CN114474260B - 一种环保阻燃耐腐蚀胶合板及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种环保阻燃耐腐蚀胶合板及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN114474260B CN114474260B CN202210118732.5A CN202210118732A CN114474260B CN 114474260 B CN114474260 B CN 114474260B CN 202210118732 A CN202210118732 A CN 202210118732A CN 114474260 B CN114474260 B CN 114474260B
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- parts
- flame
- retardant
- environment
- veneer
- Prior art date
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- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 99
- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 96
- 239000011120 plywood Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
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- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
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- LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].OP(O)([O-])=O LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
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- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 7
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- VLCLHFYFMCKBRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N tricalcium;diborate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]B([O-])[O-].[O-]B([O-])[O-] VLCLHFYFMCKBRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
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- 229920005552 sodium lignosulfonate Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- YDEXUEFDPVHGHE-GGMCWBHBSA-L disodium;(2r)-3-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-[2-methoxy-4-(3-sulfonatopropyl)phenoxy]propane-1-sulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].COC1=CC=CC(C[C@H](CS([O-])(=O)=O)OC=2C(=CC(CCCS([O-])(=O)=O)=CC=2)OC)=C1O YDEXUEFDPVHGHE-GGMCWBHBSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
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- C09J123/00—Adhesives based on homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Adhesives based on derivatives of such polymers
- C09J123/02—Adhesives based on homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Adhesives based on derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种环保阻燃耐腐蚀胶合板及其制备方法,包括以下步骤:(1)单板预处理;(2)辐照处理;(3)真空加热浸渍;(4)二次干燥;(5)涂胶;(6)热压;(7)裁边砂光;即得所述环保阻燃耐腐蚀胶合板。本发明提供的环保阻燃耐腐蚀胶合板采用的胶黏剂环保无毒,具有较高的粘结性能、阻燃性能和防腐性能,且能够提高木材的机械性能,由于未加入甲醛,所以不会有甲醛释放量,同时加入的壳聚糖和纤维素纳米晶体属于绿色环保材料,对环境友好,生产成本低,经济效益好。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于胶合板生产技术领域,具体涉及一种环保阻燃耐腐蚀胶合板及其制备方法。
背景技术
胶合板是家具常用材料之一,为人造板三大板之一,亦可供飞机、船舶、火车、汽车、建筑和包装箱等作用材。一组单板通常按相邻层木纹方向互相垂直组坯胶合而成,通常其表板和内层板对称地配置在中心层或板芯的两侧。用涂胶后的单板按木纹方向纵横交错配成的板坯,在加热或不加热的条件下压制而成。层数一般为奇数,少数也有偶数。纵横方向的物理、机械性质差异较小。常用的胶合板类型有三合板、五合板等。胶合板能提高木材利用率,是节约木材的一个主要途径。
现有的阻燃胶合板主要存在以下问题:阻燃效果不佳,遇火燃烧时,木质单板层层剥落,碳化层龟裂,碳化速度快,通常为0.8-1.3mm/min;与同规格的普通胶合板相比,力学性能降低15%-45%;吸湿性增加,无法满足加工和使用要求;高温下,阻燃剂促使木材成分脱水碳化变为非活性炭,导致烟雾中一氧化碳的浓度增大,使火灾中烟雾的危害性增大。而且在生产过程中用于生产胶合板所使用的一些脲醛树脂胶黏剂剂等化学试剂,使得胶合板含有较大量的甲醛。甲醛对人体的鼻粘膜、视网膜、呼吸道及肝脏都有刺激作用,长期在15×10-3mg/L的高浓度甲醛含量的环境中工作和生活,会出现过敏、头晕、易疲劳、呕吐等甲醛中毒症状,严重者会致病,甚至致癌。
对于胶合板的生产,目前国内主要存在如下专利文献:如专利公开号:CN105969274B,公开了一种碳化胶合板专用胶水及碳化胶合板制备方法,所述碳化胶合板专用胶水是由如下重量份的原料制成:酚醛树脂50~150份、三聚氰胺1~10份、硅粉1~10份、硼酸0.05~1.5份、调胶剂4~20份,所述碳化胶合板制备方法通过碳化胶合板步骤、贴面胶合板步骤和阻燃防火步骤得到,该碳化胶合板可以防潮、防霉、防腐、结构稳定、无甲醛,冬暖夏凉、防虫蛀、耐水性好。然而,该专利所提供的制备方法,粘结强度不高,防腐阻燃性能不理想。
发明内容
针对现有技术的不足,本发明的目的在于提供一种环保阻燃耐腐蚀胶合板,采用的胶黏剂环保无毒,具有较高的粘结性能、阻燃性能和防腐性能,且能够提高木材的机械性能,固化时间短,反应温度低,没有甲醛的产生,对环境友好,生产成本低,经济效益好。
为实现上述目的,本发明提供如下技术方案:
一种环保阻燃耐腐蚀胶合板的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)单板预处理:将单板清洗干净,放入反应釜中,随后加入壳聚糖、甲酸和纤维素纳米晶体,在超声-微波条件下反应,反应完成后进行干燥,使单板的含水量降到10%,得到预处理单板;
(2)辐照处理:将步骤(1)中得到的预处理单板采用电子束辐照装置进行辐照,辐照条件为:电子能量为1-3MeV,辐照剂量为20-40kGy;
(3)真空加热浸渍:将步骤(2)中得到的单板放入真空加压罐中,首先抽真空,使真空加压罐内的真空度达到0.1-0.3MPa,关闭真空泵,同时导入已配置好的阻燃溶液,保持浸液1-3h,随后对单板进行加压处理,使真空加压罐内的相对压力达到2-4Mpa,接着对浸液槽加热,进行保温,保温完成后打开排液阀缓慢排出阻燃溶液,最后卸压,取出单板;
(4)二次干燥:将步骤(3)得到的单板进行干燥,使单板的含水率降到6-9%;
(5)涂胶:将步骤(4)干燥后单板上表面涂布阻燃胶黏剂,按照木纹方向纵横交错形成板坯,所述涂布方式为淋胶;
(6)热压:将步骤(5)得到的板坯以3-6MPa压力冷压20-40min,将冷压后的板坯于90-100℃预热20-30min,再以5-8MPa的压力进行下热压,待板坯之间的胶层固化成型后减压至2-4MPa,得热压板坯;
(7)裁边砂光:热压板坯在70-90℃下烘干至含水率7%,烘干后的板坯于室温下放置3d,在后旋转切割或平面切片剪切,锯边、表面修整、砂光、打磨,即得所述环保阻燃耐腐蚀胶合板。
优选的,所述步骤(1)中壳聚糖:甲酸:纤维素纳米晶体的质量比为20-40:100-300:10-20;反应温度为80-100℃,反应时间为4-8h。
优选的,所述步骤(3)中保温温度为70-90℃,保温时间为5-10h。
优选的,所述步骤(3)中阻燃溶液制备方法包括以下步骤:将20-45份磷酸二甲苯酯加入容器内搅拌加热至65℃,接着加入5-15份纳米二氧化硅、15-30份多聚磷酸钠,继续搅拌加热至70℃,再次加入5-15份硼砂和200-400份水,继续搅拌升温到90℃,保温0.5h后,得到阻燃溶液。
优选的,步骤(5)中所述板坏层数为3-5层,涂胶量为220-250g/m2。
优选的,所述步骤(5)中所述阻燃胶黏剂的制备方法如下:
将3-5份氢氧化铝、3-5份磷酸二氢铵、3-5份硼酸钙、0.5-3份十二烷基磺酸钠、5-10份羟甲基纤维素、15-25份甲基丙烯酸甲酯、8-12份丙烯酸羟乙酯加入反应釜加热至80-100℃,高速搅拌1-2h;随后再加入5-10份改性膨润土和40-60份EVA乳液,搅拌10-20min,冷却至常温,即得所述阻燃胶黏剂。
优选的,所述改性膨润土的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
将膨润土加入质量比为1:1的碳酸钾与高锰酸钾水溶液中浸泡2-3h,过滤干燥后,加入硅烷偶联剂、木质素磺酸钠、柠檬酸三丁酯,进行搅拌反应,反应完成后过滤、干燥、研磨,即得改性膨润土。
优选的,所述膨润土:硅烷偶联剂:木质素磺酸钠、柠檬酸三丁酯的质量比为100:0.5-1:2-5:3-8;所述高锰酸钾水溶液的质量浓度为2%;所述反应温度为60-80℃,反应时间为0.5-1h。
优选的,所述步骤(6)中热压温度为130-160℃,热压时间为1-2h。
本发明还保护一种由上述方法制备得到的环保阻燃耐腐蚀胶合板。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有如下的有益效果:
(1)本发明提供的环保阻燃耐腐蚀胶合板,通过对单板进行预处理,将壳聚糖和纤维素纳米晶体负载于单板表面,提高其抗菌耐腐蚀性能,随后再经过电子束辐照处理,首先辐照射线可杀木材中的细菌,破坏其营养成份,能有效阻止木材发霉腐烂;电子束照射后,木材细胞壁中的纤维素、半纤维素等所含大量自由羟基减少,减少吸附外界的水分子,降低了木板的吸湿性能,进一步加强了木材的耐腐蚀性能。同时,通过用阻燃溶液对单板进行真空浸渍处理,经浸渍工艺,阻燃剂渗透到木材的细胞腔、细胞壁以及细胞间隙中,获得阻燃单板,从而提高板材的阻燃性。
(2)本发明提供的环保阻燃耐腐蚀胶合板,阻燃溶液中包含了纳米二氧化硅、多聚磷酸纳、硼砂、磷酸二甲苯酯,其中磷酸二甲苯酯在燃烧时有PO·形成,它可以与火焰区域中的氢原子结合,起到抑制火焰的作用。硼砂具有优良的阻燃、低毒和抑烟特性,硼砂在火焰温度下可熔融,并覆盖在材料表面,割断氧气的供给,从而阻止了木材的着火与火焰传播;硼砂本身不仅是一种阻燃剂而且它还能改善阻燃人造板的耐水,耐热,防腐性等问题。
(3)本发明提供的环保阻燃耐腐蚀胶合板,通过对膨胀蛭石进行改性,提高胶黏剂组分的分散均匀性,明显改善胶黏剂的粘接强度,而且明显提高胶黏剂的贮存稳定性;同时加入的氢氧化铝、磷酸二氢铵份、硼酸钙也具有较好的阻燃性能,可提高胶黏剂的阻燃性,阻燃胶黏剂具有阻燃性能和乳液综合性能优良、无毒、对环境友好等特点。
(4)本发明提供的环保阻燃耐腐蚀胶合板采用的胶黏剂环保无毒,具有较高的粘结性能、阻燃性能和防腐性能,且能够提高木材的机械性能,由于未加入甲醛,所以不会有甲醛释放量,同时加入的壳聚糖和纤维素纳米晶体属于绿色环保材料,对环境友好,生产成本低,经济效益好。
具体实施方式
下面将结合实施例对本发明的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
以下实施例1-3和对比例1-2的单板厚度为1.5mm。
实施例1
一种环保阻燃耐腐蚀胶合板的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)单板预处理:将单板清洗干净,放入反应釜中,随后加入20份壳聚糖、100份甲酸和10份纤维素纳米晶体,在超声-微波条件下反应,反应温度为80℃,反应时间为8h,反应完成后进行干燥,使单板的含水量降到10%,得到预处理单板;
(2)辐照处理:将步骤(1)中得到的预处理单板采用电子束辐照装置进行辐照,辐照条件为:电子能量为1MeV,辐照剂量为20kGy;
(3)真空加热浸渍:将步骤(2)中得到的单板放入真空加压罐中,首先抽真空,使真空加压罐内的真空度达到0.1MPa,关闭真空泵,同时导入已配置好的阻燃溶液,保持浸液1h,随后对单板进行加压处理,使真空加压罐内的相对压力达到2Mpa,接着对浸液槽加热,在70℃下保温10h,保温完成后打开排液阀缓慢排出阻燃溶液,最后卸压,取出单板;
(4)二次干燥:将步骤(3)得到的单板进行干燥,使单板的含水率降到9%;
(5)涂胶:将步骤(4)干燥后单板上表面涂布阻燃胶黏剂,按照木纹方向纵横交错形成板坯,板坏层数为5层,涂胶量为240g/m2,所述涂布方式为淋胶;
(6)热压:将步骤(5)得到的板坯以3MPa压力冷压40min,将冷压后的板坯于90℃预热30min,再以5MPa的压力在160℃下热压1h,待板坯之间的胶层固化成型后减压至2MPa,得热压板坯;
(7)裁边砂光:热压板坯在70℃下烘干至含水率7%,烘干后的板坯于室温下放置3d,在后旋转切割或平面切片剪切,锯边、表面修整、砂光、打磨,即得所述环保阻燃耐腐蚀胶合板。
其中,步骤(3)中所述阻燃溶液制备方法包括以下步骤:将20份磷酸二甲苯酯加入容器内搅拌加热至65℃,接着加入5份纳米二氧化硅、15份多聚磷酸钠,继续搅拌加热至70℃,再次加入5份硼砂和200份水,继续搅拌升温到90℃,保温0.5h后,得到阻燃溶液。
步骤(5)中所述阻燃胶黏剂的制备方法如下:将3份氢氧化铝、3份磷酸二氢铵、3份硼酸钙、1份十二烷基磺酸钠、5份羟甲基纤维素、15份甲基丙烯酸甲酯、8份丙烯酸羟乙酯加入反应釜加热至80℃,高速搅拌2h;随后再加入5份改性膨润土和40份EVA乳液(牌号为BJ-705),搅拌10min,冷却至常温,即得所述阻燃胶黏剂。
所述改性膨润土的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
将100份膨润土加入质量比为1:1的碳酸钾与高锰酸钾水溶液中浸泡2h,过滤干燥后,加入0.5份硅烷偶联剂、2份木质素磺酸钠、3份柠檬酸三丁酯,在60℃下搅拌反应1h,反应完成后过滤、干燥、研磨,即得改性膨润土。
实施例2
一种环保阻燃耐腐蚀胶合板的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)单板预处理:将单板清洗干净,放入反应釜中,随后加入30份壳聚糖、200份甲酸和15份纤维素纳米晶体,在超声-微波条件下反应,反应温度为90℃,反应时间为6h,反应完成后进行干燥,使单板的含水量降到10%,得到预处理单板;
(2)辐照处理:将步骤(1)中得到的预处理单板采用电子束辐照装置进行辐照,辐照条件为:电子能量为2MeV,辐照剂量为30kGy;
(3)真空加热浸渍:将步骤(2)中得到的单板放入真空加压罐中,首先抽真空,使真空加压罐内的真空度达到0.2MPa,关闭真空泵,同时导入已配置好的阻燃溶液,保持浸液2h,随后对单板进行加压处理,使真空加压罐内的相对压力达到3Mpa,接着对浸液槽加热,在80℃下保温8h,保温完成后打开排液阀缓慢排出阻燃溶液,最后卸压,取出单板;
(4)二次干燥:将步骤(3)得到的单板进行干燥,使单板的含水率降到7%;
(5)涂胶:将步骤(4)干燥后单板上表面涂布阻燃胶黏剂,按照木纹方向纵横交错形成板坯,板坏层数为5层,涂胶量为240g/m2,所述涂布方式为淋胶;
(6)热压:将步骤(5)得到的板坯以4MPa压力冷压30min,将冷压后的板坯于95℃预热25min,再以7MPa的压力在140℃下热压1.5h,待板坯之间的胶层固化成型后减压至3MPa,得热压板坯;
(7)裁边砂光:热压板坯在80℃下烘干至含水率7%,烘干后的板坯于室温下放置3d,在后旋转切割或平面切片剪切,锯边、表面修整、砂光、打磨,即得所述环保阻燃耐腐蚀胶合板。
其中,步骤(3)中所述阻燃溶液制备方法包括以下步骤:将35份磷酸二甲苯酯加入容器内搅拌加热至65℃,接着加入10份纳米二氧化硅、25份多聚磷酸钠,继续搅拌加热至70℃,再次加入10份硼砂和300份水,继续搅拌升温到90℃,保温0.5h后,得到阻燃溶液。
步骤(5)中所述阻燃胶黏剂的制备方法如下:将4份氢氧化铝、4份磷酸二氢铵、4份硼酸钙、2份十二烷基磺酸钠、8份羟甲基纤维素、20份甲基丙烯酸甲酯、10份丙烯酸羟乙酯加入反应釜加热至90℃,高速搅拌1.5h;随后再加入8份改性膨润土和50份EVA乳液(牌号为BJ-705),搅拌15min,冷却至常温,即得所述阻燃胶黏剂。
所述改性膨润土的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
将100份膨润土加入质量比为1:1的碳酸钾与高锰酸钾水溶液中浸泡2.5h,过滤干燥后,加入0.8份硅烷偶联剂、4份木质素磺酸钠、5份柠檬酸三丁酯,在70℃下搅拌反应1h,反应完成后过滤、干燥、研磨,即得改性膨润土。
实施例3
一种环保阻燃耐腐蚀胶合板的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)单板预处理:将单板清洗干净,放入反应釜中,随后加入40份壳聚糖、300份甲酸和20份纤维素纳米晶体,在超声-微波条件下反应,反应温度为100℃,反应时间为4h,反应完成后进行干燥,使单板的含水量降到10%,得到预处理单板;
(2)辐照处理:将步骤(1)中得到的预处理单板采用电子束辐照装置进行辐照,辐照条件为:电子能量为3MeV,辐照剂量为40kGy;
(3)真空加热浸渍:将步骤(2)中得到的单板放入真空加压罐中,首先抽真空,使真空加压罐内的真空度达到0.3MPa,关闭真空泵,同时导入已配置好的阻燃溶液,保持浸液3h,随后对单板进行加压处理,使真空加压罐内的相对压力达到4Mpa,接着对浸液槽加热,在90℃下保温5h,保温完成后打开排液阀缓慢排出阻燃溶液,最后卸压,取出单板;
(4)二次干燥:将步骤(3)得到的单板进行干燥,使单板的含水率降到6%;
(5)涂胶:将步骤(4)干燥后单板上表面涂布阻燃胶黏剂,按照木纹方向纵横交错形成板坯,板坏层数为5层,涂胶量为240g/m2,所述涂布方式为淋胶;
(6)热压:将步骤(5)得到的板坯以6MPa压力冷压20min,将冷压后的板坯于100℃预热20min,再以8MPa的压力在130℃下热压2h,待板坯之间的胶层固化成型后减压至4MPa,得热压板坯;
(7)裁边砂光:热压板坯在90℃下烘干至含水率7%,烘干后的板坯于室温下放置3d,在后旋转切割或平面切片剪切,锯边、表面修整、砂光、打磨,即得所述环保阻燃耐腐蚀胶合板。
其中,步骤(3)中所述阻燃溶液制备方法包括以下步骤:将45份磷酸二甲苯酯加入容器内搅拌加热至65℃,接着加入15份纳米二氧化硅、30份多聚磷酸钠,继续搅拌加热至70℃,再次加入15份硼砂和400份水,继续搅拌升温到90℃,保温0.5h后,得到阻燃溶液。
步骤(5)中所述阻燃胶黏剂的制备方法如下:将5份氢氧化铝、5份磷酸二氢铵、5份硼酸钙、3份十二烷基磺酸钠、10份羟甲基纤维素、25份甲基丙烯酸甲酯、12份丙烯酸羟乙酯加入反应釜加热至100℃,高速搅拌1h;随后再加入10份改性膨润土和60份EVA乳液(牌号为BJ-705),搅拌20min,冷却至常温,即得所述阻燃胶黏剂。
所述改性膨润土的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
将100份膨润土加入质量比为1:1的碳酸钾与高锰酸钾水溶液中浸泡3h,过滤干燥后,加入1份硅烷偶联剂、5份木质素磺酸钠、8份柠檬酸三丁酯,在80℃下搅拌反应0.5h,反应完成后过滤、干燥、研磨,即得改性膨润土。
对比例1
一种环保阻燃耐腐蚀胶合板的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)单板预处理:将单板清洗干净干燥,使单板的含水量降到10%,得到预处理单板;
(2)真空加热浸渍:将步骤(1)中得到的预处理单板放入真空加压罐中,首先抽真空,使真空加压罐内的真空度达到0.1MPa,关闭真空泵,同时导入已配置好的阻燃溶液,保持浸液1h,随后对单板进行加压处理,使真空加压罐内的相对压力达到2Mpa,接着对浸液槽加热,在70℃下保温10h,保温完成后打开排液阀缓慢排出阻燃溶液,最后卸压,取出单板;
(3)二次干燥:将步骤(2)得到的单板进行干燥,使单板的含水率降到9%;
(4)涂胶:将步骤(3)干燥后单板上表面涂布阻燃胶黏剂,按照木纹方向纵横交错形成板坯,板坏层数为5层,涂胶量为240g/m2,所述涂布方式为淋胶;
(5)热压:将步骤(4)得到的板坯以3MPa压力冷压40min,将冷压后的板坯于90℃预热30min,再以5MPa的压力在160℃下热压1h,待板坯之间的胶层固化成型后减压至2MPa,得热压板坯;
(6)裁边砂光:热压板坯在70℃下烘干至含水率7%,烘干后的板坯于室温下放置3d,在后旋转切割或平面切片剪切,锯边、表面修整、砂光、打磨,即得所述环保阻燃耐腐蚀胶合板。
其中,步骤(2)中所述阻燃溶液制备方法包括以下步骤:将20份磷酸二甲苯酯加入容器内搅拌加热至65℃,接着加入5份纳米二氧化硅、15份多聚磷酸钠,继续搅拌加热至70℃,再次加入5份硼砂和200份水,继续搅拌升温到90℃,保温0.5h后,得到阻燃溶液。
步骤(4)中所述阻燃胶黏剂的制备方法如下:将3份氢氧化铝、3份磷酸二氢铵、3份硼酸钙、1份十二烷基磺酸钠、5份羟甲基纤维素、15份甲基丙烯酸甲酯、8份丙烯酸羟乙酯加入反应釜加热至80℃,高速搅拌2h;随后再加入5份改性膨润土和40份EVA乳液(牌号为BJ-705),搅拌10min,冷却至常温,即得所述阻燃胶黏剂。
所述改性膨润土的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
将100份膨润土加入质量比为1:1的碳酸钾与高锰酸钾水溶液中浸泡2h,过滤干燥后,加入0.5份硅烷偶联剂、2份木质素磺酸钠、3份柠檬酸三丁酯,在60℃下搅拌反应1h,反应完成后过滤、干燥、研磨,即得改性膨润土。
对比例2
一种环保阻燃耐腐蚀胶合板的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)单板预处理:将单板清洗干净,放入反应釜中,随后加入20份壳聚糖、100份甲酸和10份纤维素纳米晶体,在超声-微波条件下反应,反应温度为80℃,反应时间为8h,反应完成后进行干燥,使单板的含水量降到10%,得到预处理单板;
(2)辐照处理:将步骤(1)中得到的预处理单板采用电子束辐照装置进行辐照,辐照条件为:电子能量为1MeV,辐照剂量为20kGy;
(3)涂胶:将步骤(2)得到的单板上表面涂布胶黏剂,按照木纹方向纵横交错形成板坯,板坏层数为5层,涂胶量为240g/m2,所述涂布方式为淋胶;
(4)热压:将步骤(3)得到的板坯以3MPa压力冷压40min,将冷压后的板坯于90℃预热30min,再以5MPa的压力在160℃下热压1h,待板坯之间的胶层固化成型后减压至2MPa,得热压板坯;
(5)裁边砂光:热压板坯在70℃下烘干至含水率7%,烘干后的板坯于室温下放置3d,在后旋转切割或平面切片剪切,锯边、表面修整、砂光、打磨,即得所述环保阻燃耐腐蚀胶合板。
步骤(3)中所述胶黏剂的制备方法如下:将1份十二烷基磺酸钠、5份羟甲基纤维素、15份甲基丙烯酸甲酯、8份丙烯酸羟乙酯加入反应釜加热至80℃,高速搅拌2h;随后再加入40份EVA乳液(牌号为BJ-705),搅拌10min,冷却至常温,即得所述胶黏剂。
将实施例1-3和对比例1-2制得的阻燃防腐胶合板进行性能测试,测试结果如下表1:
其中,极限氧指数按标准GB/T2406.2-2009进行测试;抗弯强度按GB/T 1936.1-2009进行测试;根据国家标准GB/T 9846-2004“胶合板”中的要求,制作10个试件,按国家标准
GB/T 17657-1999中4.15Ⅱ类胶合板检测方法检测胶合板的胶合强度;并将试件放入63℃的热水中浸渍3h,取出后在室温下冷却10min,在试验机上检测其湿胶合强度,拉伸速度10mm/min;
表1胶合板性能测试结果
抗弯强度MPa | 极限氧指数% | 湿胶合强度MPa | |
实施例1 | 120 | 37.7 | 1.41 |
实施例2 | 124 | 38.2 | 1.59 |
实施例3 | 118 | 37.3 | 1.44 |
对比例1 | 112 | 34.8 | 1.27 |
对比例2 | 104 | 29.2 | 1.21 |
从表1中可以看出,本发明提供的环保阻燃耐腐蚀胶合板,最大极限氧指数可达38.5,与对比例2中未加入阻燃剂的胶黏剂和未在阻燃液中浸泡的胶合板相比,具有良好的阻燃效果,且本发明的阻燃防腐胶合板在加入阻燃剂后,其抗弯强度和湿胶合强度并未降低,具有良好的实用性。
按国家标准GB/T 13942.1-2009对胶合板的耐腐性进行测试,计算每块试样腐朽后质量损失率,以百分比数表示,
式中,W1——试样试验前的全干质量;W2——试样试验后的全干质量。
测试结果如下表2:
表2胶合板耐腐蚀性能测试结果
从表2中可以看出,本发明提供的环保阻燃耐腐蚀胶合板,防腐性能达到I级强耐腐等级,与对比例1中未进行预处理及辐照处理的胶合板相比,具有良好的耐腐蚀性能。
尽管已经示出和描述了本发明的实施例,对于本领域的普通技术人员而言,可以理解在不脱离本发明的原理和精神的情况下可以对这些实施例进行多种变化、修改、替换和变型,本发明的范围由所附权利要求及其等同物限定。
Claims (9)
1.一种环保阻燃耐腐蚀胶合板的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)单板预处理:将单板清洗干净,放入反应釜中,随后加入壳聚糖、甲酸和纤维素纳米晶体,在超声-微波条件下反应,反应完成后进行干燥,使单板的含水量降到10%,得到预处理单板;
(2)辐照处理:将步骤(1)中得到的预处理单板采用电子束辐照装置进行辐照,辐照条件为:电子能量为1-3MeV,辐照剂量为20-40kGy;
(3)真空加热浸渍:将步骤(2)中得到的单板放入真空加压罐中,首先抽真空,使真空加压罐内的真空度达到0.1-0.3MPa,关闭真空泵,同时导入已配置好的阻燃溶液,保持浸液1-3h,随后对单板进行加压处理,使真空加压罐内的相对压力达到2-4Mpa,接着对浸液槽加热,进行保温,保温完成后打开排液阀缓慢排出阻燃溶液,最后卸压,取出单板;
(4)二次干燥:将步骤(3)得到的单板进行干燥,使单板的含水率降到6-9%;
(5)涂胶:将步骤(4)干燥后单板上表面涂布阻燃胶黏剂,按照木纹方向纵横交错形成板坯,所述涂布方式为淋胶;
(6)热压:将步骤(5)得到的板坯以3-6MPa压力冷压20-40min,将冷压后的板坯于90100℃预热20-30min,再以5-8MPa的压力进行下热压,待板坯之间的胶层固化成型后减压至2-4MPa,得热压板坯;
(7)裁边砂光:热压板坯在70 90℃下烘干至含水率7%,烘干后的板坯于室温下放置3d,在后旋转切割或平面切片剪切,锯边、表面修整、砂光、打磨,即得所述环保阻燃耐腐蚀胶合板;
其中,所述步骤(3)中阻燃溶液制备方法包括以下步骤:将20-45份磷酸二甲苯酯加入容器内搅拌加热至65℃,接着加入5-15份纳米二氧化硅、15-30份多聚磷酸钠,继续搅拌加热至70℃,再次加入5-15份硼砂和200-400份水,继续搅拌升温到90℃,保温0.5h后,得到阻燃溶液。
2.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(1)中壳聚糖:甲酸:纤维素纳米晶体的质量比为20-40:100-300:10-20;反应温度为80-100℃,反应时间为4-8h。
3.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(3)中保温温度为70-90℃,保温时间为5-10h。
4.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(5)中所述板坏层数为3-5层,涂胶量为220 250g/m2。
5.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(5)中所述阻燃胶黏剂的制备方法如下:
将3-5份氢氧化铝、3-5份磷酸二氢铵、3-5份硼酸钙、0.5-3份十二烷基磺酸钠、5-10份羟甲基纤维素、15-25份甲基丙烯酸甲酯、8-12份丙烯酸羟乙酯加入反应釜加热至80-100℃,高速搅拌1-2h;随后再加入5-10份改性膨润土和40-60份EVA乳液,搅拌10-20min,冷却至常温,即得所述阻燃胶黏剂。
6.根据权利要求5所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述改性膨润土的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
将膨润土加入质量比为1:1的碳酸钾与高锰酸钾水溶液中浸泡2-3h,过滤干燥后,加入硅烷偶联剂、木质素磺酸钠、柠檬酸三丁酯,进行搅拌反应,反应完成后过滤、干燥、研磨,即得改性膨润土。
7.根据权利要求6所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述膨润土:硅烷偶联剂:木质素磺酸钠、柠檬酸三丁酯的质量比为100:0.5-1:2-5:3-8;所述高锰酸钾水溶液的质量浓度为2%;所述反应温度为60-80℃,反应时间为0.5-1h。
8.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(6)中热压温度为130-160℃,热压时间为1-2h。
9.一种利用权利要求1-8任一项所述方法制备得到的环保阻燃耐腐蚀胶合板。
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