CN116285162A - 一种高阻燃性pvc薄膜及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种高阻燃性pvc薄膜及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN116285162A CN116285162A CN202310451290.0A CN202310451290A CN116285162A CN 116285162 A CN116285162 A CN 116285162A CN 202310451290 A CN202310451290 A CN 202310451290A CN 116285162 A CN116285162 A CN 116285162A
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 78
- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 77
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000003490 calendering Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000012752 auxiliary agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000009775 high-speed stirring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- ADCOVFLJGNWWNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony trioxide Chemical compound O=[Sb]O[Sb]=O ADCOVFLJGNWWNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- BIKXLKXABVUSMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N trizinc;diborate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[Zn+2].[Zn+2].[O-]B([O-])[O-].[O-]B([O-])[O-] BIKXLKXABVUSMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum;dioxosilane;oxygen(2-);hydrate Chemical compound O.[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3].O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052901 montmorillonite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- -1 tetrabromophthalic anhydride ester Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- SAOKZLXYCUGLFA-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(2-ethylhexyl) adipate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)CCCCC(=O)OCC(CC)CCCC SAOKZLXYCUGLFA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- PGTXKIZLOWULDJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Mg].[Zn] Chemical compound [Mg].[Zn] PGTXKIZLOWULDJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Al+3] WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002506 iron compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Mg+2] VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000347 magnesium hydroxide Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001862 magnesium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- JKQOBWVOAYFWKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdenum trioxide Chemical compound O=[Mo](=O)=O JKQOBWVOAYFWKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000003752 zinc compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- ZQYCVIGMGPFQQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N [3-pentanoyloxy-2,2-bis(pentanoyloxymethyl)propyl] pentanoate Chemical compound CCCCC(=O)OCC(COC(=O)CCCC)(COC(=O)CCCC)COC(=O)CCCC ZQYCVIGMGPFQQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052622 kaolinite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000005078 molybdenum compound Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002752 molybdenum compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052882 wollastonite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010456 wollastonite Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 2
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- IHBCFWWEZXPPLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Ca].[Zn] Chemical compound [Ca].[Zn] IHBCFWWEZXPPLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- HPTYUNKZVDYXLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;trihydroxy(trihydroxysilyloxy)silane;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Al].[Al].O[Si](O)(O)O[Si](O)(O)O HPTYUNKZVDYXLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- SHLNMHIRQGRGOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium zinc Chemical compound [Zn].[Ba] SHLNMHIRQGRGOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- KTWOOEGAPBSYNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N ferrocene Chemical compound [Fe+2].C=1C=C[CH-]C=1.C=1C=C[CH-]C=1 KTWOOEGAPBSYNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052621 halloysite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000480 nickel oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxonickel Chemical compound [Ni]=O GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052902 vermiculite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010455 vermiculite Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019354 vermiculite Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- BNEMLSQAJOPTGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc;dioxido(oxo)tin Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-][Sn]([O-])=O BNEMLSQAJOPTGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 40
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 40
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 abstract description 18
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 18
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 17
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 abstract description 12
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 60
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 59
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 38
- 238000001878 scanning electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 28
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 16
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 8
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000004005 microsphere Substances 0.000 description 6
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical group [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000004114 Ammonium polyphosphate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000019826 ammonium polyphosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 229920001276 ammonium polyphosphate Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QHWKHLYUUZGSCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrabromophthalic anhydride Chemical compound BrC1=C(Br)C(Br)=C2C(=O)OC(=O)C2=C1Br QHWKHLYUUZGSCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- UUEDINPOVKWVAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(2-ethylhexyl) 3,4,5,6-tetrabromobenzene-1,2-dicarboxylate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)C1=C(Br)C(Br)=C(Br)C(Br)=C1C(=O)OCC(CC)CCCC UUEDINPOVKWVAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 2
- BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Borate Chemical compound [O-]B([O-])[O-] BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000008037 PVC plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl chloride Chemical compound ClC=C BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000410 antimony oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- GDVKFRBCXAPAQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-A dialuminum;hexamagnesium;carbonate;hexadecahydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-]C([O-])=O GDVKFRBCXAPAQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-A 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001701 hydrotalcite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229960001545 hydrotalcite Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010985 leather Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002715 modification method Methods 0.000 description 1
- DJDSLBVSSOQSLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O DJDSLBVSSOQSLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- CBFCDTFDPHXCNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N octyldodecane Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CBFCDTFDPHXCNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VTRUBDSFZJNXHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxoantimony Chemical compound [Sb]=O VTRUBDSFZJNXHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002926 oxygen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- DQWPFSLDHJDLRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethyl phosphate Chemical compound CCOP(=O)(OCC)OCC DQWPFSLDHJDLRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KVMPUXDNESXNOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(1-chloropropan-2-yl) phosphate Chemical group ClCC(C)OP(=O)(OC(C)CCl)OC(C)CCl KVMPUXDNESXNOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DXZMANYCMVCPIM-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc;diethylphosphinate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CCP([O-])(=O)CC.CCP([O-])(=O)CC DXZMANYCMVCPIM-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/18—Manufacture of films or sheets
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2327/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2327/02—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
- C08J2327/04—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment containing chlorine atoms
- C08J2327/06—Homopolymers or copolymers of vinyl chloride
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- C08K3/18—Oxygen-containing compounds, e.g. metal carbonyls
- C08K3/20—Oxides; Hydroxides
- C08K3/22—Oxides; Hydroxides of metals
- C08K2003/2237—Oxides; Hydroxides of metals of titanium
- C08K2003/2241—Titanium dioxide
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- C08K3/18—Oxygen-containing compounds, e.g. metal carbonyls
- C08K3/20—Oxides; Hydroxides
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Abstract
本申请公开了一种高阻燃性PVC薄膜及制备方法,该PVC薄膜包括如下配方组分:PVC粉体100份,增塑剂30~50份、环保稳定剂1~5份、抑烟剂2~15份、复配阻燃剂25~125份以及二氧化钛10~30份。制备方法,包括以下步骤:采用PVC树脂作为主要原料,添加增塑剂、环保稳定剂、抑烟剂、复配阻燃剂及二氧化钛作为功能助剂;经高速搅拌混合、成型挤出、塑化、过滤、压延、冷却和卷取而成薄膜。本申请高阻燃性PVC薄膜的氧指数大幅高于常见的PVC阻燃薄膜,大幅提升了PVC薄膜的阻燃性能;本申请中的高阻燃性PVC薄膜燃烧后炭层致密,可起到隔绝可燃性气体和氧气的作用,阻燃性能提升明显;本申请制备方法具有工艺简单、操作方便、所用原料价格优廉和工业化实施容易等优点。
Description
技术领域
本申请属于PVC薄膜技术领域,具体涉及一种高阻燃性PVC薄膜及其制备方法。
背景技术
聚氯乙烯(PVC)是一种以氯乙烯为单体的线性高分子材料,是世界第二大通用塑料。PVC在建筑业、日用品、地板、电缆、皮革、薄膜、纤维等行业可见其身影,应用较为广泛。但是PVC为脆性材料,这限制了纯PVC材料在薄膜领域的应用。在脆性PVC制品中添加增塑剂,可以使得PVC更易于加工成型,添加量可达到20%~60%,具有巨大的市场应用前景。
虽然PVC树脂的氯含量大于50%,本身不能燃烧,但是大多数PVC制品都具有可燃性,尤其是PVC软制品,这是由于其加工过程中添加了大量不具阻燃性能的增塑剂,例如邻苯二甲酸(2-乙基己)酯(DOP),己二酸二(2-乙基己)酯(DOA)和四戊酸季戊四醇酯(Pevalen)等。添加阻燃剂是解决高分子材料阻燃性能的常见方法,常见的PVC阻燃剂为含磷阻燃增塑剂、三氧化二锑(Sb2O3)、氢氧化镁(MH)、氢氧化铝(ATH)和硼酸锌(ZB)等。
含磷阻燃增塑剂可部分取代常用的PVC增塑剂,起到气相和凝聚相阻燃的作用,其主要体现在燃烧过程中含磷的阻燃剂分解后可以捕捉气相中的氧、氢和羟基自由基,从而中断聚合物燃烧链段。此外,凝聚相阻燃中磷系阻燃剂可以生成聚偏磷酸,偏聚磷酸可以使聚合物脱水炭化为炭层,从而隔绝氧气和可燃性气体,发挥阻燃作用。
三氧化二锑可在PVC燃烧中起到气相阻燃和凝聚相阻燃的作用。气相阻燃中锑系阻燃剂可捕捉气相中的氧、氢和羟基自由基,从而中断聚合物燃烧链段。同时由于燃烧产生的SbCl3密度较大,SbCl3蒸汽能较长时间停留在燃烧区内,覆盖在聚合物表面,起到隔热、隔氧的作用。
氢氧化物的阻燃主要是气相和凝聚相协同机理。阻燃效应主要表现为分解过程中吸热,降低持续燃烧所需的热量;受热释放结合水,稀释可燃性气体和氧气;燃烧中成炭,隔绝可燃性气体和氧气。
硼酸锌的阻燃机理主要是凝聚相阻燃机理。硼酸锌熔融产生的玻璃质硼酸盐覆盖在聚合物基质表面,形成阻隔层,硼酸锌还有促进PVC炭化和抑烟的作用。其本身的阻燃性能较差,需与传统阻燃剂复配使用才能显著提高其阻燃抑烟性能。
近年来,随着行业对PVC阻燃的认识不断提升,开发了许多种类的PVC阻燃薄膜。公开号为CN 110204844 B专利公开了一种抗冲击高效阻燃装饰膜的制备方法,复配阻燃剂为超细硼酸锌、三氧化二锑和磷系阻燃剂,阻燃薄膜可满足NFPA 701要求。公开号为CN106633526 A的专利公开了一种软质透明PVC阻燃薄膜的制备方法,阻燃增塑剂为三(1-氯-2-丙基)磷酸酯,然而该薄膜的氧指数仅为30%左右。公开号为CN102587218A的专利公开了一种含有聚氯乙烯的复合型壁纸的制备方法,阻燃剂为硼酸锌、氢氧化铝、磷酸三乙酯等其中的一种或多种,氧指数可达到32%左右。公开号为CN 104650441 B的专利公开了一种陶瓷化阻燃高分子复合材料的制备方法,无卤阻燃剂为聚磷酸铵、聚磷酸铵与成炭剂复配物、改性聚磷酸铵等其中一种或多种,协效阻燃剂为水滑石、氧化锑和硼酸锌等其中一种或多种,其报道的氧指数可达28%。
以上公开专利中的PVC阻燃改性方法各有侧重,然而其阻燃提升相对有限。众所周知,现有PVC阻燃体系中,仅加入单一阻燃剂无法达到“阻燃增效”、“促进成炭”、“改善炭层致密性”、“防止熔滴”和“抑烟”等多重阻燃功效,复配混合阻燃剂则可以实现这一目标。此外,以政府大楼、医院和学校等地方的天花膜为例,为进一步扩大PVC阻燃薄膜的应用领域,这类产品需进一步提升其阻燃等级。因此,进一步提升PVC薄膜的综合阻燃性能十分有意义。
发明内容
针对上述现有技术的缺点或不足,本申请要解决的技术问题是提供一种高阻燃性PVC薄膜及其制备方法。
为解决上述技术问题,本申请通过以下技术方案来实现:
本申请提出了一种高阻燃性PVC薄膜,包括如下配方组分:PVC粉体100份,增塑剂30~50份、环保稳定剂1~5份、抑烟剂2~15份、复配阻燃剂25~125份以及二氧化钛10~30份。
可选地,上述的高阻燃性PVC薄膜,其中,所述增塑剂为己二酸二(2-乙基己)酯(DOA)、四戊酸季戊四醇酯(Pevalen)或四溴苯酐酯中的一种或者多种。
可选地,上述的高阻燃性PVC薄膜,其中,所述四溴苯酐酯包括:四溴邻苯二甲酸双(2-乙基己基)酯、四溴苯酐二甲酯、四溴苯酐二己酯、四溴苯酐二庚酯或四溴苯酐二癸酯中的一种或多种。
可选地,上述的高阻燃性PVC薄膜,其中,所述环保稳定剂为钡锌、钙锌、镁铝锌或有机锡类稳定剂中一种或多种。
可选地,上述的高阻燃性PVC薄膜,其中,所述抑烟剂为钼化物、铁化合物、金属氧化物或锌镁复合物中的一种或者多种。
可选地,上述的高阻燃性PVC薄膜,其中,所述钼化合物为三氧化钼或八钼酸铵中的一种或多种;和/或,所述铁化合物为二茂铁。
可选地,上述的高阻燃性PVC薄膜,其中,所述金属化合物为氧化镁、氧化锌、氧化镍或氧化锆中的一种或者多种;和/或,所述镁锌化合物为氧化镁和氧化锌的复合物。
可选地,上述的高阻燃性PVC薄膜,其中,所述复配阻燃剂为三氧化二锑、氢氧化镁、氢氧化铝、锌化合物或无机矿物质中的一种或者多种。
可选地,上述的高阻燃性PVC薄膜,其中,所述锌化合物为硼酸锌、铝酸锌或锡酸锌中的一种或多种。
可选地,上述的高阻燃性PVC薄膜,其中,所述无机矿物质为钠基蒙脱土、钙基蒙脱土、硅灰石、蛭石、高岭石或埃洛石中的一种或多种。
本申请还提出了一种高阻燃性PVC薄膜的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
采用PVC树脂作为主要原料,添加增塑剂、环保稳定剂、抑烟剂、复配阻燃剂及二氧化钛作为功能助剂;
经高速搅拌混合、成型挤出、塑化、过滤、压延、冷却和卷取而成薄膜。
与现有技术相比,本申请具有如下技术效果:
本申请高阻燃性PVC薄膜的氧指数大幅高于常见的PVC阻燃薄膜,大幅提升了PVC薄膜的阻燃性能,进一步扩大PVC阻燃薄膜的应用领域;本申请中的高阻燃性PVC薄膜燃烧后炭层致密,可起到隔绝可燃性气体和氧气的作用,阻燃性能提升明显;本申请制备方法具有工艺简单、操作方便、所用原料价格优廉和工业化实施容易等优点。
本申请中溴系阻燃剂和蒙脱土协同作用下,高阻燃性PVC薄膜燃烧后的炭层表面鼓包成微球,从而起到隔热的作用。
本申请的阻燃机理不仅限于促进PVC成炭、改善炭层致密性和捕获自由基等。为了进一步提升PVC薄膜的阻燃性能,本申请制备的阻燃薄膜燃烧后炭层表面出现的膨胀微球,起到了隔热作用,从而降低了热量到达聚合物基体表面的温度。
本申请中的复配阻燃剂除了引入三氧化二锑、硼酸锌和高岭土等阻燃剂外,还进一步引入环保溴系阻燃剂和蒙脱土,可起到协同阻燃作用。具体的协同机理是溴系阻燃剂既可以部分取代可燃性阻燃剂,又可以在燃烧过程中促进蒙脱土的剥离,鼓包成微球,从而起到隔热的作用。
附图说明
通过阅读参照以下附图所作的对非限制性实施例所作的详细描述,本申请的其它特征、目的和优点将会变得更明显:
图1:本申请对比例1垂直燃烧后炭层表面的SEM图一;
图2:本申请对比例1垂直燃烧后炭层表面的SEM图二;
图3:本申请对比例1垂直燃烧后炭层表面的SEM图三;
图4:本申请对比例2垂直燃烧后炭层表面的SEM图一;
图5:本申请对比例2垂直燃烧后炭层表面的SEM图二;
图6:本申请对比例2垂直燃烧后炭层表面的SEM图三;
图7:本申请对比例3垂直燃烧后炭层表面的SEM图一;
图8:本申请对比例3垂直燃烧后炭层表面的SEM图二;
图9:本申请对比例3垂直燃烧后炭层表面的SEM图三;
图10:本申请实施例1垂直燃烧后炭层表面的SEM图一;
图11:本申请实施例1垂直燃烧后炭层表面的SEM图二;
图12:本申请实施例1垂直燃烧后炭层表面的SEM图三;
图13:本申请实施例2垂直燃烧后炭层表面的SEM图一;
图14:本申请实施例2垂直燃烧后炭层表面的SEM图二;
图15:本申请实施例2垂直燃烧后炭层表面的SEM图三;
图16:本申请实施例3垂直燃烧后炭层表面的SEM图一;
图17:本申请实施例3垂直燃烧后炭层表面的SEM图二;
图18:本申请实施例3垂直燃烧后炭层表面的SEM图三;
图19:本申请实施例4垂直燃烧后炭层表面的SEM图一;
图20:本申请实施例4垂直燃烧后炭层表面的SEM图二;
图21:本申请实施例4垂直燃烧后炭层表面的SEM图三;
图22:本申请实施例5垂直燃烧后炭层表面的SEM图一;
图23:本申请实施例5垂直燃烧后炭层表面的SEM图二;
图24:本申请实施例5垂直燃烧后炭层表面的SEM图三;
图25:本申请实施例6垂直燃烧后炭层表面的SEM图一;
图26:本申请实施例6垂直燃烧后炭层表面的SEM图二;
图27:本申请实施例6垂直燃烧后炭层表面的SEM图三。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图,对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本申请一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本申请保护的范围。
本申请通过不同的对比例以及实施例进行进一步详细说明,其中,如下表1中的重量份数称取各组分,经高速搅拌混合、成型挤出、塑化、过滤、压延、冷却和卷取而成薄膜。其中,不同对比例和实施例的SEM图请参考图1至图27所示。
表1本申请中的各对比例和各实施例的配方表
本申请制备的高阻燃性PVC薄膜的厚度控制为0.2mm,并测试其垂直燃烧UL94等级和其氧指数,具体数据如表2所示,本申请中的高阻燃性PVC阻燃薄膜的阻燃性能高于常规的PVC阻燃薄膜。
表2本申请中各对比例以及实施例的垂直燃烧UL94等级和其氧指数表
配方 | UL 94rating | 氧指数(%) |
对比例1 | VTM-0 | 37.3 |
对比例2 | VTM-0 | 48.6 |
对比例3 | VTM-0 | 45.3 |
实施例1 | VTM-0 | 49.8 |
实施例2 | VTM-0 | 53.2 |
实施例3 | VTM-0 | 49.2 |
实施例4 | VTM-0 | 40.8 |
实施例5 | VTM-0 | 59.8 |
实施例6 | VTM-0 | 50.1 |
其中,基于实施例1至实施例6以及继续参考图10至图12所示,实施例1通过引入高岭石和硅灰石后,PVC阻燃薄膜的炭层致密性好;继续参考图21至图24所示,实施例5在四溴邻苯二甲酸双(2-乙基己基)酯与蒙脱土存在下,PVC薄膜燃烧后炭层致密性好,炭层表面鼓包成微球,从而起到隔热的作用。继续参考实施1至实施例6,本申请的阻燃机理不仅限于促进PVC成炭、改善炭层致密性和捕获自由基等。为了进一步提升PVC薄膜的阻燃性能,本申请制备的阻燃薄膜燃烧后炭层表面出现的膨胀微球,起到了隔热作用,从而降低了热量到达聚合物基体表面的温度;其中,复配阻燃剂除了引入三氧化二锑、硼酸锌和高岭土等阻燃剂外,还进一步引入环保溴系阻燃剂和蒙脱土,可起到协同阻燃作用;具体的协同机理是溴系阻燃剂既可以部分取代可燃性阻燃剂,又可以在燃烧过程中促进蒙脱土的剥离,鼓包成微球,从而起到隔热的作用。
本申请高阻燃性PVC薄膜的氧指数大幅高于常见的PVC阻燃薄膜,大幅提升了PVC薄膜的阻燃性能,进一步扩大PVC阻燃薄膜的应用领域;本申请中的高阻燃性PVC薄膜燃烧后炭层致密,可起到隔绝可燃性气体和氧气的作用,阻燃性能提升明显;本申请制备方法具有工艺简单、操作方便、所用原料价格优廉和工业化实施容易等优点。综上,本申请具有良好的市场应用前景。
以上实施例仅用以说明本申请的技术方案而非限定,参照较佳实施例对本申请进行了详细说明。本领域的普通技术人员应当理解,可以对本申请的技术方案进行修改或等同替换,而不脱离本申请技术方案的精神和范围,均应涵盖在本申请的权利要求范围内。
Claims (10)
1.一种高阻燃性PVC薄膜,其特征在于,包括如下配方组分:PVC粉体100份,增塑剂30~50份、环保稳定剂1~5份、抑烟剂2~15份、复配阻燃剂25~125份以及二氧化钛10~30份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的高阻燃性PVC薄膜,其特征在于,所述增塑剂为己二酸二(2-乙基己)酯(DOA)、四戊酸季戊四醇酯(Pevalen)或四溴苯酐酯中的一种或者多种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的高阻燃性PVC薄膜,其特征在于,所述环保稳定剂为钡锌、钙锌、镁铝锌或有机锡类稳定剂中一种或多种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的高阻燃性PVC薄膜,其特征在于,所述抑烟剂为钼化物、铁化合物、金属氧化物或锌镁复合物中的一种或者多种。
5.根据权利要求4所述的高阻燃性PVC薄膜,其特征在于,所述钼化合物为三氧化钼或八钼酸铵中的一种或多种;和/或,所述铁化合物为二茂铁。
6.根据权利要求4所述的高阻燃性PVC薄膜,其特征在于,所述金属化合物为氧化镁、氧化锌、氧化镍或氧化锆中的一种或者多种;和/或,所述镁锌化合物为氧化镁和氧化锌的复合物。
7.根据权利要求1至6任一项所述的高阻燃性PVC薄膜,其特征在于,所述复配阻燃剂为三氧化二锑、氢氧化镁、氢氧化铝、锌化合物或无机矿物质中的一种或者多种。
8.根据权利要求7所述的高阻燃性PVC薄膜,其特征在于,所述锌化合物为硼酸锌、铝酸锌或锡酸锌中的一种或多种。
9.根据权利要求7所述的高阻燃性PVC薄膜,其特征在于,所述无机矿物质为钠基蒙脱土、钙基蒙脱土、硅灰石、蛭石、高岭石或埃洛石中的一种或多种。
10.一种如权利要求1至9任一项高阻燃性PVC薄膜的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
采用PVC树脂作为主要原料,添加增塑剂、环保稳定剂、抑烟剂、复配阻燃剂及二氧化钛作为功能助剂;
经高速搅拌混合、成型挤出、塑化、过滤、压延、冷却和卷取而成薄膜。
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