CN116322771A - 结核杆菌提取物的新型用途 - Google Patents
结核杆菌提取物的新型用途 Download PDFInfo
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- CN116322771A CN116322771A CN202180069203.4A CN202180069203A CN116322771A CN 116322771 A CN116322771 A CN 116322771A CN 202180069203 A CN202180069203 A CN 202180069203A CN 116322771 A CN116322771 A CN 116322771A
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Abstract
本发明提供一种利用结核杆菌提取物的、新型模式的用于对癌症或肿瘤进行治疗、预防或复发预防的组成物、组合物及医疗器械。本发明提供一种组成物、组合物及医疗器械,其是利用结核杆菌提取物的、新型模式的用于对癌症或肿瘤进行治疗、预防或复发预防的组成物、组合物及医疗器械,其中包含免疫检查点抑制剂及树突状细胞直接活化剂或机构。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种结核杆菌提取物的新型用途。更特定而言,涉及结核杆菌提取物与抗癌剂的并用、或者抗癌剂的作用增强用途。
目前,作为一般所进行的癌症治疗,已知有外科疗法(利用手术摘除癌组织)、化学疗法(施用包含分子靶向药的抗癌剂)、放射线疗法(对癌组织照射放射线)、免疫疗法(患者的免疫功能亢进)及它们的组合。
发明内容
用于解决课题的技术手段
本发明涉及一种结核杆菌提取物的新型用途。更特定而言,涉及结核杆菌提取物与抗癌剂的并用、或者抗癌剂的作用增强用途。本发明提供一种组成物、组合物及医疗器械,其是利用结核杆菌提取物的、新型模式的用于对癌症或肿瘤进行治疗、预防或复发预防的组成物、组合物及医疗器械,其中包含免疫检查点抑制剂及树突状细胞直接活化剂或机构。
因此,本发明例示性地提供以下的方案。
[项目1]
一种用于激活CXCL10产生的组成物,其中,包含免疫佐剂。
[项目2]
根据上述项目中任一项所述的组成物,其中,上述激活CXCL10产生是在包含来源于骨髓的细胞的细胞中进行的。
[项目3]
根据上述项目中任一项所述的组成物,其中,上述激活CXCL10产生是在抗原呈递细胞中进行的。
[项目4]
一种用于处置显示出CXCL10阳性的癌或肿瘤的组成物,其中,包含免疫佐剂。
[项目5]
一种用于促进CXCR3阳性细胞向癌或肿瘤浸润的组成物,其中,包含免疫佐剂。
[项目6]
一种用于促进CD8阳性T细胞向癌或肿瘤内浸润的组成物,其中,包含免疫佐剂。
[项目7]
一种药物组成物,其中,包含免疫佐剂,其特征在于,所述药物组成物与抗癌剂或者其他治疗癌症或肿瘤的技术一起使用。
[项目8]
一种组合药物,其为抗癌剂或者其他治疗癌症或肿瘤的技术与免疫佐剂的组合药物。
[项目9]
根据上述项目中任一项所述的药物组成物或组合药物,其用于治疗经现有治疗无效的患者。
[项目10]
根据上述项目中任一项所述的药物组成物或组合药物,其包含免疫佐剂,用于治疗或预防没有其他治疗选择的肿瘤突变负荷高(Tumor Mutational Burdenhigh)及CD8+T细胞低的无法手术或转移的实体癌。
[项目11]
根据上述项目中任一项所述的组成物、药物组成物或组合药物,其中,上述免疫佐剂包含结核杆菌提取物或其一部分。
[项目12]
根据上述项目中任一项所述的组成物、药物组成物或组合药物,其中,上述免疫佐剂包含人型结核杆菌热水提取物。
[项目A1]
一种用于在受试体中激活CXCL10产生的方法,其中,包括对该受试体施用有效量的免疫佐剂的工序。
[项目A2]
根据上述项目中任一项所述的方法,其中,上述激活CXCL10产生是在包含来源于骨髓的细胞的细胞中进行的。
[项目A3]
根据上述项目中任一项所述的方法,其中,上述激活CXCL10产生是在抗原呈递细胞中进行的。
[项目A4]
一种用于在受试体中处置显示出CXCL10阳性的癌或肿瘤的方法,其中,包括对该受试体施用有效量的免疫佐剂的工序。
[项目A5]
一种用于在受试体中促进CXCR3阳性细胞向癌或肿瘤浸润的方法,其中,包括对该受试体施用有效量的免疫佐剂的工序。
[项目A6]
一种用于在受试体中促进CD8阳性T细胞向癌或肿瘤内浸润的方法,其中,包括对该受试体施用有效量的免疫佐剂的工序。
[项目A7]
一种用于预防或治疗受试体中的癌症或肿瘤的方法,该方法为对该受试体施用有效量的免疫佐剂的工序,该免疫佐剂的施用是与有效量的抗癌剂或其他治疗癌症或肿瘤的技术组合来实施。
[项目A8]
一种用于预防或治疗受试体中的癌症或肿瘤的方法,包括如下工序:将有效量的免疫佐剂与有效量的抗癌剂或其他治疗癌症或肿瘤的技术进行组合。
[项目A9]
根据上述项目中任一项所述的方法,其中,上述受试体为经现有治疗无效的受试者。
[项目A10]
根据上述项目中任一项所述的方法,其中,上述受试体患有没有其他治疗选择的、肿瘤突变负荷高(Tumor Mutational Burdenhigh)及CD8+T细胞低的无法手术或转移的实体癌。
[项目A11]
根据上述项目中任一项所述的方法,其中,上述免疫佐剂包含结核杆菌提取物或其一部分。
[项目A12]
根据上述项目中任一项所述的方法,其中,上述免疫佐剂包含人型结核杆菌热水提取物。
[项目B1]
免疫佐剂在制造用于激活CXCL10产生的药物中的用途。
[项目B2]
根据上述项目中任一项所述的用途,其中,上述激活CXCL10产生是在包含来源于骨髓的细胞的细胞中进行的。
[项目B3]
根据上述项目中任一项所述的用途,其中,上述激活CXCL10产生是在抗原呈递细胞中进行的。
[项目B4]
免疫佐剂在制造用于处置显示出CXCL10阳性的癌症或肿瘤的药物中的用途。
[项目B5]
免疫佐剂在制造用于促进CXCR3阳性细胞向癌或肿瘤浸润的药物中的用途。
[项目B6]
免疫佐剂在制造用于促进CD8阳性T细胞向癌或肿瘤内浸润的药物中的用途。
[项目B7]
免疫佐剂在制造与抗癌剂或其他治疗癌症或肿瘤的技术一起使用的药物中的用途。
[项目B8]
免疫佐剂在制造与抗癌剂或其他治疗癌症或肿瘤的技术组合使用的药物中的用途。
[项目B8A]
根据上述项目中任一项所述的用途,其中,上述药物为用于预防或治疗癌症或肿瘤的药物。
[项目B9]
根据上述项目中任一项所述的用途,其为在制造用于治疗经现有治疗无效的患者的药物中的用途。
[项目B10]
根据上述项目中任一项所述的用途,其为在制造用于治疗或预防没有其他治疗选择的、肿瘤突变负荷高(Tumor Mutational Burdenhigh)及CD8+T细胞低的无法手术或转移的实体癌的药物中的用途。
[项目B11]
根据上述项目中任一项所述的用途,其中,上述免疫佐剂包含结核杆菌提取物或其一部分。
[项目B12]
根据上述项目中任一项所述的用途,其中,上述免疫佐剂包含人型结核杆菌热水提取物。
[项目C1]
一种免疫佐剂,其用于激活CXCL10产生。
[项目C2]
根据上述项目中任一项所述的免疫佐剂,其中,上述激活CXCL10产生是在包含来源于骨髓的细胞的细胞中进行的。
[项目C3]
根据上述项目中任一项所述的免疫佐剂,其中,上述激活CXCL10产生是在抗原呈递细胞中进行的。
[项目C4]
一种免疫佐剂,其用于处置显示出CXCL10阳性的癌或肿瘤。
[项目C5]
一种免疫佐剂,其用于促进CXCR3阳性细胞向癌或肿瘤浸润。
[项目C6]
一种免疫佐剂,其用于促进CD8阳性T细胞向癌或肿瘤内浸润。
[项目C7]
一种用于作为药物使用的免疫佐剂,其特征在于,该免疫佐剂与抗癌剂或其他治疗癌症或肿瘤的技术一起使用。
[项目C8]
一种用于作为药物使用的免疫佐剂,其特征在于,该免疫佐剂与抗癌剂或其他治疗癌症或肿瘤的技术组合使用。
[项目C8A]
根据上述项目中任一项所述的免疫佐剂,其中,上述药物为用于预防或治疗癌症或肿瘤的药物。
[项目C9]
根据上述项目中任一项所述的免疫佐剂,其中,上述药物为用于治疗经现有治疗无效的患者的药物。
[项目C10]
根据上述项目中任一项所述的免疫佐剂,其中,上述药物为用于治疗或预防没有其他治疗选择的肿瘤突变负荷高(Tumor Mutational Burdenhigh)及CD8+T细胞低的无法手术或转移的实体癌的药物。
[项目C11]
根据上述项目中任一项所述的免疫佐剂,其包含结核杆菌提取物或其一部分。
[项目C12]
根据上述项目中任一项所述的免疫佐剂,其包含人结核杆菌热水提取物。
本发明还提供以下的项目。
[项目X1]
一种用于激活CXCL10产生的组成物,其中,包含免疫佐剂。
[项目X2]
根据上述项目中任一项所述的组成物,其中,上述激活CXCL10产生是在包含来源于骨髓的细胞的细胞中进行的。
[项目X3]
根据上述项目中任一项所述的组成物,其中,上述激活CXCL10产生是在抗原呈递细胞中进行的。
[项目X4]
根据上述项目中任一项所述的组成物,其中,上述激活CXCL10产生是在淋巴结中进行的。
[项目X5]
一种用于处置显示出CXCL10阳性的癌或肿瘤的组成物,其中,包含免疫佐剂。
[项目X6]
一种用于促进CXCR3阳性细胞向癌或肿瘤浸润的组成物,其中,包含免疫佐剂。
[项目X7]
一种用于促进CD8阳性T细胞向癌或肿瘤内浸润的组成物,其中,包含免疫佐剂。
[项目X8]
一种用于在淋巴结中激活免疫细胞的组成物,其中,包含免疫佐剂。
[项目X9]
一种用于促进CD8阳性T细胞向淋巴结浸润的组成物,其中,包含免疫佐剂。
[项目X10]
根据上述项目中任一项所述的组成物,其中,上述CD8阳性T细胞为效应记忆CD8+T细胞。
[项目X11]
一种药物组成物,包含免疫佐剂,其特征在于,所述药物组成物与抗癌剂或其他治疗癌症或肿瘤的技术一起使用。
[项目X12]
一种组合药物,其为抗癌剂或其他治疗癌症或肿瘤的技术与免疫佐剂的组合药物。
[项目X13]
根据上述项目中任一项所述的药物组成物或组合药物,其用于治疗经现有治疗无效的患者。
[项目X14]
根据上述项目中任一项所述的药物组成物或组合药物,其包含免疫佐剂,用于治疗或预防没有其他治疗选择的、肿瘤突变负荷高(Tumor Mutational Burdenhigh)及CD8+T细胞低的无法手术或转移的实体癌。
[项目X15]
根据上述项目中任一项所述的组成物、药物组成物或组合药物,其中,上述免疫佐剂包含结核杆菌提取物或其一部分。
[项目X16]
根据上述项目中任一项所述的组成物、药物组成物或组合药物,其中,上述免疫佐剂包含人型结核杆菌热水提取物。
[项目X17]
一种药物组成物或组合药物,其为包含免疫佐剂的、用于治疗或预防没有其他治疗选择的肿瘤突变负荷高(Tumor Mutational Burdenhigh)及CD8+T细胞低的无法手术或转移的实体癌的、上述项目中任一项所述的药物组成物或上述项目中任一项所述的组合药物,其中,该免疫佐剂包含结核杆菌提取物或其一部分。
[项目X18]
根据上述项目中任一项所述的药物组成物或组合药物,其中,上述免疫佐剂包含人型结核杆菌热水提取物。
[项目XA1]
一种用于在受试体中激活CXCL10产生的方法,其中,包括对该受试体施用有效量的免疫佐剂的工序。
[项目XA2]
根据上述项目中任一项所述的方法,其中,上述激活CXCL10产生是在包含来源于骨髓的细胞的细胞中进行的。
[项目XA3]
根据上述项目中任一项所述的方法,其中,上述激活CXCL10产生是在抗原呈递细胞中进行的。
[项目XA4]
根据上述项目中任一项所述的方法,其中,上述激活CXCL10产生是在淋巴结中进行的。
[项目XA5]
一种用于在受试体中处置显示出CXCL10阳性的癌或肿瘤的方法,其中,包括对该受试体施用有效量的免疫佐剂的工序。
[项目XA6]
一种用于在受试体中促进CXCR3阳性细胞向癌或肿瘤浸润的方法,其中,包括对该受试体施用有效量的免疫佐剂的工序。
[项目XA7]
一种用于在受试体中促进CD8阳性T细胞向癌或肿瘤内浸润的方法,其中,包括对该受试体施用有效量的免疫佐剂的工序。
[项目XA8]
一种用于在受试体中激活淋巴结中的免疫细胞的方法,其中,包括对该受试体施用有效量的免疫佐剂的工序。
[项目XA9]
一种用于在受试体中促进CD8阳性T细胞向淋巴结浸润的方法,其中,包括对该受试体施用有效量的免疫佐剂的工序。
[项目XA10]
根据上述项目中任一项所述的方法,其中,上述CD8阳性T细胞为效应记忆CD8+T细胞。
[项目XA11]
一种用于预防或治疗受试体中的癌症或肿瘤的方法,其为对该受试体施用有效量的免疫佐剂的工序,该免疫佐剂的施用是与有效量的抗癌剂或其他治疗癌症或肿瘤的技术组合来实施。
[项目XA12]
一种用于预防或治疗受试体中的癌症或肿瘤的方法,包括如下工序:将有效量的免疫佐剂与有效量的抗癌剂或其他治疗癌症或肿瘤的技术进行组合。
[项目XA13]
根据上述项目中任一项所述的方法,其中,上述受试体为经现有治疗无效的受试者。
[项目XA14]
根据上述项目中任一项所述的方法,其中,上述受试体患有没有其他治疗选择的肿瘤突变负荷高(Tumor Mutational Burdenhigh)及CD8+T细胞低的无法手术或转移的实体癌。
[项目XA15]
根据上述项目中任一项所述的方法,其中,上述免疫佐剂包含结核杆菌提取物或其一部分。
[项目XA16]
根据上述项目中任一项所述的方法,其中,上述免疫佐剂包含人型结核杆菌热水提取物。
[项目XA17]
一种方法,其为包括对受试体施用有效量的免疫佐剂的工序、用于治疗或预防没有其他治疗选择的肿瘤突变负荷高(Tumor Mutational Burdenhigh)及CD8+T细胞低的无法手术或转移的实体癌的、上述项目中任一项所述的方法,其中,该免疫佐剂包含结核杆菌提取物或其一部分。
[项目XA18]
根据上述项目中任一项所述的方法,其中,上述免疫佐剂包含人型结核杆菌热水提取物。
[项目XB1]
免疫佐剂在制造用于激活CXCL10产生的药物中的用途。
[项目XB2]
根据上述项目中任一项所述的用途,其中,上述激活CXCL10产生是在包含来源于骨髓的细胞的细胞中进行的。
[项目XB3]
根据上述项目中任一项所述的用途,其中,上述激活CXCL10产生是在抗原呈递细胞中进行的。
[项目XB4]
根据上述项目中任一项所述的用途,其中,上述激活CXCL10产生是在淋巴结中进行的。
[项目XB5]
免疫佐剂在制造用于处置显示出CXCL10阳性的癌症或肿瘤的药物中的用途。
[项目XB6]
免疫佐剂在制造用于促进CXCR3阳性细胞向癌或肿瘤浸润的药物中的用途。
[项目XB7]
免疫佐剂在制造用于促进CD8阳性T细胞向癌或肿瘤内浸润的药物中的用途。
[项目XB8]
免疫佐剂在制造用于在淋巴结中激活免疫细胞的药物中的用途。
[项目XB9]
免疫佐剂在制造用于促进CD8阳性T细胞向淋巴结浸润的药物中的用途。
[项目XB10]
根据上述项目中任一项所述的用途,其中,上述CD8阳性T细胞为效应记忆CD8+T细胞。
[项目XB11]
免疫佐剂在制造与抗癌剂或其他治疗癌症或肿瘤的技术一起使用的药物中的用途。
[项目XB12]
免疫佐剂在制造与抗癌剂或其他治疗癌症或肿瘤的技术组合使用的药物中的用途。
[项目XB12A]
根据上述项目中任一项所述的用途,其中,上述药物为用于预防或治疗癌症或肿瘤的药物。
[项目XB13]
根据上述项目中任一项所述的用途,其为在制造用于治疗经现有治疗无效的患者的药物中的用途。
[项目XB14]
根据上述项目中任一项所述的用途,其为在制造用于治疗或预防没有其他治疗选择的肿瘤突变负荷高(Tumor Mutational Burdenhigh)及CD8+T细胞低的无法手术或转移的实体癌的药物中的用途。
[项目XB15]
根据上述项目中任一项所述的用途,其中,上述免疫佐剂包含结核杆菌提取物或其一部分。
[项目XB16]
根据上述项目中任一项所述的用途,其中,上述免疫佐剂包含人型结核杆菌热水提取物。
[项目XB17]
一种用途,其为制造用于治疗或预防没有其他治疗选择的肿瘤突变负荷高(TumorMutational Burdenhigh)及CD8+T细胞低的无法手术或转移的实体癌的药物的、上述项目中任一项所述的用途,其中,上述免疫佐剂包含结核杆菌提取物或其一部分。
[项目XB18]
根据上述项目中任一项所述的用途,其中,上述免疫佐剂包含人型结核杆菌热水提取物。
[项目XC1]
一种免疫佐剂,其用于激活CXCL10产生。
[项目XC2]
根据上述项目中任一项所述的免疫佐剂,其中,上述激活CXCL10产生是在包含来源于骨髓的细胞的细胞中进行的。
[项目XC3]
根据上述项目中任一项所述的免疫佐剂,其中,上述激活CXCL10产生是在抗原呈递细胞中进行的。
[项目XC4]
根据上述项目中任一项所述的免疫佐剂,其中,上述激活CXCL10产生是在淋巴结中进行的。
[项目XC5]
一种免疫佐剂,其用于处置显示出CXCL10阳性的癌症或肿瘤。
[项目XC6]
一种免疫佐剂,其用于促进CXCR3阳性细胞向癌或肿瘤浸润。
[项目XC7]
一种免疫佐剂,其用于促进CD8阳性T细胞向癌或肿瘤内浸润。
[项目XC8]
一种免疫佐剂,其用于在淋巴结中激活免疫细胞。
[项目XC9]
一种免疫佐剂,其用于促进CD8阳性T细胞向淋巴结浸润。
[项目XC10]
根据上述项目中任一项所述的免疫佐剂,其中,上述CD8阳性T细胞为效应记忆CD8+T细胞。
[项目XC11]
一种用于作为药物使用的免疫佐剂,其特征在于,该免疫佐剂与抗癌剂或其他治疗癌症或肿瘤的技术一起使用。
[项目XC12]
一种用于作为药物使用的免疫佐剂,其特征在于,该免疫佐剂与抗癌剂或其他治疗癌症或肿瘤的技术组合使用。
[项目XC12A]
根据上述项目中任一项所述的免疫佐剂,其中,上述药物为用于预防或治疗癌症或肿瘤的药物。
[项目XC13]
根据上述项目中任一项所述的免疫佐剂,其中,上述药物为用于治疗经现有治疗无效的患者的药物。
[项目XC14]
根据上述项目中任一项所述的免疫佐剂,其中,上述药物为用于治疗或预防没有其他治疗选择的、肿瘤突变负荷高(Tumor Mutational Burdenhigh)及CD8+T细胞低的无法手术或转移的实体癌的药物。
[项目XC15]
根据上述项目中任一项所述的免疫佐剂,其包含结核杆菌提取物或其一部分。
[项目XC16]
根据上述项目中任一项所述的免疫佐剂,其包含人结核杆菌热水提取物。
[项目XC17]
一种免疫佐剂,其为作为用于治疗或预防没有其他治疗选择的肿瘤突变负荷高(Tumor Mutational Burdenhigh)及CD8+T细胞低的无法手术或转移的实体癌的药物的、上述项目中任一项所述的免疫佐剂,其中,该免疫佐剂包含结核杆菌提取物或其一部分。
[项目XC18]
根据上述项目中任一项所述的免疫佐剂,其中,上述免疫佐剂包含人型结核杆菌热水提取物。
在本发明中,旨在表明上述的一个或多个特征除了所明示的组合以外还可以进一步组合来提供。对于本发明的另一方面的实施方式及优点,只要根据需要阅读以下的详细说明并加以理解,就能被本领域技术人员所认识。
发明效果
在本发明中,可以提供使用结核杆菌提取物等免疫佐剂等而有效地治疗或预防癌症或肿瘤的方法。
附图说明
图1是表示实施例2中的免疫佐剂的增强CXCL10产生的图。
图2是表示实施例4中的通过施用提取物Z而使肿瘤内的CD8+T细胞增加的图。
具体实施方式
以下,一边示出一部分最佳方式一边说明本发明。应理解的是,在本说明书全文中,只要未特别提及,单数形式的表述也包含其复数形式的概念。因此,应理解的是,只要未特别提及,单数形式的冠词(例如,英语时的“a”、“an”、“the”等)也包含其复数形式的概念。另外,应理解的是,只要未特别提及,本说明书中所使用的术语为本领域中通常使用的含义所使用的术语。因此,除非另有定义,本说明书中使用的所有的专业术语及科学技术术语具有与本发明所属领域的技术人员通常所理解的含义相同的含义。在存在冲突的情况下,以本说明书(包含定义在内)为准。
(定义)
以下,对本说明书中的术语进行说明。
在本说明书中,“CXCL10”是C-X-C基序趋化因子配体10的简称,也作为IP-10、干扰素γ诱导蛋白质10或小诱导细胞因子B10而已知。CXCL10是在人体中被CXCL10基因所编码的8.7kDa的蛋白质,其是非糖基化蛋白质并且由77个氨基酸构成。CXCL10是将单核细胞、内皮细胞、成纤维细胞用IFNγ进行处理并在应答的过程中制作的趋化因子。IP-10作为趋化性诱因物质细胞发挥功能,该趋化性诱因物质细胞表达G蛋白质结合受体、主要出现在已被活化的T细胞、NK细胞中的CXCR3。除此以外,还作为CXCL10、C7、IFI10、INP10、IP-10、SCYB10、crg-2、gIP-10、mob-1、CXC基序趋化因子配体10、CXC基序趋化因子10等而已知。作为ID,还已知为NM_001565(核酸)、NP_001556(蛋白质)。
在本说明书中,“激活CXCL10产生”是指使CXCL10的产生(或物质量)增加。
在本说明书中,“显示出CXCL10阳性的癌或肿瘤”是指在癌或肿瘤中CXCL10为阳性的情况。作为显示出CXCL10阳性的癌或肿瘤,可举出例如:脑肿瘤、脊髓肿瘤、口腔癌·咽癌·鼻癌、喉癌、甲状腺癌、肺癌、乳腺癌、纵隔肿瘤、间皮瘤、食道癌、胃癌、十二指肠·小肠癌、大肠癌、GIST(Gastrointestinal stromal tumors,胃肠道间质瘤)、肝癌、胆管癌·胆囊癌、胰腺癌、肾癌、尿道癌、膀胱癌、肾上腺肿瘤、前列腺癌、睾丸癌、宫颈癌·子宫体癌及卵巢癌等。
在本说明书中,“CXCR3”具有与该领域中常用的含义相同的含义,是作为G蛋白质偶联受体的CXC趋化因子受体家族之一。除了G蛋白质偶联受体9(GPR9)、CD183以外,有时也被称为:CD182;CKR-L2;CMKAR3;IP10-R;Mig-R;MigR等。已知CXCR3有2个突变体。其中之一的CXCR3-A与作为CXC趋化因子的CXCL9(MIG)、CXCL10(IP-10)、CXCL11(I-TAC)结合,但CXCR3-B除了它们以外还能够与CXCL4结合。作为核酸的ID,可列举出:NM_001142797、NM_001504等,作为蛋白质的ID,可以举出:NP_001136269、NP_001495。
在本说明书中,“CD8阳性T细胞”是指T细胞中CD8表达为阳性的细胞。在本说明书中,CD8阳性T细胞浸润根据细胞数计数来评价,所述细胞数计数通过确认使用了最低3个不同的高倍率视野(最大、物镜40倍及目镜10倍)的载玻片(slide)来进行。记录被染色为CD8阳性的细胞数,在3个视野中有5个细胞以下的情况定义为低浸润,多于5个细胞的情况定义为高浸润。
在本说明书中,“免疫佐剂”是指辅佐免疫反应的任意的药剂或因子。对于某种物质是否为免疫佐剂,可在确认它是否不构成特定的抗原后调查是否使针对共同施用的抗原的免疫反应的强度上升和/或增强。作为免疫佐剂的实例,代表性地可以包括:人型结核杆菌热水提取物或其一部分、Toll样受体、RIG-1及NOD样受体(NLR)等模式识别受体的刺激剂、明矾等矿物盐、与大肠杆菌(Escherihia coli)、明尼苏达沙门氏菌(Salmonellaminnesota)、鼠伤寒沙门氏菌(Salmonella typhimurium)或弗氏志贺氏菌(Shigellaflexneri)等肠道细菌的单磷酰脂质(MPL)A组合的明矾、或特别是MPL(注册商标)(AS04)、QS-21、Quil-A、ISCOM、ISCOMATRIX(商标)等皂甙、MF59(商标)、Montanide(注册商标)、ISA51及ISA 720等乳液(emulsion)、AS02(QS21+角鲨烯+MPL(注册商标))、AS15、AS01等脂质体及脂质体制剂、来源于淋球菌(N.gonorrhoeae)、沙眼衣原体(Chlamydia trachomatis)等细菌的外膜囊泡(OMV)等合成或特异性制备的微粒和微载体、或壳聚糖粒子、Pluronic(注册商标)嵌段共聚物等形成储库的作用剂(deopt-forming agents);胞壁酰二肽(muramyldipeptide)等特异性修饰或制备的肽、RC529等氨烷基氨基葡萄糖胺4-磷酸酯、或细菌类毒素或毒素片段等蛋白质,但并不限定于此。需要说明的是,在本发明中,有时代表性地使用人型结核杆菌热水提取物或其一部分进行说明,但本发明并不限定于此。
在本说明书中,“人型结核杆菌热水提取物”代表性地是由人型结核杆菌产生的物质,其是包含以阿拉伯糖、甘露糖及葡萄糖作为主要成分的多糖类的混合物。由人型结核杆菌热水提取物带来的抗癌效果虽然很早就被研究过,但是其作用机理的详细情况未必明确,另外,尚未被用作预防药。除此以外,还可适当地包含蛋白质、肽、氨基酸、核酸、脂质(糖脂质)等微量成分。作为人型结核杆菌热水提取物的一个实例,可列举出本说明书中记载的提取物Z等。因此,在本发明的技术中,作为人型结核杆菌热水提取物,可以使用本说明书中详述的提取物Z或以其作为原药而制造的任意的制剂。
人型结核杆菌热水提取物的代表性的制造方法如下所述。
将人型结核杆菌在37℃的恒温槽内培养3~7周,之后滤取在培养基上形成的膜状的菌体,将水洗并去除培养基成分所得的湿菌体作为提取原料。使菌体悬浮于湿重量的15-40倍量的蒸馏水中,以90℃~120℃加热80分钟~180分钟进行提取,用除菌过滤器去除菌体残留物,将提取液浓缩至60%以下后,向其中添加丙酮、三氯乙酸、硫酸铵或磺基水杨酸等以使其成为0.5%(w/v)-3%(w/v),进行搅拌、静置后,将所析出的沉淀进行离心分离而去除,将上清液进行流水透析。将透析内液减压浓缩成1/20~1/4量,向浓缩液中添加氯化钠以使其成为0.5%(w/v)~1%(w/v)后,添加2~4倍容量的乙醇并静置后,进行离心分离而去除沉淀。进一步向上清液中添加2~6倍量的乙醇并静置后,进行离心分离并收集所沉降的多糖体等,从而获得人型结核杆菌热水提取物。本领域技术人员可理解:即使将上述的各条件进行适当变更,也能够得到同样的产物。
本发明中的“预防”是对对象疾病未发病的人施用本发明的有效成分的行为,例如以防止疾病发病为目的。
本发明中的“治疗”是对被医生或其同等的从业人员诊断为疾病发病的人(受试者、患者)例如施用本发明的有效成分的行为,例如以减轻疾病或症状、不使恶性肿瘤增大或恢复到疾病发病前的状态为目的。另外,即使施用的目的是防止疾病或症状的恶化、或者防止恶性肿瘤增大,只要施用的对象是患者,则也为治疗行为。
在本说明书中,“现有治疗”是指目前能利用的任意治疗,例如是指各国癌症协会等组织所规定的准则中按照癌症种类及阶段推荐的治疗。癌症的治疗可列举出:手术疗法、放射线疗法、化学疗法、免疫疗法(例如免疫细胞疗法·免疫检查点抑制剂·光免疫疗法等)、分子靶向药等。
对于各国癌症协会等组织所规定的准则,可列举例如由美国国立综合癌症网络(NCCN,National Comprehensive Cancer Network)提供的准则(https://www.nccn.org/guidelines/category_1)等。另外,作为日本国内的学会所提供的准则,可列举例如以下的准则。需要说明的是,可理解为这些准则为随着科学见解的累积而更新的新版本。
[表A]
在本说明书中,“没有其他治疗选择”是指实施各国癌症协会等组织所规定的准则中按癌症种类及阶段推荐的治疗但结果未达到治愈的状态,或者无法实施这种治疗的健康状态。“各国癌症协会等组织所规定的准则中按照癌症种类及阶段推荐的治疗”基于本说明书的“现有治疗”中所描述的准则来进行。
在本说明书中,“肿瘤突变负荷高(Tumor Mutational Burdenhigh)及CD8+T细胞低的无法手术或转移的实体癌”是指:读取癌细胞的DNA的结果与参照基因组相比基因突变的量较多、并且使用流式细胞仪或免疫染色等方法进行测定的结果末梢血单核细胞或肿瘤组织内的CD8+T细胞量或比例较少的癌或肿瘤,且不适用手术疗法或发生了转移的癌或肿瘤。
在本说明书中使用的情况下,术语“共同施用(co-administer、co-administration)”是指:例如作为临床处置方案的一部分,在一定期间(例如24小时期间)以内交替施用两种或多于两种的药剂。在另一实施方式中,“共同施用”是指在2小时以内交替施用两种或多于两种的药剂。在另一实施方式中,“共同施用”是指在30分钟以内交替施用两种或多于两种的药剂。在另一实施方式中,“共同施用”是指在15分钟以内交替施用两种或多于两种的药剂。在另一实施方式中,“共同施用”是指以单一制剂的一部分的形式同时施用或者以通过相同或不同的路径施用的多种制剂的形式同时施用。
在本说明书中,“受试体”是指人类等灵长类等温血哺乳动物;鸟类;猫、狗、绵羊、山羊、牛、马、猪等饲养动物或家畜;小鼠、大鼠、豚鼠等实验动物;鱼;爬行动物;包含饲养动物及野生动物等的动物,优选为灵长类动物,更优选包括人类。
在本说明书中,“来源于骨髓的细胞”是指来源于骨髓的任意细胞,包括造血干细胞及来源于其的白细胞、红细胞、血小板、成骨细胞、纤维细胞等分化细胞,或迄今为止由称为骨髓间充质干细胞或骨髓基质多能干细胞或骨髓多能干细胞的细胞为代表的干细胞等,但并不限定于此。“来源于骨髓的细胞”可通过骨髓(细胞)采集或末梢血采集等方法从受试体中分离。本发明还包含如下方法:从受试体中分离“来源于骨髓的细胞”,利用药剂对所分离的细胞进行处理后,使其返回至受试体内,由此进行治疗。
在本说明书中,“抗原呈递细胞”是指通过加工抗原并将抗原呈递至T细胞来介导细胞免疫应答的免疫应答细胞的不均匀群。作为抗原呈递细胞,可列举出:巨噬细胞、树突状细胞、朗格汉斯细胞(Langerhans cell)、B淋巴细胞、血小板和人工抗原呈递细胞(aAPC),但并不限定于此。
在本说明书中,“抗癌剂或其他治疗癌症或肿瘤的技术”有时也称为“抗癌剂等”,除了指对癌症或肿瘤有某些作用的任意的物质、因子或机构的抗癌剂以外,还指放射线疗法等任意的承担治疗癌症的技术的物质、因子或机构。在本说明书中称为“抗癌剂”时,可广义地理解为包含“抗癌剂或其他治疗癌症或肿瘤的技术”。
作为抗癌剂等,可列举出例如:诱导细胞凋亡的药剂;多核苷酸(例如反义寡核苷酸(antisense)、核酶、siRNA);多肽(例如酶及抗体);生物学模拟剂;生物碱;烷基化剂;抗肿瘤性抗生素;代谢拮抗剂;激素;铂化合物;单克隆或多克隆抗体(例如与抗癌剂、毒素、防御素结合的抗体)、毒素;放射性核素;生物反应调节剂(例如干扰素(例如IFN-α)及白介素(例如IL-2));过继性免疫治疗剂;造血生长因子;肿瘤细胞分化诱导剂(例如全反式视黄酸);基因治疗试剂(例如反义治疗试剂及核苷酸);肿瘤疫苗;血管形成抑制剂;蛋白酶体抑制剂;NF-κB调节剂;抗CDK化合物;HDAC抑制剂等多种抗癌剂,包括诱导或刺激细胞凋亡的媒介物。作为诱导细胞凋亡的媒介物,可列举出:放射线(例如X射线、γ射线、UV);肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)相关因子(例如TNF家族受体蛋白、TNF家族配体、针对TRAIL、TRAIL-R1或TRAIL-R2的抗体);激酶抑制剂(例如表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)激酶抑制剂、血管生长因子受体(VGFR)激酶抑制剂、成纤维细胞生长因子受体(FGFR)激酶抑制剂、来源于血小板的生长因子受体(PDGFR)激酶抑制剂及Bcr-Abl激酶抑制剂(GLEEVEC等);反义分子;抗体(例如赫赛汀(Herceptin)、美罗华(Rituxan)、泽维宁(Zevalin)及阿瓦斯汀(Avastin));抗雌激素(例如雷洛昔芬(Raloxifene)及他莫昔芬(Tamoxifen));抗雄激素(例如氟他胺(Flutamide)、比卡鲁胺(Bicalutamide)、非那雄胺(Finasteride)、氨鲁米特(Aminoglutethamide)、酮康唑(Ketoconazole)和皮质类固醇(Corticosteroid));环加氧酶2(COX-2)抑制剂(例如塞来昔布(Celecoxib)、美洛昔康(Meloxicam)、NS-398及非类固醇类抗炎药(NSAID));抗炎药(例如保泰松(Butazolidin)、地卡特隆(Decadron)、去氢可的松(Deltasone)、地塞米松(Dexamethasone)、地塞米松浓缩口服液(Dexamethasone Intensol)、DEXONE、HEXADROL、羟氯喹(Hydroxychloroquine)、METICORTEN、ORADEXON、ORASONE、羟布宗(oxyphenbutazone)、PEDIAPRED、苯基丁氮酮(Phenylbutazone)、硫酸羟氯喹片(PLAQUENIL)、泼尼松龙(prednisolone)、泼尼松(Prednisone)、PRELONE及TANDEARIL);以及癌症的化学治疗药物(例如伊立替康(CAMPTOSAR)、CPT-11、氟达拉滨(FLUDARA)、达卡巴嗪(DTIC)、地塞米松(Dexamethasone)、米托蒽醌(Mitoxantrone)、麦罗塔(Mylotarg)、VP-16、顺铂(Cisplatin)、卡铂(Carboplatin)、奥沙利铂(Oxaliplatin)、5-FU、多柔比星(Doxorubicin)、吉西他滨(Gemcitabine)、硼替佐米(Bortezomib)、吉非替尼(Gefitinib)、贝伐单抗(Bevacizumab)、泰索帝(Taxotere)或泰素(Taxol);细胞信号传导分子;神经酰胺及细胞因子;星孢菌素(Staurosporine);免疫检查点抑制剂等,但并不限定于此。
在本说明书中,“免疫检查点抑制剂”是通过与免疫检查点分子或者其配体结合而阻碍免疫抑制信号的传递,从而能够解除基于免疫检查点分子的T细胞活化抑制的物质。具体而言,可列举出针对PD-1、PD-L1、PD-L2、CTLA-4、LAG-3、TIM-1、TIM-3、TIM-4、VISTA、BTLA、TIGIT、A2AR、4-1BB、4-1BBL、2B4(CD244)、KIR家族受体(family receptors)、B7.1、B7.2、B7-H2、B7-H3、B7-H4、B7-H6、BATE、CD39、CD40、CD47、CD48、CD73、CD94/NKG2A、CD96、CD160、CD200、CD200R、CD274、嗜乳脂蛋白(butyrophilins)、CEACAM1、CSF-1R、DcR3、EDO、Foxpl、GARP、GITR、gp49B、HHLA2、HVEM、ICOS、IDO、ILT-2、ILT-4、LAIR-1、MAFB、MICA./B、NKG2A/HLA-E、NR4A2、OCT-2、OX-40、PIR-B、Rara(retinoic acid receptor alpha,视黄酸受体α)、SIRP、TDO、TLR3及TNFR的抑制剂,优选列举出针对PD-1、PD-L1及CTLA-4的抑制剂。作为PD-1抑制剂之一的抗PD-1抗体通过与T细胞上的PD-1结合而阻碍PD-1与PD-L1的结合,从而阻断抑制信号的传递并维持T细胞的活化。作为PD-L1抑制剂之一的抗PD-L1抗体通过与癌细胞、抗原呈递细胞表达的PD-L1结合,从而阻碍与T细胞上的PD-1的相互作用,其结果会阻碍抑制信号向T细胞中传递,维持T细胞的活化。作为CTLA-4抑制剂之一的抗CTLA-4抗体通过与树突状细胞上的CD28配体竞争,阻断CD28介导的免疫细胞的抑制信号,从而维持T细胞的活化。作为抗PD-1抗体,可列举出纳武单抗(nivolumab)、帕博利珠单抗(pembrolizumab)、斯巴达珠单抗(spartalizumab)、西米普利单抗(cemiplimab),作为抗PD-L1抗体,可列举出阿替利珠单抗(atezolizumab)、德瓦鲁单抗(durvalumab)、阿维鲁单抗(avelumab),作为抗CTLA-4抗体,可列举出伊匹木单抗(ipilimumab)、曲美木单抗(tremelimumab)。
进而,在另一实施方式中,本发明的组成物及方法提供本发明的化合物以及选自烷基化剂、代谢拮抗剂及天然产物(例如草药及来源于其他植物和/或动物的化合物)中的至少一种抗过度增殖药剂或抗肿瘤药。
作为适合在本组成物及方法中使用的烷基化剂,可列举出:1)氮芥(例如二氯甲二乙胺(mechlorethamine)、环磷酰胺(cyclophosphamide)、异环磷酰胺(ifosfamide)、美法仑(L-溶肉瘤素);及苯丁酸氮芥);2)乙烯亚胺及甲基三聚氰胺(例如六甲基三聚氰胺及塞替派(Thiotepa));3)烷基磺酸酯(例如白消安(Busulfan));4)亚硝基脲(例如卡莫司汀(BCNU);洛莫司汀(CCNU);司莫司汀(甲基CCNU);及链脲霉素(链脲佐菌素));以及5)三氮烯(例如达卡巴嗪(DTIC);二甲基三氮烯基咪唑甲酰胺),但并不限定于此。
在一些实施方式中,作为适合在本组成物及方法中使用的代谢拮抗物质,可列举出:1)叶酸类似物(例如甲氨蝶呤(Amethopterin));2)嘧啶类似物(例如氟尿嘧啶(5-氟尿嘧啶;5-FU)、氟尿苷(氟脱氧尿苷;FudR)及阿糖胞苷(cytosine arabinoside));以及3)嘌呤类似物(例如巯嘌呤(6-巯基嘌呤;6-MP)、硫鸟嘌呤(6-硫鸟嘌呤;TG)及喷司他丁(2’-脱氧柯福霉素)),但并不限定于此。
进而,在另一实施方式中,作为适合在本组成物及方法中使用的化学治疗药物,可列举出:1)长春花生物碱(例如长春花碱(VLB)、长春新碱);2)表鬼臼毒素(例如依托泊苷及替尼泊苷);3)抗生素(例如更生霉素(放线菌素D)、柔红霉素(道诺霉素;红比霉素)、多柔比星、博来霉素、普卡霉素(光辉霉素)、及丝裂霉素(丝裂霉素C));4)酶(例如L-天冬酰胺酶);5)生物反应调节剂(例如干扰素α);6)铂配位络合物(例如顺铂(cis-DDP)及卡铂);7)蒽二酮(例如米托蒽醌);8)取代脲(例如羟基脲);9)甲基肼衍生物(例如丙卡巴肼(N-甲基肼;MIH));10)肾上腺皮质抑制剂(例如米托坦(o,p’-DDD)及氨鲁米特);11)肾上腺皮质类固醇(例如泼尼松);12)孕激素(例如己酸羟孕酮、乙酸甲羟孕酮及乙酸甲地孕酮);13)雌激素(例如己烯雌酚及乙炔雌二醇);14)抗雌激素(例如他莫昔芬);15)雄激素(例如丙酸睾酮及氟甲睾酮);16)抗雄激素(例如氟他胺);以及17)促性腺激素释放激素类似物(例如亮丙瑞林),但并不限定于此。
作为抗癌剂,可列举出例如:5-氟尿嘧啶、阿法替尼(Afatinib)、阿普林定(Aprindine)、阿扎立平(Azaribine)、阿那曲唑(Anastrozole)、蒽环霉素(Anthracycline)、阿昔替尼(Axitinib)、AVL-101、AVL-291、苯达莫司汀(Bendamustine)、博来霉素(Bleomycin)、硼替佐米(Bortezomib)、博舒替尼(Bosutinib)、苔藓抑素-1(bryostatin-1)、白消安(Busulfan)、卡利奇霉素(Calicheamicin)、喜树碱(Camptothecin)、卡铂(Carboplatin)、10-羟基喜树碱、卡莫司汀(Carmustine)、塞来昔布(Celecoxib)、苯丁酸氮芥(chlorambucil)、顺铂、COX-2抑制剂、伊立替康(CPT-11)、SN-38、卡铂、克拉屈滨(Cladribine)、喜树碱、克唑替尼(Crizotinib)、环磷酰胺、阿糖胞苷(Cytarabine)、达卡巴嗪(Dacarbazine)、达沙替尼(Dasatinib)、迪那西利(Dinaciclib)、多西紫杉醇(Docetaxel)、更生霉素(Dactinomycin)、柔红霉素(Daunorubicin)、DM1、DM3、DM4、多柔比星(Doxorubicin)、2-吡咯啉多柔比星(2-PDox)、2-PDox的前药形态(pro-2-PDox)、氰基吗啉基多柔比星、多柔比星葡糖苷酸(Doxorubicin-Glucuronide)、内皮抑素(Endostatin)、表柔比星葡糖苷酸、埃罗替尼(Erlotinib)、雌莫司汀(Estramustine)、表鬼臼毒素(Epipodophyllotoxin)、埃罗替尼(Erlotinib)、恩替诺特(Entinostat)、雌激素受体结合剂、依托泊苷(VP16)、依托泊苷葡糖苷酸、依托泊苷磷酸盐、依西美坦(Exemestane)、芬戈莫德(Fingolimod)、氟尿苷(FUdR)、3’,5’-O-二油酰基-FudR(FUdR-dO)、氟达拉滨(Fludarabine)、氟他胺(Flutamide)、法呢基-蛋白转移酶抑制剂(farnesyl-proteintransferase inhibitors)、夫拉平度(Flavopiridol)、福他替尼(Fostamatinib)、Ganetespib、GDC-0834、GS-1101、吉非替尼(Gefitinib)、吉西他滨(Gemcitabine)、羟基脲、依鲁替尼(Ibrutinib)、伊达比星(Idarubicin)、艾代拉里斯(Idelalisib)、异环磷酰胺(Ifosfamide)、伊马替尼(Imatinib)、拉帕替尼(Lapatinib)、来那度胺(Lenalidomide)、亚叶酸(Leucovorin)、LFM-A13、洛莫司汀(Lomustine)、氮芥(Mechlorethamine)、美法仑(Melphalan)、巯嘌呤(Mercaptopurine)、6-巯基嘌呤、甲氨蝶呤(Methotrexate)、米托蒽醌(Mitoxantrone)、光辉霉素(Mithramycin)、丝裂霉素(Mitomycin)、米托坦(Mitotane)、单甲基奥瑞他汀F(MMAF)、单甲基奥瑞他汀D(MMAD)、单甲基奥瑞他汀E(MMAE)、诺维本(Navelbine)、来那替尼(Neratinib)、尼洛替尼(Nilotinib)、亚硝基脲(Nitrosourea)、奥拉帕尼(Olaparib)、佩里霉素(Peliomycin)、丙卡巴肼(Procarbazine)、紫杉醇(Paclitaxel)、PCI-32765、喷司他丁(Pentostatin)、PSI-341、雷洛昔芬(Raloxifene)、司莫司汀(Semustine)、SN-38、索拉非尼(Sorafenib)、链脲霉素(Streptozocin)、SU11248、舒尼替尼(Sunitinib)、他莫昔芬(Tamoxifen)、替莫唑胺(Temozolomide)、反铂(Transplatin)、沙利度胺(Thalidomide)、硫鸟嘌呤(Thioguanine)、塞替派(Thiotepa)、替尼泊苷(Teniposide)、拓扑替康(Topotecan)、乌拉莫司汀(Uracil Mustard)、瓦他拉尼(Vatalanib)、长春瑞滨(Vinorelbine)、长春碱(vinblastine)、长春新碱(vincristine)、长春花生物碱(vinca alkaloid)及ZD1839、或药学上可接受的它们的盐。
本说明书中所使用的术语“前药”是指母体“药物”分子的药理学惰性衍生物,其需要在目标生理系统内进行生物转化(例如自然转化或酶促转化),以释放该前药或将其转化(例如以酶促方式、生理方式、机械方式、电磁方式)为活性药物。前药的设计旨在克服伴随稳定性、水溶性、毒性、缺乏特异性或有限的生物利用度的问题。例示性前药包含活性药物分子本身及化学掩蔽基团(例如可逆地抑制该药物活性的基团)。一些前药是具有在代谢条件下可裂解的基团的化合物的变形或衍生物。前药可使用本技术领域中已知的方法并由该母体化合物容易地制备,所述方法记载于例如以下文献:A Textbook of Drug Design andDevelopment,Krogsgaard-Larsen and H.Bundgaard(eds.),Gordon&Breach,1991,特别是Chapter 5:“Design and Applications of Prodrugs”;Design of Prodrugs,H.Bundgaard(ed.),Elsevier,1985;Prodrugs:Topical and Ocular Drug Delivery,K.B.Sloan(ed.),Marcel Dekker,1998;Methods in Enzymology,K.Widder et al.(eds.),Vol.42,Academic Press,1985,特别是pp.309-396;Burger's MedicinalChemistry and Drug Discovery,5th Ed.,M.Wolff(ed.),John Wiley&Sons,1995,特别是Vol.1pp.172-178及pp.949-982;Pro-Drugs as Novel Delivery Systems,T.Higuchi andV.Stella(eds.),Am.Chem.Soc.,1975;以及Bioreversible Carriers in Drug Design,E.B.Roche(ed.),Elsevier,1987。
当例示性前药在生理条件下进行加溶剂分解时、或在进行酶促降解或者其他生化转化(例如磷酸化、氢化、去氢化、糖基化)时,在体内或体外呈现药学活性。前药在多数情况下带来水溶性、组织相容性或在哺乳类动物体内延迟释放的优点(参照例如:Bundgard,Design of Prodrugs,pp.7-9,21-24,Elsevier,Amsterdam(1985);及Silverman,TheOrganic Chemistry of Drug Design and Drug Action,pp.352-401,Academic Press,San Diego,CA(1992))。作为通常的前药,可列举出:酸的衍生物,例如通过母酸与适当的醇(例如低级烷醇)的反应而制备的酯或通过母醇与适当的羧酸(例如氨基酸)的反应而制备的酯、通过该母酸化合物与胺的反应而制备的酰胺、以形成酰化碱衍生物(例如低级烷基酰胺)的方式使其反应而成的碱性基团;或含磷衍生物,例如包含环状磷酸、膦酸及氨基磷酸(phosphoramidate)的磷酸酯、膦酸酯和氨基磷酸酯(参照例如美国专利申请公开第US2007/0249564A1,其全部内容通过参照并入本说明书中)。
本说明书中所使用的术语“药学上可接受的盐”是指在目标动物(例如哺乳类动物)中生理上可接受的本发明的化合物的任意盐(例如通过与酸或碱的反应而得到)。本发明的化合物的盐可以由无机或有机酸及碱得到。作为酸的例子,可列举出:盐酸、氢溴酸、硫酸、硝酸、高氯酸、富马酸、马来酸、磷酸、乙醇酸、乳酸、水杨酸、琥珀酸、对甲苯磺酸、酒石酸、乙酸、柠檬酸、甲磺酸、乙磺酸、甲酸、苯甲酸、丙二酸、磺酸、萘-2-磺酸、苯磺酸等,但并不限定于此。对于草酸等其他酸,虽然其本身在药学上不被接受,但有时也用于制备作为得到本发明的化合物及它们的药学上可接受的酸加成盐时的中间体有用的盐。
作为碱的例子,可列举出:碱金属(例如钠)氢氧化物、碱土金属(例如镁)氢氧化物、氨、及式NW4 +(式中,W为C1-4烷基)的化合物等,但并不限定于此。
作为盐的例子,可列举出:乙酸盐、己二酸盐、海藻酸盐、天冬氨酸盐、苯甲酸盐、苯磺酸盐、硫酸氢盐、丁酸盐、柠檬酸盐、樟脑酸盐、樟脑磺酸盐、环戊烷丙酸盐、二葡萄糖酸盐、十二烷基硫酸盐、乙磺酸盐、富马酸盐、葡萄糖庚酸盐(flucoheptanqate)、甘油磷酸盐、半硫酸盐、庚酸盐、己酸盐、氯化物、溴化物、碘化物、2-羟基乙磺酸盐、乳酸盐、马来酸盐、甲磺酸盐(mesylate)、甲磺酸盐、2-萘磺酸盐、烟酸盐、草酸盐、棕榈酸盐(palmoate)、果胶酯酸盐、过硫酸盐、苯基丙酸盐、苦味酸盐、新戊酸盐、丙酸盐、琥珀酸盐、酒石酸盐、硫氰酸盐、甲苯磺酸盐(tosylic acid salt)、十一烷酸盐等,但并不限定于此。作为盐的其他例子,可列举出具有Na+、NH4 +及NW4 +(式中,W为C1-4烷基)等适当的阳离子的本发明的化合物的阴离子。对于治疗用途,期望本发明的化合物的盐在药学上可接受。然而,即使是药学上不可接受的酸和碱的盐,也可用于例如药学上可接受的化合物的制备或纯化。
本说明书中所使用的术语“溶剂化物”是指本发明的化合物与一种以上的有机或无机的溶剂分子的物理缔合。该物理缔合多数情况下包含氢键。根据情况,例如在一种以上溶剂化物分子掺入该结晶性固体的晶格中时,该溶剂化物会发生分离。“溶剂化物”包括溶液相的溶剂化物及可分离的溶剂化物两者。作为典型的溶剂化物,可列举出:水合物、乙醇化物及甲醇化物。
“治疗有效量”是指对状态进行预防、或某种程度地减轻一种或多种所处置的障碍的症状而施用的化合物的量。适合在本说明书中使用的药物组成物包含含有用于实现所预期的目的的足够量的活性成分的组成物。特别是若考虑本说明书所提供的详细说明,则治疗有效量的确定完全在本领域技术人员的能力范围内。在本说明书中所使用的情况下,处置是指疾病的抑制、减轻、消失或缓和以及预防。
药物组成物可通过药学领域中周知的方法等任意适当的方法来制备,所述方法记载于例如以下文献:Gennaro等、Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences(第18版,MackPublishing Co.,1990年),特别是Part 8:Pharmaceutical Preparations and theirManufacture等。这样的方法包含使化合物与载体或稀释剂及根据需要的一种或多种辅助成分组合的步骤。这样的辅助成分包含本技术领域中普通的辅助成分,例如:填充剂、粘合剂、赋形剂、崩解剂、润滑剂、着色剂、芳香剂、甜味剂、保存剂(例如抗菌保存剂)、悬浮剂、增稠剂、乳化剂和/或湿润剂。
本说明书中所使用的术语“载体”例如是指关于将对象药物化合物从身体的一个器官或部分搬运或输送到身体的另一个器官或部分或者使其成为可能的液体或固体增量剂、稀释剂、添加剂、溶剂、或胶囊化剂等那样的药学上可接受的物质、组成物、或赋形剂。“药学上可接受”是指具有与制剂中的其他原料的相容性、并且对患者无害。药学上可接受的载体、载体和/或稀释剂的非限定例包括:乳糖、葡萄糖及蔗糖那样的糖;玉米淀粉及马铃薯淀粉那样的淀粉;羧甲基纤维素钠、乙基纤维素、及乙酸纤维素那样的纤维素及其衍生物;粉末黄耆胶、麦芽、明胶、滑石、可可脂及栓剂蜡(suppository wax)那样的赋形剂;花生油、棉籽油、红花油、芝麻油、橄榄油、玉米油及大豆油那样的油;丙二醇那样的二醇、甘油、山梨糖醇、甘露糖醇及聚乙二醇那样的多元醇;油酸乙酯及月桂酸乙酯那样的酯;琼脂、氢氧化镁及氢氧化铝那样的缓冲剂;海藻酸;不含发热物质的水;等渗性生理盐水;林格氏溶液(Ringer's solution);乙醇;磷酸缓冲液;以及药物制剂中所使用的其他非毒性相容性物质。在组成物中也可包含湿润剂、乳化剂、以及月桂基硫酸钠、硬脂酸镁及聚环氧乙烷-聚环氧丙烷共聚物那样的润滑剂,同样地也可以包含着色剂、释放剂、包衣剂、甜味剂、香味料和香料、保存剂及抗氧化剂。
在本说明书中,“非经口(parenteral)施用”是指并非经口施用的任意路径的施用方式,可采用以对癌症治疗或预防等目的的疾病的治疗或预防有效的方式及水平进行施用的任意方式,作为非经口施用的手段,可列举出利用经皮吸收或者经粘膜吸收的施用,包括注射或者注入、两者的组合。例如,作为利用经皮吸收或者经粘膜吸收的施用,使涂布剂、贴附剂、喷雾剂等经皮吸收制剂与皮肤或粘膜接触,制剂中的药物通过皮肤或粘膜而转移至体内,由此发挥效果。作为利用注射或注入的施用,可列举出静脉内、皮内、皮下、肌肉内、经肠(灌肠)施用,也可以弹丸(bolus)施用和/或持续注入。它们也可以使用包含悬浮剂、稳定剂和/或分散剂等其他制剂物质的油性或水性介质中的悬浊剂、液剂、乳液、植入剂。作为经肠(灌肠)施用,可通过经皮的内窥镜的胃造瘘术而使用管及便携式注入泵持续地送达至近端小肠。可进一步优选为皮下施用或皮内施用。也可通过胶带/贴剂或粉末、喷雾、软膏、糊剂、乳剂(cream)、洗剂(lotion)、凝胶及溶液等来进行非经口施用(例如经皮施用)。适于非经口施用的组成物可以包含至少1种作为药品而言可接受的无菌等渗性水性或者非水性溶液、分散液、悬浊液、乳液(emulsion)、植入剂、或在即将使用之前可再构成为无菌注射用溶液或者分散液的无菌粉末。
在本说明书中,“放射线疗法提供机构”是指用于对受试者提供放射线疗法的方法、装置、设备、药剂及器械等。
在本说明书中,“医疗器械”是指以治疗、预防或复发预防为目的而插入或移植到对象中、或者应用于对象的表面的物体。对于医疗器械的一般的例子,除了放射线疗法中使用的任意的器械以外,还包含支架(stent)、紧固件(fastener)、输液港(port)、导管(catheter)、模架(scaffold)及移植物(graft)等。
(优选实施方式的说明)
以下对本发明的优选实施方式进行说明。以下提供的实施方式是为了更好地理解本发明而提供的,不应理解为本发明的范围受到以下记载的限定。因此,本领域技术人员显著能够参考本说明书中的记载在本发明的范围内进行适当改变。另外,可理解为本发明的以下的实施方式可以单独使用、或是将它们组合来使用。
(激活CXCL10产生)
一方面,本发明提供一种用于激活CXCL10产生的包含免疫佐剂(例如,结核杆菌热水提取物等结核杆菌提取物相关物质)的组成物、其用途、使用其的预防或治疗方法、用于这些用途的免疫佐剂。以往并未假定以结核杆菌热水提取物等结核杆菌提取物相关物质为代表的免疫佐剂可以进行激活CXCL10产生,该情况是在本发明中初次发现,可以说比较显著。
在一个实施方式中,激活CXCL10产生是在包含来源于骨髓的细胞的细胞中进行的。可以在包含来源于骨髓的细胞的细胞中进行激活CXCL10产生在对单核细胞或巨噬细胞、T细胞、NK细胞、树突状细胞的化学诱导、T细胞对内皮细胞的粘附、抗癌活性、脊髓的集落形成或血管形成等方面发挥重要作用,且在免疫疗法中发挥重要作用,在癌症、肿瘤、感染症等疾病的处置中也期待显著效果。
在一个实施方式中,激活CXCL10产生是在抗原呈递细胞中进行的。通过在抗原呈递细胞中进行激活CXCL10产生,从而在免疫疗法中发挥重要作用,在癌症、肿瘤、感染症等疾病的处置中也期待显著效果。
在另一个实施方式中,激活CXCL10产生是在淋巴结中进行的。通过在淋巴结中进行激活CXCL10产生,从而促进免疫细胞向肿瘤内浸润,在癌症、肿瘤、感染症等疾病的处置中也期待显著效果。关于激活CXCL10产生,由于免疫细胞向肿瘤内浸润是经由以淋巴结为中心的淋巴组织的作用,因此通过激活淋巴结,包含免疫佐剂(例如,结核杆菌热水提取物等结核杆菌提取物相关物质)的组成物可以促进免疫细胞向肿瘤内浸润。并且,淋巴结是包含T细胞、B细胞、巨噬细胞、树突状细胞、浆细胞等免疫细胞、且对外来非自身抗原实行免疫反应的组织,因此通过激活淋巴结,在感染症等疾病的处置中也期待显著效果。
另一方面,本发明提供一种用于处置显示出CXCL10阳性的癌或肿瘤的包含免疫佐剂(例如,结核杆菌热水提取物等结核杆菌提取物相关物质)的组成物、其用途、使用其的预防或治疗方法、用于这些用途的免疫佐剂。以往并未假定以结核杆菌热水提取物等结核杆菌提取物相关物质为代表的免疫佐剂可以用于处置显示出CXCL10阳性的癌或肿瘤,该情况是在本发明中初次发现,可以说比较显著。在本发明中发现:通过存在显示出CXCL10阳性的癌或肿瘤细胞,可促进CD8阳性细胞向癌或肿瘤浸润。在还能够提供以CXCL10阳性为指标的伴随医药方面(companion medicament)比较显著。
另一方面,本发明提供一种用于促进CD8阳性T细胞向癌或肿瘤内浸润的包含免疫佐剂(例如,结核杆菌热水提取物等结核杆菌提取物相关物质)的组成物、其用途、使用其的预防或治疗方法、用于这些用途的免疫佐剂。虽然不希望受到理论束缚,但根据本发明可知:通过施用免疫佐剂(例如,结核杆菌热水提取物等结核杆菌提取物相关物质),可促进CD8阳性T细胞的浸润,改善治疗。
(抗癌剂)
本发明提供一种包含免疫佐剂(例如,结核杆菌热水提取物等结核杆菌提取物相关物质)的药物组成物、组合物、用于治疗或预防癌症或肿瘤的方法、用途、或用于制造药物的用途,该药物组成物特征在于,与抗癌剂或其他治疗癌症或肿瘤的技术一起使用。这里,抗癌剂或其他治疗癌症或肿瘤的技术不同于免疫佐剂(例如,结核杆菌热水提取物等结核杆菌提取物相关物质)。
另一方面,本发明提供一种抗癌剂或其他治疗癌症或肿瘤的技术与免疫佐剂(例如,结核杆菌提取物相关物质)的组合药物。本发明提供一种药物组成物、组合物、用于治疗或预防癌症或肿瘤的方法、用途、或用于制造药物的用途。这里,抗癌剂或其他治疗癌症或肿瘤的技术不同于免疫佐剂(例如,结核杆菌热水提取物等结核杆菌提取物相关物质)。
在本发明中,作为可使用的抗癌剂或其他治疗癌症或肿瘤的技术,可列举出:诱导细胞凋亡的药剂;多核苷酸(例如反义寡核苷酸(antisense)、核酶、siRNA);多肽(例如酶及抗体);生物学模拟剂;生物碱;烷基化剂;抗肿瘤性抗生素;代谢拮抗剂;激素;铂化合物;单克隆或多克隆抗体(例如与抗癌剂、毒素、防御素结合的抗体)、毒素;放射性核素;生物反应调节剂(例如干扰素(例如IFN-α)及白介素(例如IL-2));过继性免疫治疗剂;造血生长因子;肿瘤细胞分化诱导剂(例如全反式视黄酸);基因治疗试剂(例如反义治疗试剂及核苷酸);肿瘤疫苗;血管形成抑制剂;蛋白酶体抑制剂;NF-κB调节剂;抗CDK化合物;HDAC抑制剂等多种抗癌剂,包括诱导或刺激细胞凋亡的媒介物。作为诱导细胞凋亡的媒介物,可列举出:放射线(例如X射线、γ射线、UV);肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)相关因子(例如TNF家族受体蛋白、TNF家族配体、针对TRAIL、TRAIL-R1或TRAIL-R2的抗体);激酶抑制剂(例如表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)激酶抑制剂、血管生长因子受体(VGFR)激酶抑制剂、成纤维细胞生长因子受体(FGFR)激酶抑制剂、来源于血小板的生长因子受体(PDGFR)激酶抑制剂及Bcr-Abl激酶抑制剂(GLEEVEC等);反义分子;抗体(例如赫赛汀(Herceptin)、美罗华(Rituxan)、泽维宁(Zevalin)及阿瓦斯汀(Avastin));抗雌激素(例如雷洛昔芬及他莫昔芬);抗雄激素(例如氟他胺、比卡鲁胺、非那雄胺、氨鲁米特(aminoglutethamide)、酮康唑和皮质类固醇);环加氧酶2(COX-2)抑制剂(例如塞来昔布、美洛昔康、NS-398及非类固醇类抗炎药(NSAID));抗炎药(例如保泰松(Butazolidin)、地卡特隆(Decadron)、去氢可的松(Deltasone)、地塞米松(Dexamethasone)、地塞米松浓缩口服液(Dexamethasone Intensol)、DEXONE、HEXADROL、羟氯喹(Hydroxychloroquine)、METICORTEN、ORADEXON、ORASONE、羟布宗、PEDIAPRED、苯基丁氮酮(Phenylbutazone)、硫酸羟氯喹片(Plaquenil)、泼尼松龙、泼尼松(Prednisone)、PRELONE及TANDEARIL);以及癌症的化学治疗药物(例如伊立替康(CAMPTOSAR)、CPT-11、氟达拉滨(FLUDARA)、达卡巴嗪(DTIC)、地塞米松、米托蒽醌、麦罗塔(MYLOTARG)、VP-16、顺铂、卡铂、奥沙利铂、5-FU、多柔比星、吉西他滨、硼替佐米、吉非替尼、贝伐单抗、泰索帝(Taxotere)或泰素(Taxol);细胞信号传导分子;神经酰胺及细胞因子;星孢菌素;免疫检查点抑制剂等,但并不限定于此。
在一个实施方式中,本发明用于治疗经现有治疗无效的患者,在一个详细的实施方式中,可用于治疗或预防没有其他治疗选择的肿瘤突变负荷高(Tumor MutationalBurdenhigh)及CD8+T细胞低的无法手术或转移的实体癌。
(药物、治疗等医疗技术)
本发明的用于癌症的治疗、预防或复发预防的技术中使用的药物可以通过作为药品在该领域中已知的任意的方法来使用。
在特定的实施方式中,药物组成物可包含1种以上的化合物及至少1种药学上可接受的载体,这里,1种以上的化合物在受试体中可转化为至少1种结核杆菌提取物(即,前药)。在包含多种药剂的情况下,可以包含于单一组成物中(合剂),也可以包含于不同的组成物中。在以单一组成物的形式进行制剂化的情况下,作为制剂,可以使用包含本说明书中例示的方式在内的本技术领域中公知的方式来进行制剂化。对于多种药剂,除了本发明的免疫检查点抑制剂和/或树突状细胞直接活化剂或者机构以外,还可与1种以上的其他药物(例如,手术、化学治疗药物等抗癌剂)一起提供,或以实现治疗法(例如施用抗癌剂、放射线治疗等)的方式来提供。本发明的免疫检查点抑制剂和/或树突状细胞直接活化剂或者机构可以与1种以上的其他药物或治疗法(例如,手术、化学治疗药物、放射线治疗、抗癌剂)组合来提供或施用。本发明的树突状细胞直接活化剂可以与放射线治疗组合来提供或施用。本发明的树突状细胞直接活化剂可以与放射线治疗、抗癌剂、或组合放射线治疗和抗癌剂两者来提供或施用。在一个实施方式中,1种以上的其他药物或治疗法(例如手术、化学治疗药物、放射线治疗、抗癌剂)也可以在施用本发明的免疫检查点抑制剂和/或树突状细胞直接活化剂或机构之后,经过适当的时间后再施用。在分开施用的情况下,2种以上的药物也可以以试剂盒的形式提供。作为抗癌剂,不希望受到限定,但是可列举出:代谢拮抗剂、烷基化剂等化学治疗剂、增殖抑制剂、细胞毒杀剂(cytotoxic agents)、放射线治疗法中所使用的药剂、抗血管新生剂、细胞凋亡剂、抗微管蛋白剂、抗癌性抗生素、微管作用药、酪氨酸激酶抑制剂、蛋白酶体抑制剂、间变性淋巴瘤激酶抑制剂(anaplastic lymphoma kinaseinhibitors)、JAK激酶抑制剂(Janus kinase inhibitors)、CDK抑制剂、MEK抑制剂、Raf激酶抑制剂、PARP抑制剂、抗体药等分子靶向治疗药、铂制剂、树突状细胞疗法等免疫疗法、基因疗法、其他低分子药、用于治疗癌症的其他药剂等。
适于经口施用的本说明书中公开的组成物可以为胶囊、扁囊、丸剂、片剂、菱形片剂(通常使用香味基底,所述香味基底为蔗糖及阿拉伯胶(acacia)或黄蓍胶)、粉末、颗粒、水性或非水性液体的溶液、水性或非水性液体的悬浊液、水包油乳液、油包水乳液、酏剂、糖浆、含片(使用明胶、甘油、蔗糖和/或阿拉伯胶那样的非活性基底)和/或漱口剂(mouthwash)的剂型,各自包含规定量的本发明的至少1种化合物。
本说明书中公开的组成物可以以弹丸(bolus)、药糖剂(electuary)或糊剂的形式施用。
本发明的免疫检查点抑制剂和/或树突状细胞直接活化剂或机构可以以任意的施用方式来施用,不管是经口施用,还是非经口施用,只要是可发挥其效果,则可利用任意的施用方式。优选为非经口施用。
用于经口施用的固体施用剂型(胶囊、片剂、丸剂、糖衣片剂、粉末、颗粒等)可与下述任意物质混合:如柠檬酸钠或磷酸二钙那样的1种以上的药学上可接受的载体和/或淀粉、乳糖、蔗糖、葡萄糖、甘露糖醇和/或如硅酸那样的填充剂或增量剂;羧甲基纤维素、海藻酸盐、明胶、聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮、蔗糖和/或阿拉伯胶等粘合剂;甘油等保湿剂;琼脂、碳酸钙、马铃薯或木薯淀粉、海藻酸、特定的硅酸盐、碳酸钠及乙醇酸淀粉钠等崩解剂;石蜡等溶解延迟剂;季铵化合物等吸收促进剂;鲸蜡醇、单硬脂酸甘油酯及聚环氧乙烷-聚环氧丙烷共聚物等湿润剂;高岭土及膨润土(bentonite clay)等吸收剂;滑石、硬脂酸钙、硬脂酸镁、固体聚乙二醇、月桂基硫酸钠及它们的混合物等润滑剂;以及着色剂。在胶囊、片剂及丸剂的情况下,药物组成物还可包含缓冲剂。同样类型的固体组成物还可使用乳糖(lactose)或乳糖、以及高分子量聚乙二醇等添加剂作为软质及硬质填充明胶胶囊中的填充剂来使用。
用于经口施用的液体施用剂型可包含药学上可接受的乳液、微乳液、溶液、悬浊液、糖浆及酏剂。除了有效成分以外,液体施用剂型还可以包含现有技术中所使用的非活性稀释剂,例如为水或其他溶剂、增溶剂及乳化剂等,可列举出乙醇、异丙醇、碳酸乙酯、乙酸乙酯、苄醇、苯甲酸苄酯、丙二醇、1,3-丁二醇、油(特别是棉籽油、花生油、玉米油、胚芽油、橄榄油、蓖麻油及芝麻油)、甘油、四氢糠醇(tetrahydrofuryl alcohol)、聚乙二醇、山梨糖醇酐的脂肪酸酯及它们的混合物等。进而,可以使用羟基丙基-β-环糊精等环糊精来溶解化合物。
本发明的成分可以包含湿润剂、乳化及悬浮剂、甜味料、香味剂、着色剂、香料及保存剂等辅助剂。悬浊液除了包含基于本发明的1种以上的化合物以外还可以包含悬浮剂,例如可列举出乙氧基化异硬脂醇、聚氧乙烯山梨糖醇及山梨糖醇酐酯、微晶纤维素、偏氢氧化铝(aluminum metahydroxide)、膨润土、琼脂及黄耆胶、以及它们的混合物等。
本说明书中所公开的组合可以为了进行直肠或阴道施用而制成栓剂,可以将基于本发明的1种以上的化合物与包含可可脂、聚乙二醇、栓剂蜡、或水杨酸酯等的1种以上的适当的非刺激性添加剂或载体一起混合来制备栓剂,在室温下为固体,但是在体温下为液体,因此在直肠或阴道腔内融化而释放本发明的化合物。适于阴道施用的药物组成物还可制成包含已知在现有技术中较为适合的载体的阴道栓(pessary)、棉塞(tampon)、乳剂、凝胶、糊剂、泡沫或喷雾制剂。
本发明的组合的用于局部或经皮施用的施用剂型可以包括粉末、喷雾、软膏、糊剂、乳剂、洗剂、凝胶、溶液、贴剂及吸入剂。药物组成物或药物片剂可以在无菌条件下与药学上可接受的载体及根据需要的保存剂、缓冲剂或高压气体一起混合。
软膏、糊剂、乳剂及凝胶除了本发明的组合物以外还可以包含动物及植物脂肪、油、蜡、石蜡、淀粉、黄耆胶、纤维素衍生物、聚乙二醇、硅酮、膨润土、硅酸、滑石以及氧化锌、或者它们的混合物等添加剂。
粉末及喷雾除了本发明的药物组成物或药物片剂以外还可以包含乳糖、滑石、硅酸、氢氧化铝、硅酸钙及聚酰胺粉末等添加剂、或者这些物质的混合物。进而,喷雾可以包含氯氟烃那样的通常的高压气体、以及丁烷及丙烷那样的挥发性非取代烃。
眼科制剂、眼用软膏、粉末、溶液等也被解释为本发明的范围内。
适于非经口施用的组合物可以包含至少1种作为药品而言可接受的无菌等渗性水性或者非水性溶液、分散液、悬浊液、乳液、或者在即将使用之前可再构成为无菌注射用溶液或分散液的无菌粉末。
本说明书中所使用的术语“盐”包含由无机和/或有机的酸及碱形成的酸和/或碱盐。在本说明书中使用时,术语“药学上可接受的盐”是指:在确切的医学判断的范围内,不伴有过度的毒性、刺激、过敏反应和/或同样的事项而适合与受试体的组织接触来使用,在正当的效果/风险比方面已取得均衡的盐。药学上可接受的盐在现有技术中已经广为人知。例如,在Berge et al.,J.Pharmaceutical Sciences(1977)66:1-19中对药学上可接受的盐详细地进行了说明。
药学上可接受的盐可由无机酸或有机酸来生成。适当的无机酸的非限定例包含盐酸、氢溴酸、磷酸、硫酸及高氯酸。适当的有机酸的非限定例包含乙酸、草酸、马来酸、酒石酸、柠檬酸、琥珀酸及丙二酸。适当的作为药品而言可接受的盐的其他非限定例包括己二酸盐、海藻酸盐、抗坏血酸盐、天冬氨酸盐、苯磺酸盐、苯磺酸(besylic acid)盐、苯甲酸盐、硫酸氢盐、硼酸盐、丁酸盐、樟脑酸盐、樟脑磺酸盐、柠檬酸盐、环戊烷丙酸盐、二葡萄糖酸盐、十二烷基硫酸盐、乙磺酸盐、甲酸盐、富马酸盐、葡庚糖酸盐、甘油磷酸盐、葡萄糖酸盐、半硫酸盐、庚酸盐、己酸盐、氢碘酸盐、2-羟基-乙磺酸盐、乳糖酸盐、乳酸盐、月桂酸盐、月桂基硫酸盐、苹果酸盐、马来酸盐、丙二酸盐、甲磺酸盐、2-萘磺酸盐、烟酸盐、硝酸盐、油酸盐、草酸盐、棕榈酸盐、帕莫酸盐(pamoic acid salt)、果胶酯酸盐、过硫酸盐、3-苯基丙酸盐、磷酸盐、苦味酸盐、新戊酸盐、丙酸盐、硬脂酸盐、琥珀酸盐、硫酸盐、酒石酸盐、硫氰酸盐、对甲苯磺酸盐、十一烷酸盐及戊酸盐。在一些实施方式中,可生成盐的有机酸例如包括乙酸、丙酸、乙醇酸、丙酮酸、草酸、乳酸、三氟乙酸、马来酸、丙二酸、琥珀酸、富马酸、酒石酸、柠檬酸、苯甲酸、肉桂酸、扁桃酸、甲磺酸、乙磺酸、对甲苯磺酸及水杨酸。
盐可在分离及纯化所公开的化合物时当场制备、或另外地通过使该化合物分别与适当的碱或酸反应等来制备。由碱得到的作为药品而言可接受的盐的非限定例包括碱金属、碱土金属、铵及N+(C1~4烷基)四盐。适当的碱或碱土金属盐的非限定例包括钠、锂、钾、钙、镁、铁、锌、铜、锰及铝盐。进而,适当的药学上可接受的盐的非限定例根据需要包括非毒性铵、季铵、以及使用卤化物离子、氢氧根离子、羧酸根离子、硫酸根离子、磷酸根离子、硝酸根离子、低级烷基磺酸根离子及芳基磺酸根离子等抗衡离子而形成的胺阳离子。可生成盐的适当的有机碱的非限定例包括伯胺、仲胺、叔胺、包括天然存在的取代胺在内的取代胺、环状胺、以及异丙胺、三甲基胺、二乙基胺、三乙基胺、三丙基胺及乙醇胺那样的碱性离子交换树脂。在特定的实施方式中,作为药品而言可接受的碱加成盐可以从铵、钾、钠、钙及镁盐中进行选择。
在本发明的实施方式中,成为对象的受试者可以为处于癌症发病前、癌症治疗后、癌症发病初期或者癌前状态的患者。或者,成为对象的受试者可以为健康者。在健康者为受试者的情况下,作为预防方法来实施。
作为在本发明中成为对象的癌症,并不受限定,可列举出:食道癌、胃食道结合部癌、肾细胞癌、肺癌、消化器官癌、白血病、淋巴瘤、骨髓瘤、脑癌、胰腺癌、子宫内膜癌、宫颈癌、宫颈鳞状细胞癌(cervical squamous cell cancer)、宫颈腺癌(cervicaladenocarcinoma)、宫颈腺鳞状细胞癌(cervical adenosquamous carcinoma)、前列腺癌、肝癌、膀胱癌、胃食道腺癌、软骨肉瘤、结肠直肠腺癌、结肠直肠癌、乳腺癌、肾细胞癌、卵巢癌、头颈癌、黑色素瘤、胃腺癌、肉瘤、泌尿生殖器癌、妇科癌、及肾上腺皮质癌等。在特定的实施方式中,癌症为肺癌。在特定的实施方式中,癌症为结肠直肠癌。在特定的实施方式中,癌症为结肠直肠腺癌。在特定的实施方式中,癌症为黑色素瘤。在特定的实施方式中,癌症为乳腺癌。在特定的实施方式中,癌症为膀胱癌。在特定的实施方式中,癌症为肾细胞癌。在特定的实施方式中,癌症为胰腺癌。在特定的实施方式中,癌症为子宫内膜癌。在特定的实施方式中,癌症为宫颈癌。在特定的实施方式中,癌症为宫颈鳞状细胞癌。在特定的实施方式中,癌症为宫颈腺癌。在特定的实施方式中,癌症为宫颈腺鳞状细胞癌。在特定的实施方式中,癌可以为无法切除。在特定的实施方式中,癌可以为进展性。在特定的实施方式中,癌可以为难治性。在特定的实施方式中,癌可以为复发性。在特定的实施方式中,癌可以为转移性。在本发明的各种实施方式中,成为对象的癌症可以包含普通的癌症、进展度相对缓慢的癌症(例如对免疫系统敏感性低的癌症)、口腔鳞状细胞癌、宫颈癌、宫颈鳞状细胞癌、宫颈腺癌、宫颈腺鳞状细胞癌、CD8阳性T细胞难以显示出效果的MHC class I阴性癌、免疫检查点抑制剂抵抗性的癌等。癌症患者是指罹患上述“癌症”的患者。在一个实施方式中,本发明中成为对象的疾病、障碍或症状包含黑色素瘤。
作为在本发明中成为对象的感染症,并不受限定,可列举出:细菌感染症、真菌感染症、寄生性原虫感染症、寄生性蠕虫感染症、病毒感染症等。作为细菌感染症,可列举出:由链球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、表皮葡萄球菌、肠球菌、李斯特菌(Listeria)、脑膜炎球菌(Neisseria meningitidis)、淋球菌、病原性大肠杆菌、克雷伯氏杆菌、变形杆菌、百日咳杆菌、绿脓杆菌、沙雷氏菌、柠檬酸杆菌、不动杆菌、肠杆菌、支原体、梭菌、立克次氏体、衣原体等各种细菌引起的感染症;结核、非结核性抗酸菌症、霍乱、鼠疫、白喉、痢疾、猩红热、炭疽、梅毒、破伤风、麻风病(Hansen's disease)、军团菌肺炎、钩端螺旋体病、莱姆病(Lymedisease)、兔热病、Q热。作为真菌感染症,可列举出:曲霉病(aspergillosis)、念珠菌病、隐球菌病、毛癣菌病、组织胞浆菌病、卡氏肺孢子菌肺炎(卡氏肺囊虫肺炎)。作为寄生性原虫感染症,可列举出:阿米巴痢疾、疟疾、弓形虫病、利什曼病(leishmaniasis)、隐孢子虫病。作为寄生性蠕虫感染症,可列举出:包虫症(echinococcosis)、日本血吸虫病、丝虫病、蛔虫病、阔节裂头绦虫病。作为病毒感染症,可列举出:流行性感冒、病毒性肝炎、病毒性脑膜炎、病毒性胃肠炎、病毒性结膜炎、后天性免疫缺陷综合征(AIDS)、成人T细胞白血病、埃博拉出血热、黄热病、感冒综合征、狂犬病、巨细胞病毒感染症、严重急性呼吸综合征(SARS)、中东呼吸综合征(MERS)、进行性多灶性白质脑病、水痘·带状疱疹、单纯疱疹、手足口病、登革热、日本脑炎、传染性红斑、传染性单核细胞增多症、天花、风疹、急性脊髓前角灰质炎(polio)、麻疹、咽结膜热(游泳池热)、马尔堡出血热(Marburg hemorrhagic fever)、肾综合征出血热、拉萨热、流行性腮腺炎、西尼罗河热、疱疹性咽峡炎、奇昆古尼亚热(chikungunya fever)。在特定的实施方式中,感染症为细菌感染症。在特定的实施方式中,感染症为真菌感染症。在特定的实施方式中,感染症为寄生性原虫感染症。在特定的实施方式中,感染症为寄生性蠕虫感染症。在特定的实施方式中,感染症为病毒感染症。
(用法·用量)
本发明中的(药物)组成物、或组合物可以以各种适当的用法用量施用,本领域技术人员可参照本说明书的记载适当地以合适的用法用量施用。例如,可以从治疗开始至对肿瘤奏效为止以高频率施用、且对肿瘤奏效后以低频率施用。例如,本发明中的(药物)组成物、或组合物可从治疗开始到对肿瘤奏效为止以1周1次、1周2次、1周3次或隔天、或者它们的组合或者适宜的改变形式来施用,且对肿瘤奏效后以2周1次、3周1次、或4周1次的频率、更低的频率、或者它们的组合或者适宜的改变形态来施用。作为更详细的施用方法,可利用本领域技术人员已知的准则,例如依据最新的RECIST guideline的Complete Response(CR)或Partial Response(PR),或依据iRECIST guideline的iCR或iPR等或它们的适宜的改变形态。
在另一例示性实施方式中,本发明中的(药物)组成物、或组合物可按照疗程治疗来施用。例如,在3周的期间以1周1次施用,且停药1周,合计4周作为1个疗程来施用。作为另一施用方法的例子,在7周的期间以1周1次施用,且停药1周,合计8周作为1个疗程来施用。
在上述施用方法中,(药物)组成物、或组合物可利用任意施用方法,在例示性实施方式中,可通过皮下施用来施用。施用部位不受限定,例如可以在上臂等特定的部位施用。
在本发明中,提取物Z可在制造后稀释成1倍~50,000倍后来使用。例如,提取物Z可在利用糖含量为1.8mg/mL~2.2mg/mL的原液制备后,以1次施用量成为0.2μg/mL~2mg/mL的方式稀释后施用,可以以优选成为0.2μg/mL~200μg/mL、更优选成为0.2μg/mL~40μg/mL的方式稀释后施用。关于这些量,例如,以稀释量计,作为下限,可以为0.1μg/mL、0.2μg/mL、0.3μg/mL、0.5μg/mL、1μg/mL、2μg/mL、3μg/mL、5μg/mL、10μg/mL,作为上限,可以为10μg/mL、20μg/mL、30μg/mL、50μg/mL、100μg/mL、200μg/mL、300μg/mL、500μg/mL、1mg/mL、2mg/mL、3mg/mL、5mg/mL、10mg/mL等,上限与下限可以为任意组合,或它们之间的任意值的组合。
在非限定性的例示性实施方式中,作为更具体的施用方法、及施用量,可列举出例如以下内容。
(1)
·可以从放射线治疗开始日以后至放射线治疗结束日(以8周为限)为止,以1次1mL、1天1次、1周2次皮下施用按D-阿拉伯糖换算计为20μg/mL的提取物Z原液。
(2)
·最初3年可以以1次1mL、隔天(或1周3次)交替地皮下施用A液(按D-阿拉伯糖换算计为2μg/mL的提取物Z原液)及B液(按D-阿拉伯糖换算计为0.2μg/mL的提取物Z原液)。如果没有复发及转移,则接下来的两年可减量至1周2次,如果没有异常,则可以减量至1周1次并适当结束。病变持续期间可以隔天(或1周3次)施用。
(3)
·实施方式C:可以从放射线治疗开始日以后至放射线治疗结束后第28天为止以1次1mL、1天1次、1周2次(间隔3天~4天)向上臂皮下施用按D-阿拉伯糖换算计为0.2μg/mL的提取物Z原液。然后,可以以1次1mL、1天1次、2周1次向上臂皮下施用按D-阿拉伯糖换算计为0.2μg/mL的提取物Z原液,直至确认到恶化·复发·转移。
·实施方式D:可以从放射线治疗开始日以后至放射线治疗结束后第28天为止以1次1mL、1天1次、1周2次(间隔3天~4天)向上臂皮下施用按D-阿拉伯糖换算计为0.2μg/mL、2μg/mL、或20μg/mL的提取物Z原液。然后,可以以1次1mL、1天1次、2周1次向上臂皮下施用按D-阿拉伯糖换算计为0.2μg/mL、2μg/mL、或20μg/mL的提取物Z原液,直至确认到恶化·复发·转移。
·实施方式E:可以从放射线治疗开始日以后至放射线治疗结束后第28天为止以1次1mL、1天1次、1周2次(间隔3天~4天)向上臂皮下施用按D-阿拉伯糖换算计为0.2μg/mL的提取物Z原液。然后,可以以1次1mL、1天1次、2周1次向上臂皮下施用按D-阿拉伯糖换算计为0.2μg/mL的提取物Z原液,直至确认到恶化·复发·转移。
·实施方式F
作为以健康成人为对象的情形的预防性治疗的例子,可列举出以下内容。
·(间歇施用组)可以将施用开始日作为第1天,至第13天为止的13天期间,以1天1次、每隔2天向上臂皮下施用按D-阿拉伯糖换算计为0.02μg/mL、0.2μg/mL、2μg/mL、或40μg/mL的提取物Z原液(施用计5次)。
·(连日施用组)可以将施用开始日作为第1天,至第13天为止的13天期间,以1天1次、每天向上臂皮下施用按D-阿拉伯糖换算计为0.02μg/mL、0.2μg/mL、2μg/mL、或40μg/mL的提取物Z原液。
·实施方式G:可以从放射线治疗开始日以后至放射线治疗结束后第28天为止,以1次1mL、1天1次、1周2次(间隔3天~4天)向上臂皮下施用按D-阿拉伯糖换算计为0.2μg/mL、或40μg/mL的提取物Z原液。然后,可以2年以上或至确认到恶化·复发·转移为止,以1次1mL、1天1次、2周1次向上臂皮下施用按D-阿拉伯糖换算计为0.2μg/mL、或40μg/mL的提取物Z原液。
·实施方式H:可以从放射线治疗开始日以后至放射线治疗结束日为止,以1次1mL、1天1次、1周2次(间隔3天~4天)向上臂皮下施用按D-阿拉伯糖换算计为2μg/mL、20μg/mL、或40μg/mL的提取物Z原液。然后,可以1年以上或至确认到恶化·复发·转移为止,以1次1mL、1天1次、2周1次向上臂皮下施用按D-阿拉伯糖换算计为2μg/mL、20μg/mL、或40μg/mL的提取物Z原液。
在本说明书中,“或”在可以采用文章中所列举的事项的“至少一项以上”时使用。“或者”也同样。在本说明书中明确记载为“两个值的范围内”的情况下,其范围也包括两个值本身。
在本说明书中所引用的科学文献、专利、专利申请等参考文献其全部内容作为参考以与各自具体记载的情况同程度地援用于本说明书中。
以上,为了便于理解而示出优选的实施方式来说明本发明。以下,基于实施例来说明本发明,但是,上述的说明及以下的实施例仅以例示的目的来提供,并不以限定本发明的目的来提供。因此,本发明的范围并不限定于本说明书中具体记载的实施方式和实施例,而仅受到权利要求书的限定。
实施例
以下记载实施例。在必要的情况下,以下的实施例中使用的动物的处理在必要时遵守相关的伦理基准或准则,并基于赫尔辛基宣言(Declaration of Helsinki)来进行。试剂类具体使用了实施例中记载的产品,但也可以由其他制造商(Sigma-Aldrich、和光纯药、Nacalai、R&D Systems、USCN Life Science INC等)的同等品来代替。
以下的实施例中使用的抗体及染色试剂的制造商及商品目录编号如下所述。
CD80(Miltenyi Biotec株式会社,商品目录编号130-102-372)
CD86(Miltenyi Biotec株式会社,商品目录编号130-102-506)
CD11b(Miltenyi Biotec株式会社,商品目录编号130-113-811)
CD11c(Miltenyi Biotec株式会社,商品目录编号130-122-016)
CD45(Miltenyi Biotec株式会社,商品目录编号130-119-130)
CD4(Miltenyi Biotec株式会社,商品目录编号130-123-899)
CD8(Life Technologies Corporation,商品目录编号25-0081-82)
TCRβ(BioLegend Incorporated,商品目录编号109220)
NK(抗CD49b抗体;Miltenyi Biotec株式会社,商品目录编号130-102-258)
MHC class II(Miltenyi Biotec株式会社,商品目录编号130-123-785)
PD-L1(抗CD274抗体;Life Technologies Corporation,商品目录编号12-5982-81)
PI(Propidium Iodide Solution;死细胞标志物;Miltenyi Biotec株式会社,商品目录编号130-093-233)
CD28(Miltenyi Biotec株式会社,商品目录编号130-111-973)
CD62L(Miltenyi Biotec株式会社,商品目录编号130-102-543)
CD44(Miltenyi Biotec株式会社,商品目录编号130-102-511)
Treg(CD25+CD4+FoxP3+)(Miltenyi Biotec株式会社,商品目录编号130-120-674)
Zombie Green(细胞内染色用死细胞标志物)(BioLegend Incorporated,商品目录编号423111)
(制造例:提取物Z)
如下操作来制造本实施例中所使用的提取物Z。
将经冻结干燥保存(-20℃)的人型结核杆菌青山B株(Mycobacteriumtuberculosis strain Aoyama B)在苏通马铃薯培养基(Sauton potato medium)(1)中于37±1℃下进行种菌培养。
将这种菌培养菌移植至制造用培养基(2)中,在37±1℃下培养5周~7周(主培养),将所得到的菌体用注射用水洗涤后,添加该湿菌体重量的20倍量的注射用水,在100℃加热120分钟,得到提取液。将该提取液用0.45μm的膜滤器过滤后,进行减压浓缩以使糖含量(以基于苯酚-硫酸法的D-阿拉伯糖换算)达到4.0mg/mL~6.0mg/mL,制成浓缩液。接着,出于除蛋白的目的,在该浓缩液中添加1W/V%的磺基水杨酸,在10℃以下放置15分钟~20分钟后,将析出物进行离心去除(10℃以下,1150×G,10分钟),回收上清液。该上清液的蛋白质浓度为0.30mg/mL(Lowry法、以酪氨酸换算)以下。进而,对上清液去除磺基水杨酸直至使其达到检测限以下(l0ppm以下,氯化铁溶液法)。将该溶液减压浓缩以使糖含量达到1.8mg/mL~2.2mg/mL,向其中添加氯化钠(0.9W/V%)及与该浓缩物等容量的冷乙醇,在10℃以下放置40小时以上后,将析出物(高分子区域的多糖体)离心去除(10℃以下,2040×G,10分钟)。接着,向该上清液中添加4倍量的冷乙醇,在10℃以下放置40小时以上后,通过离心分离(10℃以下,2040×G,10分钟)回收沉淀物。将该沉淀物溶解于注射用水中,将糖含量调节为1.8mg/mL~2.2mg/mL后,用0.45μm膜滤器过滤并进行高压蒸汽灭菌(121℃,20分钟),制成提取物Z液。
(1):苏通马铃薯培养基
将洗净的马铃薯片浸渍于苏通培养基中,在115℃灭菌15分钟后,用作苏通马铃薯培养基。
苏通培养基
将以上成分溶解于水中而使其成为1000mL。pH值用氢氧化钠溶液调节至7.0~7.3。
(2):制造用培养基
将以上成分溶解于水中而使其成为1000mL,进行高压蒸汽灭菌(121℃、20分钟)。pH值用氢氧化钠溶液调节至7.0~7.3。
所得到的提取物Z液的物理化学性质如下所述。
(1)外观
淡黄色澄清液体
(2)pH值
4.50~5.30
(3)蛋白含量
在冻结干燥品中为3.5重量%(以氨基酸计)
(4)核酸含量
在冻结干燥品中为0.1重量%
(5)多糖体的主要构成单糖
甘露糖43.4重量%、阿拉伯糖18.2重量%、葡萄糖10.4重量%。(用2N三氟乙酸在100℃下水解2小时后,通过利用2-氰基乙酰胺荧光衍生物的液相色谱法进行测定(S.Honda,et al,Anal.Chem.,52,1079(1980))
通过上述制造例中记载的方法制备的提取物Z液可在使用之前适当稀释来使用,在以下的实施例中,稀释成1倍~50,000倍,调节为适当浓度来使用。
(实施例1:包含免疫佐剂(例如结核提取物相关物质)、没有其他治疗选择的肿瘤突变负荷高(Tumor Mutational Burdenhigh)及CD8+T细胞低的无法手术或转移的实体癌的治疗或预防的例子)
在本实施例中,示出包含免疫佐剂、没有其他治疗选择的肿瘤突变负荷高(TumorMutational Burdenhigh)及CD8+T细胞低的无法手术或转移的实体癌的治疗或预防的实证。
对于患有实体癌、没有现有治疗选择、肿瘤突变负荷高(Tumor MutationalBurdenhigh)且CD8+T细胞入侵低(CD8+T Cell invasionlow)的患者组,施用生理盐水或提取物Z。与生理盐水或提取物Z同时或不同时施用免疫检查点抑制剂(例如帕博利珠单抗)。之后,测量患者组的PFS(Progression-Free Survival,无进展生存期)及OS(Overall Survival,总生存期)、ORR(Objective Response Rate,客观缓解率)。
(实施例2:免疫佐剂的增强CXCL10产生的例子)
在本实施例中,证实本发明的制剂的增强CXCL10产生。
从C3H/HeJ小鼠(雄性)采集来源于骨髓的细胞,将所采集的来源于骨髓的细胞以4×106/plate(培养板)培养6天(在20ng/mL GM-CSF、20ng/mL IL-4存在下)。采集培养后的来源于骨髓的细胞,以2×105/well(孔)进行接种,以0.4μg/mL、0.8μg/mL、1.6μg/mL及3.2μg/mL的提取物Z、及TLR2配体(Pam3csk4,热灭活结核杆菌(Heat-killed Mycobacteriumtuberculosis))进行刺激。回收刺激6小时后的培养上清液,通过ELISA法来测定CXCL10浓度。
将结果示于图1中。随着用于刺激的提取物Z的浓度增大,可确认培养上清液中的CXCL10浓度的增大。因此,可确认提取物Z具有增强CXCL10产生的作用。
(实施例3:利用免疫佐剂的显示出CXCL10阳性的癌或肿瘤的治疗例)[CXCL10阳性]
对癌细胞的皮下移植模型施用免疫佐剂来确认抗肿瘤效果或寿命延长效果。对于可确认到抗肿瘤效果或寿命延长效果的皮下移植模型,采集其肿瘤,调查肿瘤的CXCL10基因表达量,确认其表达量高。
[CXCR3阳性]
对癌细胞的皮下移植模型施用免疫佐剂来确认抗肿瘤效果或寿命延长效果。对于可确认到抗肿瘤效果或寿命延长效果的皮下移植模型,采集其肿瘤,通过流式细胞仪或免疫染色来调查肿瘤的CXCL3阳性细胞,确认阳性细胞率高。
(实施例4:促进CD8+T细胞向肿瘤内浸润的效果的例子)
在本实施例中,示出本发明的制剂的促进CD8+T细胞向肿瘤内浸润的效果。
对C3H/HeN小鼠的右腹股沟部1天1次皮下施用1mg/kg的生理盐水或提取物Z(各组40只)。在生理盐水或提取物Z施用开始后第29天,腹侧皮下注入1×106个口腔鳞状细胞癌Sq-1979细胞。从Sq-1979细胞的移入起7天后采集肿瘤,每5只合并为一组,通过流式细胞仪进行测定。
[使用抗体及试剂]
针对CD45的抗体
针对CD8的抗体
针对TCRβ链的抗体
PI(死细胞标志物)
(结果)
将结果示于图2中。通过施用提取物Z而使肿瘤内的CD8+T细胞增加。另一方面,由于提取物Z的作用为非特异性免疫激活,因此浸润至肿瘤内的CD8+T细胞既包含具有抗肿瘤效果的细胞,也包含表达CTLA-4且抑制抗肿瘤效果的细胞。
(实施例5:提取物Z与其他抗癌剂的组合协同效果(1))
对于患有非小细胞肺癌、没有现有治疗选择的EGFR突变阳性且EGFR-TKI不耐受·难治性的患者组,施用生理盐水或提取物Z。与生理盐水或提取物Z同时或不同时实施免疫检查点抑制剂的施用及姑息性放射线疗法。之后,测量患者组的PFS(Progression-FreeSurvival,无进展生存期)及OS(Overall Survival,总生存期)、ORR(Objective ResponseRate,客观缓解率)。
(实施例6:示出通过施用提取物Z得到的肿瘤浸润细胞的比率的例子)
在本实施例中,示出通过施用本发明的制剂得到的肿瘤浸润细胞的比率分析。
对C3H/HeN小鼠的右腹股沟部1天1次持续35天反复皮下施用1mg/kg的生理盐水或提取物Z(各组20只)。在表1中,在生理盐水或提取物Z施用开始后第29天,腹侧皮下注入1×106个口腔鳞状细胞癌Sq-1979细胞,在生理盐水或提取物Z施用开始后第28天、第31天、第34天,腹腔内注入200μg/body的抗PD-1抗体(表1)。在表2中,在生理盐水或提取物Z施用开始后第29天,腹侧皮下注入1×106个口腔鳞状细胞癌Sq-1979细胞,在生理盐水或提取物Z施用开始后第28天、第31天、第34天,腹腔内注入200μg/body的抗PD-1抗体或对照抗体。
在生理盐水或提取物Z施用开始后第36天,采集肿瘤及淋巴结,每5只合并为一组,使用流式细胞仪进行测定。
[使用抗体及试剂]
针对CD45、CD4、CD8、TCR(T细胞受体)的抗体
针对NK、MHC class II、PD-L1的抗体
PI(死细胞标志物)
(结果)
将结果示于表1及表2中。在肿瘤浸润细胞中,CD8+T细胞在生理盐水的施用组中为4.34%,与此相对,在提取物Z的施用组中为10.43%(表1)。由该结果显示出:通过施用提取物Z,诱导了CD8+T细胞向肿瘤浸润。CD8+T/CD45+细胞在生理盐水的施用组中为4.82%,与此相对,在提取物Z的施用组中为10.54%。进而,在仅抗PD-1抗体的施用组中为3.91%,与此相对,在提取物Z与抗PD-1抗体这两者的施用组中为11.58%(表2)。
[表1]
表1
以5只合并为一组时设为n=1,计n=4
**:p<0.01(Aspin-Welch t-test)
[表2]
表2
以5只合并为一组时设为N=1,计N=4
*:p<0.05,***:p<0.001(student’s t-test)
(实施例7:示出通过施用提取物Z得到的淋巴结中的抗原呈递细胞标志物的比率的例子)
在本实施例中,示出通过施用本发明的制剂得到的淋巴结中的抗原呈递细胞标志物的比率分析。
对C3H/HeN小鼠的右腹股沟部1天1次持续35天反复皮下施用1mg/kg的生理盐水或提取物Z(各组20只)。在生理盐水或提取物Z施用开始后第29天,腹侧皮下注入1×106个口腔鳞状细胞癌Sq-1979细胞,在生理盐水或提取物Z施用开始后第28天、第31天、第34天,腹腔内注入200μg/body的抗PD-1抗体或对照抗体。
在生理盐水或提取物Z施用开始后第36天,采集肿瘤及淋巴结,每5只合并为一组,使用流式细胞仪进行测定。
[使用抗体及试剂]
针对CD45、CD80、CD86、CD11b、CD11c、MHC class II、PD-L1的抗体PI(死细胞标志物)
(结果)
将结果示于表3及表4中。在淋巴结中的抗原呈递细胞标志物中,CD80+/MHC classII细胞在生理盐水的施用组中为6.09%,与此相对,在提取物Z的施用组中为8.38%(表3)。由该结果显示出:通过施用提取物Z,增强了CD80+的表达。CD80+/MHC class II细胞在抗PD-1抗体的施用组中为6.08%,与此相对,在提取物Z与抗PD-1抗体这两者的施用组中为6.89%(表4)。因此,发现了如下倾向:通过施用提取物Z,诱导了CD80+细胞的表达。由这些结果探讨出如下可能性:CD80+细胞的表达并非提取物Z与抗PD-1抗体的叠加协同效果,而是提取物Z单独的效果。
[表3]
表3
以5只合并为一组时设为n=1,计n=4
*:p<0.05(Aspin-Welch t-test)
[表4]
表4
以5只合并为一组时设为N=1,计N=4
(实施例8:示出通过施用提取物Z得到的淋巴结中的主要细胞的比率的例子)
在本实施例中,示出通过施用本发明的制剂得到的淋巴结中的主要细胞的比率分析。
对C3H/HeN小鼠的右腹股沟部1天1次持续35天反复皮下施用1mg/kg的生理盐水或提取物Z(各组20只)。在生理盐水或提取物Z施用开始后第29天,腹侧皮下注入1×106个口腔鳞状细胞癌Sq-1979细胞,在生理盐水或提取物Z施用开始后第28天、第31天、第34天,腹腔内注入200μg/body的抗PD-1抗体或对照抗体。
在生理盐水或提取物Z施用开始后第36天,采集淋巴结,每5只合并为一组,使用流式细胞仪进行测定。
[使用抗体及试剂]
针对CD45、CD4、CD8、TCR(T细胞受体)的抗体
针对NK、MHC class II、PD-L1的抗体
PI(死细胞标志物)
(结果)
将结果示于表5中。在淋巴结中的主要细胞中,CD8+T细胞在生理盐水的施用组中为20.70%,与此相对,在提取物Z的施用组中为22.38%。进而,CD8+T细胞在抗PD-1抗体单独施用组中为21.55%,与此相对,在提取物Z与抗PD-1抗体这两者的施用组中为23.56%。由这些结果显示出:通过施用提取物Z,增强了CD8+T细胞向淋巴结的集聚。
[表5]
表5
以5只合并为一组时设为n=1,计n=4
*:p<0.05,**:p<0.01(student’s t-test)
(实施例10:示出通过施用提取物Z得到的淋巴结中的CD8T细胞活化标志物的比率的例子)
在本实施例中,示出通过施用本发明的制剂得到的淋巴结中的CD8T细胞活化标志物的比率分析。
对C3H/HeN小鼠的右腹股沟部1天1次持续35天反复皮下施用1mg/kg的生理盐水或提取物Z(各组20只)。在生理盐水或提取物Z施用开始后第29天,腹侧皮下注入1×106个口腔鳞状细胞癌Sq-1979细胞,在生理盐水或提取物Z施用开始后第28天、第31天、第34天,腹腔内注入200μg/body的抗PD-1抗体或对照抗体。
在生理盐水或提取物Z施用开始后第36天,采集淋巴结,每5只合并为一组,使用流式细胞仪进行测定。
[使用抗体及试剂]
针对CD45、CD4、CD8、CD28、CD62L、CD44、TCR(T细胞受体)的抗体
PI(死细胞标志物)
(结果)
将结果示于表6中。在淋巴结中的CD8T细胞中,效应记忆CD8+T细胞在生理盐水的施用组中为6.16%,与此相对,在提取物Z的施用组中为8.38%。进而,效应记忆CD8+T细胞在抗PD-1抗体单独施用组中为5.37%,与此相对,在抗PD-1抗体与提取物Z这两者的施用组中为7.97%。由该结果显示出:通过施用提取物Z,诱导了效应记忆CD8+T细胞。
[表6]
表6
以5只合并为一组时设为N=1,计N=4
**:p<0.01(student’s t-test)
(实施例11:提取物Z与免疫检查点抑制剂并用的效果)
在本实施例中,对小鼠肿瘤模型施用提取物Z与抗CTLA-4抗体,确认抗肿瘤效果或寿命延长效果协同地上升。
从小鼠中采集脾脏细胞或淋巴结,将免疫细胞分离并添加提取物Z及CTLA-4抗体。提取物Z通过以体外(In vitro)的方式添加而显示出IFN-γ产生作用(T细胞活化作用),因此确认是否因并用CTLA-4抗体而使该IFN-γ产生协同地增加。
(实施例12:示出通过施用提取物Z而使肿瘤内的CD8+T细胞增加的例子)
在本实施例中,确认通过施用提取物Z而出现的肿瘤浸润CD8+T细胞的CTLA-4表达。
确认通过施用提取物Z不仅促进整体的CD8+T细胞的浸润,而且还促进抑制抗肿瘤效果的CTLA-4+CD8+T细胞的浸润。
(实施例13:上述免疫佐剂与其他药物(不限定于免疫检查点抑制剂)组合施用的例子)
对于患有头颈癌(口腔·中咽部·下咽部·喉头)且适应化学放射线疗法的阶段的患者组,施用生理盐水或提取物Z。与生理盐水或提取物Z同时或不同时实施铂制剂(顺铂或卡铂)的施用及根治性放射线照射。之后,测量患者组的PFS(Progression-FreeSurvival,无进展生存期)及OS(Overall Survival,总生存期)、ORR(Objective ResponseRate,客观缓解率)。
(实施例14:针对宫颈癌的结核杆菌热水提取物与化学放射线治疗的临床试验例)
对于患有宫颈癌且适应化学放射线疗法的阶段的患者组,施用生理盐水或提取物Z。与生理盐水或提取物Z同时或不同时实施铂制剂(顺铂或卡铂)的施用及根治性放射线照射。之后,测量患者组的免疫参数(CD11c、CD14、CD16、CD19、CD24、CD27、CD38、CD80、CD86、CD123、CD138、CCR5、CCR7、CXCR3、HLA-DR、CD3、CD4、CD8、CD45RA、CD56、CD69、CD159a、CTLA-4、NKp46、PD-1、IFNγ、TNFα、穿孔素(perforin)、粒酶B(granzyme B)、IL4、FoxP3、IL17A、Ki67、CXCL9、CXCL10、IL10、IL12p70)以及PFS(Progression-Free Survival,无进展生存期)、OS(Overall Survival,总生存期)、ORR(Objective Response Rate,客观缓解率)。
(注释)
综上所述,使用本发明的优选实施方式来例示了本发明,但是可理解为本发明应当仅通过权利要求书来解释其范围。在本说明书中引用的专利、专利申请及其他文献可理解为与其内容本身被具体记载于本说明书的情况同样地援引该内容作为针对本说明书的参考。本申请对在2020年10月9日向日本专利局申请的日本特愿2020-171491及在2020年12月25日向日本专利局申请的日本特愿2020-217698主张优先权,可理解为其全部内容均作为针对本说明书的参考而援引于本文中。
产业上的可利用性
针对癌症等疾病,本发明提供基于以往所没有的机制进行预防和治疗的方法。
Claims (18)
1.一种用于激活CXCL10产生的组成物,其中,包含免疫佐剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的组成物,其中,所述激活CXCL10产生是在包含来源于骨髓的细胞的细胞中进行的。
3.根据权利要求1所述的组成物,其中,所述激活CXCL10产生是在抗原呈递细胞中进行的。
4.根据权利要求1所述的组成物,其中,所述激活CXCL10产生是在淋巴结中进行的。
5.一种用于处置显示出CXCL10阳性的癌或肿瘤的组成物,其中,包含免疫佐剂。
6.一种用于促进CXCR3阳性细胞向癌或肿瘤浸润的组成物,其中,包含免疫佐剂。
7.一种用于促进CD8阳性T细胞向癌或肿瘤内浸润的组成物,其中,包含免疫佐剂。
8.一种用于在淋巴结中激活免疫细胞的组成物,其中,包含免疫佐剂。
9.一种用于促进CD8阳性T细胞向淋巴结浸润的组成物,其中,包含免疫佐剂。
10.根据权利要求9所述的组成物,其中,所述CD8阳性T细胞为效应记忆CD8+T细胞。
11.一种药物组成物,其中,包含免疫佐剂,
其特征在于,所述药物组成物与抗癌剂或者其他治疗癌症或肿瘤的技术一起使用。
12.一种组合药物,其为抗癌剂或者其他治疗癌症或肿瘤的技术与免疫佐剂的组合药物。
13.根据权利要求11所述的药物组成物或权利要求12所述的组合药物,其用于治疗经现有治疗无效的患者。
14.根据权利要求11所述的药物组成物或权利要求12所述的组合药物,其中,包含免疫佐剂,用于治疗或预防没有其他治疗选择的肿瘤突变负荷高及CD8+T细胞低的无法手术或转移的实体癌。
15.根据权利要求1~14中任一项所述的组成物、药物组成物或组合药物,其中,所述免疫佐剂包含结核杆菌提取物或其一部分。
16.根据权利要求14所述的组成物、药物组成物或组合药物,其中,所述免疫佐剂包含人型结核杆菌热水提取物。
17.一种药物组成物或组合药物,其为包含免疫佐剂、用于治疗或预防没有其他治疗选择的肿瘤突变负荷高及CD8+T细胞低的无法手术或转移的实体癌的、权利要求11所述的药物组成物或权利要求12所述的组合药物,其中,该免疫佐剂包含结核杆菌提取物或其一部分。
18.根据权利要求16所述的药物组成物或组合药物,其中,所述免疫佐剂包含人型结核杆菌热水提取物。
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JPS568320A (en) * | 1979-07-04 | 1981-01-28 | Chisato Maruyama | Drug for tumor immunotherapy comprising lipopolysaccharide as active constituent |
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