CN116333605A - 一种难燃胶合板及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种难燃胶合板及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 118
- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 113
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Classifications
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- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
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- B27D1/04—Joining wood veneer with any material; Forming articles thereby; Preparatory processing of surfaces to be joined, e.g. scoring to produce plywood or articles made therefrom; Plywood sheets
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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Abstract
本发明属于胶合板制备领域,具体涉及一种难燃胶合板及其制备方法,所述制备方法包括:使用无机胶粘剂对干燥后的木材单板进行施胶组坯,得到坯板,所述无机胶粘剂包括改性硅酸钠、阻燃金属氧化物以及水性聚氨酯;将坯板进行冷压处理后,对其进行养生、定厚砂光和贴面,得到胶合板基材;对胶合板基材先冷压后热压处理,得到难燃胶合板。本发明通过对无机胶粘剂的巧妙调配,极大地提高了木材单板之间的胶合强度,且制得的难燃胶合板的阻燃效果更好、防潮性更佳。此外,本发明通过进一步增加协同涂覆工艺,提高了难燃胶合板的整体阻燃效果,降低了产烟量。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于胶合板制备领域,具体涉及一种难燃胶合板及其制备方法。
背景技术
木材是一种结构复杂、组成成分多样的天然高分子材料,由木材制成的胶合板具有易加工、隔音、轻质、良好的视觉和触觉特性等优点,因此被广泛应用在装饰装修行业,为解决胶合板易燃性问题,近年来越来越多的阻燃技术应用在胶合板阻燃方面,目前对胶合板进行阻燃处理主要有以下三种方式:浸渍法,即将木材单板通过常压浸渍或加压浸渍的方法直接浸渍于一定浓度的阻燃剂中,再经干燥、施胶、组坯和压制等过程制备难燃胶合板,或直接浸渍胶合板;层压法,即将阻燃剂和其他助剂以共混的方式添加至木材单板的胶粘剂中,通过使用上述胶粘剂对木材单板进行施胶组坯,以减缓难燃胶合板火势的内部渗透及蔓延;表面处理法,即将一定浓度的阻燃剂通过涂刷或喷涂的方式对胶合板表面进行阻燃处理,或将具有阻燃性能的材料贴附于胶合板表面,从而获得表面阻燃效果。其中,层压法操作最为简便,可在常规施胶组坯过程中直接实现其阻燃性能,因而较为常见,但是由于阻燃剂会对胶粘剂理化性质和胶合性能产生负面影响,所以使用该方法存在胶合强度差、阻燃性差的缺陷。
发明内容
为解决上述技术问题,本发明提供了一种难燃胶合板及其制备方法,通过对无机胶粘剂的巧妙调配,极大地提高了木材单板之间的胶合强度,且制得的难燃胶合板的阻燃效果更好、防潮性更佳。
本发明通过以下技术方案实现:
首先,本发明提供了一种难燃胶合板的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1、使用无机胶粘剂对干燥后的木材单板进行施胶组坯,得到坯板,所述无机胶粘剂包括改性硅酸钠、阻燃金属氧化物以及水性聚氨酯;
S2、将坯板进行冷压处理后,对其进行养生、定厚砂光和贴面,得到胶合板基材;
S3、对胶合板基材先冷压后热压处理,得到难燃胶合板。
现有难燃胶合板层压法操作简便,其通过在胶粘剂中添加阻燃剂以实现难燃胶合板的阻燃性能,因而较为常见,但是由于阻燃剂会对胶粘剂理化性质和胶合性能产生负面影响,所以使用该方法存在胶合强度低、阻燃性能差的缺陷。
本发明首先针对胶粘剂进行了特异性调配,以经过改性的硅酸钠溶液为主体,复配阻燃金属氧化物以及水性聚氨酯,可以有效提高木材单板之间的胶合强度,且制得的难燃胶合板的阻燃效果更好、防潮性更佳。具体的,聚氨酯可以克服无机胶粘剂与木材单板界面结合差的缺陷,增强胶接界面的牢固性,保证木材单板之间的结合强度;改性硅酸钠溶液在起到阻燃效果的同时,可以有效避免难燃胶合板在实际使用过程中,因环境因素等影响导致其潮湿发霉、变形;阻燃金属氧化物则可以有效阻止热量的传递。
此外,现有的层压法往往采用含有脲醛树脂的胶粘剂,脲醛树脂由于其固化快、操作性好、生产成本低、原料丰富易得等优点被广泛作为木材粘合剂使用,据统计,在木材加工业,脲醛树脂类胶粘剂占胶粘剂总用量的90%左右,但是脲醛树脂在使用过程中会释放甲醛。
本发明使用无机胶粘剂代替木材单板胶粘使用的脲醛树脂,降低了难燃胶合板的甲醛释放量,制得的难燃胶合板更加安全、环保。
作为优选,步骤S1中干燥处理后的木材单板的含水率为10%~15%。
作为进一步优选,步骤S1中干燥处理后的木材单板的含水率为13%。
本发明通过上述技术方案,可以有效防止木材单板变形。
作为优选,步骤S1中金属氧化物包括氧化镁和氧化铝,所述无机胶粘剂还包括硅烷偶联剂。
本发明的无机胶粘剂中氧化镁和氧化铝可以阻止热量传递,从而达到阻燃的效果。
此外, 硅烷偶联剂可以进一步提高无机胶粘剂与木材单板界面的粘结强度及难燃胶合板的防潮性。
作为进一步优选,步骤S1中无机胶粘剂各组分及质量份为:改性硅酸钠80~100份、氧化镁1~3份、氧化铝1~2份、硅烷偶联剂0.3~0.6份、水性聚氨酯2~6份。
作为优选,步骤S1中施胶组坯的施胶量为280~350g/m2。
作为优选,步骤S2中冷压处理的条件为:冷压时间为24~36h,冷压压力为2.5~3.0Mpa。
作为优选,步骤S2中贴面使用的胶水为脲醛树脂或三聚氰胺甲醛树脂,贴面施胶量为110~120g/m2。
作为优选,步骤S3中冷压压力为0.8~1Mpa/m2,冷压时间为10min。
作为优选,步骤S3中热压时间为3~4min,热压压力为1.0Mpa,热压温度为110℃。
作为优选,步骤S3还包括以下步骤:
S3.1、将阻燃悬浮液喷涂到经热压处理后的胶合板基材表面后,经干燥,胶合板基材表面形成隔热层;
S3.2、将阻燃环氧树脂涂料涂抹在隔热层表面后,在隔热层表面形成膨胀层,经养生,得到难燃胶合板。
本发明通过改变难燃胶合板层压胶粘剂虽然可以减缓难燃胶合板火势的内部渗透及蔓延,进而达到阻燃的效果,但是其难以突破层压法自身存在的技术壁垒,即无机胶粘剂仅存在于木材单板之间,难燃胶合板的整体阻燃效果欠佳。
因此本技术方案从提高难燃胶合板整体阻燃效果出发,在层压法基础上进一步增加一种协同涂覆工艺,具体为,在经层压得到的难燃胶合板表面先喷涂阻燃悬浮液,形成隔热层,之后在隔热层表面辊涂阻燃环氧树脂涂料,形成膨胀层,当此种难燃胶合板在受火状态下,膨胀层经受热形成致密炭层以阻碍火焰向内传播,而后随着温度的升高,隔热层开始发挥隔热作用,延缓木材单板进入热解阶段释放大量的热能。
作为优选,所述阻燃悬浮液包括氢氧化镁、氢氧化铝和二氧化硅。
本发明阻燃悬浮液中的氢氧化铝和氢氧化镁在高温受热分解时吸收大量热,同时分解产生的水蒸气可以稀释周边的氧气浓度,以减小火势,降低燃烧时的烟密度,并且经分解生成的氧化镁和氧化铝可以包裹在木材单板表面以阻止热量传递,从而达到阻燃的效果。而阻燃悬浮液中的二氧化硅在受热后在表面形成一层无定型硅保护层,能在一定程度上隔绝空气。
作为进一步优选,所述阻燃悬浮液各组分及质量份为:氢氧化镁5~15份、氢氧化铝8~10份和二氧化硅3~8份。
作为优选,隔热层阻燃悬浮液载药量为木材单板质量的3%~7%。
作为进一步优选,隔热层阻燃悬浮液载药量为木材单板质量的5%。
作为优选,胶合板基材表面为胶合板基材的单侧表面或双侧表面。
作为优选,阻燃环氧树脂涂料包括聚磷酸铵、碳纳米管、三聚氰胺、二氧化钛、硼酸锌以及水性环氧树脂。
作为进一步优选,阻燃环氧树脂涂料各组分的质量份为:聚磷酸铵15~20份、碳纳米管6~10份、三聚氰胺4~7份、二氧化钛1~3份、硼酸锌4~5份以及水性环氧树脂80~100份。
本发明的阻燃环氧树脂涂料经高温受热分解可以产生不挥发的酸性产物,以催化木材单板的脱水和热降解反应,改变木材单板热解过程并使之向着生成更多木炭的方向变化,从而显著降低木材单板燃烧的热释放总量和速率。其中二氧化钛和硼酸锌作为增效剂,起到固定炭层结构的作用;聚磷酸铵、碳纳米管和三聚氰胺则作为膨胀组分,其中多孔碳纳米管是良好的成炭元素,可以增强炭层的厚度,增强阻燃性能;水性环氧涂料除了具有环保性能好、价格低廉、无味、易于储存和操作等优点外,还具有良好的兼容性,可以保证聚磷酸铵、碳纳米管等组分与环氧树脂的混溶效果。
其次,本发明还提供了一种根据上述任一项方法制得的难燃胶合板。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有以下有益效果:
(1)本发明通过对无机胶粘剂的巧妙调配,极大地提高了木材单板之间的胶合强度,且制得的难燃胶合板的阻燃效果更好、防潮性更佳;
(2)本发明采用无机胶粘剂代替木材单板胶粘用的脲醛树脂,降低了难燃胶合板的甲醛释放量,产品更加环保;
(3)本发明通过进一步增加协同涂覆工艺,提高了难燃胶合板的整体阻燃效果,降低了产烟量。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明做进一步描述。本领域普通技术人员在基于这些说明的情况下将能够实现本发明。此外,下述说明中涉及到的本发明的实施例通常仅是本发明一部分的实施例,而不是全部的实施例。因此,基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动的前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都应当属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1
本实施例中无机胶粘剂的各组分及质量份为:改性硅酸钠100份、氧化镁1.5份、氧化铝2份、硅烷偶联剂0.5份、水性聚氨酯溶液4份;无机胶粘剂制备方法为:先将氧化镁和氧化铝进行研磨过筛,之后将改性硅酸钠溶液放入到分散器中,开启分散器后依次加入上述组分,进行充分均匀混合后即可得到无机胶粘剂。
阻燃悬浮液的各组分及质量份为:氢氧化镁10份、氢氧化铝8份和二氧化硅3份;阻燃悬浮液的制备方法为:将上述组分添加到去离子水中充分混合均匀。
阻燃环氧树脂涂料的各组分及质量份为:聚磷酸铵15份、碳纳米管6份、三聚氰胺4份、二氧化钛2份、硼酸锌5份以及水性环氧树脂85份;阻燃环氧树脂涂料的制备方法为:将上述组分充分混合,为避免添加物的团聚现象,应分批加入,采用高速分散机进行分散,转速设定为900r/min。
本实施例的难燃胶合板的制备包括以下几个步骤:
S1、挑选优质木材,将木材单板干燥至含水率10%,并对其进行机械拼接,得到木材单板,其中木材为杨木旋切板,板面无孔洞、结疤等不良缺陷;
S2、使用无机胶粘剂对步骤S1制得的木材单板进行施胶组坯,施胶量为280g/m2,得到由两个木材单板粘结而成的坯板;
S3、将坯板放入冷压机中进行冷压,冷压时间24h,冷压单位压力2.5Mpa/m2,冷压处理结束后,对其进行养生、定厚砂光和贴面,贴面用胶为三聚氰胺改性脲醛胶,施胶量为115g/m2,得到胶合板基材;
S4、对胶合板基材先冷压后热压处理,本步骤中冷压条件为:冷压压力为1Mpa/m2,冷压时间为10min;热压处理条件为:热压时间为4min,热压压力为1.0Mpa,热压温度为110℃;
S5、将阻燃悬浮液喷涂到经热压处理后的胶合板基材的单侧表面后,将其放置在阴凉处沥干水分,之后放入烘房内进行烘干,胶合板基材表面形成隔热层,此外本实施例中隔热层阻燃悬浮液载药量为木材单板质量的5%;
S6、将阻燃环氧树脂涂料涂抹在隔热层表面后,在隔热层表面形成膨胀层,经养生15天,得到难燃胶合板,本实施例中涂布为350g/m2。
具体的,在本实施例制得的难燃胶合板处于受火状态下,首先,膨胀层在高温受热分解可以产生不挥发的酸性产物,通过催化木材的脱水和热降解反应,改变木材热解过程并使之向着生成更多木炭的方向变化,从而显著降低木材燃烧的热释放总量和速率;其次,隔热层中的氢氧化铝和氢氧化镁在高温受热分解时吸收大量热,同时分解产生的水蒸气可以稀释周边的氧气浓度,以减小火势,降低燃烧时的烟密度,并且经分解生成的氧化镁和氧化铝可以包裹在木材单板表面以阻止热量传递,从而达到阻燃的效果,而阻燃悬浮液中的二氧化硅在受热后在表面形成一层无定型硅保护层,能在一定程度上隔绝空气;再次,无机胶粘剂在难燃胶合板相对内部的位置,可以在受热后进一步减缓火势向内部蔓延,综上,本实施例通过层压法及催化成炭涂覆法可以实现对火势的层层阻燃功效,产品的阻燃效果更为全面。
实施例2
本实施例与实施例1仅存在以下区别,其余相同部分在此处不再进行重复赘述:
(1)阻燃悬浮液各组分及质量份为:氢氧化镁5份、氢氧化铝10份和二氧化硅8份;
(2)阻燃环氧树脂涂料各组分的质量份为:聚磷酸铵20份、碳纳米管10份、三聚氰胺7份、二氧化钛1份、硼酸锌4份以及水性环氧树脂80份;
(3)步骤S5中阻燃悬浮液喷涂在经热压处理后的胶合板基材的双侧表面,隔热层阻燃悬浮液载药量为木材单板质量的3%。
实施例3
本实施例与实施例1仅存在以下区别,其余相同部分在此处不再进行重复赘述:
(1)阻燃悬浮液各组分的质量份为:氢氧化镁15份、氢氧化铝10份和二氧化硅3份;
(2)阻燃环氧树脂涂料各组分的质量份为:聚磷酸铵20份、碳纳米管10份、三聚氰胺7份、二氧化钛3份、硼酸锌4份以及水性环氧树脂100份;
(3)步骤S5中隔热层阻燃悬浮液载药量为木材单板质量的7%。
实施例4
本实施例中无机胶粘剂的各组分及质量份为:改性硅酸钠80份、氧化镁1份、氧化铝1.5份、硅烷偶联剂0.3份、水性聚氨酯溶液6份;无机胶粘剂制备方法同实施例1;
本实施例的难燃胶合板的制备包括以下几个步骤:
S1、挑选优质木材,将木材单板干燥至含水率13%,并对其进行机械拼接,得到木材单板,其中木材为杨木旋切板,板面无孔洞、结疤等不良缺陷;
S2、使用无机胶粘剂对步骤S1制得的木材单板进行施胶组坯,所述木材单板的数量为3个,每层的施胶量为350g/m2,得到坯板;
S3、将坯板放入冷压机中进行冷压,冷压时间36h,冷压单位压力3.0Mpa/m2,冷压处理结束后,对其进行养生、定厚砂光和贴面,贴面用胶为三聚氰胺改性脲醛胶,施胶量为110g/m2,得到胶合板基材;
S4、对胶合板基材先冷压后热压处理,得到难燃胶合板,本步骤中冷压条件为:冷压压力为0.8Mpa/m2,冷压时间为10min;热压处理条件为:热压时间为3min,热压压力为1.0Mpa,热压温度为110℃。
具体的,在本实施例制得的难燃胶合板处于受火状态下,由阻燃金属氧化物、改性硅酸钠等构建的防火屏障可以有效组织火焰的蔓延,使得板材在火焰状态下保持阻止燃烧和蔓延的目的。需要指出的是,虽然本实施例制得的难燃胶合板在阻燃效果上较实施例1仍存在一定的差异,但是不可否认的是,通过更改无机胶粘剂之后的难燃胶合板相较于现有技术在胶粘强度、防潮防变形及阻燃效果上均有显著提升。
实施例5
本实施例与实施例4仅存在以下区别,其余相同部分在此处不再进行重复赘述:
(1)步骤S1中干燥处理后的木材单板的含水率为15%;
(2)步骤S1中无机胶粘剂各组分及质量份为:改性硅酸钠80份、氧化镁3份、氧化铝1份、硅烷偶联剂0.6份、水性聚氨酯2份;
(3)步骤S2中贴面使用的胶水为脲醛树脂,贴面施胶量为120g/m2。
Claims (10)
1.一种难燃胶合板的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
S1、使用无机胶粘剂对干燥后的木材单板进行施胶组坯,得到坯板,所述无机胶粘剂包括改性硅酸钠、阻燃金属氧化物以及水性聚氨酯;
S2、将坯板进行冷压处理后,对其进行养生、定厚砂光和贴面,得到胶合板基材;
S3、对胶合板基材先冷压后热压处理,得到难燃胶合板。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种难燃胶合板的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤S1中干燥后的木材单板的含水率为10%~15%。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种难燃胶合板的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤S1中阻燃金属氧化物包括氧化镁和氧化铝,所述无机胶粘剂还包括硅烷偶联剂。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种难燃胶合板的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤S2中冷压处理的条件为:冷压时间为24~36h,冷压压力为2.5~3.0Mpa。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种难燃胶合板的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤S3还包括以下步骤:
S3.1、将阻燃悬浮液喷涂到经热压处理后的胶合板基材表面后,经干燥,胶合板基材表面形成隔热层;
S3.2、将阻燃环氧树脂涂料涂抹在隔热层表面后,在隔热层表面形成膨胀层,经养生,得到难燃胶合板。
6.根据权利要求5所述的一种难燃胶合板的制备方法,其特征在于,所述阻燃悬浮液包括氢氧化镁、氢氧化铝和二氧化硅。
7.根据权利要求5所述的一种难燃胶合板的制备方法,其特征在于,隔热层阻燃悬浮液载药量为木材单板质量的3%~7%。
8.根据权利要求5所述的一种难燃胶合板的制备方法,其特征在于,所述胶合板基材表面为胶合板基材的单侧表面或双侧表面。
9.根据权利要求5所述的一种难燃胶合板的制备方法,其特征在于,阻燃环氧树脂涂料包括聚磷酸铵、碳纳米管、三聚氰胺、二氧化钛、硼酸锌以及水性环氧树脂。
10.根据权利要求1~9任一项所述的一种难燃胶合板的制备方法制得的难燃胶合板。
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