CN116369341A - 一种异囊地蛛驱避剂及其应用 - Google Patents
一种异囊地蛛驱避剂及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供一种异囊地蛛驱避剂及其应用,活性成分包含3‑甲基二十烷、桉油烯醇和野菊花精油;活性成分3‑甲基二十烷、桉油烯醇和野菊花精油的体积比为1‑10:1‑10:1‑10;本发明制备的异囊地蛛驱避剂对异囊地蛛均具有良好的驱避作用,其中体积比8:2:3的驱避效果最好,达91.67%。本发明通过室内行为学实验研究了含3‑甲基二十烷、桉油烯醇、野菊花精油不同体积比的组合物对异囊地蛛的驱避性,为发明异囊地蛛驱避剂提供了科学依据,同时通过制作驱避剂来保护异囊地蛛免于农事操作和化学农药伤害以及对其行为进行调控提供了重要依据。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于植物保护领域,具体涉及一种异囊地蛛驱避剂及其应用,对捕食性天敌异囊地蛛具有优异的驱避作用。
背景技术
异囊地蛛Atypusheterothecus,属于蜘蛛目Araneae地蛛科Atypidae的一种蜘蛛,是陆地生态系统中最丰富的捕食性天敌之一,常栖息在树干基部或石块下,通过结袋状网来捕食蝗虫、蛾类、蝇类等多种害虫,对降低害虫的发生与为害提供了很好的生物防控。然而,在春耕或者秋耕季节进行农事操作时,易伤害异囊地蛛,导致其数量严重下降,不利于“以蛛控虫”的发展。同时,农田进行害虫化学防治时,异囊地蛛也会受到化学农药的伤害导致数量锐减。因此,通过发明蜘蛛驱避剂,可在进行农事操作或者农作物化学防治之前,对农田蜘蛛进行驱避以保护蜘蛛免于伤害。
随着农业科技的可持续发展,蜘蛛学专家提出了“以蛛控虫”的新型生态调控理念,前人也发明相关蜘蛛引诱剂来引诱稻田蜘蛛防治农田作物免受害虫危害[专利号CN107821395A],但是却未见有为保护农田蜘蛛免于农事操作和化学农药伤害来发明蜘蛛驱避剂的报道。本发明中含3-甲基二十烷、桉油烯醇、野菊花精油不同体积比的组合物配方对异囊地蛛的驱避作用起到了显著效果。
发明内容:
为解决上述问题,本发明提出下列技术方案:
一种异囊地蛛驱避剂,活性成分包含3-甲基二十烷、桉油烯醇和野菊花精油;3-甲基二十烷、桉油烯醇和野菊花精油的体积比为1-10:1-10:1-10。
作为优选技术方案:3-甲基二十烷、桉油烯醇和野菊花精油的体积比为9:1:3、8:2:3、7:3:3、6:4:3、5:5:3、4:6:3、3:7:3、2:8:3或1:9:3。优选的,3-甲基二十烷、桉油烯醇和野菊花精油的体积比为7-9:1-3:2-4,特别优选的,3-甲基二十烷、桉油烯醇和野菊花精油的体积比为8:2:3。
本发明所述的异囊地蛛驱避剂还包含农业上辅料成分,活性成分的占驱避剂总重量的0.1-20%。
本发明提供的驱避剂可用于驱避异囊地蛛。
有益效果
相对于现有技术,本发明的有益效果为:本发明提供了一种含3-甲基二十烷、桉油烯醇、野菊花精油不同体积比的组合物配方在驱避异囊地蛛的作用上发挥了显著效果,能够有效驱避异囊地蛛免于农事操作和化学农药的伤害,同时为异囊地蛛的行为调控技术提供了重要依据。
附图说明
图1:Y型嗅觉仪法驱避测试结果。
相同小写字母表示差异不显著。不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)
图2:Y型嗅觉仪法驱避测试结果。
*表示处理与对照之间差异显著(P<0.05);**表示处理与对照之间差异极显著(P<0.01)
图3:滤纸药膜法驱避测试结果
*表示处理与对照之间差异显著(P<0.05);**表示处理与对照之间差异极显著(P<0.01)
具体实施方式:
下面结合具体实施例对本发明进行进一步描述。
实施例1:3-甲基二十烷、桉油烯醇、野菊花精油不同体积比的组合物配方对异囊地蛛的驱避作用(Y型嗅觉仪法)
1、供试蜘蛛:
异囊地蛛:采自四川省成都市文家场农田,将采集到的蜘蛛室内人工饲料饲养7d(单头单皿在9cm培养皿中饲养),饲养温度25±1℃,相对湿度75%-80%,光照条件为L:D=16h:8h。实验前饥饿24h(供饮水),随机选取60头大小体形相一致的蜘蛛供试。
2、供试药剂:
(1)3-甲基二十烷:购自上海毕得医药科技有限公司,纯度≥97%,CAS号:13410-45-2,货号:bd01121565。
(2)桉油烯醇:购自上海源叶生物科技有限公司,色谱纯(LC)≥HPLC≥93%,CAS号:6750-60-3,货号:s75280-5mg。
(3)野菊花精油:购自江西华隆植物香料有限公司,为纯天然植物精油,纯度≥98%,货号:yj2563。具体详情如下:
英文名称:Chrysanthemum Essential Oil
产品产地:中国江西省吉安市
萃取方式及部位:水蒸气蒸馏法植物的花朵
产品性状:淡黄色至黄棕色油状液体
产品香型:野菊花特有的芳香气味
主要成分:2-甲基二十烷、左旋樟脑、桉油醇、十八烷、8-己基十五烷、反式-α-香柠檬烯5、蓝桉醇、棕榈酸、4,6,6-三甲基双环[3.1.1]庚-3-烯-2酯、(3E)-2,6二甲基-3,5-庚二烯-2-醇、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯、β-法呢烯、叶绿醇、异环柠檬醛、硬脂炔酸、龙脑、大根香叶酮D、α-杜松醇、桉油烯醇。
(4)95%酒精:购自国药集团化学试剂有限公司。
3、实验方法:
采用Y型嗅觉仪法。测试异囊地蛛对含3-甲基二十烷、桉油烯醇、野菊花精油不同体积比组合物配方的行为反应。Y型嗅觉仪由大气采样仪、活性炭过滤器、蒸馏水加湿瓶、玻璃转子流量计、Y型管(基柄长20cm,两臂夹角75°,臂长20cm,内径3.5cm)组成。实验开始前一天控制室内温度25±1℃,相对湿度75%-80%,Y型管上方接入平行光(10W)来保证光照均匀一致,在Y型管的两臂末端活塞内分别放置蘸有5uL含3-甲基二十烷、桉油烯醇、野菊花精油不同体积比的组合物配方(处理组)和无任何试剂(对照组)的滤纸条(宽0.2cm×长5cm)。
不引入供试蜘蛛,开启Y型嗅觉仪,大气采样仪吸入空气,经过活性过滤器净化空气,再由蒸馏水加湿瓶加湿,然后经过气流量控制为400uL/min的玻璃转子计,最后将不同滤纸条上的味源从两臂吹向基柄入口。10min后从基柄入口单头引入供试蜘蛛,然后观察记录10min内供试蜘蛛的行为反应。异囊地蛛对不同气味源的行为选择的判定标准设定为:当供试蜘蛛在10min内有反应,且爬向两臂任一中超过1/3处并持续停留1min以上者,可以判定该供试蜘蛛对该臂连接的气味源作出选择。若10min内,供试蜘蛛未作出选择,则记为无反应。整个实验,供试蜘蛛逐头引入Y型管,每测试5头供试蜘蛛,用95%的酒精清洗Y型管,并用吹风机吹干,同时调换Y型管两臂位置,减少方位误差。每隔1h,换一次气味源滤纸条。每个处理组测试20头供试蜘蛛,3次重复,共60头,且供试蜘蛛不重复使用。记录结果并用SPSS 22.0软件进行单因素ANOVA检验和独立样本T检验统计分析。
驱避率(%)=对照臂内蜘蛛数/(供试蜘蛛总数-无反应蜘蛛数)×100%
4、测试结果:
从图1和图2可以看出,3-甲基二十烷、桉油烯醇和野菊花精油不同体积比的组合物配方对异囊地蛛均具有显著的驱避作用。其中3-甲基二十烷、桉油烯醇和野菊花精油体积比为8:2:3的组合物配方对异囊地蛛的驱避率最高,为91.67%,3-甲基二十烷、桉油烯醇和野菊花精油体积比为7:3:3的组合物配方对异囊地蛛的驱避率次之,然后体积比6:4:3、9:1:3、5:5:3、4:6:3、2:8:3、3:7:3、1:9:3驱避率依次递减,但仍然具有显著驱避效果。
综上所述,3-甲基二十烷、桉油烯醇和野菊花精油不同体积比的组合物配方对异囊地蛛具有很好的驱避效果。
实施例2:3-甲基二十烷、桉油烯醇、野菊花精油体积比为8:2:3的组合物配方对异囊地蛛的驱避时效作用(滤纸药膜法)
1、供试蜘蛛:
异囊地蛛:异囊地蛛采自四川省成都市文家场农田,将采集到的蜘蛛室内人工饲料饲养7d(单头在9cm培养皿中饲养),饲养温度25±1℃,相对湿度75%-80%,光照条件为L:D=16h:8h。实验前饥饿24h(供饮水),随机选取60头大小体形相一致的蜘蛛供试。
2、供试药剂:
(1)3-甲基二十烷:购自上海毕得医药科技有限公司,纯度≥97%,CAS号:13410-45-2,货号:bd01121565。
(2)桉油烯醇:购自上海源叶生物科技有限公司,色谱纯(LC)≥HPLC≥93%,CAS号:6750-60-3,货号:s75280-5mg。
(3)野菊花精油:购自江西华隆植物香料有限公司,为纯天然植物精油,纯度≥98%,货号:yj2563。
3、实验方法:
采用滤纸药膜法。将直径为9cm的中性滤纸对折剪成两半,一半滤纸上均匀涂有0.5mL的3-甲基二十烷、桉油烯醇和野菊花精油体积比为8:2:3的组合物配方(处理组),另一半滤纸上涂有等体积的纯水(对照组)。晾干10min后,用透明胶带粘在一起拼成完整的直径为9cm的滤纸,放入9cm的一次性培养皿底部,确保滤纸与培养皿底部和周边完全贴合,尽量少留缝隙。然后单头将蜘蛛从培养皿中央放入,盖上培养皿盖,用黑布遮光。每个处理组测试20头供试蜘蛛,3次重复,共60头。分别在2h,4h,8h,12h,24h,48h,72h观察记录两边滤纸的蜘蛛数量以便计算不同时间的驱避率。使用SPSS 22.0软件进行独立样本T检验统计分析。
驱避率(%)=(对照边蜘蛛数-处理边蜘蛛数)/对照边蜘蛛数×100%
驱避率的分级标准为:
0级:驱避率为0; I级:驱避率为0.1~20%;
II级:驱避率为20.1~40%; III级:驱避率为40.1~60%;
IV级:驱避率为60.1~80%; V级:驱避率为80.1~100%。
4、测试结果:
从图3可以看出,3-甲基二十烷、桉油烯醇和野菊花精油体积比为8:2:3的组合物配方在不同时间对异囊地蛛均具有驱避活性。其中在48h时,对异囊地蛛的驱避率最高,为90.84%,驱避等级为V级;在48h内,随着时间的增长,野菊花精油对异囊地蛛的驱避效果整体呈上升趋势。当在72h时,对异囊地蛛的驱避率相对于48h时的驱避率降低,为88.66%,驱避等级为V级。
综上所述,3-甲基二十烷、桉油烯醇和野菊花精油体积比为8:2:3的组合物配方对异囊地蛛具有很好的驱避效果。
Claims (5)
1.一种异囊地蛛驱避剂,其特征在于,活性成分包含3-甲基二十烷、桉油烯醇和野菊花精油;3-甲基二十烷、桉油烯醇和野菊花精油的体积比为1-10:1-10:1-10。
2.根据权利要求1所述的异囊地蛛驱避剂,其特征在于,3-甲基二十烷、桉油烯醇和野菊花精油的体积比为9:1:3、8:2:3、7:3:3、6:4:3、5:5:3、4:6:3、3:7:3、2:8:3或1:9:3。
3.根据权利要求1所述的异囊地蛛驱避剂,其特征在于,3-甲基二十烷、桉油烯醇和野菊花精油的体积比为8:2:3。
4.根据权利要求1所述的异囊地蛛驱避剂,其特征在于,还包含农业上辅料成分。
5.根据权利要求1-4任一项所述的异囊地蛛驱避剂用于驱避异囊地蛛的用途。
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