下：采用“烟熏联合LPS诱导”法，小鼠置于有机玻璃毒染箱内进行被动吸烟，每天2次，每周7天，持续2周，每次9-10支(焦油量:10mg/支，烟气烟碱量:1.2mg/支)，每次持续2h，每天上午称量体重并记录。在第1天和第14天，每只造模小鼠气管滴注LPS，LPS诱导当天暂停吸烟。
取SPF级雌性5周龄BALB/c小鼠，分为空白组、模型组、阳性药组、给药组，每组6只。模型组、阳性药组和给药组均制成慢阻肺模型，给药组每天在造模前半小时灌胃给予金银花环烯醚萜苷。末次给药后，在最佳时间点采集各组的血浆、支气管肺泡灌洗液(bronchoalveolar lavage fluid,BALF)以及肺组织标本。
样本处理与检测：测定支气管肺泡灌洗液和血清中ROS、MDA的含量以及总抗氧化能力(total antioxidant capacity,T-AOC)；将包埋的肺组织切片，进行苏木精-伊红染色(hematoxylin-eosin staining,HE)和胶原纤维MASSON染色；采用酶活力检测试剂盒，检测小鼠肺组织中的酶学指标。
结果显示：金银花环烯醚萜苷可显著提高慢阻肺小鼠BALF和血清中T-AOC水平，降低ROS和MDA的含量(图3-5)；病理学观察显示金银花环烯醚萜苷显著减轻慢阻肺小鼠肺组织炎性细胞浸润和降低胶原纤维的含量(图6，表5)，减轻肺部氧化应激损伤；肺组织酶学指标检测显示，相比于模型组，环烯醚萜苷组的肺组织中烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷磷酸氧化酶(nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate(NADPH)-oxidase，NOX)的活力明显下降(表6)。
表5各组小鼠肺组织胶原纤维百分比(MASSON染色)
表6各组小鼠肺组织中NOX活力
Claims (8)
1.一种金银花总环烯醚萜苷提取物，其特征在于，所述提取物中总环烯醚萜苷类化合物的含量为60.4％。
2.一种金银花总环烯醚萜苷提取物的富集纯化方法，其特征在于，其具体步骤为：
(1)将冷冻干燥的金银花采用90％乙醇依次浸泡8天、7天和5天，合并浸提液，浓缩得乙醇浸膏；
(2)将乙醇浸膏依次采用石油醚、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇萃取，萃取液减压浓缩，保留正丁醇相浸膏；
(3)将正丁醇浸膏采用大孔树脂柱进行粗分，依次采用乙醇水溶液作为洗脱剂进行梯度洗脱，收集洗脱液，浓缩，干燥，得金银花总环烯醚萜苷碳提取物。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种金银花总环烯醚萜苷提取物的富集纯化方法，其特征在于，步骤(3)中，采用的大孔树脂为H-103型大孔树脂。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种金银花总环烯醚萜苷提取物的富集纯化方法，其特征在于，步骤(3)中，所述的乙醇水溶液中乙醇的体积分数为60％。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种金银花总环烯醚萜苷提取物的富集纯化方法，其特征在于，步骤(3)中，将正丁醇浸膏采用大孔树脂柱进行粗分时，上样量为4g浸膏/50g大孔树脂。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种金银花总环烯醚萜苷提取物的富集纯化方法，其特征在于，步骤(3)中，最佳洗脱剂用量为4BV。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种金银花总环烯醚萜苷提取物的富集纯化方法，其特征在于，还包括金银花环烯醚萜苷的含量测定方法，其具体步骤为：
(1)精密吸取适量獐牙菜苷置于容量瓶内，用甲醇作溶剂稀释定容，精密配置系列浓度的獐牙菜苷溶液作为对照品溶液，保存备用；
(2)用甲醇稀释供试品，作为供试品稀释液；
(3)以甲醇作空白溶剂，在测定波长处测定对照品溶液的吸光度，以对照品的浓度为横坐标，吸光度为纵坐标，制作标准曲线，得到的线性回归方程；
(4)以甲醇作空白溶剂，在测定波长处测定供试品稀释液的吸光度，并代入标准曲线方程，计算出供试品中的总烯醚萜苷含量；
所述的测定波长为238nm。
8.权利要求1-3任一项所述的金银花总环烯醚萜苷提取物在制备抗慢性阻塞性肺疾病药物中的应用。
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| CN104069150A (zh) * | 2014-07-18 | 2014-10-01 | 鲁南制药集团股份有限公司 | 一种金银花提取物的制备方法 |
| CN106226415A (zh) * | 2016-07-11 | 2016-12-14 | 山东省分析测试中心 | 一种同时测定金银花中六种环烯醚萜苷类成分的方法 |
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| CN104069150A (zh) * | 2014-07-18 | 2014-10-01 | 鲁南制药集团股份有限公司 | 一种金银花提取物的制备方法 |
| CN106226415A (zh) * | 2016-07-11 | 2016-12-14 | 山东省分析测试中心 | 一种同时测定金银花中六种环烯醚萜苷类成分的方法 |
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