CN116315424A - 一种uio-66-nh2交联细菌纤维素锂离子电池隔膜的方法 - Google Patents
一种uio-66-nh2交联细菌纤维素锂离子电池隔膜的方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明为一种UIO‑66‑NH2交联细菌纤维素锂离子电池隔膜的方法。该方法包括如下步骤:将细菌纤维素溶液与环氧氯丙烷在60‑80℃下搅拌3‑5h,然后加入UIO‑66‑NH2溶液,继续搅拌3‑5h,再在80℃真空干燥12‑18h,即可得到BC/UIO‑66‑NH2复合隔膜。本发明得到的均匀多孔的BC/UIO‑66‑NH2复合隔膜,两种材料的结合使隔膜兼具热稳定性和对电解液的良好浸润性,将此复合多孔膜用作锂离子电池隔膜,提高了电池的电化学性能。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及锂离子电池隔膜的材料,属于高分子材料制备的技术领域;本发明同时涉及该隔膜材料在锂离子电池中对电池的电化学性能的研究,属于电化学检测技术领域。
背景技术
锂离子电池具有能量密度高、寿命长、安全性好等优点,被广泛应用于交通工具、航空航天、人造卫星、数码产品和大规模的能量存储设备中。作为锂离子电池的核心材料之一,隔膜位于正负极之间,不仅可以避免两极因接触而短路,还可以传输锂离子,保障锂离子电池的安全。隔膜是一种微孔膜,从安全性和高性能出发,它不仅要有优良的热稳定性、化学稳定性、高的离子电导率和机械性能,而且要有适当的孔径和孔隙率,不与电极材料、电解质发生反应。
细菌纤维素(BC)是由微生物发酵合成的多孔性网状纳米级生物高分子聚合物,因其由细菌合成而命名为细菌纤维素。它由独特的丝状纤维组成,纤维直径在0.01~0.10μm之间,比植物纤维素(10μm)小2~3个数量级,每一丝状纤维由一定数量的超微纤维组成网状结构,与植物纤维素的主要差别在于其不含有半纤维素、木质素等。Hu和Kan(A flame-retardant,high ionic-conductivity and eco-friendly separator prepared bypapermaking method for high-performance and superior safety lithium-ionbatteries[J].Energy Storage Materials,2022,48:123-132.)向细菌纤维素中加入了凹凸棒石和具有阻燃性能的聚磷酸铵(APP),采用传统造纸工艺设计了一种成本低、性能优异的环保型细菌纤维素-凹凸棒石复合隔膜(BA@ATP)。Sun和Zhang(Safety and cyclingstability enhancement of cellulose paper-based lithium-ion battery separatorby aramid nanofibers[J].2022:171:111222.)将纤维素纳米纤维和具有高热稳定性的芳纶纳米纤维结合,运用造纸工艺制备了CFs/ANF复合隔膜;但由于细菌纤维素存在大量氢键原因,该材料存在着成膜之后孔径分布不均匀,降解周期过长的局限。
发明内容
本发明目的为针对目前聚烯烃隔膜电解液浸润性差,在高温下尺寸收缩严重,锂离子迁移数低,影响LIBs安全和性能的问题,开发了一种BC和UIO-66-NH2复合隔膜的制备方法。该方法将细菌纤维素与UIO-66-NH2通过环氧氯丙烷交联,在破坏细菌纤维素氢键的同时引入了UIO-66-NH2,从而使隔膜的孔径变均匀,UIO-66-NH2中的-NH2在隔膜降解过程中为微生物提供了氮源,加速了隔膜的降解。本发明得到的均匀多孔的BC/UIO-66-NH2复合隔膜,两种材料的结合使隔膜兼具热稳定性和对电解液的良好浸润性,将此复合多孔膜用作锂离子电池隔膜,提高了电池的电化学性能。
本发明通过以下技术方案予以实现:
一种UIO-66-NH2交联细菌纤维素锂离子电池隔膜的方法,该方法包括如下步骤:
(1)将UIO-66-NH2加入到H2O,搅拌后再在室温下超声0.5-4h,得到UIO-66-NH2溶液;
其中,质量比,UIO-66-NH2:H2O=1:50-100;
(2)将细菌纤维素溶液与环氧氯丙烷在60-80℃下搅拌3-5h,然后加入UIO-66-NH2溶液,继续搅拌3-5h,再在80℃真空干燥12-18h,即可得到BC/UIO-66-NH2复合隔膜。
其中,质量比,UIO-66-NH2:细菌纤维素=1:2~5;每5ml环氧氯丙烷加入40-60ml细菌纤维素溶液;
所述的细菌纤维素溶液的质量百分浓度为0.1~0.5%;
所述方法制备的电池隔膜的应用,用于锂离子电池。
所述的锂离子电池的正极材料为LiCoO2、LiFePO4、LiMn2O4中的一种或多种,负极材料为锂片、石墨、钛酸锂中的一种或多种,电解液的溶质为LiPF6、LiClO4、LiAsF6锂盐中的一种或多种,溶剂为EC、PC、DMC和DEC的一种或多元混合溶剂中。
本发明的有益效果在于:
(1)本发明方法制备的UIO-66-NH2:BC复合隔膜工艺简单,隔膜可降解。大大降低了对于环境的危害
(2)UIO-66-NH2的加入,改善了电池隔膜的润湿性,与商业PP膜相比,锂离子迁移数由0.45提高到了0.62,提升了锂离子电池的电化学性能(在0.2C下循环50圈后,放电比容量由118.5mAh/g提高到了150.2mAh/g)。
附图说明
图1为实施例2制备得到的BC隔膜和BC/UIO-66-NH2复合隔膜的SEM图;
图2为实施例3制备得到的BC隔膜和BC/UIO-66-NH2复合隔膜组装为锂离子电池的循环性能测试图。
图3为实施例4制备得到BC隔膜和BC/UIO-66-NH2复合隔膜分别组装为锂离子电池的界面阻抗谱图;
图4为实施例5制备得到BC隔膜和BC/UIO-66-NH2复合隔膜分别组装为锂离子电池的本体阻抗谱图。
具体实施方法
本发明下述实施例中所使用的正极材料为LiCoO2。
以下对比例1使用的BC(细菌纤维素)膜为公知材料,为多孔膜,厚度为15-20μm,吸液率为185%,孔隙率达56%。其制备采用真空抽滤法,将分散均匀的BC溶液倒入砂芯漏斗中,进行真空抽滤。但不限于此。
对比例1
将BC隔膜经过干燥处理后,用冲片机压成19mm的圆片,组装成CR2032扣式电池(正极选择LiCoO2,负极为锂片,电解液为1M LiPF6的三元碳酸酯溶液),使用LAND系统测试锂电池的恒流充放电循环和倍率性能;组装成不锈钢片/隔膜/不锈钢片,使用型号为Parstat2273的电化学工作站进行EIS阻抗测试计算隔膜的离子电导率。实验结果表明,PMIA隔膜组装的电池的在充放电循环50圈后,容量保留率为89%,界面阻抗为125Ω.本体阻抗为2.4Ω。
本发明涉及的UIO-66-NH2为公知材料,制备方法如下,但不限于此:
将ZrCl4(1.170g)、二氨基对苯二甲酸(1.27g,)、DMF(60.0mL)和HCl(10ml)混合并超声15-30分钟。悬浮液置于聚四氟乙烯内衬的高压釜中,在120℃的烘箱中放置18-24小时。合成后,离心机(10-30分钟)将UIO-66-NH2固体从水中分离出来,并用水、甲醇和丙酮洗涤。离心分离丙酮悬浮液。所得固体经离心分离,然后在真空环境75摄氏度下干燥2天。
实施例1
称取UIO-66-NH20.05 g加入5ml的H2O中,搅拌4h直至均匀,然后超声0.5h得到UIO-66-NH2悬浮液。
实施例2
首先将50ml细菌纤维素溶液与5ml环氧氯丙烷在70℃下搅拌3h,再将实施例1中配置的UIO-66-NH2悬浮液与BC溶液(质量分数为0.2%)(即UIO-66-NH2与BC的质量比为1:2)机械搅拌4h,然后将其倒入砂芯漏斗,通过真空抽滤法得到UIO-66-NH2/BC复合隔膜,然后静置0.5h,在80℃真空烘箱干燥12h,得到BC/UIO-66-NH2复合膜。
图1为扫描电镜图,图中,a为BC膜的表面形貌图,b为BC/UIO-66-NH2复合隔膜的表面形貌图,c为BC膜的断面形貌图,d为BC/UIO-66-NH2复合隔膜的断面形貌图;通过图中,我们可以看到UIO-66-NH2均匀交联在了细菌纤维素上,并且BC/UIO-66-NH2复合隔膜孔径更加均匀,说明UIO-66-NH2在细菌纤维素隔膜上起到了破坏氢键调节孔径的作用。
实施例3
将锂离子电池在氩气手套箱中进行组装,按照正极壳-LiCoO2正极片-膜-锂片-电解液-负极壳的顺序组装成CR2032型,电解液选用1M LiPF6的三元碳酸酯(碳酸乙烯酯、碳酸甲基乙基酯、碳酸二甲酯=1:1:1)溶液,将组装好的电池在LAND系统进行恒流充放电测试,测试电压范围为2.5-4.2V,在0.2C下循环50圈后,容量保持率为95%,性能优于BC膜组装的同类型电池,如图2所示。
实施例4
将锂离子电池按照正极壳-锂片-膜-锂片-电解液(成分同实施例3)-负极壳的顺序在氩气手套箱中进行组装,将组装好的电池在电化学工作站上使用交流阻抗法进行测试,测试的频率和振幅分别为0.01Hz-105 Hz和5mV。
结果如图3所示,BC/UIO-66-NH2复合膜组装的锂离子电池的界面阻抗为61Ω,说明隔膜与锂片之间的锂离子更容易通过。
实施例5
将锂离子电池按照正极壳-不锈钢片-膜-不锈钢片-电解液(成分同实施例3)-负极壳的顺序在氩气手套箱中进行组装,将组装好的电池在电化学工作站上使用交流阻抗法进行测试,测试的频率和振幅分别为0.01Hz-105 Hz和5mV。
结果如图4所示,而BC/UIO-66-NH2复合多孔膜的本体阻抗是1.85Ω,说明隔膜本身的阻抗小,在电池通电时的损失比较小。
实施例6
其他步骤同实施例1,不同之处为,UIO-66-NH2和H2O混合溶液由搅拌4h替换为搅拌0.5h。
实施例7
其他步骤同实施例1,不同之处为,H2O的用量由5ml替换为3ml。
实施例8
其他步骤同实施例2,不同之处为,环氧氯丙烷的用量由5ml替换为6ml。
通过以上实施例可以看出,本发明选用BC(具有优异的电解质浸润性)作为商业聚烯烃隔膜替换材料,通过真空抽滤法成型弥补静电纺丝工艺的不稳定性。UIO-66-NH2在普通有机溶剂和无机酸水溶液的处理下是稳定的,当被加热到300℃时,晶体结构也不会被破坏。因此,在新能源领域中,BC和UIO-66-NH2的结合可以弥补聚烯烃类材料的缺点,达到安全性和电化学性能双升的效果,具有较为理想的研究前景。
上述实施例只为说明本发明的技术构思及特点,其目的在于让熟悉此项技术的人能够了解本发明的内容并据以实施,并不能以此限制本发明的保护范围。凡根据本发明精神实质所作的等效变化或修饰,都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。
本发明未尽事宜为公知技术。
Claims (4)
1.一种UIO-66-NH2交联细菌纤维素锂离子电池隔膜的方法,其特征为该方法包括如下步骤:
(1)将UIO-66-NH2加入到H2O,搅拌后再在室温下超声0.5-4h,得到UIO-66-NH2溶液;
其中,质量比,UIO-66-NH2:H2O=1:50-100;
(2)将细菌纤维素溶液与环氧氯丙烷在60-80℃下搅拌3-5h,然后加入UIO-66-NH2溶液,继续搅拌3-5h,再在80℃真空干燥12-18h,即可得到BC/UIO-66-NH2复合隔膜;
其中,质量比,UIO-66-NH2:细菌纤维素=1:2~5;每5ml环氧氯丙烷加入40-60ml细菌纤维素溶液。
2.如权利要求1所述的UIO-66-NH2交联细菌纤维素锂离子电池隔膜的方法,其特征为所述的细菌纤维素溶液的质量百分浓度为0.1~0.5%。
3.如权利要求1所述方法制备的电池隔膜的应用,其特征为用于锂离子电池。
4.如权利要求3所述的应用,其特征为所述的锂离子电池的正极材料为LiCoO2、LiFePO4、LiMn2O4中的一种或多种,负极材料为锂片、石墨、钛酸锂中的一种或多种,电解液的溶质为LiPF6、LiClO4、LiAsF6锂盐中的一种或多种,溶剂为EC、PC、DMC和DEC的一种或多元混合溶剂中。
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