CN109280287A - 一种阻燃电加热毯膜及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明所述一种阻燃电加热毯膜及其制备方法,包括质量份数的下列原料:聚合度1000‑1300的聚氯乙烯树脂粉100份,加入2‑3份的环氧大豆油、2‑5份的钙锌复合稳定剂、5‑10份的三氧化二锑阻燃剂,5‑10份的三氧化钼抑烟剂,5‑10份的偏苯三酸三辛酯耐高温增塑剂、3‑6份抗氧剂和5‑10份稳定剂,本发明具有优良的阻燃性能,达到美国UL94‑V0标准,氧指数大于30%的技术要求,本发明通过对PVC聚合物吸热效应、覆盖效应、稀释效应、转移效应、抑制效应(捕捉自由基)、增强效应(协同效应)等阻燃机理的分析研究。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及到化工技术领域,新材料类,有机高分子材料的加工应用技术,具体地说,涉及一种阻燃电加热毯膜及其制备方法。
背景技术
电加热毯基本由加热层、外层、保温层及温控和保险元件组成。阻燃PVC电加热毯膜作为加热毯的表层广泛应用于瑜伽取暖、宠物取暖、办公室取暖以及住宅、别墅家用取暖等各种取暖场所,该产品具有优良的阻燃性能,能达到美国UL94防火检测V0标准,可防止电加热毯电加热过程中火灾事故的产生,产品具有优良的防水性能,可使用湿布和清洁剂清洗表面污渍,同时产品还有具有耐高温(工作时表面温度能承受60℃以上)、耐高压、耐磨损、耐腐蚀等性能。
随着科技的不断发展,人民生活水平的不断提高,人民对取暖需求也越来注重,电加热毯的市场需求量也越来越大,同时也带动了作为电加热毯表层的阻燃PVC加热毯膜的市场需求。
缺点是:
1、聚氯乙烯属难燃塑料,本身具有自熄性,但随着增塑剂含量的增多,产品的柔韧性和易燃性也得到了提高,同时增塑剂在燃烧过程中与PVC热分解产物环化形成苯和二次聚合,产生稠环芳香结构的树脂,从而产生大量的浓烟,而导致火灾事故或浓烟窒息中毒事件的产生,因此,普通的含有增塑剂的聚氯乙烯薄膜阻燃性能较差,不符合其阻燃性能达到UL94-V0标准,氧指数大于30%的技术要求。
2、PVC均聚物存在着加工性能差、缺口冲击强度低和耐热性差的缺点,添加各种稳定剂可以克服加工过程中的热降解,但不能提高材料的使用温度,加工助剂,内、外滑剂可以降低PVC熔体粘度,改善加工性能,但对维卡耐热也有负面的影响,PVC薄膜的维卡软化点一般在75℃-85℃,故一般的PVC薄膜工作环境不超过100℃,不能满足作为电加热毯膜的耐高温需求。
发明内容
本发明克服了现有技术中的缺点,提供了一种阻燃电加热毯膜及其制备方法。
为了解决上述技术问题,本发明是通过以下技术方案实现的:
一种阻燃电加热毯膜,包括质量份数的下列原料:聚合度1000-1300的聚氯乙烯树脂粉100份,加入2-3份的环氧大豆油、2-5份的钙锌复合稳定剂、5-10份的三氧化二锑阻燃剂,5-10份的三氧化钼抑烟剂,5-10份的偏苯三酸三辛酯耐高温增塑剂、3-6份抗氧剂和5-10份稳定剂。
进一步,所述抗氧剂为抗氧剂1010。
进一步,所述稳定剂为沸石1-2份,氢氧化钆0.1-0.5份和2,5-呋喃二甲酸1-3份。
进一步,包括质量份数的下列原料:所述聚合度1000-1300的聚氯乙烯树脂粉100份,加入2.5份的环氧大豆油、4份的钙锌复合稳定剂、6份的三氧化二锑阻燃剂,7份的三氧化钼抑烟剂,7份的偏苯三酸三辛酯耐高温增塑剂、4份抗氧剂和6份稳定剂。
进一步,所述稳定剂为沸石1.5份,氢氧化钆0.3份和2,5-呋喃二甲酸2份。
一种阻燃电加热毯膜的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
a)配料热混合;
b)密炼;
c)辊压机进行辊压;
d)过滤挤出机进行过滤;
e)引离轮进行牵引后进行通过压花轮进行压花;
f)通过测厚仪对电加热毯膜进行测厚;
g)水冷却轮对电加热毯膜进行冷却;
h)切边和卷曲切割。
进一步,所述配料热混合的步骤包括:先低速启动混合机,再加聚合度1000-1300的聚氯乙烯树脂粉,然后加入环氧大豆油、钙锌复合稳定剂、三氧化二锑阻燃剂、三氧化钼抑烟剂和抗氧剂;低速转高速,当混合温度到80℃,开始逐渐加入对偏苯三酸三辛酯耐高温增塑剂,逐渐加温到120℃即可停止搅拌。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果是:
1、本发明具有优良的阻燃性能,达到美国UL94-V0标准,氧指数大于30%的技术要求,本发明通过对PVC聚合物吸热效应、覆盖效应、稀释效应、转移效应、抑制效应(捕捉自由基)、增强效应(协同效应)等阻燃机理的分析研究。利用物理或化学改性技术,阻止或抑制PVC聚合物材料在燃烧过程中其物理或化学变化的速度。从而提高产品的阻燃性能,达到美国UL94-V0标准,氧指数大于30%的技术要求。
2、本发明具有优良的耐热性能,本发明通过对PVC热降解机理的分析。利用物理或化学改性技术置换PVC分子中不稳定的烯丙基氯原子或叔碳氯原子,消除引发PVC热降解的不稳定结构因素;吸收中和PVC因热降解而释放的HCl,消除或抑制其自动催化作用;捕捉自由基,阻止氧化反应。从而提高产品的耐高温性能,满足能长时间工作表面温度能承受60℃以上的耐高温要求。
具体实施方式
以下对本发明的优选实施例进行说明,应当理解,此处所描述的优选实施例仅用于说明和解释本发明,并不用于限定本发明。
一种阻燃电加热毯膜,包括质量份数的下列原料:聚合度1000-1300的聚氯乙烯树脂粉100份,加入2.5份的环氧大豆油、4份的钙锌复合稳定剂、6份的三氧化二锑阻燃剂,7份的三氧化钼抑烟剂,7份的偏苯三酸三辛酯耐高温增塑剂、4份抗氧剂和6份稳定剂。
其中,稳定剂为沸石1.5份,氢氧化钆0.3份和2,5-呋喃二甲酸2份,其加入进一步降低了可燃性。
通过共混改性,有效的提高了产品的阻燃性能和耐高温性能,达到UL94-V0标准,氧指数大于30%的阻燃性能要求和长时间工作表面温度能承受60℃以上的耐高温要求。本发明通过ZR-01自动氧指数测试仪测定阻燃电加热毯膜在燃烧过程中所需氧气的浓度(氧指数值是指聚合物引燃后能保持燃烧50毫米或燃烧时间3分钟所需的氧、氮混合气体中最低氧的体积百分比)的技术路线,依照美国UL94塑料材料可燃性能标准,根据燃烧速度、燃烧时间、抗滴能力以及滴珠是否燃烧等多种评判方法进行判定。有效的解决阻燃电加热毯膜其阻燃性能达到美国UL94-V0标准,氧指数大于30%的技术难题。
一种阻燃电加热毯膜的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
a)配料热混合;
b)密炼;
c)辊压机进行辊压;
d)过滤挤出机进行过滤;
e)引离轮进行牵引后进行通过压花轮进行压花;
f)通过测厚仪对电加热毯膜进行测厚;
g)水冷却轮对电加热毯膜进行冷却;
h)切边和卷曲切割。
配料热混合的步骤包括:先低速启动混合机,再加聚合度1000-1300的聚氯乙烯树脂粉,然后加入环氧大豆油、钙锌复合稳定剂、三氧化二锑阻燃剂、三氧化钼抑烟剂和抗氧剂;低速转高速,当混合温度到80℃,开始逐渐加入对偏苯三酸三辛酯耐高温增塑剂,逐渐加温到120℃即可停止搅拌。
1、PVC热降解机理。
2、阻燃机理。
3、物理或化学改性。
PVC的降解与其分子结构有关,PVC中单体单元是有稳定规律的头-尾结构顺序排列,正是因为PVC在热分解过程中,叔碳氯、烯丙基氯等不稳定结构的存在,使PVC受热后易脱去HCl,引起连锁反应而发生降解,造成力学性能消失和颜色变化。本发明通过对PVC热降解机理的分析,利用物理或化学改性技术置换PVC分子中不稳定的烯丙基氯原子或叔碳氯原子,消除引发PVC热降解的不稳定结构因素;吸收中和PVC因热降解而释放的HCl,消除或抑制其自动催化作用;捕捉自由基,阻止氧化反应。从而提高产品的耐高温性能,满足能长时间工作表面温度能承受60℃以上的耐高温要求。
聚合物的燃烧是一个非常激烈复杂的热氧化反应,具有冒发浓烟或炽烈火焰的特征。燃烧的一般过程是在外界热源的不断加热下,聚合物先与空气中的氧发生自由基链式降解反应,产生挥发性可燃物,该物达到一定浓度和温度时就会着火燃烧起来,燃烧所放出的一部分热量供给正在降解的聚合物,进一步加剧其降解,产生更多的可燃性气体,火焰在很短的时间内就会迅速蔓延而进一步加剧燃烧,本发明通过对PVC聚合物吸热效应、覆盖效应、稀释效应、转移效应、抑制效应(捕捉自由基)、增强效应(协同效应)等阻燃机理的分析研究。利用物理或化学改性技术,阻止或抑制PVC聚合物材料在燃烧过程中其物理或化学变化的速度。从而提高产品的阻燃性能,达到美国UL94-V0标准,氧指数大于30%的技术要求。
本发明能通过实验仪器检测真实的反应产品的阻燃性能,本发明通过ZR-01自动氧指数测试仪测定阻燃电加热毯膜在燃烧过程中所需氧气的浓度(氧指数值是指聚合物引燃后能保持燃烧50毫米或燃烧时间3分钟所需的氧、氮混合气体中最低氧的体积百分比)的技术路线,依照美国UL94塑料材料可燃性能标准,根据燃烧速度、燃烧时间、抗滴能力以及滴珠是否燃烧等多种评判方法进行判定。能真实有效的反应阻燃电加热毯膜其阻燃性能达到美国UL94-V0标准,氧指数大于30%的技术要求。
最后应说明的是:以上仅为本发明的优选实施例而已,并不用于限制本发明,尽管参照实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明,对于本领域的技术人员来说,其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改,或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换,但是凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (7)
1.一种阻燃电加热毯膜,其特征在于,包括质量份数的下列原料:聚合度1000-1300的聚氯乙烯树脂粉100份,加入2-3份的环氧大豆油、2-5份的钙锌复合稳定剂、5-10份的三氧化二锑阻燃剂,5-10份的三氧化钼抑烟剂,5-10份的偏苯三酸三辛酯耐高温增塑剂、3-6份抗氧剂和5-10份稳定剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述一种阻燃电加热毯膜,其特征在于,所述抗氧剂为抗氧剂1010。
3.根据权利要求2所述一种阻燃电加热毯膜,其特征在于,所述稳定剂为沸石1-2份,氢氧化钆0.1-0.5份和2,5-呋喃二甲酸1-3份。
4.根据权利要求3所述一种阻燃电加热毯膜,其特征在于,包括质量份数的下列原料:所述聚合度1000-1300的聚氯乙烯树脂粉100份,加入2.5份的环氧大豆油、4份的钙锌复合稳定剂、6份的三氧化二锑阻燃剂,7份的三氧化钼抑烟剂,7份的偏苯三酸三辛酯耐高温增塑剂、4份抗氧剂和6份稳定剂。
5.根据权利要求4所述一种阻燃电加热毯膜,其特征在于,所述稳定剂为沸石1.5份,氢氧化钆0.3份和2,5-呋喃二甲酸2份。
6.根据权利要求1所述一种阻燃电加热毯膜的制备方法,其特征在于,
包括以下步骤:
a)配料热混合;
b)密炼;
c)辊压机进行辊压;
d)过滤挤出机进行过滤;
e)引离轮进行牵引后进行通过压花轮进行压花;
f)通过测厚仪对电加热毯膜进行测厚;
g)水冷却轮对电加热毯膜进行冷却;
h)切边和卷曲切割。
7.根据权利要求6所述一种阻燃电加热毯膜的制备方法,其特征在于,
所述配料热混合的步骤包括:先低速启动混合机,再加聚合度1000-1300的聚氯乙烯树脂粉,然后加入环氧大豆油、钙锌复合稳定剂、三氧化二锑阻燃剂、三氧化钼抑烟剂和抗氧剂;低速转高速,当混合温度到80℃,开始逐渐加入对偏苯三酸三辛酯耐高温增塑剂,逐渐加温到120℃即可停止搅拌。
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