CN116397383B - 一种具有三维立体结构的熔喷布及其应用 - Google Patents
一种具有三维立体结构的熔喷布及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种具有三维立体结构的熔喷布,通过调整熔融纺丝过程中传动接收器对熔喷丝束的接收角度、接收距离以及其他工艺技术参数,在同等纤维纤度的前提下,改变了纤维的堆积方式,使得熔喷布的纤维结构从二维结构转变为三维结构。具有三维结构的熔喷纤维可以获得更大的比表面积,在同等阻力的情况下,纤维的过滤效果更高。此外,所述熔喷布的手感柔软、蓬松度高,且具有良好的纤维强度、拉伸性能和弯曲性能。该发明在实际使用过程中简单易操作,对熔喷设备的要求低,经济可行,所得熔喷布可广泛用于工业、民用、医疗等多种领域。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及熔喷布的制备领域,尤其涉及一种具有三维立体结构的熔喷布及其应用。
背景技术
熔喷布的主要制备原料为不同熔指的聚丙烯,通过特定的熔融纺丝方式制备得到,纤维直径可以达到1~5微米。熔喷布具有纺丝纤维的毛细结构、蓬松透软、抗皱能力强,而且其独特的毛细结构赋予熔喷布优异的过滤性、牵伸性和吸油性。但是现有技术的熔融纺丝得到的熔喷布一般为二维结构,纤维受收集和堆积方式的限制,使纤维的阻力和过滤效率二者之间不能更好地兼顾,为了得到较低的阻力,往往过滤效率也会较低。
中国专利申请CN112248587A公开了一种具有三明治结构的高滤效低阻力复合熔喷布,通过在A层熔喷布表面喷淋精细纤维熔喷层B,然后是继续喷淋形成C层熔喷布,其中A、C层起到粗过滤的作用,B层为精细过滤,三层结构功能互补,满足了阻力要求,同时具备较高的过滤性能。但是该熔喷布制备过程繁琐,其力学性能较差,若将三层熔喷层熔喷布的堆积密度逐渐增加,且最外层最细时,所得熔喷材料的堆积密度最高过滤最好。中国专利申请CN106995983A公开了一种双组份熔喷超细纤维网的生产方法,将两种聚合物原料分别用两套熔喷纺丝装备进行熔喷,通过设置喷丝组件与成网帘之间的夹角、两个喷丝组件间的夹角,使喷出的纤维束交叉在同一成网帘上,分散混合均匀后形成双组分熔喷超细纤维网,提高了两种超细短纤维混合的均匀程度,改变了纤维网的纤维结构,进而改变了产品的性能,但是该方法的操作复杂,对熔喷装置的要求较高,且只是针对双组份聚合物材料。
发明内容
本发明通过提供一种具有三维立体结构的熔喷布及其应用,解决了现有技术生产的产品其横向均匀性差异大、纤维效率与阻力二者不能更好地兼顾的弊端,实现了一种具有三维立体结构、纤维横向均匀,过滤效果高同时具有较低阻力的熔喷布。
本发明第一方面提供了一种具有三维立体结构的熔喷布,其制备原料选自聚丙烯(PP)、聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(PBT)、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)、聚乳酸(PLA)、聚碳酸酯(PC)、聚乙烯(PE)中的一种或多种。
在一些优选的实施方式中,所述制备原料的熔融指数不做限定;优选地,所述制备原料在230℃/2.16kg的熔融指数为800~2100g/10min。
在一些优选的实施方式中,所述具有三维立体结构的熔喷布的制备方法,包括以下步骤:将制备原料输入到螺杆挤出机中熔融加热,在热空气喷吹下将原料挤出形成纤维丝。
在一些优选的实施方式中,所述步骤中螺杆挤出机加热温度为200~320℃;优选地,所述螺杆挤出机加热温度为250~270℃。
在一些优选的实施方式中,所述步骤中熔融温度为220~320℃;优选地,所述步骤中熔融温度为220~280℃。
在一些优选的实施方式中,所述步骤中喷丝板孔径为0.3~0.5mm;优选地,所述步骤中喷丝板孔径为0.35mm。
在一些优选的实施方式中,所述步骤中热空气喷射角度为55~70°;热空气温度为200~300℃,频率为35~55Hz;优选地,所述步骤中热空气喷射角度为58~65°;热空气温度为240~270℃,频率为40~45Hz。
在一种优选的实施方式中,所述具有三维立体结构的熔喷布的制备方法,还依次包括以下步骤:调整传动接收器对熔喷纤维的接收角度;之后再调整喷丝板与传动接收器表面的接收距离,将挤出后所得纤维丝在传动接收器表面上收集成网,即得具有三维立体结构的熔喷布。
在一些优选的实施方式中,所述接收角度的调整可以为X轴方向也可以为Y轴方向的调整,不做具体限定;优选地,所述传动接收器对熔喷纤维的接收角度为0~90°;进一步优选地,所述传动接收器对熔喷纤维的接收角度为30~45°。
现有技术中,熔喷布主要通过获得更细纤维,形成更大比表面积来获取更好的过滤性能,但是该方法可能会导致阻力增加大、强度低的弊端,在阻力不增加的状态下,达不到较高的过滤效率。本申请人发现通过调整传动接收器对熔喷丝的接收角度,可以改变所得熔喷纤维的纤维结构,当传动接收器对熔喷丝的接收角度为0~90°时,即可以得到一种具有三维结构的熔喷材料。推测可能的原因是,传动接收器对熔喷丝束的水平或垂直方向的接收角度发生变化后,明显改变了纤维的堆积方式,使最初垂直方向喷出的纤维会根据接收角度的调整而发生一定程度的重合,从而使纤维具有一定的立体感、层次感,最终使熔喷材料由二维结构转变为三维结构,且纤维的堆积密度随着角度的变化而发生变化。意外地是,传动接收器对熔喷丝的接收角度为30~45°时,通过调整纺丝温度、热空气风温风量、空调冷却等参数的协同作用下,所得材料的三维立体结构明显,纤维横向分布更加均匀,在同等阻力的情况下具有优异的过滤性能。
此外,现有技术中主要通过熔融纺丝过程中的所用喷丝板的孔径、孔数来改变纤维的纤度,但孔径、孔数会受到加工材料和加工条件的局限,进而导致通过现有方式得到的熔喷材料的纤维纤度和堆积密度也受到一定的限定。而且过细的孔径和过小的孔间距,可能容易造成纤维间粘连现象、纤维强度较差等问题,无法平衡过滤效率和阻力二者之间的兼容性。
本申请中,通过传动接收器对熔喷丝的接收角度的变化,可以改善纤维的堆积密度、横向均匀性等,在同等纤维纤度的情况下,所形成的三维结构具有较平面结构更高的堆积密度、比表面积,达到更好的过滤效果。另外由于其堆积方式发生了变化而降低了其阻力值,实现了大家所期望熔喷材料应具有高效率低阻力的性能,降低了现有技术中熔喷布的高效率低阻力的生产难度和制造成本。
另一方面,具有三维结构的熔喷布因堆积密度的改变,改善了纤维其横向分布均匀性,增加了横向的断裂强度,缩小了横纵向力学性能差异性。
在一些优选的实施方式中,喷丝板与传动接收器表面中间部位的垂直接收距离为12~18cm;优选地,所述喷丝板与传动接收器表面中间部位的垂直接收距离为16cm。
本申请人发现,通过调整喷丝板与传动接收器表面中间部位的垂直接收距离为10~25cm可以改善所得纤维熔喷布的空气阻力,提升其透气性能。推测可能原因是适宜的接收距离可以使热空气充分扩散、冷却效果更好,使纤维利用自身预热实现热粘度,形成适宜的纤维结构,赋予其较好的过滤性能,同时阻力较低。若接收距离过小时,热空气的冷却和扩散不充分,出现“飞花”疵点,增强了纤维之间的热粘合效果,纤维会成卷曲状并团聚在一起,导致熔喷布的成型状态不良;若接收距离过大时,则会使熔喷布的蓬松度过大,导致熔喷布的纤维均匀性下降,虽然降低了其阻力,同时也会降低其过滤性能。在实验过程中本申请人意外发现,当调整喷丝板与传动接收器表面中间部位的垂直接收距离为16cm,在热空气喷射角度为58~65°、热空气温度为260~270℃及其他参数条件的协同作用下,同等熔融指数的聚丙烯纤维分布均匀,还可以改善熔喷布的牵伸强力、拉伸性能等。
本发明第二方面提供了一种具有三维立体结构的熔喷布的应用,用于工业、民用、医疗领域。
有益效果:
(1)本发明中通过调整熔融纺丝过程中传动接收器对熔喷丝束的接收角度、接收距离以及其他工艺参数,在不降低纤维纤度的前提下,改变了纤维的堆积方式,使熔喷布的纤维结构从二维结构转变为三维结构。纤维的堆积密度发生变化后,具有三维结构的纤维具有更大的比表面积,在同等阻力情况下增加了过滤效果。
(2)通过调整熔融纺丝过程中传动接收器对熔喷丝的接收角度,改善了熔喷过程中纤维粘结强度,改善了熔喷布横向纤维的均匀性,缩小了横纵向力学性能差异性。
(3)融纺丝过程中传动接收器对熔喷丝的接收角度的调整,改善了现有技术中无法很好地平衡过滤效率和阻力二者之间的矛盾,可以生产出多样化的、满足使用要求的各种熔喷材料。
(4)此外,所述熔喷布的手感柔软、蓬松度高,且具有良好的纤维强度、拉伸性能和弯曲性能。该方法简单易操作,对熔喷设备的要求及技术要求低,经济可行,所得熔喷布可广泛用于工业、民用、医疗等多种领域。
具体实施方式
实施例1.
1、一种具有三维立体结构的熔喷布,其制备原料为聚丙烯;
所述聚丙烯在230℃/2.16kg的熔融指数为1500g/10min,分子量分布在150℃时<3(东莞市业强塑胶原料有限公司,金发,型号91500);
所述具有三维立体结构的熔喷布的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)将制备原料输入到螺杆挤出机中熔融加热,在热空气喷吹下将原料挤出形成纤维丝;
(2)调整传动接收器对熔喷纤维的接收角度;
(3)调整喷丝板与传动接收器表面的接收距离,将步骤(1)所得纤维丝在下方传动接收器表面上垂直拉丝成网,即得具有三维立体结构的熔喷布。
所述步骤(1)中螺杆挤出机加热温度为250℃;
所述步骤(1)中熔融温度为255℃;
所述步骤(1)中喷丝板孔直径为0.35mm;
所述步骤(1)中热空气喷射角度为63°;热空气温度为240℃,频率为45Hz;
所述步骤(2)中传动接收器对熔喷纤维的接收角度为40°;
所述步骤(3)中喷丝板与传动接收器表面中间部位的垂直接收距离为16cm;
2、一种具有三维立体结构的熔喷布的应用,用于工业、民用、医疗领域。
实施例2:
1、一种具有三维立体结构的熔喷布,与实施例1的不同之处在于:
所述步骤(1)中熔融加热温度为260℃。
2、一种具有三维立体结构的熔喷布的应用,同实施例1。
实施例3:
1、一种具有三维立体结构的熔喷布,与实施例1的不同之处在于:
所述步骤(1)中熔融加热温度为270℃。
2、一种具有三维立体结构的熔喷布的应用,同实施例1。
实施例4:
1、一种具有三维立体结构的熔喷布,与实施例1的不同之处在于:
所述聚丙烯在230℃/2.16kg的熔融指数为1800g/10min(韩国巴塞尔,牌号MF650Y)。
2、一种具有三维立体结构的熔喷布的应用,同实施例1。
实施例5:
1、一种具有三维立体结构的熔喷布,与实施例1的不同之处在于:
所述步骤(2)中传动接收器对熔喷纤维的接收角度为30°。
2、一种具有三维立体结构的熔喷布的应用,同实施例1。
实施例6:
1、一种具有三维立体结构的熔喷布,与实施例1的不同之处在于:
所述步骤(3)中喷丝板与传动接收器表面中间部位的垂直接收距离为22cm。
2、一种具有三维立体结构的熔喷布的应用,同实施例1。
性能测试:
1、过滤性能:根据国家标准GB2626-2019《呼吸防护 自吸过滤式防颗粒物呼吸器》测定各实施例所得熔喷布的过滤性能,采用TSI8130自动滤料测试仪测试各实施例制备的熔喷材料的过滤效率:流速设置为85L/min,氯化钠颗粒物质量中值直径为0.3μm。
2、呼吸阻力:根据国家标准GB2626-2019《呼吸防护 自吸过滤式防颗粒物呼吸器》测定各实施例所得熔喷布的呼气阻力和吸气阻力。
3、断裂强力:根据标准FZ/T 60005-1991《非织造布断裂强力及断裂伸长的测定》对各实施例所得熔喷材料进行横向、纵向断裂强力测定。
具体测试结果见表1。
表1 实施例性能测试结果
Claims (5)
1.一种具有三维立体结构的熔喷布,其特征在于,其制备原料为聚丙烯,所述制备原料在230℃/2.16kg的熔融指数为800~2100g/10min;
所述具有三维立体结构的熔喷布的制备方法,包括以下步骤:将制备原料输入到螺杆挤出机中熔融加热,在热空气喷吹下将原料挤出形成纤维丝;调整传动接收器对熔喷纤维的接收角度;之后再调整喷丝板与传动接收器表面的接收距离,将挤出后所得纤维丝在传动接收器表面上收集成网,即得具有三维立体结构的熔喷布;
螺杆挤出机加热温度为200~320℃,熔融温度为220~320℃;
所述传动接收器对熔喷纤维的接收角度为40°;
所述步骤中热空气喷射角度为63°,热空气温度为240℃;
所述喷丝板与传动接收器表面中间部位的垂直接收距离为16cm。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种具有三维立体结构的熔喷布,其特征在于,螺杆挤出机加热温度为250~270℃。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种具有三维立体结构的熔喷布,其特征在于,熔融温度为220~280℃。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种具有三维立体结构的熔喷布,其特征在于,喷丝板孔径为0.3~0.5mm。
5.一种根据权利要求1-4任一项所述的具有三维立体结构的熔喷布的应用,其特征在于,用于工业、民用、医疗领域。
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