CN116369300A - 一种可长效缓释的防蟑轻质陶瓷板及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种可长效缓释的防蟑轻质陶瓷板及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN116369300A CN116369300A CN202211633614.4A CN202211633614A CN116369300A CN 116369300 A CN116369300 A CN 116369300A CN 202211633614 A CN202211633614 A CN 202211633614A CN 116369300 A CN116369300 A CN 116369300A
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- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
本发明属于建筑陶瓷技术领域,具体公开了一种可长效缓释的防蟑轻质陶瓷板及其制备方法。防蟑轻质陶瓷板包括轻质陶瓷基体和树脂层,轻质陶瓷基体的内表面具有开口气孔,树脂层覆盖于轻质陶瓷基体的外表面;开口气孔中含有填充物,填充物和树脂层均为防蟑功能材料;防蟑功能材料原料组分,按重量份计包括:甲基丙烯酸甲酯75‑99份;交联剂1‑3份;引发剂0.03‑0.25份;多孔氧化硅微球10‑15份;多孔氧化硅微球中负载有防蟑剂。本发明将负载防蟑剂的多孔氧化硅微球、甲基丙烯酸甲酯单体溶液等原料填充到轻质陶瓷基材的开口气孔中,通过热处理分步聚合,使基材表面覆盖一层具有防蟑效果的树脂层,实现了防蟑剂的长效缓释效果。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于建筑陶瓷技术领域,具体涉及一种可长效缓释的防蟑轻质陶瓷板及其制备方法。
背景技术
蟑螂是常见的卫生害虫,在中国的大部分地区尤其是长江以南区域,蟑螂的肆虐已经给人们的正常生活带来非常大的影响。由于蟑螂具有很强的生存能力和繁殖能力,普通的消杀手段已经很难将蟑螂彻底清除。陶瓷板是室内外装饰装修主要的材料,将防蟑剂与陶瓷板相结合,可以有效的利用陶瓷板铺贴广泛的优点,但是由于普通陶瓷板表面气孔过少,不足以负载能够实现长时间防蟑效果的药剂。即使采用具有多孔结构的轻质砖,防蟑剂也将很快释放,无法实现长效持续释放的效果
因此,亟需研发一种可长效缓释的陶瓷板,使其不仅可负载更多的防蟑药剂,还可实现持续长效释放。
发明内容
本发明旨在至少解决上述现有技术中存在的技术问题之一。为此,本发明提出一种可长效缓释的防蟑轻质陶瓷板及其制备方法。本发明以轻质陶瓷砖作为基材,利用其表面具有大量开口气孔,将负载防蟑剂的多孔氧化硅微球、甲基丙烯酸甲酯单体溶液等原料填充到开口气孔中,通过热处理聚合,使轻质陶瓷基材表面覆盖一层具有防蟑效果的树脂层,实现了防蟑剂的长效缓释效果。
为解决上述技术问题,本发明的第一方面提供了一种防防蟑轻质陶瓷板,包括轻质陶瓷基体和树脂层,所述轻质陶瓷基体的内表面具有开口气孔,所述树脂层覆盖于所述轻质陶瓷基体的外表面;所述开口气孔中含有填充物,所述填充物和所述树脂层均为防蟑功能材料;所述防蟑功能材料的制备原料,按重量份计包括:
所述多孔氧化硅微球中负载有防蟑剂。
具体地,本发明以低体积密度的轻质陶瓷砖作为基材,并采用抛光的方式使其表面具有大量的开口气孔,相比于封闭气孔,开口气孔内部可以提供更多容纳防蟑药剂的空间。同时,由于丰富的开口气孔的存在,提高了轻质陶瓷基材的比表面积,从而有助于提高载药的释放效率。本发明通过在轻质陶瓷基材的开口气孔及其表面均填充或涂覆具有防蟑功能的树脂层,以增加防蟑药剂的负载量,从而延长实现轻质陶瓷板的长效释放。
同时,本发明的防蟑功能材料以甲基丙烯酸甲酯为单体,在引发剂和交联剂的作用下,将发生聚合反应生成聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯,该聚合材料具有较高的表面硬度和防蟑效果,聚合后的聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯层硬度高,可以应对生活中日常使用造成的破坏,有效的提高了防蟑药效的使用时间和耐用程度。与此同时,本发明的防蟑功能材料还需满足上述特定的组分要求,方可实现最佳的材料强度和长效防蟑效果。具体地,甲基丙烯酸甲酯作为单体,是聚合后树脂材料的主体,用量过低将不利于聚合后的树脂材料的强度。交联剂主要用于甲基丙烯酸甲酯单体的交联,交联剂用量不足将导致交联程度低,分子空间结构以二维链状结构为主,同样不利于材料的强度;交联剂用量过高,则交联度上升,虽然有利于提高材料的的强度和表面硬度,但同时也相应增加了材料的脆性。引发剂为引发聚合反应的催化剂,其用量过高容易产生爆聚,使材料强度下降;用量不足则易导致聚合反应不彻底,从而致使甲基丙烯酸甲酯单体和交联剂外溢,不仅影响材料的强度,外溢未反应的单体和交联剂还易造成污染。
此外,本发明的防蟑功能材料中还添加了多孔氧化硅微球,且多孔氧化硅微球中负载有防蟑剂。多孔氧化硅微球作为缓释通道,可最大限度释放防蟑剂,同时防蟑剂存在于多孔通道中,有利于防蟑剂的缓慢释放,从而延长轻质陶瓷板的防蟑功能的使用寿命,实现长效缓释效果。且多孔氧化硅作为一种无机填料颗粒,有利于提高树脂层的机械强度和使用寿命。
作为上述方案的进一步改进,所述多孔氧化硅微球的直径为3-6μm。
具体地,多孔氧化硅微球的内部具有大量相互连通的微孔道,一方面有利于防蟑剂的负载,另一方面也有助于防蟑剂的缓释。
优选的,所述多孔氧化硅微球中负载防蟑剂的量为2-4份,即10-15重量份的多孔氧化硅微球中可负载防蟑剂的量为2-4重量份。
作为上述方案的进一步改进,所述轻质陶瓷基体的体积密度为0.3-1.4g/cm3。
具体地,体积密度小于1.4g/cm3的轻质多孔陶瓷基体,其表面抛光后含有大量的微小开口气孔,有利于提高轻陶瓷基体的比表面积,为防蟑剂提供更多的的容纳空间,从而提高载药的释放效率。
作为上述方案的进一步改进,所述防蟑剂选自柠檬精油、薄荷精油、樟脑精油、迷迭香精油、桉树精油、青蒿精油、猫薄荷精油、柠檬香茅精油中的至少一种。
具体地,这些防蟑剂均为天然植物精油,相对于拟除虫菊酯类防蟑剂具有更安全健康的特点,但其对蟑螂同样具有良好的驱避作用,将这些具有驱避效果的植物精油分散到多孔氧化硅微球中,可形成具有长效缓释的防蟑剂。
优选的,所述防蟑剂使用前需要加入无水硫酸镁或无水硫酸钙进行充分干燥,干燥时间视甲基丙烯酸甲酯的含水量而定,不小于6小时,最后通过减压蒸馏方式进行纯化。其中:干燥的目的是除去防蟑剂中微量的水,易导致反应不完全,从而影响材料性能。蒸馏纯化的目的是则是为了去除使用的干燥剂无水硫酸镁或无水硫酸钙。
优选的,所述交联剂选自二乙烯基苯、对苯二甲酸二烯丙酯,间苯二甲酸二烯丙酯,邻苯二甲酸二烯丙酯,异戊二烯中的至少一种。
优选的,所述引发剂选自偶氮二异丁腈、偶氮二异庚腈、过氧化二酰、过硫酸钾中的至少一种。
优选的,所述甲基丙烯酸甲酯的纯度不小于98%。高纯度的甲基丙烯酸甲酯更有利于聚合反应的进行,杂质将影响聚合反应的进度,使引发剂失去活性。
本发明的第二方面提供了一种防防蟑轻质陶瓷板制备方法,所述制备方法用于制备本发明第一方面所述的防蟑轻质陶瓷板,包括以下步骤:
(1)将多孔氧化硅微球置于防蟑剂中,加热、过滤,得负载防蟑剂的多孔氧化硅微球;
(2)取部分甲基丙烯酸甲酯与部分引发剂混合,一次升温,使引发剂溶解;二次升温,引发聚合反应;冷却后,将剩余的甲基丙烯酸甲酯、剩余的引发剂、交联剂和步骤(1)制得的负载防蟑剂的多孔氧化硅微球混合,脱泡后,得混合料浆;
(3)将步骤(2)制得的混合料浆涂刷至轻质陶瓷基体的表面,进行热处理,得所述防蟑轻质陶瓷板。
具体地,本发明甲基丙烯酸甲酯采用分步反应聚合,通过预先部分聚合,使体系先形成具有一定聚合度的骨架结构,可有效防止多孔氧化硅微球形成团聚体,影响聚合反应的稳定进行。同时,将混合浆料涂刷至轻质陶瓷基体表面后进行热处理,在轻质陶瓷基体表面直接聚合形成具有防蟑效果的树脂层,更有利于树脂与轻质陶瓷基体的结合,可有效避免树脂层的脱落。
优选的,步骤(1)中,所述加热的温度为50-60℃,时间为0.5-1小时。
优选的,步骤(2)中,一次升温至35-55℃,二次升温至85-95℃。
优选的,步骤(2)中,所述二次升温后停止升温的条件是,反应液体的粘度为常温下800-1000mPa·S。
优选的,步骤(2)中,甲基丙烯酸甲酯先后两次加入的量的质量比为1:(6.5-8.9);引发剂先后两次加入的量的质量比为1:(2-24)。
优选的,步骤(2)中,所述脱泡采用真空脱泡,所述真空脱泡的时间为10-50min。
优选的,步骤(3)中,所述热处理的工艺条件为:先加热至50-70℃,保温2-6小时;然后升温至100-120℃,再保温2-6小时。
优选的,步骤(3)中,所述混合浆料的涂刷量为150-180g/m2。
本发明的上述技术方案相对于现有技术,至少具有如下技术效果或优点:
(1)本发明以表面具有大量开口气孔的轻质陶瓷砖作为基材,以提高基材的比表面积,并可提供更多的容纳防蟑剂的空间,有利于提高载药的释放效率;并通过在轻质陶瓷基材的开口气孔及其表面均填充或涂覆具有防蟑功能的树脂层,以增加防蟑药剂的负载量,从而延长实现轻质陶瓷板的长效释放。
(2)本发明的防蟑功能材料以甲基丙烯酸甲酯为单体,在引发剂和交联剂的作用下,将发生聚合反应生成聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯,该聚合材料具有较高的表面硬度和防蟑效果,有效的提高了防蟑药效的使用时间和耐用程度;同时添加负载有防蟑剂的的多孔氧化硅微球,以实现防蟑剂的缓慢释放。
(3)本发明的甲基丙烯酸甲酯采用分步反应聚合,使体系先形成具有一定聚合度的均匀骨架结构,以保证聚合反应的稳定进行;并在轻质陶瓷基体表面直接聚合形成具有防蟑效果的树脂层,以实现树脂与轻质陶瓷基体间的牢固结合。
(4)本发明制备的轻质陶瓷板,不仅表面强度高,且具有优异的长效缓释防蟑性能,可实现至少6个月以上的良好防蟑效果。
附图说明
图1为本发明的表面疏水陶瓷的结构示意图。
图中:100表示轻质陶瓷基体;200表示开口气孔;300表示树脂层。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明进行具体描述,以便于所属技术领域的人员对本发明的理解。有必要在此特别指出的是,实施例只是用于对本发明做进一步说明,不能理解为对本发明保护范围的限制,所属领域技术熟练人员,根据上述发明内容对本发明作出的非本质性的改进和调整,应仍属于本发明的保护范围。同时下述所提及的原料未详细说明的,均为市售产品;未详细提及的工艺步骤或制备方法均为本领域技术人员所知晓的工艺步骤或制备方法。
如图1所示,本发明的防防蟑轻质陶瓷板,包括轻质陶瓷基体100和树脂层300,
陶瓷基体100内表面具有开口气孔200,树脂层300覆盖于轻质陶瓷基体100的外表面;开口气孔200中含有填充物,填充物和树脂层300均为防蟑功能材料。
以下实施例和对比例的轻质陶瓷基体100均选自表面抛光轻质陶瓷砖。
实施例1
一种防蟑轻质陶瓷板,包括体积密度为1.4g/cm3的轻质陶瓷基体,轻质陶瓷基体的内表面具有开口气孔,开口气孔中含有填充物,轻质陶瓷基体的外表面覆盖有树脂层,填充物和树脂层均为防蟑功能材料。
按重量份计,防蟑功能材料原料组分包括:
其中:多孔氧化硅微球中负载有柠檬精油,柠檬精油的负载量为2份;多孔氧化硅微球的直径为3μm。
一种防蟑轻质陶瓷板制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将10重量份的多孔氧化硅微球加入柠檬精油中,加热60℃,搅拌0.5小时,随后过滤,冷却至室温,得到负载柠檬精油的多孔氧化硅微球;
(2)取20重量份的甲基丙烯酸甲酯与0.01重量份的偶氮二异丁腈,在35℃混合均匀,使偶氮二异丁腈充分溶解,然后放入反应釜中加热引发聚合反应,设置反应温度为95℃,当反应液体粘度达到800mPa.s(25℃时)以后,停止加热,使反应液体自然冷却;将剩余55重量份的甲基丙烯酸甲酯、剩余0.02重量份的偶氮二异丁腈、二乙烯基苯、步骤(1)制得的负载柠檬精油的多孔氧化硅微球加入到上述的反应釜中,继续搅拌均匀后,真空脱泡20分钟,得混合料浆;
(3)将步骤(2)制得的混合料浆按涂布量150g/m2均匀涂刷到轻质陶瓷基材表面,设置反应温度为55℃,加热反应2小时,然后提高反应温度到120℃,继续反应3小时,反应结束后冷却至室温,即得到本实施例的防蟑轻质陶瓷板。
实施例2
一种防蟑轻质陶瓷板,包括体积密度为0.3g/cm3的轻质陶瓷基体,轻质陶瓷基体的内表面具有开口气孔,开口气孔中含有填充物,轻质陶瓷基体的外表面覆盖有树脂层,填充物和树脂层均为防蟑功能材料。
按重量份计,防蟑功能材料原料组分包括:
其中:多孔氧化硅微球中负载有薄菏精油,薄菏精油的负载量为4份;多孔氧化硅微球的直径为3μm。
一种防蟑轻质陶瓷板制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将多孔氧化硅微球加入薄菏精油中,加热50℃,搅拌1小时,随后过滤,冷却至室温,得到负载薄菏精油的多孔氧化硅微球;
(2)取19重量份的甲基丙烯酸甲酯与0.05重量份的过氧化二酰,在55℃混合均匀,使偶氮二异丁腈充分溶解,然后放入反应釜中加热引发聚合反应,设置反应温度为85℃,当反应液体粘度达到1000mPa.s(25℃时)以后,停止加热,使反应液体自然冷却;将剩80.00重量份的甲基丙烯酸甲酯、剩余0.2重量份的过氧化二酰、对苯二甲酸二烯丙酯、步骤(1)制得的负载薄菏精油的多孔氧化硅微球加入到上述的反应釜中,继续搅拌均匀后,真空脱泡50分钟,得混合料浆;
(3)将步骤(2)制得的混合料浆按涂布量180g/m2均匀涂刷到轻质陶瓷基材表面,设置反应温度为70℃,加热反应4小时,然后提高反应温度到100℃,继续反应6小时,反应结束后冷却至室温,即得到本实施例的防蟑轻质陶瓷板。
实施例3
一种防蟑轻质陶瓷板,包括体积密度为1.0g/cm3的轻质陶瓷基体,轻质陶瓷基体的内表面具有开口气孔,开口气孔中含有填充物,轻质陶瓷基体的外表面覆盖有树脂层,填充物和树脂层均为防蟑功能材料。
按重量份计,防蟑功能材料原料组分包括:
其中:多孔氧化硅微球中负载有樟脑精油,樟脑精油的负载量为3份;多孔氧化硅微球的直径为5μm。
一种防蟑轻质陶瓷板制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将多孔氧化硅微球加入樟脑精油中,加热55℃,搅拌1小时,随后过滤,冷却至室温,得到负载樟脑精油的多孔氧化硅微球;
(2)取15重量份的甲基丙烯酸甲酯与0.03重量份的过硫酸钾,在40℃混合均匀,使偶氮二异丁腈充分溶解,然后放入反应釜中加热引发聚合反应,设置反应温度为90℃,当反应液体粘度达到900mPa.s(25℃时)以后,停止加热,使反应液体自然冷却;将剩余65重量份的甲基丙烯酸甲酯、剩余0.01重量份的过硫酸钾、对苯二甲酸二烯丙酯、步骤(1)制得的负载樟脑精油的多孔氧化硅微球加入到上述的反应釜中,继续搅拌均匀后,真空脱泡30分钟,得混合料浆;
(3)将步骤(2)制得的混合料浆按涂布量165g/m2均匀涂刷到轻质陶瓷基材表面,设置反应温度为55℃,加热反应3小时,然后提高反应温度到100℃,继续反应6小时,反应结束后冷却至室温,即得到本实施例的防蟑轻质陶瓷板。
实施例4
一种防蟑轻质陶瓷板,包括体积密度为0.8g/cm3的轻质陶瓷基体,轻质陶瓷基体的内表面具有开口气孔,开口气孔中含有填充物,轻质陶瓷基体的外表面覆盖有树脂层,填充物和树脂层均为防蟑功能材料。
按重量份计,防蟑功能材料原料组分包括:
其中:多孔氧化硅微球中负载有柠檬香茅精油,柠檬香茅精油的负载量为2份;多孔氧化硅微球的直径为3μm。
一种防蟑轻质陶瓷板制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将多孔氧化硅微球加入柠檬香茅精油中,加热60℃,搅拌0.8小时,随后过滤,冷却至室温,得到负载柠檬香茅精油的多孔氧化硅微球;
(2)取10重量份的甲基丙烯酸甲酯与0.02重量份的偶氮二异庚腈,在55℃混合均匀,使偶氮二异丁腈充分溶解,然后放入反应釜中加热引发聚合反应,设置反应温度为85℃,当反应液体粘度达到850mPa.s(25℃时)以后,停止加热,使反应液体自然冷却;将剩余70重量份的甲基丙烯酸甲酯、剩余0.08重量份的偶氮二异庚腈、异戊二烯、步骤(1)制得的负载柠檬香茅精油的多孔氧化硅微球加入到上述的反应釜中,继续搅拌均匀后,真空脱泡15分钟,得混合料浆;
(3)将步骤(2)制得的混合料浆按涂布量155g/m2均匀涂刷到轻质陶瓷基材表面,设置反应温度为65℃,加热反应6小时,然后提高反应温度到105℃,继续反应2.5小时,反应结束后冷却至室温,即得到本实施例的防蟑轻质陶瓷板。
实施例5
实施例5与实施例4的区别仅在于,实施例5的轻质陶瓷基体的体积密度为1.85g/cm3.对比例1
一种轻质陶瓷板,包括体积密度为0.8g/cm3的轻质陶瓷基体,轻质陶瓷基体的内表面具有开口气孔,开口气孔中含有填充物,轻质陶瓷基体的外表面覆盖有树脂层,填充物和树脂层均为防蟑功能材料。
按重量份计,防蟑功能材料原料组分包括:
其中:多孔氧化硅微球中负载有柠檬香茅精油,柠檬香茅精油的负载量为2份;多孔氧化硅微球的直径为3μm。
一种轻质陶瓷板制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将多孔氧化硅微球加入柠檬香茅精油中,加热60℃,搅拌0.8小时,随后过滤,冷却至室温,得到负载柠檬香茅精油的多孔氧化硅微球;
(2)取甲基丙烯酸甲酯、偶氮二异庚腈、交联剂异戊二烯、步骤(1)制得的负载柠檬香茅精油的多孔氧化硅微球加入到反应釜中在55℃混合均匀,使偶氮二异庚腈充分溶解,然后放入反应釜中加热引发聚合反应,设置反应温度为85℃,当反应液体粘度达到850mPa.s(25℃时)以后,停止加热,真空脱泡15min,使反应液体自然冷却,得混合料浆;
(3)将步骤(2)制得的混合料浆按涂布量155g/m2均匀涂刷到轻质陶瓷基材表面,设置反应温度为65℃,加热反应6小时,然后提高反应温度到105℃,继续反应2.5小时,反应结束后冷却至室温,即得到本对比例的轻质陶瓷板。
对比例2
一种轻质陶瓷板,包括体积密度为0.8g/cm3的轻质陶瓷基体,轻质陶瓷基体的内表面具有开口气孔,开口气孔中含有填充物,轻质陶瓷基体的外表面覆盖有树脂层,填充物和树脂层均为防蟑功能材料。
按重量份计,防蟑功能材料原料组分包括:
一种轻质陶瓷板制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)取10重量份的甲基丙烯酸甲酯与0.02重量份的偶氮二异庚腈,在55℃混合均匀,使偶氮二异丁腈充分溶解,然后放入反应釜中加热引发聚合反应,设置反应温度为85℃,当反应液体粘度达到850mPa.s(25℃时)以后,停止加热,使反应液体自然冷却;将剩余70重量份的甲基丙烯酸甲酯、剩余0.08重量份的偶氮二异庚腈、异戊二烯、柠檬香茅精油加入到上述的反应釜中,继续搅拌均匀后,真空脱泡15分钟,得混合料浆;
(2)将步骤(1)制得的混合料浆按涂布量155g/m2均匀涂刷到轻质陶瓷基材表面,设置反应温度为65℃,加热反应6小时,然后提高反应温度到105℃,继续反应2.5小时,反应结束后冷却至室温,即得到本对比例的轻质陶瓷板。
性能检测
1.表面强度
为测试实施例1-5和对比例1-2制得的轻质陶瓷板样品的表面强度,在距离样品表面30cm处释放一颗质量为100g的金属小球,初始速度为零,自然下落,撞击点距离样品边缘应大于10cm,每次测试点和测试点中心间隔应不小于8cm。每块样品测试10次,评估表面情况,用优秀、良好、一般、差进行评价。评价标准如下:
优秀:表面没有出现撞击裂痕或凹坑;
良好:表面出现轻微凹坑,没有出现撞击裂痕;
一般:表面出现明显凹坑或放射状撞击裂痕;
差,表面出现粉化、脱落、严重撞击裂痕等情况。
测试结果如表1所示。
表1:各实施例和对比例的表面强度测试对比表
序号 | 表面强度情况 |
实施例1 | 优秀 |
实施例2 | 优秀 |
实施例3 | 优秀 |
实施例4 | 优秀 |
实施例5 | 差 |
对比例1 | 一般 |
对比例2 | 良好 |
由表1可知,实施例1-4制得的轻质陶瓷板样品的表面强度评价结果均为优秀,而实施例5,由于其陶瓷基材的体积密度为1.85g/cm3,砖面的孔洞较小,聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯渗透到表面微孔中的量较少,表面受撞击造成涂层脱落。对比例1与实施例4的区别在于,对比例1采用了一次聚合反应,未进行预先聚合,制备的树脂层材料性能不稳定,在表面受撞击形成放射状撞击裂痕;对比例2与实施例4的区别在于,对比例2未采用多孔氧化硅微球做载体,直接用等量的柠檬香茅精油作为防蟑剂,由于没有氧化硅微球的填料作用,导致表面受撞击,出现轻微凹坑。
2.防蟑性能
以抑制蟑螂的活动来测试长效缓释防蟑轻质陶瓷砖的防蟑性能,测试实施例1-5和对比例1-2的抑制蟑螂效果。同时,为了测试长效缓释防蟑效果,所有的试样均在制备后放置6个月后再进行测试,测试箱体及测试方法如下:
试样准备:将实施例1-5和对比例1-2制得的样品切成10×10cm的样品块,在样品块中间位置放置10g研磨碎的蟑螂饲料。
对照样准备:将实施例1-5和对比例1-2所采用的轻质陶瓷基材切成10×10cm的对照样块,在对照样块中间位置放置10g研磨碎的蟑螂饲料。
测试箱体:自制150×150×150cm的正方体透明亚克力箱体,箱体顶部留有透气孔,且箱体的侧面开设有5×5cm的可开闭的窗口。
以试样和对应的对照样为一组,同时置于测试箱体中;不同的试样和对照样分别置于不同的测试箱体中进行测试;测试时,测试箱体中放置少量水,并对测试箱体设置遮蔽物;关闭窗口,设置环境温度为28℃,湿度为60%;每个测试箱体中放置20只成年德国小蠊,每次测试时间为3天,最后对剩余蟑螂饲料进行称重,并计算试样/对照样的比值,用以计量防蟑性能的强弱,比值越大,驱蟑效果越优秀。
测度结果如表2所示。
表2:各实施例和对比例的驱蟑效果对比表
由表2可知,实施例1-4制得的轻质陶瓷板样品在放置6个月后,其试样/对照样为5.6-7.5,说明具有良好的长效缓释驱蟑效果。而实施例5由于基材为致密结构,无法实现长效缓释效果,长时间放置后,驱蟑效果较实施例4有所下降;对比例1由于树脂层性能不稳定,长时间放置后,驱蟑效果也不及实施例4;对比例2由于不含氧化硅微球,防蟑剂释放速度加快,未能达到缓释效果,因此无法达到长效驱蟑效果。
对于本发明所属技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明构思的前提下还可以做出若干简单推演或替换,而不必经过创造性的劳动。因此,本领域技术人员根据本发明的揭示,对本发明做出的简单改进都应该在本发明的保护范围之内。上述实施例为本发明的优选实施例,凡与本发明类似的工艺及所作的等效变化,均应属于本发明的保护范畴。
Claims (10)
1.一种防蟑轻质陶瓷板,其特征在于,包括轻质陶瓷基体和树脂层,所述轻质陶瓷基体的内表面具有开口气孔,所述树脂层覆盖于所述轻质陶瓷基体的外表面;所述开口气孔中含有填充物,所述填充物和所述树脂层均为防蟑功能材料;所述防蟑功能材料原料组分,按重量份计包括:
甲基丙烯酸甲酯 75-99份;
交联剂 1-3份;
引发剂 0.03-0.25份;
多孔氧化硅微球 10-15份;
所述多孔氧化硅微球中负载有防蟑剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的防蟑轻质陶瓷板,其特征在于,所述多孔氧化硅微球的直径为3-6μm,所述多孔氧化硅微球中防蟑剂的负载量为2-4份。
3.根据权利要求1所述的防蟑轻质陶瓷板,其特征在于,所述轻质陶瓷基体的体积密度为0.3-1.4g/cm3。
4.根据权利要求1所述的防蟑轻质陶瓷板,其特征在于,所述防蟑剂选自柠檬精油、薄荷精油、樟脑精油、迷迭香精油、桉树精油、青蒿精油、猫薄荷精油、柠檬香茅精油中的至少一种。
5.根据权利要求1所述的防蟑轻质陶瓷板,其特征在于,所述交联剂选自二乙烯基苯、对苯二甲酸二烯丙酯,间苯二甲酸二烯丙酯,邻苯二甲酸二烯丙酯,异戊二烯中的至少一种。
6.根据权利要求1所述的防蟑轻质陶瓷板,其特征在于,所述引发剂选自偶氮二异丁腈、偶氮二异庚腈、过氧化二酰、过硫酸钾中的至少一种。
7.根据权利要求1所述的防蟑轻质陶瓷板,其特征在于,所述甲基丙烯酸甲酯的纯度不小于98%。
8.一种防蟑轻质陶瓷板的制备方法,其特征在于,所述制备方法用于制备权利要求1至7任意一项所述的防蟑轻质陶瓷板,包括以下步骤:
(1)将多孔氧化硅微球置于防蟑剂中,加热、过滤,得负载防蟑剂的多孔氧化硅微球;
(2)取部分甲基丙烯酸甲酯与部分引发剂混合,一次升温,使引发剂溶解;二次升温,引发聚合反应;冷却后,将剩余的甲基丙烯酸甲酯、剩余的引发剂、交联剂和步骤(1)制得的负载防蟑剂的多孔氧化硅微球混合,脱泡后,得混合料浆;
(3)将步骤(2)制得的混合料浆涂刷至轻质陶瓷基体的表面,进行热处理,得所述防蟑轻质陶瓷板。
9.根据权利要求8所述的防蟑轻质陶瓷板的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中,所述加热的温度为50-60℃,时间为0.5-1小时;步骤(2)中,一次升温至35-55℃,二次升温至85-95℃;步骤(3)中,所述热处理的工艺条件为:先加热至50-70℃,保温2-6小时;然后升温至100-120℃,再保温2-6小时。
10.根据权利要求8所述的防蟑轻质陶瓷板的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(3)中,所述混合浆料的涂刷量为150-180g/m2。
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